北师大版高中英语选择性必修第一册unit3 conservation sectioncwritingworkshop and viewingworkshop and readingclub and assessment课后习题含答案

UNIT3CONSERVATION

SectionC　WRITINGWORKSHOP&VIEWING

WORKSHOP&READINGCLUB&ASSESSMENT

课后篇巩固提升

基础夯实

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.It is a good 　　　　　(论说文)apart from a few slight faults. 

答案essay

2.　　　　　 (有机的)produce is likely slightly healthier to eat. 

答案Organic

3.Can you put me through to the president office of the 　　　　　(研究院)? 

答案institute

4.There is not much　　　　　 (家禽肉)in the shops. 

答案poultry

5.We gain an advantage over our o　　　　 because of much more resources. 

答案opponent

6.The scientist c　　　　 to have invented a new kind of car. 

答案claimed

7.They contain a harmful c　　　　 that caused my liver to fail. 

答案chemical

8.The government declared war on the 　　　　　(毒品) dealers. 

答案drug

9.We were astonished to find the 　　　　　(寺院)still in its original condition. 

答案temple

10.A stream is winding it’s way through the 　　　　　(山谷) into the river. 

答案valley

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1.School officials say they welcome parental 　　　　　(involve). 

答案involvement

2.She was shocked by the 　　　　　(cruel) of his words,thinking he was too hard on her. 

答案cruelty

3.The　　　　　 (scene) spot is on northwestern outside of Beijing. 

答案scenic

4.Some were in memory of settlers’ former homes,others in honour of 　　　　　(history) events. 

答案historic

5.Even in advanced 　　　　　(agriculture) societies,it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. 

答案agricultural

6.You have a tendency to avoid　　　　　 (argue). 

答案argument

7.Though having lived abroad for years,many Chinese still observe 　　　　　(tradition) customs. 

答案traditional

8.The last few years have seen　　　　　 (environment) disasters on a grand scale,and experts are predicting far worse to come. 

答案environmental

9.The majority of people would not support this type of 　　　　　(science) research. 

答案scientific

10.There are sometimes great 　　　　　(culture) differences even between native English speakers. 

答案cultural

Ⅲ.选择合适的短语完成句子

in that way, apart from, sum up, for instance, home to, fight for, suffer from, at the rate of, on top of that, be located in

1.I enjoyed,　　　　　,the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. 

答案for instance

2.To 　　　　　,it’s worthwhile to rebuild the old bridge. 

答案sum up

3.I’d prefer to do it in this way rather than 　　　　　. 

答案in that way

4.　　　　　this,the actual cost of misused light is estimated to be millions of dollars every year. 

答案Apart from

5.He has　　　　　the lung cancer for many years. 

答案suffered from

6.No matter what happens in the court,the judges must stand for us to 　　　　　the justice of our cause. 

答案fight for

7.The island is　　　　　 many birds and animals. 

答案home to

8.Narvik 　　　　　the south of Norway. 

答案is located in

9.　　　　　,he believes in working for money. 

答案On top of that

10.The train was going　　　　　95 kilometres an hour. 

答案at the rate of

Ⅳ.完成句子

1.另一方面,黑色令人压抑。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,black is depressing. 

答案On the other hand

2.他们匆忙地回家了,又饿又冷。

They went home in a hurry,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

答案hungry and cold

3.这个书包和我昨天丢失的一样。

This is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　I lost yesterday. 

答案the same bag as

4.他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。

He stared at his friend 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

答案with his mouth wide open

5.他死了,留下妻子和五个孩子。

He died,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　with five children. 

答案leaving his wife

素养提升

Ⅴ.阅读理解

A

主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:说明文

(2020江西南昌六校期末联考)

A new study has found that North American migratory(迁徙的) birds have been getting smaller over the past 40 years.Researchers say the finding suggests a warming climate(气候) could be affecting bird growth in North America—and across the world.

The study was recently published in EcologyLetters.Researchers measured(测量) the size of 80,000 birds killed from 1978 to 2016 during the spring and fall migrations in the city of Chicago,Illinois.Over the 40-year period,body size decreased in all 52 species.The average body weight fell by 2.6 percent.Leg bone length dropped by 2.4 percent.The one area of growth was the wingspan,which increased by 1.3 percent.

The researchers said the wing growth likely happened to allow the birds to continue making long migrations with smaller bodies.The study considered a principle known as Bergmann’s rule,in which individuals within a species grow smaller in warmer areas and grow larger in colder ones.

Brian Weeks,a biologist at the University of Michigan’s School for Environment and Sustainability,helped lead the research.He said that he believes the results show a clear connection between a warming climate and the growth of the birds.“In other words,climate change seems to be changing both the size and shape of these species,” he said.

