必修 第二册2 Roads to educationn课后测评

Unit 2  Animals

一、基础巩固

I．单词拼写

1. Many facts  e_________ (显现 ) as a result of the investigation.
2. He called for the immediate r_________ (释放) of all political prisoners.
3. He _________ (回忆) exactly what Bob had told him the previous night. 
4. Few countries have as rich a diversity of  _________ (栖息地) as South Africa. 
5. He has  e_________ (展现出) symptoms of anxiety and overwhelming worry.
6. They seemed devoted to each other and were openly a_________ (显露感情的).
7. A situation or event that is c _________ (严酷的) is very harsh and causes people distress.
8. As autumn  _________ (临近) , the plants and colours in the garden changed.
9. The move follows growing public  _________ (担忧 ) over the spread of the disease.
10. We have been preparing our fighters to  _________ (调整 ) themselves to the society.
11. These ancient woodlands are under _________ (威胁 ) from new road developments.
12. It is  _________ ( 非法的) to sell cigarettes to children who are under the age of 18.
13. Most authorities agree that play is an  e_________ (至关重要的 ) part of a child's development.
14. He is well on the way to  _________ (确立) himself as a top star among all the players in the world.
15. The thesis is aimed to make an  _________ (企图) to investigate into student-centred models for English language teaching in senior high schools.

【答案】  1. emerged      2.release     3. recalled     4.habitat     5.exhibited    6.affectionate

7.   cruel    8.approached   9.concern    10.adjust   11.threat   12.illegal   13.essential

14. establishing   15.attempt

II.单句语法填空 (介词+关系代词whom或which填空)

1.The subject_______  ________ I'm most interested is English.
2. The pencil ________  ________ he was writing broke.

3. Wu Dong, ________  ________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.

4. The two things ________  ________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.

5. Her bag, ________  ________ she put all her books, has not been found.

6.The person ________  ________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.

7. September 30 is the day ________  ________ you must pay your bill.

8. We went through a period _______  __________communications were very difficult in the rural areas.     

9. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry ________  ________ there won’t be much work.

10..American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____  _________they can talk frequently.

11.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _______  _____ his employees enjoy their work.

12.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill ________  ________ school education depends.

13. Is this the man ________  ________ house the police found the lost colored TV?

14. There are a number of distinguishing characteristics ________  _______ you can identify a Hollywood epic.

15. The villagers dug along tunnel________  _______ they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers.

【答案】:

1.in which   2. with which  3. with whom   4. of which         5. in/into which

6.to whom    7. by/on which      8. during which    9. without which     10. with whom

11. in which   12. on/upon which  13. in whose      14.by which          15.through which

III. 填空题：(非限制定语从句用法练习)

1. His movie won several awards at the film festival, __________ was beyond his wildest dream.
2. You can find whatever you need at the shopping center, ________ is always busy at the weekend.
3. Te United States is made up of fifty states, one of _______ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean. 

 (请思考除which外，非限制定语从句还有哪些引导词？)

4. _______ has been announced, we shall have our final exam next month.           
5. 上星期我碰巧在街上遇到了李立，他似乎很忙。

Last week I happened to meet Li Li in the street , __________ seemed to be very busy.

6. 彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。

Peter, _____________ you met in London, is now back in Paris.

7. 那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。

The boy, _____________ father is an engineer, studies very hard.

8. 他将把郊游推迟到5月1号，那时他将有空。

He will put off the picnic until May 1st, ____________ he will be free.

9. 他们去了伦敦，在哪里他们生活了六个月。

They went to London, ____________ they lived for six months.

10. 美国人都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。

__________ is known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer. (as在从句中作主语)

1. which  2.which   3. which  4. As  5. who  6. whom  7. whose  8.when  9. where  10. As

IV. 词汇填空（本单元词汇巩固）

1. As they must also sprint over short distances, speed is             .

2. Herbalism had become an all but             skill in the Western world.

3. Some couples see single women as a             to their relationships.

4.                , the Norwegians were on the mountain two hours before anyone else.

