Module 9（精讲）-2022-2023学年外研版八年级英语上册单元重难单词短语句型语法精讲精炼

讲解本Module9 Population 【学习导航】交际话题：谈论了世界人口现状、环境污染和城市发展等情况。重点单词 1. noise n.噪声；杂音2.prepare v.准备；预备3.notes n.(pl)笔记；随笔4.report n.报告；汇报5.grow v.(grew/gru增长；增大6.huge adj.巨大的；庞大的7.cause v.造成；引起8.problem n.麻烦；问题9.increase n.增大；增长v.增大；增长10.billion num.十亿11.fifth num.第五；五分之12.rubbish n.垃圾：废弃物13.pollution n.污染14.solve v.解决问题重点短语 1. talk about谈论2. such as例如3. population increase人口增长4.write down写下，记下5. one fifth五分之6. prepare for为……做准备7. more than=over超过8. not... any more = no more不再9. not, any longer- no longer不再10. pay for为…付钱核心句型 1. I'm preparing some notes for a report called "Our growing population?我正在为一篇题为《我们日益增长的人口》的报告准备笔记。2. That causes a lot of problems, such as too much traffic and noise.这引发了很多问题，例如交通拥堵和噪音过多。3. The population of China is about 1.37 billion.中国的人口大约为13.7亿。 句型：What's the population of…?......的人口是多少?4. It takes an hour to get there by bus.乘公共汽车到达那儿要花一个小时的时间。 句型：It takes sb. some time to do sth.某人花费多长时间做某事。5. There is a lot of traffic and pollution.沿途交通拥堵，污染严重。核心语法 1. 不定冠词及定冠词的用法。2. 数次的读法。Unit 1 The population of China is about 1.37 billion.教材新知讲解学点一、I'm preparing some notes for a report called Our growing population.我正在为一篇题为《我们日益增长的人口》的报告准备笔记。(P72)(1) prepare动词，意为“准备；预备”，主要用法有① prepare sth.意为“准备某物”。My mother is preparing lunch.我妈妈正在准备午饭(1) prepare sth.for，意为“为……准备某物”You must prepare a room for the guest.③ prepare for sth。意为“为某事做准备”They are preparing for the New Year.他们正在为新年做淮备。④ prepare to do sth.意为“准备去做某事”。We are preparing to go on holiday.我们正准备去度假。(2022.南阳) Our English teacher is preparing ____ the class.(我们的英语老师在为上课做准备)A. to B.for C.on D.of 解析：prepare意为“准备；预备”，prepare sth.for，意为“为……准备某物”是固定搭配。由题意知“我们的英语老师在为上课做准备”，故选B.答案：B.for 学点二、too much, muchtoo与too many的区别Beijing is a huge city with a large population, That causes a lot of problems, such as too much traffic and noise.北京就是一个人口众多的大城市。这引发了很多问题，例如交通拥堵和 噪音过多。（教材第72 页）辨析：too much，much too与too manytoo much“太多”，后接不可数名词。much too“太”后接形容词或副词。too many太多后接可数名词复数。如：He doesn' t have too much money.他没有太多钱。It is much too cold.天太冷了。There are too many people in the park.公园里人太多了。助记：too much, much too 与too manytoo much，much too，用法区别看后头。much后跟不可数，too后则跟形或副。too many要记住，其后名词必复数。【拓展】too much还可用作名词性短语，在句中作主语或宾语；也可用作副词短语，在句中用作状语，修饰动词。You've given me too much.你已经给我太多了。He talked too much at the meeting, didn t he?他在会上讲得太多了，是吗?(2022·重庆) My cousin is heavy because he often eats fast food。A. much too；too many B. too much；too much C. much too；too much解析：too much意为“太多”，修饰不可数名词；much too意为“太”，修饰形容词或副词；too many意为“太多”，修饰可数名词复数。第一个空后heavy是形容词，应用much too修饰，第二个空后是fast food应用 too much修饰，故选C。答案: C. much too；too much 学点三、辨析：noise, sound与voice…That causes a lot of problems, such as too much traffic and noise…….这引发了很多问题，例如交通拥堵和 噪音过多。（教材第72 页）noise指不悦耳的“噪音，杂音，吵闹声”等。sound还指自然界中的一切声音。voice指人说话或唱歌发出的“音”，有时也指鸟鸣的声音。