专题20 书面表达之概要写作-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（全国通用）

这是一份专题20 书面表达之概要写作-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（全国通用），文件包含专题20书面表达之概要写作解析版-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练全国通用docx、专题20书面表达之概要写作原卷版-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练全国通用docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共37页， 欢迎下载使用。

TOC \ "1-3" \h \u \l "_Tc29376" 一、热点题型归纳
\l "_Tc17993" 【题型一】说明文
\l "_Tc26924" 【题型二】议论文
【题型三】记叙文
\l "_Tc21895" 二、最新模考题组练
上海卷从2017年春考开始了概要写作的拟题形式，在上海地区已经出现在高考中5年了，也有许多人将之称为“小作文”。概要写作分值占据15分，浙江省高考也有这种题型的出现，分值是25分。
概要写作要求考生根据阅读材料一篇60字左右的内容概要, 用尽可能少的词汇和过渡手段展现原材料的主要思想和观点。平时训练时, 考生除了需要提高自己快速把握文章主旨和段落大意的能力外, 还需要提升自己的总结概括能力, 并熟练掌握非谓语动词等高级语法知识和词句过渡技巧。
在概要写作前, 我们要通读短文, 确定其内容是属于那种类型, 然后选择确当的模板。注意： 尽量少使用原文语句, 多用自己的概括性的语言。
训练写概要写作时还可以有意识地采取以下几种小技巧：
1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。
2) 避免重复。在原文中, 为了强调某个主题, 可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。
应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
删除具体例子。不过, 阅读材料本身是由几个具体例子构成的, 如阅读材料是谈西方种种节日的,
如删除具体例子, 则概括很难达到30个词, 那就选择一至两个例子(即一两个主要节日)。
注：原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子, 你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
4) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词, 比如：
“She brught hme several Chinese and English nvels, a few cpies f Time and Newsweek
and sme textbks. She intended t read all f them during the winter vcatin.”
可以概括为：“She brught hme a lt f bks t read during the vcatin.”
5) 把文章的对话或直接引语(的要点)改成间接引语叙述。
6) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子, 那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。
7) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：
“His curage in battle might withut exaggeratin be called lin-like.”可以概括为： “He was very brave in battle.”
“He was hard up fr mney and was being pressed by his creditr.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”
答题步骤：
1. 确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句, 一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。
2. 寻找关键词。分析主题句意义, 确定关键词, 关键词一般体现为名词、形容词, 关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。
3. 确定时态和人称。如果阅读材料是过去时, 那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的, 那么基本时态用现在时。但模板的开头语一般为现在时, 如：The passage tells us that…一般情况下采用第三人称来写作。
3. 重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推, 反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的, 它基本决定了概括的质量。
4. 重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句, 可以是补充过程或者提供证据。3、4两个步骤其实就是改写阅读材料的主题句和支撑句。口诀：简单概括, 缩长间短, 省却细腻。(见：间接引语。短：短的连词。细腻：细节和例子)
5. 检查润色草稿。需要确保初稿准确完整, 再考虑誊抄。可以从以下几个方面来进行检查和润色：
如何提升打磨重组、改写句子的能力：
1. 同义替换法
Tm thught f an idea. → An idea ccurred t Tm.
2. 正话反说法
I think wealth is less imprtant than health.→ I dn’t think wealth is mre imprtant than health.
Yu will fail. → Yu wn’t succeed.
3. 词性转换法
Yur suggestins are very valuable.→ Yur suggestins are f great value.
4. 介词短语法
We are sure t finish it in time because s many peple are helping us.
→ With s many peple helping us, we are sure t finish it in time.
5. 句式变化法
(1)语态变换
It is widely accepted that mre peple use cmputers in the wrld tday.
→Cmputers are widely used in the wrld tday.
(2)简单句变复合句
The weather turned ut t be very gd. This was mre than we culd expect.
→The weather turned ut t be very gd, which was mre than we culd expect.
(3)连词衔接法
注意使用一些短而精的连词, 如but, and, s, while, hwever, then, yet, fr, therefre, thus, including, instead f 等。
He insisted n staying. He was nt willing t g.
→He insisted n staying rather than/instead f ging.
(4)词序改变法
Prfessr White, Prfessr Smith and many ther guests were present at the meeting.
→Present at the meeting were Prfessr White, Prfessr Smith and many ther guests.
(5)特殊句式法
Jim wants t g bating and his parents want t g bating, t.
