突破01 简单句式奠定写作基础(解析版)-备战2022年新高考英语写作三合一突破

备战2022年新高考英语写作三合一突破突破01 简单句式奠定写作基础【技法演练】1. 主谓(SV): 主语+谓语(不及物动词)此句式用来表达主语的动作或状态。其特点是句子的谓语动词为不及物动词, 本身能表达完整的意思, 可以根据意思表达的需要添加副词、介词短语、状语从句等。【经典示例】①The big day has finally arrived. 大日子终于到来了。②With butterflies in my stomach,  I breathed deeply. 由于紧张, 我深呼了一口气。【技法强化】①上午七点钟, 我们从学校大门口出发。                                            ②几分钟后, 那只黑熊回来了。                                            2. 主系表(SVP): 主语+系动词+表语此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样, 其中谓语动词需用系动词, 表语多是形容词, 也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式或动名词等。【经典示例】①The campus was still very quiet when I arrived. 当我到达时, 校园还很安静。②Thinking is more important than note-taking and memorizing. 思考比记笔记和记忆更重要。【技法强化】①这次比赛的目的是鼓励我们学生多关注身体锻炼。                                            ②我的英语老师对我们既严格又有爱心。                                            3. 主谓宾(SVO): 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语此句式的特点为谓语动词均为及物动词, 其后必须接一个宾语, 即动作的承受者, 才能表达完整的意思。宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词或不定式、宾语从句等。【经典示例】① You will have two options for your future. 你的未来可以有两种选择。②I have decided not to go to university. 我已经决定不去上大学。【技法强化】①我们的表演需要您的指导。                                             ②中国拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化。                                            4. 主谓宾宾(SVOO): 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾此句式中的谓语动词必须接两个宾语才能表达完整意思, 其中一个是表示人的间接宾语, 另一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般情况下间接宾语在前, 直接宾语在后。【经典示例】①Give your friends a hand when they need it.  当朋友需要帮助时, 就伸出你的援手。②Why did she send me a wrong message?  为什么她给我发错误的信息呢? 【技法强化】①她表扬了约翰的提议并给他提供了一些建议。                                            ②自从我们上高中以来, 他一直教我们英语。                                            5. 主谓宾补(SVOC): 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语此句式中的谓语动词虽然是及物动词, 但只接一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须再加一个成分对宾语进行补充说明才能使句子意思完整。宾语补足语可以由名词、动词、形容词、副词、动词-ing、动词不定式或动词的过去分词等充当。【经典示例】①Although I was embarrassed,  his words made me a lot more relaxed. 尽管我很尴尬, 但是他的话让我放松多了。②Challenges like this might sometimes put you under pressure. 像这样的挑战有时可能会给你带来压力。【技法强化】①我们决定以优秀同学为榜样, 让我们自己对整个社会更有用。                                            ②最后, 那头熊在篱笆上撕了个洞, 把头伸了进来。                                            6. There be 句型There be 句型用来表达某处存在某人或某物, 其基本结构是“There be +主语”, 动词be的人称和数要和后面的主语保持一致。【经典示例】①There are many similar cities and towns in China. 在中国有许多类似的城镇。②Is there anything else in particular that you would like to share with us? 还有其他特别的你愿意和我们分享的吗? 【技法强化】①在我们周围有许多值得尊重的人。                                            ②有一条小河流经这家农场。                                            【语篇整合】根据所给信息补全短文, 注意句式结构的使用。The person I respect　　                                              (我们周围有许多值得尊重的人) They may be our teachers,  parents or one of our elders.  As for me,  my father is the person I respect most.                                               (我的父亲是一位非常热爱他的工作和学生的老师).                                               (他每天努力工作) but he will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work.   　　When I come across the problems of learning in my study,  my father will listen to me patiently                                             (并鼓励我勇敢地克服困难).  He achieved a lot in his work,  respected by his students.  So,  in my mind my father is the person I respect most and                                             (我深深地爱着他).   参考答案【技法演练】1. ①上午七点钟, 我们从学校大门口出发。At 7 a. m.  we started at the school gate.  ②几分钟后, 那只黑熊回来了。A few minutes later,  the black bear came back.  2. ①这次比赛的目的是鼓励我们学生多关注身体锻炼。The purpose of this race was to inspire us students to pay more attention to physical exercise.  ②我的英语老师对我们既严格又有爱心。My English teacher is both strict with us and full of love for us.   3. ①我们的表演需要您的指导。We need your guidance on our performance.  ②中国拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化。China enjoys a long history and rich culture.  4. ①她表扬了约翰的提议并给他提供了一些建议。She praised John for his proposal,  and offered him some advice.  ②自从我们上高中以来, 他一直教我们英语。He has been teaching us English since we entered senior high school.  5.①我们决定以优秀同学为榜样, 让我们自己对整个社会更有用。We are determined to follow the examples of our excellent schoolmates and make ourselves useful to the whole society.  ②最后, 那头熊在篱笆上撕了个洞, 把头伸了进来。At last,  the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.  6.①在我们周围有许多值得尊重的人。There are many respectable people around us.  ②有一条小河流经这家农场。There is a small river flowing through the farm.  【语篇整合】The person I respect　　There are many respectable people around us. (我们周围有许多值得尊重的人) They may be our teachers,  parents or one of our elders.  