They were making too much noise.它们的噪声太大了。Light travels much faster than sound.光的传播速度比声音快得多。The little boy has a beautiful voice.这个小男孩有一副好嗓子。例题：(2022·上海) The ______ pollution is terrible here, I can’t sleep at night.A.noise B.sound C.voice D.air解析：noise指不悦耳的“噪音”等。sound泛指指自然界中的一切声音。voice指人发出的“嗓音”，air是“空气”的意思。根据句意可知“由于噪音而晚上不能入睡”故选A。答案: A.noise 学点四、辨析：problem与questionPopulation increase is a big problem in many countries.人口增长在许多国家都是一个大问题。(教材第72页)problem指疑难的、困难的问题，如数学问题、失业问题或令人困惑的事等相对比较麻烦。重在突出“难”表示解决这类问题时用solve，即solve the problem“解决问题”。question指一般的问题，需要解答的问题。表示解答这类问题时用answer，即 answer the question“回答问题”。例题：(2022.北京) The population is one of the most serious _______(问题).(根据汉语提示完成句子)解析：question指一般的问题，而problem指困难的或重大的问题，如国家政治、军事、经济、人口、失业等问题。一般指令人困惑的，相对比较麻烦问题。根据句意“人口问题是世界上最严重的问题之意”突出“问题之难”。故用problem。答案: problem。 学点五、数词billion的用法The population of China is about 1.37 blion.中国的人口大约为13.7亿。(教材第72页)billion数词，意为“十亿”。在英语中，hundred“百"，thousand“千",million“百万”百万”和billion“十亿”前面有具体数字时，它们的后面都不加-s；但是当与of搭配使用时，它们的后面必须加-s，表示概数，而且不能与具体的数字连用。如：two hundred二百 five thousand五千three million三百万 seven billion七十亿hundreds of数百 thousands of数千，成千上万millions of数百万 billions of数十亿注意：英文中没有直接的单词表达“一亿”，我们可用one hundred million或 zero point one billion表示。例题：There are about 7.5 _______people in the world.A. billion B. billion of C. billions D. billions of解析：billion“十亿”。当与of搭配使用时，它们的后面加-s，表示概数，前面不能与具体的数字连用，但当前面有具体数字时，它的后面都不加-s。空格前是“7.5”故选A。答案: A. billion 学点六、分数的表达That's almost one fifth of the world's population, that is, about7 billion.那几乎是约70亿的世界人口的五分之一。(教材第72页)one fifth意为“五分之一”。表达分数时，用基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母。当分子大于1时，作分母的序数词用复数。分数作主语时，谓语动词的数与分数后的名词保持一致。注意：在英语中，“四分之一”也可表达为a quarter；“四分之三”也可表达为three quarters；“二分之一”也可表达为a half。如：One third of the students go to school by bus.三分之一的学生乘公共汽车去上学。Two fifths of the land is covered with snow.五分之二的地面被雪覆盖着。例题：(2022·郑州)—Mum, ______ of my classmates ______ glasses.—Oh, my God. You need to protect your eyes well.A three-fourths; wears B three-fourth; wearC three-fourth: wears D. three-fourths; wear解析：分数表达法是：基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母；当分子大于1时，序数词后面要加s，three大于1，故分母应用fourths，排除B、C。当“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词的单复数保持一致。此处my classmates为复数，谓语动词应用wear，故选D。句意：“妈妈，我的四分之三的同班同学都戴眼镜。”“哦，天哪。你们需要保护好你们的眼睛。”答案：D. three-fourths; wear Unit 2 Arnwick was a city with 200, 000 people.学点七、quiet的应用… it was a quiet village…它是一个安静的村庄。(教材第74页)quiet形容词，意为“寂静的，安静的”。常用短语keep/ be quiet意为“保持安静”。It is a quiet evening.这是一个宁静的夜晚。Be quiet!!安静!【拓展】quietly副词，意为“安静地。The girl is sitting on the sofa quietly.那个女孩正安静地坐在沙发上。例题：(2022.南昌)Sally used to be______,but now she takes part in different activities and makes many new friends.A. active B quiet C. honest D. outgoing解析：active意为“积极的”；quiet意为“安静的；寡言少语的”；honest意为“诚实的”；outgoing意为“外向的”。