→Jim wants t g bating, and s d his parents.
【题型一】说明文
【典例分析】
【2018浙江高考概要写作】
阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It’s a really gd idea t visit clleges befre yu apply because their websites can all start t lk and sund the same. Nthing will give yu the sense f what it will actually be like t live n a cllege campus (校园) like visiting and seeing fr yurself the drms, classrms and athletic equipment and, f curse, the students. It seems a little crazy nce senir year hits t find the time t visit cllege campuses, and it can als be pricey if the schls yu are applying t happen t be mre than a car ride away. But keep in mind that yu are making a decisin abut the next fur years f yur life, and d all the research yu can t make sure yu are making the right ne.
There’s n excuse nt t visit the schls in yur lcal area. In fact, a lt f cllege applicatins even ask if yu have visited campus, and bviusly, if yu live acrss the cuntry that wn’t be as much f a pssibility, but if yu live nearby, g check it ut!
If campus visits aren’t ging t happen befre yu apply, at the very least yu shuld find sme time between applying and getting yur acceptance letters t visit the schls yu’d like t attend. It can save yu a lt f heartache if yu rule ut nw the things that yu dn’t like abut certain campuses, things that yu wuldn’t knw unless yu actually visit.
Nw, if time and mney are making it impssible, then check ut the nline cllege fairs at CllegeWeeklive. It’s a chance t chat nline with admissins fficers, students, and cllege cunselrs (顾问), and it wn’t cst yu a penny! Yu can register fr its nline cllege fair at cllegeweeklive.cm. While visiting an nline cllege fair can’t take the place f an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tl that alng with all yur ther research will help yu make an infrmed decisin abut which clleges r universities yu’d like t attend.
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【提分秘籍】
1. 说明文的段落划分:
= 1 \* GB3 ①. 描述某事物的性质功用等：性质/定义—功用/功能—应用/利好
= 2 \* GB3 ②. 针对某问题提出解决办法或措施：问题—成因—解决方法/措施
= 3 \* GB3 ③. 介绍某现象及其原因结果：现象—原因—结果
【变式演练】
These days a green building means mre than just the clr f the paint. Green building can al s refer tenvirnmentally friendly huses, factries, and ffices.
Green building means “reducing the impact f the building n the land”, Taryn Hlwka f the U. S. Green Building Cuncil in Washingtn, D. C. said. Accrding t Hlwka, building accunt fr 65 percent f ttal U. S. electricity use.
But green building can reduce energy and water use. Als, the buildings are ften lcated near public transprtatin such as buses and subways, s that peple can drive their cars less. That culd be gd fr the envirnment, because cars use lts f gas and give ff pllutin. Green buildings are ften built n develped land, s that the buildings dn’t destry frests.
Marty Dettling is the prject manger fr a building that put these ideas int actin. The Slaire has been called the cuntry’s first green high-rise building. Accrding t Dettling, “We’ve reduced ur energy use by ne-third and ur water by 50 percent.”
The Slaire cuts energy in part by using slar pwer. “On the face f the building we have slar panels which change the sun’s energy int electricity,” Dettling explained. The Slaire als has lights that autmatically turn ff when peple leave the rm. In additin, the building has lts f windws, allwing peple t use the sun fr light during the day. The Slaire cuts water by reusing it.
Nt everyne is eager t mve int a green building, hwever. Sme peple think that things like slar panels cst mre mney than mre traditinal energy surces. Anyhw, Hlwka said, “It’s ging t be big.”
【题型二】议论文
【典例分析】
【2019浙江高考概要写作】
阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, authr f The A t Z Guide t Raising Happy and Cnfident Kids, says, “We’ve gne t the ppsite extreme f a few decades ag when parents tended t be mre strict.” By giving kids a lt f praise, parents think they’re building their children’s cnfidence, when, in fact, it may be just the ppsite. T much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid t try new things r take a risk fr fear f nt being able t stay n tp where their parents’ praise has put them.
Still, dn’t g t far in the ther directin. Nt giving enugh praise can be just as damaging gas giving t much. Kids will feel like they’re nt gd enugh r that yu dn’t care and, as a result, may see n pint in trying hard fr their accmplishments.
S what is the right amunt f praise? Experts say that the quality f praise is mre imprtant than the quantity. If praise is sincere and fcused n the effrt nt the utcme, yu can give it as ften as yur child des smething that deserves a verbal reward. “We shuld especially recgnize ur children’s effrts t push themselves and wrk hard t achieve a gal,” says Dnahue, authr f Parenting Withut Fear: Letting G f Wrry and Fcusing n What Really Matters. “One thing t remember is that it’s the prcess nt the end prduct that matters."
