高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 5 Into the unknown学案

Unit 5 Into the unknown

阅读教材P56－57课文，选出最佳选项

1．Which one can not benefit from the exploration of the oceans according to the passage?

A．The discovery of natural resources.

B．Trade and economy.

C．Biological discoveries.

D．Archaeological discoveries.

2．Which one do you think make China become the world's top ocean explorer?

A．China's discovery of an ice­like substance.

B．The discovery of bone­white coral.

C．The Jiaolong holds the record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine.

D．China's cooperation with other countries.

[答案]　1－2　BC

Words and Phrases

　check out调查，检查，核实； 结账离开(旅馆等)

[教材P54]　So while you may be tempted to check out a strange object or to test the waters of a new situation，it can be safer to steer clear of the unfamiliar.

所以，当你想要查看一个陌生的东西或尝试一个新环境时，避开不熟悉的东西会更安全。

[例1]　 This photocopy machine is not working properly. Could you check out the problem?

这台复印机不正常工作了，你检查一下好吗？

[例2]　Check out how many key skills you already have and find out which ones you might need to develop!

核实你已经具备了多少关键技能，并找出哪些是你需要提升的吧！

[造句]　或许我们应该去趟图书馆，查个明白。

Maybe we ought to go down to the library and check it out.

[即学即练]　完成句子

①We've checked in(登记入住)at the hotel.

②Guests should check out (结账离开) of their rooms by noon.

③Check over/through(仔细检查) your work for mistakes.

　set out 出发，动身；陈述，阐明

[教材P54]　In more recent times, Norwegian explorer, Roald Amundsen endured one of the most hostile environments on Earth when he set out into uncharted territory to reach the South Pole.

在最近一段时间里，挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森经历了地球上最恶劣的环境之一，他踏进了未知的区域，去往南极。

[例1]　When setting out on a long walk, always wear suitable shoes.

当出发进行长途步行时，一定要穿合适的鞋子。

[例2]　We set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.

我们开始着手粉刷整幢房子，可是那天只完成了前面的部分。

[造句]　他已经实现了他3年前的奋斗目标。

He has achieved what he set out to do 3 years ago.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换

①The luxury liner(豪华客轮)Titanic set sail for the west coast of the Atlantic in cheers, but eventually ended up on the bottom of the ocean.

②Ralph W. Emerson would always set down new ideas that occurred to him.

③The police set out to rescue (rescue)the people buried in the ruins.

④The ship will set sail(启航)at once and its destination is Paris.

⑤I wanted to set off/set out(出发) early in order to avoid the traffic.

⑥We set about preparing for(开始准备)the party one week ago.

⑦Our teachers advise setting aside(省出来) a certain hour each day for reading.

⑧On arriving home, I set about doing my homework.

→On arriving home, I set out to do my homework.

　if any 如果有的话

[教材P56]　Today，some 500 years after the Esmeralda set sail，there is little－if any－land on our planet left  unexplored.

今天，在“埃斯梅拉达号”启航大约500年后，我们的星球上几乎没有未经探索的陆地了。

[例1]　What one quality，if any，do you like the most about your partner?

你最喜欢你伴侣的哪一点，假如有的话？

[例2]　Problems，if any，should be solved without delay.

有问题要及时解决。

[造句]　就算有困难，也不会太大。

There won't be much difficulty，if any.

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①I think there is a train at midday.If not，you will have to wait till 5 pm.

②It is said that she was admitted to a famous university in 2018.If so，I am really proud of her.

　lie v．躺；平躺；平卧；平放；处于，保留，保持(某种状态)n.谎言；位置

[教材P56]　Fragments of the past lying deep beneath the oceans are still waiting to be discovered.

过去的碎片深埋在海底，仍等待着被发现。

[例1]　I should lie down for a bit，if I were you.

如果我是你，我就会躺一会儿。

[例2]　Why don't you go upstairs and lie down for a bit?

你为什么不上楼去躺一会儿呢？

[造句]　他正躺在树荫下，想着下一步做什么。

He was lying in the shade of a tree，thinking what to do next.

[明辨异同]　lie/lay

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying (lie)across the middle.

