初中英语外研版 (新标准)九年级上册Unit 2 We have celebrated the festival since the first pioneers arrived in America

Unit 2 We have celebrated the festival since the first pioneers arrived in America.

【教材分析】

Unit 2 通过读、写训练，学习描述节日。该单元共设计了6个活动。其中活动1要求学生描述所给图片。活动2-4要求学生阅读介绍感恩节的短文，完成表格和选词填空两个练习。活动5-6要求根据范文写出关于节日的文章。

一、教学目标：

        Knowledge objective

理解和运用单词和短语among, speech, pioneer, grow, following, lay, over, dish, ourselves, lay the table, make a speech, as well, plenty of, enjoy oneself, at the beginning。

        Ability objective

能够运用巩固由while ,when, before，as soon as, until等连接的时间状语从句；能读懂介绍节日的文章，并准确理解文章各段落的主旨。

        Moral objective

通过学习，了解中外的重要节日，知道其节日的来历和庆祝方式，理解其背后的文化内涵，加深对中外节日文化的理解，增进对祖国传统文化的热爱。

二、教学方法

PWP method, task-based method, Top-down approach

三、读前导入

Warming-up

利用一些感恩节的图片或者视频导入新课，和学生们谈论感恩节的一些活动。

四、教学过程

Step 1 Lead-in

1. Work in pairs. Talk about the picture.

2. 列出本语篇重要单词，领读这些单词，让学生们尽力熟悉并记住它们。

Step 2 Pre-reading

Read the passage and match the headings with the paragraphs.

a) A special dinner                      □

b) An American festival                  □

c) The history of the festival               □

d) Things to do during the festival          □

教师带领学生浏览四个标题，学生快速阅读课文各个段落，明确主旨，进行匹配。

Step 3 Reading

1. Scanning (略读)

读课文，判断正(T)误(F)。

(1) Thanksgiving is an English festival. ( F)

(2) We have celebrated the festival since the first pioneers arrived. (T )

(3) Thanksgiving is the start of the Christmas season. (T )

2. Extensive reading（精读）

细读第二、三、四段短文，回答问题。

(1) Who taught the pioneers to grow corn?

   ____ The local people, the Native Americans._______

(2) How did they celebrate together the following year?

   ____By eating a dinner of the new food.__________

(3) Why did people celebrate the festival?

   __Because they give thanks for the food.________

(4) What do we often do after dinner?

   _We often talk a lot and tell stories.___________

(5) What special things do people in New York do on Thanksgiving Day?

   We go to watch the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade, start shopping for presents, watch the football games on television and enjoy ourselves._____________

三读短文，完成表格。

Complete the table

Careful reading

Read Paragraph1 and answer.

1. Thanksgiving Day is  a(an) _____ festival.

     A. English    B. American  C. Chinese

2. People have a special dinner with their family and friends.    (yes or no)

3. What do people do before dinner?

Read Paragraph2 and choose the best answer.

People started celebrating the thanksgiving_____ .

      A. in the sixteenth century             B. in the seventeenth century

2.  While they're crossing the Atlantic,  ______

      A. people have great fun .     B. many people died.                  

3.  They lived a ________ life in their first winter.

       A .  happy       B. hard

4.  What happened in the following year?

      A. People celebrated together.

      B. People had a great party.

Read Paragraph2 and retell.

Why do people start to celebrate Thanksgiving Day?

the first pioneers from England/ arrived /in the 17th century;

cross the Atlantic/ died;

after they landed/ lived a very hard life;

the local people/ taught

the following year/celebrate …

Read Paragraph 3 and complete the chart

Read Paragraph 3 and complete the chart

1. The traffic is not busy during the festival.  (Yes or No)

2. Thanksgiving is the start of  ______

     A. Christmas   B. New year   C. Independence Day

3. What does the writer usually do on Thanksgiving Day?

     A. play football 

     B. watch the games on TV 

    C. go shopping

四读短文，完成句子。

Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.

The first (1) ______crossed the Atlantic and arrived in America in the seventeenth century. At the beginning, they did not have enough food⑧. The Native Americans taught them how to grow (2) ______. They soon had (3) ______to eat. Today, people living in the US remember the Native Americans and the pioneers at Thanksgiving. This festival is celebrated with a meal (4) ______ family and friends. Everyone helps (5) ______ the table. After the meal, they help wash the (6) ______.