Yur sn may nt be the best basketball player n his team. But if he’s ut there every day and playing hard, yu shuld praise his effrt regardless f whether his team wins r lses. Praising the effrt and nt the utcme can als mean recgnizing yur child when she has wrked hard t clean the yard, ck dinner, r finish a bk reprt. But whatever it is, praise shuld be given n a case-by-case basis and be prprtinate (相称的) t the amunt f effrt yur child has put int it.
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【提分秘籍】
议论文三要素：论点、论据和结论
议论文通常用来讲明道理、议论是非、提出观点和看法。作者先正面或反面提出论点, 然后用事实论证论点, 最后以重申论点或提出建议的方式得出结论。议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段, 或者在各段的首句或尾句。
【变式演练】
We live in a technlgical sciety where mst gds are mass-prduced by unskilled labr. Because f this, mst peple think that craft n lnger exists.
One f the ways these peple wrngly supprt their view is by pinting t 100-year-ld hmes which are still slid, and arguing that it is the craftsmanship that is respnsible fr their durability. “Hmes in thse days were well-built,” they say. N dubt these hmes were well-built, but what these peple have dne is mix up the quality f material used in the huse with the quality f the craftsmanship.
Hmes tday culd be built t last just as lng as thse ld hmes if peple were willing r able t pay the price. Fr example, mre peple can n lnger affrd slid ak stairways, althugh they were nce fairly cmmn in lder hmes. Nr can they affrd the high labr cst f emplying a carpenter t build the stairway. Yet if smene can pay the high cst, there are still plenty f carpenters arund able t make thse stairways. And nt nly wuld these carpenters knw hw t build them, they wuld prbably d a better jb than carpenters f ld.
One thing the mdern carpenter has which enables him t d a better jb is much mre advanced tls. Such tls as laser beams and pwer planes help them lay ut a huse better and make mre precisin cuts n the wd. Als, it is nt uncmmn any mre t find carpenters with cllege degrees and carpenters with a slid knwledge f mathematics, which wuld enable them t deal with mre difficult huse designs.
The prblem f mdern quality, then, really bils dwn t the prblem f material, fr the mdern carpenter is just as able t prduce craftsmanship as the carpenter f fifty years ag, but nly if given prper material.
【题型三】记叙文
【典例分析】
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Yesterday Matt was sick.I picked up Archie frm the sitter and Elise frm schl and decided t run t Target fr a few things.I had hped t be in and ut quickly.
I fund a line with just ne persn ahead f me and began rganizing my items n the cnveyr.After placing my items，I lked up t see that the persn ahead f me was an elderly wman. She was paying fr her items with change and wanted t purchase each separately.I was frustrated with this wman and the incnvenience she had placed n me.
But then I watched the yung emplyee with this wman.I watched him help her cunt her change，ever s sftly taking it frm her shaking hands. When she asked if she had enugh t buy a reusable bag，he tld her she did and went tw lines ver t get ne fr her and then repackaged her items.Never nce was this emplyee angry.He was nthing but patient and kind.
As I was watching him，I saw that Elise was t.She was standing next t the wman，watching the emplyee cunt the change.I realized I hadn’t been incnvenienced at all.That my daughter was instead witnessing kindness and patience and being taught this valuable lessn by a cmplete stranger.
When the wman was finished，the emplyee began ringing up my items and thanked me fr my patience.I then thanked him fr teaching us patience and kindness by his treatment f that elderly wman.When he was finished I pushed my cart thrugh the stre trying t find the manager.I wanted her t knw f the emplyee’s kindness and patience and hw much it meant t me.After tracking her dwn and sharing the stry with her，we left Target with a cart full f cnsumable items，but what is mre，a heart full f gratitude fr such an invaluable lessn.
If yu are ever in the Glendale Target，give Ishmael a smile and a nd.The wrld culd use mre peple like him.
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【提分秘籍】
记叙文的段落划分：
记叙类：人物、情节(wh did what) 、时间、地点
夹叙夹议：+观点/哲理性推论：情节1—情节2……情节n—启示
记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文通常要交待清楚五要素的内容, 即where, when, what, wh, hw, 给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。
【变式演练】
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
That cld January night, I was grwing sick f my life in San Francisc. There I was, walking hme at ne in the mrning after a tiring practice at the theatre. With pening night nly a week away, I was still learning my lines. I was having truble dealing with my part-time jb at the bank and my acting at night at the same time. As I walked, I thught seriusly abut giving up bth acting and San Francisc. City life had becme t much fr me.