②Don't tell a lie (lie) any more，or most people will lose faith in you.

③In fact，the key to easy morning wake­up lies in resetting your body clock.

④The boy lying in the bed lied that he had laid the book on the bookshelf，but in fact he kept it for himself.(lie/lay)

　imagine v．想象；认为

[教材P57]　Imagine bone­white coral 6，000 metres below the ocean's surface，growing at the rate of only one or two millimetres per year.

想象一下，在海平面以下6，000米处的白骨珊瑚，以每年只有一两毫米的速度生长。

[例1]　He could not imagine a more peaceful scene.

他想象不出比这更祥和的景象。

[例2]　She couldn't imagine living in a place like that.

她无法想象住在那样一个地方。

[造句]　你能想象生活中没有电是什么样的情景吗？

Can you imagine what it would be like to live without electricity?

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换

①Can you imagine the man living (live)on a lonely island for three years?

②I never knew my grandmother，but I always imagine her as a kind and gentle person.

③The student would tell something wildly imaginative(imagine) flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.

④I did not imagine it would be so difficult.

→It was so difficult that it was beyond my imagination．

篇章结构题

此类题目能全面地、深层次地考查考生的阅读理解能力。

解题技巧——把脉络看结构

篇章结构题主要是针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的展开层次所设置的问题。高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次：一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构；二是按写作手法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。设问形式常有：

(1)Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?

(2)Which of the following shows the organization/structure of the (whole) passage?

因此这类题的解题方法也分为两种：

注意：

1．文章的段落组织通常采用“总—分；分—总；总—分—总”的框架。

2．内容的展开则常用以下手法：

(1)时间顺序：按时间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展情况。

(2)空间顺序：按照事物的空间结构顺序进行描写或说明。

(3)例证关系：所列举的事物用来论证观点，通常是数据、事例等。

(4)对比或类比关系：这类文章通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主。

[典例]　

Careers in zoology are extremely varied and unique，and can provide incredible learning and work opportunities for anyone devoted to animal studies and welfare.Zoology，or the study of animals，is a wide field with many specialties，including research，conservation，veterinary(兽医的) medicine，and the care of animals.For people with a love of animals and some training，dreams of careers in zoology may come true.

Some careers in zoology focus on research and scientific studies.These careers may allow those with a good theoretical science background to develop and run studies that improve human understanding of the animal world.Research in zoology can help create safer and more effective products for animals or can teach humans more about animal behavior in order to aid in conservation，breeding programs，and habitat preservation.

Careers in zoology that focus on conservation attach great importance to the continued survival and increased protection of animal species.Conservationists may work with political groups or governments to help make laws to protect and preserve animals，or may work in the field gathering information on potential threats to the health of global ecosystems.Some conservationists work in educational fields，trying to improve human efforts to save animals from extinction.

Animals are subject to illness and injury，and some careers in zoology help to create a safe，stable animal population.Veterinary medicine is an important specialty field，and may take several years of intensive training to qualify as a certified veterinarian.While many veterinarians focus on the small­animal practice of domestic pets，vets in rural areas often work with large farm animals and more adventurous veterinarians may work with exotic species in zoos and wildlife preserves.

Humans love to observe animals，and modern­day zoos and wildlife preserves help meet that interest while providing facilities to assist with conservation programs.Zoology careers in zoos can range from overseeing breeding programs，to creating the proper diet for a deer，or to cleaning the tiger's cage.Many volunteer and entry­level jobs are available for people that love animals.

★Which of the following shows the structure of the whole passage?

(P1＝Paragraph 1；P2＝Paragraph 2；P3＝Paragraph 3；P4＝Paragraph 4；P5＝Paragraph 5)

A　[通读全文，把握各段大意可知：第一段介绍了动物学方面的职业是多样而独特的，是总述。第二段从研究方面介绍；第三段介绍了自然保护的动物学工作；第四段是兽医学可以保护动物健康的介绍；第五段讲述了现代的动物园和野生动物保护区既有助于满足人们的兴趣，又提供了一些设施来帮助保护动物。分析每一段的关系发现：后面四个段落从不同的角度对第一段进行了分述，所以这篇文章是“总—分”结构，A项图例符合文章结构。故选A。]

[对点训练]　

A

Antarctic animals are exposed to some of the coldest environments on earth.Animals survive in these severe conditions by reducing the percentage of body heat that is lost to the environment.