The study found a direct connection between the average summer temperature and the body size of the birds.Dave Willard works with Chicago’s Field Museum,which was in charge of measuring all the birds.He said nearly “everyone agrees that the climate is warming,but examples of just how that is affecting the natural world are only now coming to light.” 

“We had good reason to expect that increasing temperatures would lead to reductions in body size,based on earlier studies,” Weeks said.“I was incredibly surprised that all of these species are responding in such similar ways.”

The researchers plan to continue studying the Field Museum data in an effort to find additional evidence to support their findings.They will also further examine the idea that an individual’s physical development can change to fit changing environmental conditions.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,讲述了气候变暖会影响鸟类的生长。

1.Which of the following didn’t go down to a lower level?

A.The body size. B.The body weight.

C.The leg bone length. D.The wingspan.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theaveragebodyweightfellby2.6percent.Legbonelengthdroppedby2.4percent.Theoneareaofgrowthwasthewingspan,whichincreasedby1.3percent.”可知,翼展的尺寸没有变小。故选D项。

2.Whichofthefollowingtookresponsibilityformeasuringthebirds?

A.EcologyLetters. B.BrianWeeks.

C.TheFieldMuseum. D.DaveWillard.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第五段中的“DaveWillardworkswithChicago’sFieldMuseum,whichwasinchargeofmeasuringallthebirds.”可知,DaveWillard就职于芝加哥菲尔德博物馆,该博物馆负责测量所有鸟类。故选C项。             

3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“comingtolight”inParagraph5mean?

A.Known. B.Similar.

C.Intelligent. D.Distant.

答案A

解析词义猜测题。根据第六段中的“Wehadgoodreasontoexpectthatincreasingtemperatureswouldleadtoreductionsinbodysize,basedonearlierstudies,”可知,画线词语所在句指的是每个人都同意气候正在变暖,但关于气候变暖如何影响自然界的例子直到现在才为人所知。画线部分的意思是“知道”,故选A项。

4.The main idea of the passage is that　　　. 

A.fifty-two species of birds became smaller

B.the warming climate could affect bird growth

C.the warming climate makes the birds grow larger

D.the researchers have proved their findings

答案B

解析主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Researcherssaythefindingsuggestsawarmingclimate(气候)couldbeaffectingbirdgrowthinNorthAmerica—andacrosstheworld.”可知,研究人员表示,这一发现表明气候变暖可能会影响北美乃至全球的鸟类生长,由此可知本文的主要观点是气候变暖会影响鸟类的生长,故选B项。

B

主题语境:人与自然　语篇类型:说明文

(2020黑龙江哈尔滨高一期末考试)

In the past 50 years,the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has gone up more than fourfold.In coastal water bodies,including river mouths and seas,low-oxygen sites have increased more than tenfold since 1950.Scientists expect oxygen to continue dropping even outside these zones as Earth warms.

“Oxygen is fundamental to life in the Oceans,”said Denise Breitburg,a marine ecologist with the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre.“The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth’s environment.Actually,it’s a great loss to all the support services that rely on recreation and tourism,including hotels and restaurants and taxi drivers and everything else.The reverberations(严重影响) of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive.”

In areas traditionally called “dead zones”,like those in Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico,oxygen plummets(大幅下跌) to so low levels that many animals die.As fish avoid these zones,their habitats become smaller and they’re easier to be attacked or caught.But the problem goes far beyond “dead zones”.Even smaller oxygen decline can prevent growth in animals,hinder reproduction and lead to disease or even death.It can also cause the release of dangerous chemicals such as nitrous oxide,a greenhouse gas up to 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide.While some animals can boom in “dead zones”,overall biodiversity falls.

Climate change is the key criminal in the open ocean.Warming surface waters make it harder for oxygen to reach the inside of the ocean.Furthermore,as the ocean as a whole gets warmer,it holds less oxygen.In coastal waters,too much nutrient pollution from land creates algal blooms,which use up oxygen as they die and break down.

People’s livelihoods are also on the line,the scientists reported,especially in developing nations.Smaller fisheries(渔场) may be unable to relocate when low oxygen destroys their harvests or forces fish to move elsewhere.So we humans have to carry on a war now and win the war.

【语篇解读】人类活动导致全球变暖,气候变化影响海洋生物的生存,这些会相应地影响人类的生存,人类必须采取措施应对此问题。

5.What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?

A.The ocean has been losing its oxygen.

B.The amount of sea water is increasing.

C.The coastal water bodies are dangerous.

D.Earth becomes warmer and warmer.