As I walked dwn empty streets under tall buildings, I felt very small and cld. I began running, bth t keep warm and t keep away frm any pssible rbbers. Very few peple were still ut except a few sad-lking hmeless peple under blankets.
Abut a blck frm my apartment, I heard a sund behind me. I turned quickly, half expecting t see smene with a knife r a gun. The street was empty. All I saw was a shining streetlight. Still, the nise had made me nervus, s I started t run faster. Nt until I reached my apartment building and unlcked the dr did I realize what the nise had been. It had been my wallet falling t the sidewalk.
Suddenly I wasn’t cld r tired anymre. I ran ut f the dr and back t where I’d heard the nise. Althugh I searched the sidewalk anxiusly fr fifteen minutes, my wallet was nwhere t be fund.
Just as I was abut t give up the search, I heard the garbage truck pull up t the sidewalk next t me. When a vice called frm the inside, “Alisa Camach?” I thught I was dreaming. Hw culd this man knw my name? The dr pened, and ut jumped a small red-haired man with an amused lk in his eye. “Is this what yu’re lking fr?” he asked, hlding up a small square shape.
It was nearly 3 A.M. by the time I gt int bed. I wuldn’t get much sleep that night, but I had gtten my wallet back. I als had gtten back sme enjyment f city life. I realized that the city culdn’t be a bad place as lng as peple were willing t help each ther.
华师2021届11月月考试题
阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Until 2017, the Emperr penguin was listed as Least Cncern by the Internatinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature, but as f 2018, they are listed as Near-Threatened because they are predicted t suffer a mderately rapid ppulatin decline ver the next three generatins wing t the effects f climate change. The number ne threat t their survival is glbal warming. Here’s hw it has affected Emperr penguins and what we shuld d.
A decrease in the amunt f sea ice frmatin, which is caused by climate change, impacts the future f the Emperr penguin. Many Emperr penguins breed n ice shelves that nly frm during the Antarctic winter. There have been times in recent years when the ice shelves have melted back faster r sner than usual. Many f the chicks haven’t cmpletely fledged (长出飞羽) int their waterprf feathers by the time the ice melts back t their habitats, and they are frced int the cld cean waters, where they die f cld expsure r drwning.
One thing that less sea ice definitely affects is fd fr the penguins. One f their fd surces is krill (磷虾), and the sea-ice shelves serve as a nursery fr the krill. The newly-brn krill feed n the algae (水藻) that grw n the underside f the sea ice. When there is less sea ice, there is less algae fr the krill t feed n, and cnsequently less krill is prduced.
Measures shuld be taken t prtect these animals. Peple can dnate t rganizatins that are wrking t prtect Emperr penguins and ther penguin species, and ur ceans in general. Reducing yur impact n the envirnment, in particular, is smething yu can d—yu can make these tiny changes t lwer yur carbn ftprint every day. Yu can als be mindful abut reducing seafd cnsumptin and eating sustainably caught seafd, as verfishing is the secnd greatest threat t nearly every penguin species tday. Als, avid using supplements and ther prducts that cntain krill r krill il.
扬州中学2021届10月月考
阅读下面短文, 根据内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
There are sme imprtant regulatins parents can take t make sure their kids use cell phnes in a safe and respnsible way. When kids knw what the cnsequences are when rules aren’t fllwed, that makes life mre predictable fr them.
Mst kids are nt paying fr their cell phnes r their cell phne plans, s if yu paid fr it, yu wn it, which means yu have the right t take it away anytime if they disbey the rules yu set up earlier.
After a kid has a cell phne, suddenly parents discver data runs ut half way thrugh the mnth. This can get expensive and yur kids need t knw hw t mnitr their use. Als, teen cell phne addictin shuld be limited. Generally, it’s a gd idea t have n cell phne plicy while they are ding hmewrk and at bedtime.
Cme t agreement in advance abut what they are and aren’t allwed t dwnlad n their cell phne. There are sme really bad apps fr kids that yu dn’t want n their phnes.
Make sure yur kids understand hw t set up their privacy. Talk with them abut why guarding their privacy is s imprtant. Many teens truly have n cncept abut everything that a cell phne can share abut them including persnal infrmatin and their lcatin.