5.I'm               going to get in touch with these people.

6. He had a good memory, and total            of her spoken words.

7.She then             from the courthouse to thank her supporters.

8.It was winter and the sparrows were             at whatever they could find.

9. I'm _________ going to get in touch with these people.

10. I have decided to _________from Formula One racing at the end of the season.

【答案】 HCAGE     BFDJK

V. 翻译完成句子

1. 这通常需要一天或两天，依大小而定。( typically)

2. 把庄稼与牲畜的放牧区分开至关重要。(essential)

3.他已表现出焦虑和忧心如焚的症状。(exhibit)

4.我们已经与那个博物馆建立了联系。（establish）

5.他记忆力很好，她当时说的话他全都记得起来。（recall）

【答案】

1.   It typically takes a day or two, depending on size.

2.It was absolutely essential to separate crops from the areas that animals used as pasture.

3.He has exhibited symptoms of anxiety and overwhelming worry.

4.We had already established contact with the museum.

5. He had a good memory, and total recall of her spoken words.

二、拓展提升

I、语法填空

When Noah Webster was young, he was a teacher. He disliked American elementary schools. They could be overcrowded, with up to seventy children of all ages___35____(crowd) into one-room schoolhouses. And he quickly became tired___36___the books he used in class. They were all about the English people and places. ___37___he wanted books that would be interesting to the American children, he wrote three books with many American examples. By 1785, he had written his speller, a grammar book and a reader for elementary schools.

    Webster worked hard to change the spellings of American English. He suggested words ___38___(spell) in the same way they were pronounced. He tried many ways to ask people to help him to do this. For example, one day he asked a boy in a printed shop to print words theatre, centre, colour, and labour as theater, center, color, and labor.

   With the money he made from his books, particularly his speller, Webster could start his great work on his famous dictionary, ___39___took him more than twenty years to finish. It also helped create the popular contests___40___(know) as “spelling bees”. And today, Webster’s dictionary is thought ___41___(be) the most important American English dictionary in the whole world. In a way, Webster dedicated his Speller and Dictionary to ___42___(provide) an intellectual foundation for American nationalism.

【答案】

25. crowding 考查非谓语的分词
26. of 短语搭配be tired of 对...感到厌烦
27. Since 表原因
28. spelled 过去分词表被动
29. which 非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事情
30. known 过去分词做定语 be known as
31. to be 不定式
32. providing 动词词组 dedicate...to doing

II、选词填空

  We are all familiar with planes, trains and automobiles, but what about transportation of a more unusual nature?

*Shanghai: Maglev Train

        Shanghai is ___43___on a list of the destinations that tourists would like to visit in China. Do you want to feel the fast pace of the city as soon as you arrive in Shanghai? The maglev train is ___44___ recommended! With the technological help of a German corporation, Shanghai Maglev train has been open to the public since 2003. It is the world’s first and only commercialized maglev train line in ___45___. It takes only eight minutes to run from Pudong International Airport to Longyang Road Subway Station. You will definitely be ___46___by the amazing speed of the train and start an exciting journey in Shanghai.

*Beijing: Tram and Trolleybus

        Trams and trolleybuses, part of Beijing’s public transportation, have experienced several changes in urban development. The earliest tram service in Beijing dates back to 1899. In the late 1950s they were ___47___by trackless trolleybuses that continued to ply(沿···定时运行）tram routes and draw ___48___from overhead wires. The extension of the trolleybus service stopped in the 1980s, but electric trolleybuses___49___ an important component(构成要素）of the public transit system in the city. In 2008, tram service returned to Beijing in the ___50___of a sightseeing bus on Qianmen Avenue.