As for me,  my father is the person I respect most.  My father is a teacher who loves his work and his students very much (我的父亲是一位非常热爱他的工作和学生的老师).  He works very hard every day(他每天努力工作) but he will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work.   　　When I come across the problems of learning in my study,  my father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely(并鼓励我勇敢地克服困难).  He achieved a lot in his work,  respected by his students.  So,  in my mind my father is the person I respect most and I love him deeply(我深深地爱着他).  【拓展运用】1假定你是学生会主席李华，你校要举办首届英语节(the first English Festival)，请你用英语给全校师生写一封信。信的内容主要包括：1．举办时间和地点；2．活动内容，如英文歌曲比赛、英文戏剧表演、西方文化讲座等；3．举办英语节的意义。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Dear teachers and schoolmates，I have exciting news to share with all of you.The first English Festival is scheduled to be held in our school's auditorium from November 6th to 10th.This week­long festival promises to be a feast for ears and eyes as well as minds，which students and teachers alike are welcome to participate in.A wide variety of wonderful activities are there for you，including English singing competitions and drama performances.In the meanwhile，attending lectures on Western culture is also a good option for you.It is only when each of us has got well prepared for it that we can broaden our horizons and acquire a good knowledge of it.By immersing everyone in the charm of English，the festival is bound to fuel your desire to be better English learners，spark your way of thinking and above all get all of you to have fun with English.Yours，Li Hua【写作分析】试题为应用文中的书信写作，试题只给出写作框架，并未给出所有的具体写作细节，为半开放性写作。写好此文，需注意三点：一是写信格式要准确，信的开头已经给出，但切要写好信的结尾。二是要详略得当，本文重点信的内容主要包括：1. 活动时间：9月26日— 9月27日；2. 活动内容：如英文歌曲比赛、英文戏剧表演、西方文化讲座等；3. 活动意义，要说明参加活动的好处，来鼓励人们参加此活动。三要注意适当地增加细节，恰当地使用连接过渡词，以使行文连贯。另外，在写作时要注意时态、语态的合理运用。【写作亮点】本文是一篇书信，格式正确，内容齐全，语句精炼，结果布局合理。The first English Festival is to be held from September 26th to 27th.用动词不定式表示将来；句中使用高级词组、短语as well as，participate in，by immersing，in the charm of，be bound to do sth.，have fun with等。2假定你是李华，最近获悉你的美国网友Peter家乡受到飓风(hurricane)侵袭，损失惨重。请你用英语给Peter写一封慰问信。信的内容包括：1. 得知情况及感受；2. 表达安慰和鼓励；3. 打算提供的帮助。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Dear Peter,I’m awfully sorry to hear that a horrible and severe hurricane unexpectedly hit your hometown and caused a great loss. Shocked to learn the terrible news, I feel upset about your suffering.Though sorrowful, you have to be tough to stand up to any bad conditions. I think you, as a strong-willed person, can get through this difficult period. You will definitely gather all your courage to face and handle the mess that the hurricane brought about.Thinking about your present situation, I feel sincere pity for you, and I’ll be there for you whenever you need any help! If necessary, I will call on my classmates to make a donation to you to help you go through the difficultly.Never give up hope and be strong! Longing for good news from you!Yours Sincerely,Li Hua【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封慰问信，表达对朋友的关心和帮助。【写作分析】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时，一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：分-总法分-总法指分点表达要点之后，在最后进行总结。要求：1. 得知情况及感受；2. 表达安慰和鼓励；3. 打算提供的帮助。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）horrible，severe，hurricane, hit , loss, upset , stand up to, get through, bring about, whenever ,help, call on, make a donation, give up第三步：连词成句1. I’m awfully sorry to hear that a horrible and severe hurricane unexpectedly hit your hometown and caused a great loss.2. I feel upset about your suffering 3. you have to be tough to stand up to any bad conditions4. I think you, as a strong-willed person, can get through this difficult period.5…. face and handle the mess that the hurricane brought about.6. I feel sincere pity for you7. I will call on my classmates to make a donation to you to help you go through the difficultly.8. Never give up hope根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步：润色修改【写作亮点】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：I’m awfully sorry to hear that a horrible and severe hurricane unexpectedly hit your hometown and caused a great loss.这句话运用了宾语从句。Shocked to learn the terrible news, I feel upset about your suffering.和Thinking about your present situation, I feel sincere pity for you,运用了非谓语动词作状语；Though sorrowful, you have to be tough to stand up to any bad conditions.和If necessary, I will call on my classmates to make a donation to you to help you go through the difficultly.运用了状语从句的省略。使用了一些固定词组，如get through, bring about等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。3假定你是李华，下学期你的美国朋友Jim将作为交换生到你所在的高中学习一年。请写信向Jim表示欢迎，并简要介绍中国教育和美国教育的不同。