but表示前后文之间是转折关系，根据后文对萨莉现在情况的描述now she takes part in different activities and makes many new friends(现在她参加不同的活动，交很多新朋友)可知，萨莉过去不爱说话，故选B。答案：B quiet 学点八、副词even的应用we are working to make them even better.我们正努力工作使它们更好。(教材第77页)even副词，意为“还，更加”，用于修饰比较级表示强调。I do it even better than before.我做得比以前更好了。It was cold yesterday, but it's even colder today.昨天很冷，但今天更冷。【拓展】修饰比较级的词(组)还有much，a little/ bit, far等。如：It's much hotter today.今天热多了。It' s a little colder today.今天有点儿冷。Riding a bike is far more interesting than taking a bus.骑自行车比乘公共汽车有趣得多。例题：(2022·濮阳)—How are you today, Tom?—I’m even_______. I don't think this medicine is good for me.A. worse B. badly C. better D.well解析：even副词，意为“甚至”，常用于修饰比较级，表示程度，所以排除B、D两项。再由下句句意“我认为这种药对我没有效果”可推知，空格所在句句意为“(今天)我的身体状况(比昨天)更差了”。故选A答案: A. worse 学点九、“比较级+and+比较级”的用法With more and more people in the world, more and more water is used.随着世界上的人越来越多，越来越多的水被使用。(教材第79页)more and more意为“越来越多的"。“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……"若比较级是由在前加more构成的，则表示“越来越用“ more and more+原级”。It gets warmer and warmer in spring.春天，天气变得越来越暖和。Our village is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的村庄正变得越来越漂亮。【拓展】“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……就越……”。The more, the better越多越好。例题：(2022.兰州)The weather is becoming______.A. hotter and hotter B. more hot and hotC. hoter and hoter D. more and more hot解析：“比较级+and+比较级”结构表示题来越……”。hot的比较级为hotter，故选A。答案：A. hotter and hotter 学点十、More than 3.4 million people die each year from drinking and washing with polluted water.每年有超过340万人死于喝污染了的水和用污染了的水洗刷。(教材第79页)die from意为“因……而死”，与 die of同义。In some places, people die from traffic accidents.在有些地方，人们死于交通事故。She died of hunger.她死于饥饿。【拓展】die for意为“为…而献出生命”Do you believe in anything enough to die for it.你有足以让你为之献出生命的信仰吗?例题：(2022.兰州)The weather is becoming______.A. hotter and hotter B. more hot and hotC. hoter and hoter D. more and more hot解析：“比较级+and+比较级”结构表示题来越……”。hot的比较级为hotter，故选A。 单元语法盘点一、冠词冠词是限定词的一种，不能单独使用，常用于修饰名词。冠词有两种：不定冠词a/ an，定冠词the。在英语中还有不使用冠词的情况，也称为零冠词。1.不定冠词的用法不定冠词用来修饰可数名词单数，指人或物中的某一个或某一类，但不具体说明是何人何物。(1)表示“一个”的概念，但数的概念不如one强烈。如：Population is a big problem for cities.人口对于城市来说是一个大问题。(2)表示“每一”的概念，相当于every。I watch TV once a week.我每周看一次电视。(3)首次提到某人或某物，不定冠词起介绍作用。A student wants to ask you some questions.一个学生想问你一些问题。(4)某些固定短语中，要用不定冠词。have a good time过得愉快；have a loook看一看；have a rest休息一下注意：an后面接读音以元音音素开头的单词；a后面接读音以辅音音素开头的词。2.定冠词的用法(1)指上文提到过的人或物。上文中第一次出现的名词前用an，再次或多次出现时常用the。I have a dog. The dog is black.我有一只狗。这只狗是黑色的。(2)特指某人或某物。The girl with long hair is my younger sister.这个留长发的女孩是我的妹妹。(3)指说话双方都知道的人或物。I had to write the same report last term.上学期我不得不写了同样的报告。(4)用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。the Great Wall长城(5)用于世界上独一无二的事物前。the sun太阳；the moon月亮(6)用于姓氏复数形式之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇二人the Smiths史密斯一家/史密斯夫妇(7)用于形容词最高级前。the biggest city最大的城市(8)用于序数词前。