专题07 完形填空之其他文体-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（全国通用）

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目录
TOC \ "1-3" \h \u \l "_Tc29376" 一、热点题型归纳
\l "_Tc17993" 【题型一】利用首句来解题，根据全文来选择
\l "_Tc26924" 【题型二】根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题
\l "_Tc12217" 【题型三】利用语篇标志解题
\l "_Tc30563" 【题型四】根据逻辑推理解题
【题型五】根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择
【题型六】从语法角度来解题
【题型七】从惯用法和固定搭配方面来解题
【题型八】从词语辨析的角度来解题
【题型九】根据找复现同现解题
\l "_Tc21895" 二、最新模考题组练
【题型一】利用首句来解题，根据全文来选择
首句一般不设空。因此我们应重视首句，并利用首句预测短文的问题和全文内容。
1. I did very badly at schl. My headmaster thught I was and when I was 14 he said, “Yu’re never ging t be anything but a failure.”
A. bright B. useless C. simple D. hpeful
【答案】
2. Drthy Brwn was very happy as she sat in the theatre listening t the music. Tday her little daughter Lauren was giving her first cncert. She had been waiting fr this mment fr years and years. “Nw it is here at last,” she thught. “Hw beautiful her ___1___ is.”
The sng made her g back t the days when she was Lauren’s age. As a yung girl, Drthy wanted t be a cncert singer. She studied ___2___ in France, Italy and in the United States. “Yu can becme a fine ___3___ in the future,” her teachers tld her. “But yu must be prepared t study hard and wrk fr many years.
1. A. vice B. face C. dress D. life
2. A. French B. music C. pian D. dance
3. A. actress B. student C. singer D. dancer
【答案】
【题型二】根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题
1. Our father was a struggling lawyer, but I always knew he was . He never criticized us, but used _____ t bring ut ur best.
A. strict B. hnest C. special D. learned
A. help B. peace C. smile D. praise
【答案】
2. His big stmach has always ballned ut between his T-shirt and trusers. Althugh his family ften
abut that, Ed refused t buy a T-shirt r t lse weight.
A. cared B. frgt C. quarreled D. jked
A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker
【答案】
【题型三】利用语篇标志解题
常见语篇标志词语：结构层次:firstly, secndly, thirdly；逻辑关系：thus, therefre, s；递进关系：besides, what’s mre, further;转折关系：but, while, hwever, n the ther hand等。
She tld the frnt-desk clerk she had had a(n) vacatin, but was heart-brken abut lsing several rlls f Kdak clr film she had nt yet develped.
A. disappinting B. wnderful C. uncmfrtable D. imprtant
因此，我们要善于找出（“三找”）：
一找. 逻辑关系题（转折、让步、解释、对立、因果、并列、总分、递进）
二找. NOT（在原文中找nt）
三找. AND（在原文中找and）
【题型四】根据逻辑推理解题
…and the fficers then began t eat their meal, saying that the mushrms had a very strange ______ quite pleasant taste.
A. besides B. but C. and D. r
【答案】
【题型五】根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择
The amunt f usable water has always been f great interest in the wrld. Owning springs and streams smetimes means cntrl, particularly in the_______ areas like the desert.
A．dry B．distant C．deserted D．wild
【答案】
【题型六】从语法角度来解题
I went int a café and asked fr a cffee . _____ I was waiting fr my drink, I realized that there were ther peple in the place, but I sensed lneliness.
Befre B．Since C．Althugh D．While
【答案】D
2. Have yu ever shuted at a teacher, tld smene yu were lnely, r said yu were in lve, and then______ later yu had kept yur muth shut?
23. A. wished B. hped C. blamed D. shared
【答案】
【题型七】从惯用法和固定搭配方面来解题
He was nly furteen and was nt gd at swimming___.S he shuldn’t have gne int that place.
A.after all B. in all C.at all D. fr all
【答案】
【题型八】从词语辨析的角度来解题
When, tw weeks later, I this same by, I was mre aware f my psitin in Nigerian sciety. I shuld enjy this cuntry as the sn f a minister.
A. ran after B. ran int C. ran ver D. ran t
【答案】
【题型九】根据找复现同现解题
(1)原词复现。为了表达的需要，在具体的上下文中同一个单词重复出现。如：
All f a sudden I started t feel rather ______. She wndered why I was lking fr this srt f ______. I felt even mre helpless when she tld me that it wuld be difficult t get a jb withut experience.