*Guangzhou: Bus Rapid Transit (快速公交系统)

        Bus rapid transit (BRT) aims to use buses to provide a subway-like service and speed for commuters. However, it’s more than ten times cheaper than subway systems to build and operate, because there is no need to lay railway tracks. The Guangzhou BRT system started to operate in 2010. It handles about one million passengers’ trips daily, carrying people to the ___51___with a subway system of a bike-sharing network. As a matter of fact, the BRT system in Guangzhou is the first one in the world to establish a direct ___52___to subway stations.

【答案】

33. D 仍保留在
34. E 本空需填副词， 被强烈推荐
35. G 运营
36. H 这里要填过去分词，对上海磁悬浮列车惊人的速度印象深刻
37. I 在19世纪50年代后期，有轨电车被无轨电车所替代
38. B 从上方的电缆上取得电
39. K 仍然是一个重要的构成要素
40. A 以观光旅游车的形式回归北京
41. F 名词，带人们去有地铁的地方
42. J 代入空中，a direct connection to subway station 与地铁直接接驳

III、阅读理解

A

One day a man found a cocoon(茧) of a butterfly in the forest. He sat there for several hours and watched the butterfly. Suddenly a small opening appeared, and the butterfly struggled to force its body through that little hole. Then it seemed to stop making any progress. It appeared as if it had gotten as far as it could go no further. So the man decided to help the butterfly.

He took a pair of scissors and cut off the remaining bit of the cocoon so that the butterfly could come out easily. Much to his surprise, the butterfly got a swollen body but very small, weak wings when it came out of the cocoon.

The man continued to watch the butterfly because he expected that the body would grow smaller at any moment and the wings would enlarge and be able to support the body. But neither happened! In fact, the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling around with a swollen body and small wings. It was never able to fly.

The man was in his kindness, but he did not understand the nature rules. The struggle required for the butterfly to get through the tiny opening was God's way of forcing fluid (流体) from the body of the butterfly into its wings so that it would be ready for flight once it achieved its freedom from the cocoon.

Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our life. If God allowed us to go through our life without any difficulties, it would make us fail. We would not be as strong as we could have been. And we could never fly.

1．In the first paragraph the butterfly was ______.

A．flying in the forest. B．playing with the man.

C．busy making a cocoon for itself. D．trying to get out of the cocoon.

2．What would have happened to the butterfly without the man's help?

A．The butterfly would come out easily.

B．The butterfly could crawl on its wings.

C．The butterfly would have got to prepared to fly.

D．The butterfly would never gain its freedom.

3．What can we learn from the story?

A．Warm﹣hearted people are always around us.

B．Struggles are necessary in our life sometimes.

C．Helping others could make oneself happy.

D．Where there is a will, there is a way.

4．What is the best title for the story?

A．The struggle for freedom. B．A kind man.

C．The joy of helping a butterfly. D．A lucky butterfly.

【答案】1．D2．C3．B4．A

【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个人出于好心帮助正在破茧的蝴蝶破茧，却导致了蝴蝶不能飞翔的悲剧。告诉我们在人生中为自由的拼搏是不可缺少的，我们要有拼搏意识，否则永远不会飞。

1．细节理解题。根据第一段中the butterfly struggled to force its body through that little hole.可知蝴蝶正在努力破茧，故选 D。

2．推理判断题。第四段中the butterfly to get through the tiny opening was God's way of forcing fluid(流体)from the body of the butterfly into its wings so that it would be ready for flight once it achieved its freedom from the cocoon. 可知，蝴蝶从那个小洞里飞出来，这是上帝把蝴蝶体内的液体挤压到翅膀里的一种方法，这样当蝴蝶从茧里飞出来的时候，它就可以准备好飞翔了。蝴蝶破茧是长出翅膀的必经之路，由此判断出如果没有男人的帮助蝴蝶会通过小孔破茧长出翅膀，会飞向天空。故选 C。

3．细节理解题。由最后一段中Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our life. 可知拼搏在我们生活中是必要的，故选 B。

4．主旨大意题。讲述了一个人帮助正在破茧的蝴蝶破茧，却导致了蝴蝶不能飞翔的悲剧。通过故事得出的结论是：Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our life. If God allowed us to go through our life without any difficulties, it would make us fail. 为自由的拼搏在我们生活中是必要的，是成长的一部分。The struggle for freedom既指蝴蝶破茧争取自由，也指人类为自由的拼搏，适合作为标题。故选 A。

B

The Harvard Pre-College Program is a nice experience for high school students. Alongside peers(同辈)from around the world, you’ll be introduced to college life as you attend classes, live on campus, and enjoy fun outings and activities.