Many Antarctic animals have either a windproof or waterproof coat.Emperor penguins are a very good example of this.These birds have four layers of scale­like feathers.These layers overlap each other，forming a good protection from the wind，even in snowstorm conditions.

Whales，seals and some penguins have thick fat layers.This is a little like covering yourself in a blanket，but on the inside.In some animals this is even further improved，with the animals selectively able to reduce the blood flow to the fat layers.The further the blood is from the skin surface，the less the heat is lost.Fat layers can also be used as energy reserves，for example，male elephant seals can live off their fat reserves during summer.

The term “extremities” is used to mean any body part that is furthest away from the main body.In humans，our hands and feet count as “extremities”．These are often the first places to feel cold in winter.The same applies to animals.Emperor penguins have very small bills(喙) and feet，which means less blood is required to these areas.

Emperor penguins are highly adapted to cold environments—and as the only warm­blooded animal that produces young penguins during the Antarctic winter，they need to be.In addition to the adaptation described above，emperor penguins also have noses which recover much of the heat lost through breathing.

As with the physical means，emperor penguins have unique behavioral adaptation that enables them to survive the unkind winter.Emperor penguins form large huddles(挤在一起的一群人或东西)．Not only does this share body warmth，but it also shelters many of the penguins from the effects of the wind.Huddling can reduce heat loss by up to 50%.

★Which shows the development of ideas in the passage?

I：Introduction　　　 　　　　P：Point

Sp：Sub­point(次要点)　　　　C：Conclusion

B　[篇章结构题。第一段是文章的主旨段并引出下文(Introduction)，南极动物通过减少身体热量损失在严寒中生存。下文分为两个要点，即身体上的适应手段physical adaptation(Point 1)和行为上的适应手段behavioral adaptation(Point 2)。第二至五段是Point 1的四个次要点，介绍四种身体上的适应手段——windproof or waterproof coats，thick fat layers，small extremities，emperor penguins' noses；第六段就是Point 2。故选B项。]

B

There is always no lack of ordinary people taking action for extraordinary change.Aghan Oscar is just among them.Thirteen years ago，Aghan，bothered by the ever­increasing quantity of plastic waste in this low­income suburb of Nairobi，decided to find a way to recycle it.

Now his company，Continental Renewable Energy Co.Ltd (COREC)，produces poles for use in construction，farming and road signs.So far he has sold 96，000，and he says his potential for growth is limited only by the considerable expense of setting up plastic recycling plants.

Most of Aghan's customers are farmers and developers who once used wooden fence poles.Customers say they have other benefits as well.“I have fenced my piece of land three times using wood posts，but most of the time the fence was vandalized(故意破坏) by villagers who used the posts as firewood，” said Caleb Kapten.“Now plastic posts have stopped the problem”，he said.

The Kenya National Highways Authority is one of COREC's biggest customers.It approached the company after road signs were vandalized by criminals who sold the metal poles to steel manufacturing companies.Aghan reckons(估计) that COREC's products have saved the government millions of shillings，besides preventing road accidents.And he also points out that COREC has been able to conserve large numbers of trees by producing plastic poles.

When Aghan started this recycling business in 2003，most of his employees were his family members due to financial constraints(限制)．Now he employs 250 young people to collect plastic waste.Fifty more youths work on the production line，where the waste is sorted according to quality before being crushed and washed，melted and cast into different shapes.The poles are then arranged by shape and size for sale in the yard of the recycling plant.

★Which best shows the structure of the text?

D　[篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段属于主旨段，引出本文的话题；第二段讲的是Aghan创办了自己的公司，生产用于建筑、农业和路标的塑料杆儿；第三段和第四段分别介绍塑料杆儿在农业和交通领域的应用，属于对第二段内容的扩展；第五段主要介绍这种塑料杆儿的生产过程，与第二段是并列关系。故选D。]