Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-2022年高考英语一轮复习教材词汇通关（人教新课标）

这是一份Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-2022年高考英语一轮复习教材词汇通关（人教新课标），共9页。试卷主要包含了词汇回顾，助记原文，助记译文，根据所给的汉语意思填空，根据所给词的适当形式填空，课文重点词汇的单句语法填空，语法填空拓展提升等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero

一、词汇回顾
序号
单 词
意 思
音 标
1
Nelson Mandela
纳尔逊·曼德拉（前南非共和国总统）
[ˈnelsn mænˈdelə]
2
quality
n.质量；品质；性质
[ˈkwɒlɪti]
3
warm-hearted
adj.热心肠的
[wɔːm-hɑːt]
4
mean
adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
[miːn]
5
active
adj.积极的；活跃的
['æktɪv]
6
generous
adj.慷慨的；大方的
[ˈdʒenərəs]
7
easy-going
adj.随和的；温和宽容的

8
self
n.自我；自身
[self]
9
selfish
adj.自私的
[ˈselfɪʃ]
10
selfless
adj.无私的；忘我的

11
selflessly
adv.无私地；忘我地

12
devote
vt.（与to连用）献身；专心于
[dɪˈvəʊt]
13
devoted
adj.忠实的；深爱的

14
found
vt.建立；建设
[faʊnd]
15
republic
n.共和国；共和政体
[rɪˈpʌblɪk]
16
principle
n.法则；原则；原理
[ˈprɪnsɪp(ə)l]
17
nationalism
n.民族主义；国家主义

18
livelihood
n.生计；谋生

19
peaceful
adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的
[ˈpiːsfʊl]
20
giant
adj.巨大的；庞大的

21
leap
n.飞跃；跳跃
[liːp]
22
mankind
n.人类
[mænˈkaɪnd]
23
Elias
n.伊莱亚斯（男名）

24
lawyer
n.律师
[ˈlɔːjə]
25
guidance
n.指导；领导
[ˈɡaɪdəns]
26
legal
adj.法律的；依照法律的
[ˈliːɡ(ə)l]
27
fee
n.费（会费、学费等）；酬金
[fiː]
28
passbook
n.南非共和国有色人种的身份证

29
Johannesburg
n.约翰内斯堡（南非城市）

30
out of work
失业

31
hopeful
adj.怀有希望的；有希望的
[ˈhəʊpfʊl]
32
ANC
非国大；非洲人国民大会；非洲民族会议（African National Congress）

33
youth
n.青年；青年时期
[juːθ]
34
league
同盟；联盟；联合会
[liːɡ]
35
Youth League
青年团

36
stage
n.舞台；阶段；时期
[steɪdʒ]
37
vote
n.投票；选票；表决　vt.&vi.投票；选举
[vəʊt]
38
attack
vt.进攻；攻击；抨击
[ə'tæk]
39
violence
n.暴力；暴行
[ˈvaɪələns]
40
as a matter of fact
事实上

41
blow up
使充气；爆炸

42
equal
adj.相等的；平等的
[ˈiːkw(ə)l]
43
in trouble
在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中

44
willing
adj.乐意的；自愿的
[ˈwɪlɪŋ]
45
unfair
adj.不公正的；不公平的
[ʌnˈfeə]
46
turn to
求助于；致力于

47
quote
n.引用语；语录
[kwəʊt]
48
release
vt.释放；发行

49
lose heart
丧失勇气或信心

50
Robben Island
罗本岛

51
escape
vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露
[ɪ'skeɪp]
52
blanket
n.毛毯；毯子
[ˈblæŋkɪt]
53
educate
vt.教育；训练
[ˈedjʊkeɪt]
54
educated
adj.受过教育的；有教养的

55
come to power
当权；上台

56
beg
vi.请求；乞求
[beg]
57
relative
n.亲戚；亲属
['relətɪv]
58
terror
n.恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动
[ˈterə]
59
cruelty
n.残忍；残酷