学生小组内两人一组交流，核对答案。

Step 4 Consolidation

1. 在小组内再读课文，明确重难点，把含有since, while, when的句子画出来，谈论他们的用法。

2. 小组内合作解决不懂的地方，再有疑难，小组间共同解决，教师适时点拨。

Step 5 Language points

（一）对重点内容和疑难问题进行合作探究学习。

1. It is a time for a special dinner among family and friends. 这是家人和朋友共享特殊晚餐的时间。

among作介词，意为“在……之间”。

e.g. She was sitting among a group of children, telling them a story. 她正坐在一群孩子中间讲故事。

【辨析】among与between

e.g. They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲在树林中。

There was a fight between the two boys. 这两个孩子打过一次架。

【助记】

       between           among

2. People make short speeches and give thanks for their food. 人们作简短致辞，为食物而感恩。

(1) speech作可数名词，意为“演讲；演说”。make speeches / a speech“做演讲”，相当于give speeches / a speech。

e.g. His speech was cheered by the audience. 他的演说博得听众的喝彩。

The headmaster made a short speech at the meeting. 校长在会上做了个简短的演讲。

(2) give thanks for (doing) sth. to sb. “因（做了）某事而感谢某人”，此短语相当于thank sb. for (doing) sth.。

e.g. I would like to give thanks for helping me do homework to Mary. = I would like to thank Mary for helping me do homework. 我想要谢谢玛丽，因为她帮助我做家庭作业。

3.We have celebrated the festival since the first pioneers from England arrived in America by ship in the seventeenth century.

1. Uncle Li has worked in the factory since 2000.

2. Mike’s parents have been in the south since two years ago.

3. The Smiths have worked there since they moved to the city.

4. Tina has lived in Beijing since she came to China.

5. It is more than two years since our family moved to Zhengzhou.

6. It has been three weeks since we won the football game.

since 表示“自从……”，常与完成时连用。

（1） 通过观察例句1和2, 我们可以发现: since可以作_______(介词 / 连词), 其后常接表示某一时间点的单词或短语, 并且其谓语动词必须是延续性动词, 多用于_________时态。

（2） 通过观察例句3—6, 我们可以发现: since可以作______ (介词 /连词), 引导时间状语从句, 其主句通常用现在完成时态, 从句用_________时态。当主句中含有静态意义的动词, 特别是含有be动词时, 常使用一般现在时态, 既可使用句型“It ___ + 时间段 +  since + 从句”, 也可以使用“It _________ + 时间段 +  since + 从句”来表达。

4.While they were crossing the Atlantic,  many people died, and after they landed, their first winter was worse than any English winter.

after在句中引导时间状语从句，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。

e.g. After we had finished the work, we went home.

       完成工作之后，我们就回家了。

5. The following year they celebrated together by eating a dinner of the new food. 第二年，他们聚在一起品尝新收获的食物，一起欢庆（丰收）。

by eating a dinner of the new food在句中作方式状语, 表示“以聚餐品尝新食物的方式(来庆祝)”。by doing sth.常用来表示“以某种行为方式……”。

by介词，意为“通过……手段和方法”，后面接名词、代词、动词-ing等，对该短语提问用how。

e.g. They learn English by listening to the radio. 他们通过听广播学英语。

6. We lay the table.我们通常摆放餐桌。

lay the table“摆放餐桌”。lay作动词，意为“摆放(餐桌)”，过去式和过去分词为laid，此外lay还有“放置；下蛋；产卵”之意。

e.g. It’s time for supper. Please lay the table well. 该吃晚饭了，请摆好餐具。

【助记】lie, lay的过去式和过去分词

lie（躺、放）, lay, lain, stay in bed again;

lie（撒谎）, lied, lied, don’t be a liar（说谎者）;

lay（下蛋、产卵）, laid, laid, a hen laid an egg.

7. We usually eat too much, but it is only once a year! 我们通常会吃太多，但是这仅仅是一年一次!

【辨析】too much, too many和much too

e.g. The students were much too tired after they finished too much homework. 学生们太累了，在他们完成太多的家庭作业之后。

The dentist told the boy not to eat too many sweets. 牙医告诉男孩子不要去吃太多的糖。

8. 小组自我补充

9. 学生自主完成这些重点与难点。

（二）自主完成后，小组合作，交流学习成果，共同释疑。

（三）让学生朗读以上重点知识。

Step 6 Writing

1. 教师引导学生归纳与节日有关的短语和句型，如：share with, get together, celebrate, bring good luck, decorate, have a party, have a big dinner…

2. Think about an unforgettable festival you have enjoyed. Answer the questions.

1) What was it?

2) When was it?

3) Who did you spend it with?

4) How did you spend it?

5) Will you remember it for long? Why?

在小组内谈论，两人一组问答，然后部分小组展示，教师给予评价。

3. Write a passage about the festival. Use your answers in Activity 5 to help you.

An unforgettable festival for me was National Day last year….

学生独立写作。两人一组互评，根据同伴的意见修改短文，完成写作，并在教室内展示。

4. Learning to learn

When you write about important events, such as festivals, you can write what the festival is, when it is, why it is important, what you do, who you spend it with, and what special food you eat.

如何学习

在描写重要事件时，例如节日，你可以写：这个节日是什么，它发生在何时，它为何重要，你做了些什么，你与谁共度，你吃过哪些特殊的食物。

能够从叙述时间、事件、人物、特色饮食等方面入手，写一篇介绍节日的短文。

Step 7 Practice

Step 8 Summary & Homework

Summary: In this class, we have learned some words and phrases: among, speech, pioneer, grow, following, lay, over, dish, ourselves, lay the table, make a speech, as well, plenty of, enjoy oneself, at the beginning. (教师和学生一起诵读)

Homework：Write a passage about Thanksgiving.