要点如下：班级学生数量不同课堂上课方式不同在校时间长短不同注意：1.词数100词左右2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Dear Jim，I’m more than glad to know that you are going to be an exchange student in our high school for a whole year!Next, I’d like to introduce some differences between Chinese and American teaching and learning.First, we have more students in each class than you do. In China, the number of students in each class is usually more than 50.Second, we have different teaching styles. The teachers usually give lectures in the class and the students will set down what the teachers have said. Third, the time when we stay at school is much longer than yours. We may spend at least 8 hours at school each day.That’s all I’d like to share. I can’t wait to meet you!Yours,LiHua【写作分析】第一步：根据提示可知，本文是给朋友的一封信，介绍中国教育和美国教育的不同。第二步：根据写作要求确定关键词（组），如：I’m more than glad to know……exchange student ,introduce some differences, the number of, different teaching styles, can’t wait to meet you.第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【写作亮点】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如宾语从句that you are going to be an exchange student in our high school for a whole year!和what the teachers have said.定语从句when we stay at school和I’d like to share.全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 4阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。The young woman sat crying at one of the back tables of a small restaurant at a fuel service station, on a highway where truck drivers and traveller stopped. Two girls, perhaps four and five years old, watched their mother tensely.I am a patrolman, which is a policeman who is assigned to patrol a specific route. I am with the Knox County, Tennessee, Sheriff’s Department, and was sent to check on the family after someone telephoned, concerned about the woman’s weeping. A flash of fear crossed the older child’s eyes as I approached her. “Daddy left us,” she said. “He just put our stuff out of the car while we were in the bathroom.” “Is that so, little lady?” I said. “I want you two to climb on those stools over there and order something to eat.”Reluctantly they crossed to the stools. I called the waitress to take their order.“Now, what’s the problem?” I asked the woman.“Just what my girl said,” she replied, wiping her eyes with the back of her hand. “ My husband is not cruel — just at the end of his rope. We have no money; we’re flat broke. He thought that we’d get more help alone than if he stayed.”“Do you have family?”“The nearest is in Chicago.”We sat there discussing organisations and government agencies that could help her. When the waitress brought hot dogs and French fries to the little girls, I went to the counter and took out my wallet to pay.“The owner says no charge,” the waitress said. “We know what’s going on.”注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。“Officer, excuse me,” a man said to me.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________There was enough to buy bus tickets to Chicago and food along the way.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】“ Officer, excuse me,” a man said to me. He was a big man in jeans, T-shirt and baseball cap standing by the counter. I noticed the restaurant was quiet; the customers, mostly long-distance truck drivers, sat staring in our direction.“Here,” he said, giving me a handful of paper money. “We all passed the hat, and made a contribution. There should be enough to get the woman and her girls on their way.” “I’m sure she’ll appreciate it,” I said. “Can I tell her your name?” “ No.” He raised his hands and backed away. “Tell her it was from people here with families of their own.”There was enough to buy bus tickets to Chicago and food along the way. When I handed the money to the woman, she began to cry again. Moments later a couple with two children came to the table and offered words of comfort. I called the police station and told the officer who sent me out that the situation had been resolved. A police officer sees the worst in person most of the time. It is good to be reminded that kindness and love exist out there, even at a truck stop in East Tennessee.【文章大意】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一位年轻女子坐在一家加油站的小餐馆后面的一张桌子旁哭泣。作者是一名警官，前去了解情况，得知这位年轻的母亲和孩子被丈夫抛弃了。【写作分析】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“‘警官，打扰了，’一个男人对我说”可知，第一段可描这个男人拿过来一些钱以及与作者的对话。②由第二段首句内容“这些钱足够买去芝加哥的汽车票和沿途的食物。”可知，第二段可描写作者将钱给了这个女人以及这个女人和孩子的反应以及作者的一些感悟。2.续写线索：陌生男子拿来一些钱以及与作者的对话——作者将钱给了这个女人——女人的孩子的反应——告诉自己的上司问题已经解决——感悟3.