60
reward
n.报酬；奖金　vt.酬劳；奖赏
[rɪˈwɔːd]
61
set up
建立；设立

62
sentence
vt.判决；宣判
[ˈsent(ə)ns]
63
be sentenced to
被判处……（徒刑）

64
anti -
[前缀] 反；抗；阻

65
anti - black
adj.反黑人的

66
president
n.总统；会长；校长；行长
[ˈprezɪdənt]
67
Nobel Peace Prize
诺贝尔和平奖

68
opinion
n.意见；看法；主张　
[əˈpɪnjən]
二、助记原文
Mandela was a generous, easy-going and warm-hearted person. He was never mean with his time. He was a black lawyer, who offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. The time when Elias, who was a poor black worker, first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of his life.
Because of the school fee and the bus fare, Elias was forced to leave school at eight. Later on, he worked as a gold miner, but he was very afraid to become out of work because he got little education and didn’t got a passbook to live in Johannesburg. Luckily, he turned to Mandela and became more hopeful about his future.
After that, he began to know more about Mandela and his political opinions and principles of nationalism and views on the unfair anti-black laws. He joined the ANC Youth League founded by Mandela and was active and devoted in peacefully fighting for black people’s equal rights and livelihood. As a matter of fact, the situation reached a stage where the quality of life got worse. So they had to beg for food from relatives and choose to attack the laws and answer violence with violence. Although he didn’t like terror, he blew up government buildings to release their determination and willing of equality. However, he was sentenced to prison in Robbern Island, where no one escaped and he was in trouble and suffered from the cruelty of the guard. Fortunately, he didn’t lose heart and got the selfless help from roommates and they often read books and famous quotes under blankets.
When the ANC came to power in 1994 and set up a republic nation, Mandela was voted president and got Nobel Peace Prize as a reward. That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.
三、助记译文
曼德拉是一位慷慨、随和又有爱心的人。他从不吝啬自己的时间。他还是一位黑人律师，经常给贫穷的黑人提供一些法律问题上的指导。当伊莱亚斯，一位贫穷的黑人工人，第一位见到曼德拉的时候正是他生活中一段十分艰难的时期。
因为学费和车费的事，伊莱亚斯被迫八岁时就退学了。后来，他当了一名金矿工人，但是由于是个文盲而且拿不到居住在约翰内斯堡的身份证，所以他很担心会失业。幸运的是，他向曼德拉求助使自己对未来更怀有希望了。
在那之后，他开始对曼德拉有了更多的了解，也对他的政治观念、民族主义原则以及他对反黑人的不平等法律的看法都有了进一步的了解。他加入了由曼德拉创立的非国大青年团，而且积极参加并忠心于为了黑人的平等权利和生计而进行的和平斗争。事实上，情况却是已经达到生活质量不断恶化的地步。因此他们不得不向亲戚们乞求食物，并且不得不选择对抗法律，以暴制暴。虽然他不喜欢恐怖活动，但是他还是炸毁政府的办公大楼来释放他们要求平等的决心和意志。然而，他被判刑关在罗本岛上，一个无人能越狱的地方，在那里他处境危险，还遭受到看守的残忍对待。幸运的是，他没有失去信心，而且还得到室友无私的帮助，他们经常在毛毯里看书以及一些著名的语录。
1994年当非国大上台执政并且建立了一个共和国家，曼德拉被投票选举为总统，并且还得到了诺贝尔和平奖作为奖励。这对个人来说只是一小步，但在人类来说却是一大步。
四、根据所给的汉语意思填空
Mandela was a 1 (慷慨的), 2 (随和的) and 3 (热心的) person. He wasn’t 4 (吝啬的) with his time. Mandela was a black 5 (律师), who offered 6 (指导) to poor black people on their 7 (法律上的) problems. The time when Elias, who was a black poor worker, first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of his life.
Because of the school 8 (费用) and the bus fare, Elias was forced to leave school at eight. Later on, he worked as a gold miner, but he was afraid to become 9 (失业) because he got little 10 (教育) and didn’t got a passbook to live in Johannesburg. Luckily, he 11 (求助于) Mandela and became more 12 (有希望的) about his future.
After that, he began to know more Mandela and his political 13 (观点) and 14 (原则) of 15 (民族主义) and 16 (看法) on the 17 (不公平的) anti-black laws. He joined the ANC Youth League 18 (成立) by Mandela and was 19 (积极的) and 20 (忠心的) in 21 (和平地) fighting for black people’s 22 (平等的) rights and 23 (生计).
24 (事实上), the situation reached a 25 (境况) where the 26 (质量) of life got worse and they had to 27 (乞求) for food from 28 (亲戚). They had to choose to