◆Learning without limits

Biology, physics, law, writing and philosophy — these are just a few of the 30-plus courses you can choose from in each session. In our noncredit classes, we set aside grades so that you can fully commit to your growth as a well-rounded student. Class sizes typically range from 14 to 18 students to encourage interactive learning.

◆Living at Harvard

When you attend the Pre-College Program, you’ll live in a historic undergraduate house, near Harvard Square. You will be with your fellow Pre-College students, resident directors, and proctors who provide support. You’ll also enjoy meals in one of Harvard’s dining halls, which are a short walk from Harvard Yard and provide many options for a variety of dietary needs.

◆Thriving outside the classroom

The summer Pre-College Program offers many mentally challenging co-curricular(补充课程的)activities beyond the classroom. With faculty and Harvard-affiliated experts, you will have the opportunity to participate in workshops on topics like the psychology of color-blindness, classic literature from around the world and science of happiness. From our Cambridge scavenger hunt to a trip to the Sand Sculpting Festival at America’s first public beach, there’s no shortage of fun activities in the Pre-College Program.

1. What do we know about the 30-plus courses?

A. You can only choose five of them.

B. They provide credits for students.

C. You should set aside other subjects.

D. They assist your full development.

2. Where can you enjoy meals during the program?

A. Near Harvard Square. B. Close to Harvard Yard.

C. In one of the workshops. D. In an undergraduate house.

3. What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To advertise meals. B. To comment on an activity.

C. To introduce a program. D. To recommend courses.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个针对高中生名为The Harvard Pre-College的项目，以及这个项目的具体食宿课程安排信息。

1.D 【解析】细节理解题。第二段第二句In our noncredit classes, we set aside grades so that you can fully commit to your growth as a well-rounded student.可知30-plus课程更够让你全身心地投入到你的成长中，成为一个全面发展的学生。即它们有助于你的全面发展。故选D。

2.B 【解析】细节理解题。第三段最后一句You’ll also enjoy meals in one of Harvard’s dining halls, which are a short walk from Harvard Yard and provide many options for a variety of dietary needs.可知你还可以在哈佛的一个餐厅用餐，这里离Harvard Yard很近，可以满足多种饮食需求。即你可以在靠近Harvard Yard的地方吃饭。故选B。

3.C.主旨大意题。根据文章第一句The Harvard Pre-College Program is a nice experience for high school students.以及文章主要内容为介绍The Harvard Pre-College项目可知，文章目的是为了介绍了一个项目。故选C。

IV、阅读六选四

Directions: Read fee passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A．So they have evolved sophisticated ways to cool themselves.

B．We can make these micro-structures into our own artificial processes.

C．It turns out that parts of butterflies' wings exploit a similar principle.

D. Such structures release warmth very efficiently, protecting the organs from overheating.

E. Along with its light weight, a butterfly-inspired cooling material might have another advantage.

F. Although far from a commercial application, such resulting material could eventually be used for purposes such as painting buildings.

Cool Butterfly Effect: Insect Equipment Could Inspire Heat-Radiating Tech

Devising better cooling materials has become a pressing issue as the climate warms, and some scientists are turning to nature for ideas. Small creatures with low body mass, such as insects, have to deal with the fact that they warm up much faster than large mammals. When butterflies land on tree branches in the sun, for example, their relatively large wings can overheat within seconds.

1．_______ Researchers have now uncovered these colorful insects' built-in cooling mechanisms.