Yu want t cver what is and isn’t apprpriate t share via a cell phne. This definitely means phts and language used in emails and n scial media. But dn’t frget simpler things like prviding their address, their age r what schl they g t nline.
Lastly, there are times and places when using ne’s cell phne is nt apprpriate. In mvie theaters r during class time at schl the phne shuld be n silent and put away. Additinally, when smene is having a face t face cnversatin with them, they need t be lking at the persn, nt their phne.
2021届苏州市高三11月调研
阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Bees are very strange creatures. They have their wn way f telling each ther that they have fund a new flwer. They bring sme f its nectar (花蜜) back hme and then d a little dance that shws where the flwer is and hw far away it is.
In autumn the wrker bees g ut and cllect as much nectar and pllen (花粉) as they can carry. Then they return t make hney and stre it fr the lng cld winter.
Bees build their wn huses but they d nt always have rund tps like peple draw them in strybks. They are usually five streys high. The queen bee always has the bttm strey. In between the bttm strey and all the rest there are bars nly just wide enugh fr the wrkers t pass thrugh. The queen bee can never g up t the ther flrs because she is bigger than all the ther bees. The streys the queen can’t enter are where the stre rms are. There are rms fr pllen, nectar and ryal jellies (蜂王浆). If there is a fire the wrkers have t cver the walls and entrance f the rms. They have t mve the hney and the nectar and pllen away frm the ht walls f the rm.
The queen is the nly that can lay eggs. She mates with a male bee called a drne. Once the queen has laid the eggs she thrws the drne ut because a drne just sits arund eating hney and nectar. He cannt g ut and cllect pllen because drnes d nt have pllen-carrying things n their legs like the wrkers have.
Yung bees are called nurses because they have t nurse the newbrn bees whether they like it r nt. What a bee ends up being when it grws up depends n what it eats. If it is t be a queen it must feed n ryal jellies and it must never, ever set eyes n anther queen. If it des they must fight till nly ne f them is still alive.
篇1：阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
We already knw that the underwater wrld is anything but silent. It's full f natural sunds prduced by animals and by the mtin f the atmsphere and water. But tday's researchers are increasingly cncerned abut the man-made nises under the water. They are cnfusing- and even killing-fish, whales and ther marine animals.
Althugh hearing is imprtant t all animals, the special qualities f the undersea wrld emphasize the use f sund. Underwater sund allws marine animals t gather infrmatin and cmmunicate at great distances and frm all directins. Lud underwater nises can cause damage t their hearing. And nwadays it's becming t much fr marine wildlife. Evidence shws that whales will swim hundreds f miles, rapidly change their depth, and even beach themselves t get away frm the sunds f snar.
Yu might think lwer nises, typically caused by shipping r cnstructin, d nt pse a threat t marine animals. In fact, while they may nt kill the animals directly, they can disturb their ability t lcate fd, find mates and avid predatrs (掠食动物). Scientists lked at the effects f nise frm small mtrbats n cral-reef fish at the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. In the lab, the fish had been trained t recgnize the smell f three cmmn predatrs as a threat. Sme fish were trained in the presence f bat nise, while the thers had training with the natural sunds f the cean. It turned ut that the first grup shwed n fright reactins when expsed t the predatr. Hwever, the ther grup was scared. And under the influence f underwater nise n this grup, nly 20 percent f fish survived, cmpared t almst 70 percent f unexpsed fish.
Humans rely n the cean fr its natural resurces and bidiversity. The cean als plays an imprtant rle in regulating (调节)temperatures. As Custeau said, "Fr mst f histry, man has had t fight nature t survive; in this century he is beginning t realize that, in rder t survive, he must prtect it."
篇2：阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Althugh being famus might sund like a dream cme true, tday’s star, feeling like z animals, face pressures that few f us can imagine. They are at the center f much f the wrld’s attentin. Paparazzi camp utside their hmes, cameras ready. Tablids (小报) publish thrilling stries abut their persnal lives. Just imagine nt being able t d anything withut being phtgraphed r interrupted fr a signature.
Accrding t psychlgist Christina Villarreal, celebrities — famus peple — wrry cnstantly abut their public appearance. Eventually, they start t lse track f wh they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them, nt as the peple they were befre everyne knew their names. “Over time,” Villarreal says, “they feel separated and alne.”