the first boy第一个男孩(9)用于乐器名词前。play the piano弹钢琴(10)某些形容词前加定冠词the，表示一类人或物。the young年轻人；the old老人(11)用于某些固定短语中。in the morning在早上；the day after tomorrow后天3.零冠词的用法(1)在球类活动、学科名称前以及季节、月份、星期前不用冠词。Tom can play volleyball.汤姆会打排球。(2)名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或数词等作定语时，名词前不用冠词。There are many books in her schoolbag.她的书包里有许多书。(3)在某些固定短语或习惯用语中不用冠词。by bus乘公共汽车；have breakfast吃早饭；at home在家；at night在夜里(4)专有名词和不可数名词前一般不用冠词。China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。(5)在某些短语中，名词前用冠词和不用冠词的意义有所不同。in hospital(生病)住院；in the hospital在医院(工作或参观等)；at tabl在吃饭；at the table在桌子旁；in class在上课；in the class在班里。例题1：(1)(2022·大庆)—What do you think of_______party last night?—Great! All of us had_______good time.A, a; a B. the; the C. the; a D. a; the解析：第一句句意：你认为昨天晚上的聚会怎么样?特指昨天晚上的聚会，所以要用定冠词the。第二句中have a good time为固定短语，意为“玩得开心”故选C。答案: C. the; a例题2：(2022·天津) Shenzhen is on_______coast near Hong Kong. It was_______small village many years ago.A. a；the B. the；a C.不填；不填 D. the_______the解析：coast(海岸)后有介词短语near Hong Kong(在香港附近)限定，应是特指，故前面用定冠词the；第二个空格处用不定冠词a表示“一”的概念，故选B。句意深圳位于香港附近的海岸上，许多年前它是一个小村庄。答案：B. the；a二、数字用英语朗读数字时，要将每三位数看作一个单位，每个单位里的数字按照百、十、个位往后读，遵循百位以内数字的读法。1.百位数的读法百位的基数词一般在百位和十位之间加and或用and直接连接百位与个位。如：578读作: five hundred and seventy-eight403读作: four hundred and three2.千位及千位以上的数字的读法千位及千位以上的数字从右向左数起，每三位数加一个逗号。从右开始，第一个逗号处读thousand，第二个逗号处读 million，第三个逗号处读billion。6,371 i1: six thousand, three hundred and seventy one4,237,166,234读作: four billion, two hundred and thirty-seven million, one hundred and sixty-six thousand, two hundred and thirty-four 核心素养解读如今，为了生活，数以百万计的农民工涌入城市。然而，随着城市人口的急剧增加，城市的发展中出现了许多问题。城市变得越来越拥挤，给交通、住房、卫生、教育、就业等带来巨大压力；越来越多的私家车排放出大量的二氧化碳，使空气受到严重污染。更甚的是，带来了许多严重的社会问题。所以为了我们的生存环境，必须采取一些有力措施。Nowadays, ____(million) of farmer get into cities in search of___( job) and better living.However, with the rise in the urban population, many problems arise in the development of cities.Firstly, cities become ______(越来越……) crowded, putting much pressure upon transportation, housing, sanitation, education, employment and so on. City services and facilities _______(strain) to a breaking point. Secondly, a growing number of private cars emit huge amount of carbon dioxide, leaving the air mercilessly polluted. What is more, the city is also threatened by ____( rise) crime. Not a single day passes without the report of someone _____(be) robbed, kidnapped or murdered. Last but not least, city-dwellers are not only separated from the natural world but also isolated from each other, even not knowing the name of their next-door neighbor.All these problems _____(harm) the attractiveness of the city. Unless there is some improvement, more and more people may seek to live in the suburbs.答案：1. million 2.job 3. more and more 4. have been strained 5. rising 6. being 7.have harmed  助记：分数的表达：分子基数词，分母序数词。分子大于1，分母用复数。