词汇激活行为类举起：raise/put up传递：hand/pass提供：offer/provide情绪类感谢：appreciate/showing his appreciation/show his gratitude/be grateful哭泣：cry/ burst into tears【写作亮点】[高分句型1] I noticed the restaurant was quiet; the customers, mostly long-distance truck drivers, sat staring in our direction.（现在分词作状语）[高分句型2] I called the police station and told the officer who sent me out that the situation had been resolved.（who引导的定语从句） 5阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要If you are a perfectionist, you are probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right. According to researchers, perfectionists hold themselves to unrealistically high standards and become self-critical(自责的) if they believe they haven't met these standards. Amanda Ruggeri，writing about perfectionism for BBC Future, explains, "When perfectionists don't succeed, they don't just feel disappointment about how they did. They feel shame about who they are.”Although many people think seeking excellence as a good thing, researchers have found that on the extreme end, perfectionism is actually linked to lower mental health. In an article published in 2016, researchers found that people higher in perfectionism tended to have increases in depression(抑郁) symptoms, which suggests that perfectionism may lead to depression. In other words, although people may think of their perfectionism as something that helps them succeed, it appears that their perfectionism may actually be harmful to their mental health.Thus, what can someone with perfection tendencies do to change their behavior? One possible alternative to perfectionism is developing what psychologists call a growth mindset. Researchers at Stanford University have found that developing a growth mindset is a significant way to help you learn from your failures. Unlike those with fixed mindsets, those with growth mindsets believe they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes. Another potential alternative to perfectionism is to develop self-compassion(自我同情). The idea behind self-compassion is that you should treat yourself kindly when you make mistakes，remind yourself that mistakes are part of being human, and avoid being consumed by bad emotions.In fact, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn't mean being less successful. The key is to find ways to give an effort you can be proud of without demanding the impossible of yourself. Instead of struggling for “perfect", struggle for “good enough", which can actually help you develop a healthier way of setting goals for yourself in the long run._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】According to researchers, perfectionism, which means people pursue perfection excessively, may contribute to poor mental health. By forming a growth mindset to see mistakes as learning opportunities, and replacing self-criticism with self-compassion, it's possible to overcome perfectionism. What you need to keep in mind is that perfection isn't equal to success, so try your best to do things well enough rather than demand too much of yourself.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文,介绍了完美主义的相关内容。文章首先提出完美主义的特点,然后指出完美主义对人的消极影响,接着提出有完美倾向的人应该做些什么来改变他们的行为,最后指出放弃完美并不意味着不那么功,关键是要想办法付出你可以为之自豪的努力,而不是要求自己完成不可能的事。【写作分析】1.要点摘录①According to researchers, perfectionists hold themselves to unrealistically high standards and become self-critical(自责的) if they believe they haven't met these standards.Perfectionism means people pursue perfection excessively /unrealistically.②Perfectionism is actually linked to lower mental health③One possible alternative to perfectionism is developing what psychologists call a growth mindset.Another potential alternative to perfectionism is to develop self-compassion(自我同情).④Giving up on perfection doesn't mean being less successful, so try your best to struggle for “good enough" without demanding the impossible of yourself.2.缜密构思将1、2要点整合，将3、4要点重组。3.遣词造句Perfectionism means people pursue perfection excessively /unrealistically.Perfectionism may actually contribute to/be linked to poor mental health.By forming/ developing)growth mindset to see mistakes as learning opportunities, and replacing self-criticism with self-compassion, it's possible to overcome perfectionism.Perfection isn't' equal to/ doesn’t mean success, so try your best to do things well enough rather than demand too much of yourself.【写作亮点】[高分句型1]： According to researchers, perfectionism, which means people pursue perfection excessively, may contribute to poor mental health. 运用非限制性定语从句把第一段和第二段进行了概括。运用了pursue和contribute to等高级词汇。[高分句型2]： What you need to keep in mind is that perfection isn't equal to success, so try your best to do things well enough rather than demand too much of yourself. 句子使用了what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句。