29 (攻击) the laws and answer 30 (暴力) with violence. Although he didn’t like 31 (恐怖活动), he 32 (炸毁) government buildings to 33 (释放) their determination and
34 (意愿) of equality. However, he 35 (被判处) prison in Robbern Island, where no one 36 (逃脱) and he was 37 (处于困境之中) and suffered from the 38 (残忍) of the guard. Fortunately, he didn’t 39 (失去信心) and got the 40 (无私的) help from roommates and they often read books and famous 41 (语录) under 42 (毛毯).
When the ANC 43 (执政) in 1994 and 44 (建立) a 45 (共和的) nation, Mandela was 46 (投票) 47 (总统) and got Nobel Peace Prize as a 48 (奖赏). That’s one small step for a man, one 49 (巨大的) 50 (飞跃) for 51 (人类).
【答案】
1.generous 2.easy-going 3.warm-hearted 4.mean 5.lawyer
6.guidance 7.legal 8.fee 9.out of work 10.education
11.turned to 12.hopeful 13.opinions 14.principles 15.nationalism
16.views 17.unfair 18.founded 19.active 20.devoted
21.peacefully 22.equal 23.livelihood 24.As a matter of fact 25.stage
26.quality 27.beg 28.relatives 29.attack 30.violence
31.terror 32.blew up 33.release 34.willing 35.was sentenced to
36.escaped 37.in trouble 38.cruelty 39.lose heart 40.selfless
41.quotes 42.blankets 43.came to power 44.set up 45.republic
46.voted 47.president 48.reward 49.giant 50.leap 51. mankind
五、根据所给词的适当形式填空
Mandela was a 1 (generosity), easy-going and warm-hearted person. He wasn’t mean with his time. Mandela was a black 2 (law), who offered 3 (guide) to poor black people on their 4 (illegal)problems. The time when Elias, who was a black poor worker, first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of his life.
Because of the school fee and the bus fare, Elias was forced to leave school at eight. Later on, he worked as a gold miner, but he was afraid to become out of work because he got little 5 (educated) and didn’t got a passbook to live in Johannesburg. Luckily, he turned to Mandela and became more
6 (hope) about his future.
After that, he began to know more Mandela and his political 7 (opinion) and principles of
8 (nationalist) and views on the 9 (fair) anti-black laws. He joined the ANC Youth League 10 (found) by Mandela and was 11 (action) and 12 (devotion) in 13 (peace) fighting for black people’s 14 (equally) rights and livelihood. As a matter of fact, the situation reached a stage where the quality of life got worse and they had to beg for food from 15 (relation). They had to choose to attack the laws and answer 16 (violent) with violence. Although he didn’t like 17 (terrorist), he 18 (blow) up government buildings to release their determination and
19 (unwilling) of equality. However, he was 20 (sentence) to prison in Robbern Island, where no one escaped and he was in trouble and suffered from the 21 (cruel) of the guard. Fortunately, he didn’t lose heart and got the 22 (selfish) help from roommates and they often read books and famous quotes under 23 (blanket).
When the ANC came to power in 1994 and set up a republic nation, Mandela was 24 (vote) president and got Nobel Peace Prize as a reward. That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.
【答案】
1.generous 2.lawyer 3.guidance 4.legal 5.education
6.opinions 7.nationalism 8.nationalism 9.unfair 10.founded
11.active 12.devoted 13.peacefully 14.equal 15.relatives
16.violence 17.terror 18.blew 19.willing 20.sentenced
21.cruelty 22.selfless 23.blankets 24.voted
六、课文重点词汇的单句语法填空
1. We were invited to give our________ (意见) about how the work should be done.
2. The town was________ (建立) 防English settlers in 1790.
3. He did not tell his________ (亲戚) and friends about his worries.
4. I refuse to lie about it; it’s against my________ (原则).
