高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 5 Into the unknown教课内容ppt课件

名师圈点

①mystery n．谜

②intrigue v．(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心

③civilisation n．文明(社会)

④from a very young age 从很小的时候

⑤make an incredible discovery得到了一个不可思议的发现

⑥correspond to与……一致

correspond with sb.通信

⑦based on以……为基础

⑧bury v．埋住，覆盖

buried deep in the jungle掩埋在丛林深处

⑨dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定

⑩extend v．延伸；绵延

⑪be surrounded by 被围绕

⑫impressive adj.给人印象深刻的

⑬pyramid n．金字塔

⑭astronomy n．天文学

⑮apply...to把……运用……

⑯on top of 在……上面；除……之外

⑰represent v．代表；象征

⑱complicated adj.复杂的

⑲so...that...如此……以至于……

⑳so far 到目前为止

㉑mysterious adj.神秘的，难以解释的

㉒abandon v．离弃，逃离

㉓at one's peak 在……的顶峰

㉔a couple of generations几代人

㉕decline v．下降；衰落

㉖claim v．抢夺；索取

㉗indicate v．暗示；表明

㉘play a part in在……起作用

㉙downfall n．衰败

㉚turn...into把……变成

㉛canal n．运河

㉜construction n．建设

under construction正在建设

㉝deal with处理；应付

㉞lead to引起；导致

㉟tropical adj.来自热带的；产于热带的

㊱cyclone n．气旋；旋风

㊲be likely to很可能

㊳a series of 一系列

㊴megadrought n．超级干旱

㊵at different rates以不同的速度

㊶food shortages 食物缺乏

㊷ultimately adv.最终；终于

㊸once­great adj.曾经伟大的

㊹ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟

fall into ruin(因无人照料而)衰落，败落

㊺meanwhile adv.与此同时

㊻the rise and fall of……的兴衰

㊼think about 想起；思考

原文呈现

The Mysteries① of THE MAYA

Intrigued② by Maya civilisation③ from a very young age④， 15­year­old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery⑤ from his study of ancient star charts.[1] Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to⑥ the positions of the stars.Based on⑦ this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried⑧ deep in the jungle.Although his theory has been dismissed⑨ by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.[2]

[1]intrigued by...是过去分词短语作原因状语，thought后是省略了that的宾语从句。

[2]Although引导让步状语从句，how引导宾语从句。

It isn't difficult to see why.Extending⑩ south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America, Maya civilisation has been surrounded by⑪ mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.The Maya built impressive⑫ palaces and temples，including their representative step pyramids⑬.What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. [3] The Maya's understanding of mathematics and astronomy⑭ was also quite amazing.They applied this understanding to⑯ the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.[4] On top of⑯ all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system.It contained more than 800 characters, with some signs representing⑰ animals, people and objects and others representing syllables.It was a writing system so complicated⑱ that⑲， so far⑳， no one has been able to interpret it completely.

[3]What引导主语从句，how引导表语从句。

[4]which引导非限制性定语从句。

The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious㉑.But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon㉒ most of their great cities. [5] By 700 AD, Maya civilisation was at its peak㉓.Yet, within just a couple of generations㉔, it began to mysteriously decline㉕.The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle.When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim㉖ its riches, the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements. [6]

[5]what引导表语从句。

[6]When引导时间状语从句。

Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.Was it a natural disaster? A deadly disease? Conflicts between cities? Or was it a combination of several different factors? Some research seems to indicate㉗ that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in㉘ their downfall㉙. [7] They had turned wetlands into㉚ fields for growing grains, and had dug huge canal㉛ systems.As their population expanded, yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction㉜.By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with㉝ natural disasters.

[7]that引导宾语从句。

Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to㉞ the decline of the Maya.Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical㉟ cyclones㊱ than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD.This is likely to㊲ have led to a series of㊳ droughts, each lasting for a couple of years, including a “megadrought㊴” around 900 AD. [8] Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates㊵ in different places. [9] These droughts would have led to food shortages㊶, conflicts and, ultimately㊷, the downfall of the cities.

[8]each lasting是代词＋动词­ing构成的独立主格结构。

[9] that引导宾语从句，why引导定语从句。

Whatever the reasons, Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle. [10] Its once­great㊸ cities fell into ruin㊹, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.Meanwhile㊺, the rise and fall of㊻ this civilisation must also leave us thinking about㊼ our own past, present and future. [11]

[10]Whatever引导让步状语从句。

[11]leave us thinking about...为“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。

译文参考

玛雅之谜

15岁的加拿大男孩威廉·甘德瑞从很小的时候就对玛雅文明感兴趣，他认为自己在研究古代星图时得到了一个不可思议的发现。通过比较，他发现已知的117个玛雅城市的位置与恒星的位置相对应。基于这一点，他认为他发现了一个掩埋在丛林深处的未知的玛雅城市。虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是多么有影响力。

不难看出其中的原因。从我们现在所知的墨西哥的一部分向南延伸到中美洲，自19世纪被重新发现以来，玛雅文明一直被神秘所笼罩。玛雅人建造了令人印象深刻的宫殿和寺庙，包括他们代表性的阶梯金字塔。这些复杂建筑的最不寻常之处是它们如何在不使用轮子、金属工具甚至动物运输的情况下建成的。玛雅人对数学和天文学的理解也相当惊人。他们把这种理解运用到玛雅历法中，它能精确到每年的误差在30秒之内。除了这些以外，当时美洲还有一个独一无二的成就：一个真正的文字系统。它包含800多个字符，其中一些代表动物、人和物体，另一些则代表音节。它是一个如此复杂的文字系统；以至于到目前为止还没有人能够完全破解它。

玛雅社会在技术上是原始的这个事实使得它的成就更加不可思议和神秘莫测。但最神秘的是什么导致玛雅人离弃了他们大部分伟大的城市。到公元700年，玛雅文明达到顶峰。然而，在短短几代人的时间里，它开始神秘地衰落。这些城市变成了丛林。当欧洲人在16世纪初来到中美洲来索要其财富时，剩余的玛雅人就住在小定居点里。

玛雅文明为何衰落仍然是个谜。是自然灾害导致的吗？是一种致命的疾病导致的吗？还是城市之间的冲突造成的？或者它是几个不同因素的组合造成的？一些研究似乎表明玛雅人本身可能在他们的衰落中起了作用。他们把湿地变成了种植谷物的田地，并挖出了巨大的运河系统。然而，随着人口的增加，农业需要更多的土地，建筑需要更多的树木。通过这种方式改变景观，玛雅人有可能在不知不觉中降低了应付自然灾害的能力。

研究还表明，这些自然灾害可能导致玛雅的衰落。最近的一些研究发现，在公元700年到公元1000年之间，热带气旋的数量远远少于往年。这很可能导致了一系列的干旱，每一次都持续几年，其中包括大约公元900年的一次“超级干旱”。为什么玛雅文明在不同的地方开始以不同的速度崩溃，许多科学家认为这些干旱是主要原因。这些干旱将导致粮食短缺、社会冲突，并最终导致城市的崩溃。

不管是什么原因，玛雅文明基本上消失在丛林深处。它的曾经伟大的城市都变成了废墟，留下了各种谜团让后人去解开。与此同时，这个文明的兴衰也必定让我们思考我们自己的过去、现在和未来。