答案A

解析主旨大意题。通过第一段可知海洋面临的现状,在过去的50年里,海洋中零氧水域的水量增加了四倍多,低氧地区自1950年以来增加了十倍多。科学家预计,随着地球变暖,即使在这些区域之外,氧气含量也会继续下降,故选A项。

6.WhatcanweinferfromDeniseBreitburg’swords?

A.Differentoceanshavedifferentlevelsofoxygen.

B.Thedeclineinoceanoxygenhasgreatinfluences.

C.Thefutureoftourismreliesonthelevelsofoceanoxygen.

D.Thedecreaseinoceanoxygenisthemostseriousenvironmentalproblem.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第二段DeniseBreitburg所说的话可知,海洋氧气的减少是人类活动对地球环境最严重的影响之一,这种不健康的海洋生态系统的严重影响还会扩大,由此可见海洋氧气的减少有很大影响,故选B项。

7.How does the “dead zone” affect sea animals?

A.It offers more food.

B.It forms dangerous gas.

C.It reduces their living areas.

D.It produces more carbon dioxide.

答案C

解析推理判断题。根据第三段的“Inareastraditionallycalled‘deadzones’...oxygenplummets(大幅下跌)tosolowlevelsthatmanyanimalsdie.Asfishavoidthesezones,theirhabitatsbecomesmallerandthey’reeasiertobeattackedorcaught.”可知,在“死亡地带”,氧气大幅下跌,许多动物死去。当鱼类避开这些区域时,它们的栖息地变小,更容易被攻击或捕获。故选C项。

8.Howcanwewinthewaraccordingtothetext?

A.Byclosingsmallerfisheries.

B.Bycontrollinghumans’badactivities.

C.Byimprovingpeople’slivingstandards.

D.Bystoppingnutrientsenteringtheocean.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第二段的“ThedeclineinoceanoxygenranksamongthemostseriouseffectsofhumanactivitiesontheEarth’senvironment.Actually,it’sagreatlosstoallthesupportservicesthatrelyonrecreationandtourism,includinghotelsandrestaurantsandtaxidriversandeverythingelse.”可知,是人类活动导致了海洋氧气减少,所以要解决此问题必须控制人类的有害活动,故选B项。

Ⅵ.应用文写作

(2020安徽宿州十三所省重点中学联考)

如今灭绝的物种越来越多,保护濒危动物尤为重要。现就如何保护濒危动物写一篇文章,内容如下:

1.动物濒危的原因;

2.保护的措施;

3.呼吁大家。

注意:

1.词数80左右;

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

参考范文

Everyone knows animals are our friends.But many animals are facing the danger of extinction,because the environment that they are living in has been destroyed greatly.What’s worse,human race is killing them just for getting their fur,skin,teeth and meat.

In order to protect our resources of ecology,our government should pass laws and forbid people to hunt the animals in danger.We can work together to plant more trees and call for protecting animals’ habitats.At the same time,it is necessary to have long-term projects to help the endangered animals.

Only if we protect animals well can we have a bright future!

Ⅶ.概要写作

阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

(2020福建师范大学附属中学期末考试)

These days our society develops rapidly and forces people to rush.It appears that people have got used to being in a hurry.However,it’s better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done.

The main reason that convinces us to be against doing work in a hurry is the possibility of doing wrong in a rush.When people do their jobs or take action in a hurry,they can’t make a sound decision and probably regret later.As the saying goes,“Haste makes waste.” We should think carefully before making a decision and do our work less quickly.We should not make mistakes by doing work hurriedly.

Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better.For example,taking a train to some place certainly will take more time than taking a plane.However,taking a train makes people have enough time to get to know a lot of new friends.Besides,it allows people to fully enjoy the beautiful scenery along the way.On the contrary,being in a hurry will make us lose chances of enjoying our lives.

Finally,slower life pace provides better health conditions for us.As is known to all,taking action in a hurry bothers people and raises their stress.People think if they are not in a hurry,they will become a loser and that annoys them.But being in a hurry can hurt people both physically and mentally(精神上).According to some studies,people who have a slower pace suffer fewer diseases,tend to be happier and live much longer than those whose life is tense,even if the former finish jobs more slowly than the latter.

In short,working quickly will bring about more material benefits to make our society more advanced.Yet,much stress can’t bring enjoyment,friends and health,which are much more important than money and other material advantages.Therefore,take your time and live your life at a slower pace.

参考范文

Despite being accustomed to the fast pace in modern society,people are recommended to lead a slower life.(要点1) Firstly,slowing down lowers the possibility of committing errors by comprehensive thinking.(要点2) Secondly,more opportunities to enjoy life are allowed by a slower pace.(要点3) Lastly,better health condition physically and mentally is also what a slower life brings.(要点4) Therefore,let’s take a slower life from now on(要点5).