The phenmenn f tracking celebrities has been arund fr ages. In the 4th century B.C., painters fllwed Alexander the Great int battle, hping t picture his victries fr his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sld-ut readings attracted thusands f fans, leading him t cmplain abut his lack f privacy. Tablids f the 1920s and 1930s ran articles abut film-stars in much the same way that mdern tablids and websites d.
Being a public figure tday, hwever, is a lt mre difficult than it used t be. Superstars cannt mve abut withut wrrying abut phtgraphers with mdern cameras. When they say smething silly r d smething ridiculus, there is always the Internet t spread the news in minutes and keep their “stry” alive frever.
If fame is s trublesme, why aren’t all celebrities running away frm it? The answer is there are still ways t deal with it. Sme stars stay calm by surrunding themselves with trusted friends and family r by escaping t remte places away frm big cities. They fcus nt n hw famus they are but n what they lve t d r whatever made them famus in the first place.
Smetimes a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still, even stars wh enjy full justice ften cmplain abut hw hard their lives are. They are tired f being famus already.
篇3：阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Are yu sick f ging t bed late and waking up tired? Then grab yur hiking bts and a tent. A new study suggests that a cuple days f camping in the great utdrs can reset yur circadian clck and help yu get mre sleep.
The circadian clck, mre cmmnly knwn as the bdy clck, is an internal system that tells ur bdies when it’s time t g t sleep and when it’s time t wake up. Scientists track this clck by measuring the amunt f melatnin circulating in a persn’s bld at any given time. In a healthy sleeper, melatnin levels rise a few hurs befre bedtime, stay high thrugh the night, and then settle back dwn when it’s time t wake up.
In ur mdern sciety, hwever, mst f us stay up many hurs past sunset and wuld prbably sleep in many hurs after sunrise if we culd. And the truble is, yur melatnin levels may still be high when yur alarm clck ges ff in the mrning, which leads t grgginess. It may als have ther health cnsequences as well, such as diabetes, verweight and heart disease.
Prfessr Kenneth Wright f the University f Clrad in the US wanted t see if ur bdy clcks can be reset by a shrt stay in nature. His team recruited 14 physically active vlunteers in their 20s and 30s. Nine went n a weekend camping trip, while the ther five stayed hme. At the end f the weekend, the researchers reprted that in just tw days, the campers’ bdy clck had shifted s that their melatnin levels began t rise mre than an hur earlier than they did befre they left n the trip. By cntrast, the bdy clcks f the grup that stayed hme shifted even later ver the curse f the weekend. “This tells us we can reset ur clcks fast,” Wright said.
Therefre, if yu want t change yur sleep patterns yu culd try t increase yur expsure t natural light during the day and decrease the amunt f artificial light yu see at night.
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篇4：阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Nwadays, an increasing number f yung Chinese spend mney because they are "lazy".Accrding t a reprt issued in December by China's e-cmmerce platfrm Taba n China's "lazy ecnmy", Chinese peple spent 16 billin yuan n prducts and services nline in 2018.The pst-1995 generatin was the "laziest" as its cnsumptin increased by 82 percent, cmpared with that in 2017.
The s-called lazy ecnmy refers t a new type f cnsumptin f prducts and services which are designed t save time and labr. Accrding t the reprt, many peple f the pst-1995 generatin buy high-tech electrnic devices such as flr mpping rbts and autmatic windw cleaners, which save the truble f ding husehld chres. Meanwhile, take-ut fd delivery services are als ppular amng peple brn after 1995.
Yung peple are willing t spend mney n such prducts because they want t enjy hard-earned leisure time after a busy and stressful day at wrk r schl, reprted Glbal Times. Because they need t fcus n their studies r jbs, these s-called lazy peple tend t use their leisure time mre efficiently. Fr example, Wei Du, a 21-year-ld cllege student, is a frequent user f take-ut fd delivery services. "I nce had a birthday cake delivered t my friend wh lives far frm my hme. It cst me 50 yuan but it saved me almst half a day that wuld have been needed t deliver it myself. My friend was als happy because she gt t eat the cake instantly," Wei tld the Glbal Times.
While the “lazy ecnmy” might be cnvenient fr yung peple, it might als create prblems. The 'lazy ecnmy' n campus is expressed in things like peple buying fd r ther things withut leaving the drmitry. As a result, they stay in their drmitries all day lng, playing n cmputers and smart phnes. Accrding t Jinan Daily, this situatin culd lead t yung peple becming less sciable and even develping prblems f cmmunicating with thers. Yung peple shuld be alert(警觉的)t it.