5. She decided how she had narrowly________ (逃脱) death.
6. It was________ (大方的) of him to offer to pay for us both.
7. We could hear the passengers screaming in________ (惊恐).
8. Their________ (质量) of life improved dramatically when they moved to France.
9. The city is full of homeless people________ (乞讨) in the streets.
10. There was a time when women had no right to________ (选举), could not go to universities or choose their jobs.
11. All the students are_______ in the _______ held outside the school. So they can take part_______ .(act)
12. He criticized________ that the government did little to stop the________ in the country.(violent)
13. He________ his life to his work, and his________ to his job is admired by everyone, including some of his________ friends.(devote)
14. All men are born________ , so everyone hopes to be treated________ because________ is the basic demand.(equal)
15.The lack of a good______ might put you at a disadvantage. So you have to be better______ .(educate)
【答案】
1.opinions 2.founded 3.relatives 4.principles 5.escaped
6.generous 7.terror 8.quality 9.begging 10.vote
11.active, activities , actively 12.violently, violence 13.devoted, devotion, devoted
14.equal, equally, equality 15.education, educated
七、语法填空拓展提升
 Kobe Bryant is a famous basketball player. His talent can ___1_____(see) not only on the court, but also in his writing. ____2____book The Wizenard Series: Training Camp came out in March.
 The story is ___3_____the West Bottom Badgers, a youth basketball team. It's made up of five books, with each ____4____(focus) on the story of one character: Rain, Twig, Cash, Peno and Lab. All of the kids on this team come from a poor neighborhood. No one ____5____ (have) faith in the kids to succeed, ____6____things change after a new coach joins the team.
 After reading the book, we got to interview Bryant. He said he didn't think he was going to be an author, but that he often tells stories to his daughters. This is one of the ___7_____ (reason) he wrote his own book. The book is based on parts of Bryant's real-life experience, ____8____ (especial) when he played for the Los Angeles Lakers.
Bryant had two different jersey numbers - 8 and 24 - during his career. ___9_____ number 24 means you need to work hard 24 hours a day ___10_____ (succeed).
 Our final thoughts on Bryant - he is cool and very funny.
【答案与精析】
本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了美国著名的篮球运动员Kobe Bryant以及他写的书。
【答案】 be seen；His；about；focusing/focused；has；but；reasons；especially；The；to succeed
1.be seen, 考查语态。句意：他的才华不仅体现在球场上，也体现在他的作品中。句子主语talent和谓语动词see之间是一种被动关系，是含情态动词的被动语态，故填be seen。
2.His, 考查代词。句意：他的著作《维森纳德系列：训练营》(The Wizenard Series: Training Camp)于今年3月出版。根据上句中的in his writing可知，此处用形容词性物主代词his修饰名词。故填His。注意首字母的大写。
3.about，考查介词。句意：这个故事是关于the West Bottom Badgers，一个年轻的篮球队。介词about“关于”，后面是涉及到的内容。故填about。
4.focusing/focused，考查独立主格结构。句意：它由五本书组成，每本书都聚焦于一个角色的故事：雨、小树枝、卡什、佩诺和实验室。此处是with的独立主格结构，with+宾语+宾语补足语（现在分词或过去分词），所给词focus可以作及物动词也可以作不及物动词，所以这里用现在分词focusing或过去分词focused作宾语补足语。故填focusing/focused。
5.has，考查时态和主谓一致。句意：没有人相信孩子们会成功，但在新教练加入球队后，情况发生了变化。这里在讲述书中的故事，用的是一般现在时态，且主语是不定代词no one，后面的谓语动词用单数第三人称。故填has。
6.but，考查连词。句意：没有人相信孩子们会成功，但在新教练加入球队后，情况发生了变化。结合句意，前后是一种转折关系。故填but。
7.reasons，考查名词。句意：这是他自己写书的原因之一。根据one of后面跟名词复数，所给词reason“理由”是可数名词。故填reasons。
8.especially，考查副词。句意：这本书是根据科比的真实经历改编的，尤其是他在洛杉矶湖人队的时候。此处用副词修饰后面的when引导的时间状语从句，所给词especial“特别的”是形容词，其副词是especially。故填especially。
9.The，考查冠词。句意：数字24意味着你需要一天24小时努力工作才能成功。此处特指24这个数字。故填The。注意首字母的大写。
10.to succeed，考查非谓语动词。句意：数字24意味着为了成功你需要一天24小时努力工作。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填to succeed。