A. encuraged B. dissatisfied C. helpless D. pleased
A. place B. jb C. advice D. help
【答案】
(2)同义词、近义词复现。同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。如：
That is what a hbby means, I guess. It is smething we like t d in ur spare time simply fr the ______ f it. The value in dllars is nt imprtant; we d it fr the pleasure it gives us.
benefit B. gd C. fun D. interest
【答案】
(3)反义词复现。语意的连贯有时是通过对比结构而采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释，考生可以从反义的角度判断正确的选项。如：
Frcing yurself t recall almst never helps because it desn’t ______ yur mney; it nly tightens it.
lsen B. weaken C. decrease D. reduce
【答案】
(4)同源词复现。对于上下文语义复现的表达，还可借助复现信息的同源词或同根词。如：
Many teachers believe that the respnsibilities fr learning lie with the students. If a lng reading assignment is given, the instructrs expect students t be familiar with the infrmatin in the reading……When research is _________, the prfessr expects the student t take it actively and t cmplete it with minimum guidance.
cllected B. assigned C. distributed D. finished
【答案】
(5)上义词复现。上义词具有概括的作用。在篇章中，有时为了表达的需要，作者会先概述，再分述。概述时用的为上义词，分述则用比较具体的下义词，两者为总分关系。如：
Other times, he wuld jin student grups t discuss a variety f : agriculture, diving and mathematics.
questins B. subjects C. matters D. cntents
【解析】
高考完形填空命题趋势
选材特点: 以记叙文为主
命题特点: (1) 设空特点: 名词\ 动词(5-8个)为主
(2) 考点层次分三部:
里边层次：(语篇层次30%以上)体现了突出语篇的命题思路
句子层次：(占70%左右)
单词层次：(只须读懂单词所在句子就能做,分数较少)
(3)考查重点: 短文第一句不设问.
考生易失分之处：
1、忽视行文逻辑，断章取义，就题论题。
2、脱离语境，滥用固定搭配。
3、缺乏必要的生活常识和不了解中西文化的差异。
做题三忌：
急于求成，未通读全文便忙于答题，不了解文意，无整体概念边读边填，两眼忙于空白与选项之间，欲速则不达。
只抠字眼，语法，不顾文意，抓不住关键。
断章取义，就题论题，不管前后联系，互不照应，前后矛盾。
【2021年全国高考乙卷】
Simply saying thank yu desn't seem enugh in certain situatins. I was cnsidering this while wrking as a ___41___ just a few weeks ag. And it came t me then hw much easier it wuld be if we had a range f wrds that express different ___42___ f gratitude(感谢).
My thughts were sn ___43___. We had a wman patient wh was ___44___ frm a knee replacement peratin. One afternn, while ___45___ t get int bed she cllapsed(倒下) frm what was ___46___ discvered t be a heart attack. The cllapse was disastrus, ___47___the emergency medical team and gd teamwrk. But she recvered, thugh ___48___, and was ready fr discharge(出院)after fur weeks.
She was ___49___ fr everything that the medical and nursing team had dne fr her. On her day f discharge, we shared in her _____50_____ at her recvery. As she was _____51_____ she was eager t say _____52_____ t each f us in the nursing team. When she _____53_____ ne nurse, she tried t press a five-pund nte int her hand. My clleague _____54_____ t accept it, saying that we were all just _____55_____ ur jb. The patient lked puzzled, and then _____56_____:“Oh this isn't fr the_____57_____ I had. I take that as a _____58_____. N, this is fr setting my hair yesterday.”
And there yu have it. T many peple,_____59_____lives is part f the jb but styling hair is an _____60_____ and shuld be rewarded.
41. A. cleanerB. chemistC. nurse D. dctr
42. A. gradesB. meaningsC. needs D. expectatins
43. A. brushed aside B. put t the test
C. brught under discussinD. taken int accunt
44. A. departingB. escapingC. retiring D. recvering
45. A. attemptingB. chsingC. pausing D. prmising
46. A. eventuallyB. frtunatelyC. casuallyD. secretly
47. A. assessingB. requiringC. frmingD. prving
48. A. slightlyB. accidentallyC. slwlyD. happily
49. A. gratefulB. thughtfulC. srrwfulD. fearful
50 A. surpriseB. delightC. curisity D. disappintment
51. A. peratingB. thinkingC. hesitatingD. leaving
52. A. srryB. hellC. gdbyeD. yes
53. A. reachedB. cnsultedC. intrduced D.persuaded
54. A. wishedB. pretendedC. failedD. refused
55. A. enjyingB. dingC. securingD. starting
56. A. repeatedB. recitedC. repliedD. reprted
57. A. curageB. patienceC. dutyD. care
58. A. galB. givenC. pushD. greeting
59. A. riskingB. changingC. savingD. building
60. A. hnurB. abilityC. peningD. extra
【答案】
【2020年高考全国卷1】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Since ur twins began learning t walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that ur sliding glass dr is just a windw. The ___41___ is bvius. If we ___42___ it is a dr, they’ll want t g utside ___43___. It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently knw the ___44___. But ur insisting it’s ___45___ a windw has kept them frm ___46___ millins f requests t pen the dr.