Heat is generated by the vibration of molecules. The more molecules a material can expose on its surface, the more heat it can release in a process called radiative cooling. Those made of folded layers shaped like waves, for example, cool off much faster than solid objects because they have more exposed surface area. 2．_______ The wings themselves are complex systems that contain both living and nonliving structures, covered by various types of scales made of chitin—a rigid substance that is also found in some fungi(真菌). The researchers found that the scales covering these structures have different shapes that radiate heat in different ways. To decipher how these complex systems work, the team studied several types of butterflies

The scientists' work is ''remarkable'', says Aaswath Raman, a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. ''3．_______ Butterfly wings are extremely light, and the microstructures involved are extremely small and thin. So this discovery can inspire ways of getting rid of heat in very lightweight systems. ''

4．__________ It might work in a variety of colors. Many conventional buildings tend to be white because that it does not absorb heat. But painting too many things white does not look pleasing, says Qiaoqiang Gan, a photonics scientist. ''We still need a colorful world, '' Gan says, noting how vivid butterflies are in nature. ''Butterfly wings give us an example that colorful structures can also result in cooling. ''

【答案】1．A   2．C   3．B   4．E

【解析】这是一篇说明文。通过对蝴蝶散热机制的研究，一种质轻、色彩多样的散热材料有可能面世。

1．上文When butterflies land on tree branches in the sun, for example, their relatively large wings can overheat within seconds.(当蝴蝶在阳光下落在树枝上时，它们相对过大的翅膀会在几秒钟内过热)与 A. So they have evolved sophisticated ways to cool themselves.(因此，它们已经进化出了复杂的方法来给自己降温)承接自然，上下文是明显的因果关系，cool和overheat是关键词，故选A项。

2．上文Those made of folded layers shaped like waves, for example, cool off much faster than solid objects because they have more exposed surface area.(例如，那些由折叠形成波浪状层组成的物体比固体冷却得快得多，因为它们有更多可以暴露的表面)与 C. It turns out that parts of butterflies' wings exploit a similar principle.(事实证明，蝴蝶翅膀的某些部分利用了类似的原理)承接自然，选项里的a similar principle就是指上文提到的原理，故选C项。

3．下文Butterfly wings are extremely light, and the microstructures involved are extremely small and thin.(蝴蝶的翅膀非常轻，所涉及的微观结构非常小和薄) 与B. We can make these microstructures into our own artificial processes.(我们可以把这些微观结构变成我们自己的人工过程)承接自然，microstructure是关键词，故选B项。

4．下文It might work in a variety of colors.(它可能有多种颜色)与F. Along with its light weight, a butterfly-inspired cooling material might have another advantage.(除了质轻之外，一种由蝴蝶启发的冷却材料可能还有另外一个有点)承接自然，选项中的another advantage就是指下文提到的“有多种颜色”，故选E项。

V、Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1. 美国人都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。(As)

As is known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.  

2. 李明迟到了，这件事使张先生非常生气。(which)

Li Ming was late, which (=and this) made Mr. Zhang very angry. 

3. 我相信你会在英语方面取得显著的进步。(convince)

I am convinced that you will make remarkable progress in English.

4. Tom在书房全神贯注做作业, 妈妈在厨房做饭。(while)

Tom is focusing on his homework in the study while his mother is cooking in the kitchen.

【详解】考查连词while、现在进行时和词组。分析句子可知，这里while当作连词使用，表示两个动作同时在进行。while做连词，位置比较灵活，可置于句首或句中。表“全神贯注”用focus on或者concentrate on。“做饭”用cook。现在进行时的基本构成为am/is/are+doing。Tom和his mother都是第三人称单数。故翻译为Tom is focusing on his homework in the study while his mother is cooking in the kitchen.

5. 令我们宽慰的是，外科手术之后他接受了很好的护理, 因此很快恢复了健康。（relief）

To our relief, after the surgery, he got good treatment, so he recovered health soon.