I hate lying t the kids. One day they’ll ___47___ and discver that everything they’ve always knwn abut windws is a ___48___.I wnder if ___49___ shuld always tell the truth n matter the ____50____. I have a very strng ____51____ that the lie we’re telling is ding ____52____ damage t ur children. Windws and drs have ____53____ metaphrical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t pen what they abslutely knw is a dr. What if later in ____54____ they cme t a metaphrical dr, like an pprtunity(机会) f sme srt, and ____55____ pening the dr and taking the pprtunity, they just ____56____ it and wnder, ＂What if it isn’t a dr?＂ That is, ＂What if it isn’t a ____57____ pprtunity?＂
Maybe it’s an unreasnable fear. But the ____58____ is that I shuldn’t lie t my kids. I shuld just ____59____ repeatedly having t say, ＂N. We can’t g utside nw.＂ Then when they cme t ther drs in life, be they real r metaphrical, they wn’t ____60____ t pen them and walk thrugh.
41. A. reliefB. targetC. reasnD. case
42. A. admitB. believeC. meanD. realize
43. A. graduallyB. cnstantlyC. temprarily D. casually
44. A. resultB. dangerC. methdD. truth
45. A. merelyB. slightlyC. hardlyD. partly
46. A. reviewingB. apprvingC. receiving D. attempting
47. A. win utB. give upC. wake upD. stand ut
48. A. dreamB. lieC. fantasyD. fact
49. A. parentsB. twinsC. clleagues D. teachers
50 A. restrictinsB. explanatinsC. differences D. cnsequences
51. A. demandB. fearC. desireD. dubt
52. A. physicalB. bilgicalC. spiritual D. behaviral
53. A. traditinalB. imprtantC. duble D. riginal
54. A. lifeB. timeC. replyD. histry
55. A. by cmparisn with B. in additin tC. regardless f D. instead f
56. A. get hld fB. stare atC. knck n D. make use f
57. A. realB. TypicalC. similarD. limited
58. A. safety ruleB. cmfrt zneC. bttm line D. tp secret
59. A. delayB. regretC. enjyD. accept
60. A. hurryB. decideC. hesitateD. intend
【答案】
【2020年全国卷III】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As s businesswman, I care deeply abut my custmers. But like anyne fr whm yu feel affectin, ___41___ can als drive yu mad. They’ll cme rushing in, ___42___their handbag’s been stlen. They’ll ___43___ that they left it in the changing rm, create have (混乱) and then ___44___ it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have ut half the ___45___ in the shp, and want the nly style yu dn’t have left in a ___46___ clur. I d knw hw upset the shp staff can get, but I try t persuade them t keep ___47___.
I remember the first really ___48___ custmer we had at Cvent Garden. She was ___49___ abslutely everything, nthing was right and I was rather ____50____ that she became a “regular”. After a while, she ____51____ fr the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week befre, was living in a flat ____52____, and since she’d fund it t much t cpe with (应对), she’d taken it ut n ____53____ peple.
That taught me a valuable ____54____ and I pass it n t the peple wh ____55____ in the market. Dn’t take it ____56____. If a custmer is rude r difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a rw with her husband. Maybe her child’s nt ____57____.” Always water it dwn and dn’t let yur eg (自我) get ____58____. If yu d, yu wn’t be able t ____59____ it and the whle thing develps int an unpleasant scene and that ____60____ everyne’s day.
41. A. shpkeepersB. custmersC. salespersnsD. receptinists
42. A. sayingB. pretendingC. guessingD. replying
43. A. agreeB. prmiseC. imagineD. swear
44. A. frgetB. decideC. discverD. assume
45. A. fdsB. catalguesC. belngingsD. gds
46. A. particularB. differentC. matchingD. natural
47. A. fightingB. smilingC. waitingD. changing
48. A. generusB. pliteC. carelessD. difficult
49. A. curius abutB. displeased withC. patient withD. uncertain abut
50. A. relaxedB. delightedC. surprisedD. embarrassed
51. A. searchedB. arguedC. prayedD. aplgized
52. A. by chanceB. by herselfC. n purpseD. n duty
53. A. rudeB. suchC. therD. lnely
54. A. lessnB. trickC. skillD. trade
55. A. wrkB. shpC. meetD. quarrel
56. A. kindlyB. secretlyC. persnallyD. casually
57. A. readyB. awayC. upD. well
58. A. ut f sightB. in the wayC. behind the sceneD. abve the law
59. A. stressB. expectC. handleD. blame
60. A. ruinsB. makesC. startsD. saves
【答案】
高考完形填空题型特点
1. 以叙为主, 叙议结合; 2. 篇章短小, 意义完整;
3. 首句完整, 主题明确;
4. 结构清晰, 层次分明;
5. 考查语境, 侧重辨析;
6. 实词为主, 虚词为辅;
7. 逻辑推理, 隐于语篇;
8. 常识语法, 每年出现。
完型填空 之能力训练目标：
1.词语辨析能力
2.语法结构分析能力
3.语篇理解能力
4.逻辑推理能力
5.文化背景透析能力
6.作者意图剖析能力
8.生活常识综合运用能力