Day 13 2022高考英语 思维导图识记3500词汇+阅读打卡（word+ppt+思维导图原件）

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Day 13      2022高考英语3500词汇阅读打卡板块一：brainstorming板块二：高频词汇词义用法精析    promote vt.推广,宣传;促销;促进,推动考点必记(1)promote a product促销一种产品promote...to...把……提拔到……promote friendship增进友谊(2)promotion n.提拔,促进get/win promotion获得晋级(3)promoter n.促销者;促进者 announce vt.通告,宣告考点必记(1)announce for 宣布参加竞选/支持(某人)announce sth to sb向某人宣布某事It’s announced that...据宣布……(2)announcement n.宣告,发表make an announcement 发通知announcer n.广播员,报幕员 preserve v.保存,保藏,储存考点必记(1)preserve...from...=protect...from...保护……免受……be well preserved (人)保养得很好(2)preservation n.保护,保存;保留,维持in good preservation处于良好的保存状态       access n.(接近的)方法;通路;入径;(使用或见到的)机会;权利(常与to连用);可接近性　vt.进入;使用考点必记(1)have/get/obtain/gain access to拥有……的机会;可以接近;进入give access to准许进入/接近(2)accessible adj.可到达的;易懂的;随和的be accessible to可接近的;可靠近的;可使用的 prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;妨碍,阻止;使不可能考点必记prohibit sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事prohibit(sb’s)doing sth禁止(某人)做某事prohibited adj.被禁止的prohibit的同义词还有forbid和ban,“禁止某人做某事”的表达还有:forbid/ban sb from doing sth      occupy vt.占据(时间、空间等);使忙于考点必记(1)occupy oneself with sth/in doing sth忙于(做)某事(2)occupied adj.已占用的;无空闲的be occupied(房间、座位、床位等)被占用;被占有be occupied (in)doing sth忙于做某事be occupied with sth从事/忙于某事(3)occupation n.工作;职业;占据     deserve vt.值得;应得;应受考点必记(1)deserve sth值得某事deserve to do sth值得做某事deserve doing=deserve to be done 值得被做(2)deserving adj.应得的,值得的 preserve v.保存,保藏,储存考点必记(1)preserve...from...=protect...from...保护……免受……be well preserved (人)保养得很好(2)preservation n.保护,保存;保留,维持in good preservation处于良好的保存状态       observe vt.看到;注意到;观察;监视;遵守;庆祝;陈述考点必记(1)observe sb do/doing sth观察到某人做/正在做某事observe+that从句/wh-从句 观察到……(2)observation n.观察;评论under observation 受监视,受观察make an observation about sth就某事发表评论(3)observer n.观测者 reservation n.预订,预约;保留意见(1)make a reservation预订without reservation毫无保留地(2)reserve v. 保留;贮备　n.储备(量);储藏(量)reserve sth for sb为某人准备某物in reserve备用        supply vt.提供,供给,补给　n.供应品;供给考点必记supply,provide与offer(1)supply v.供给;补给　supply+gas,water,etc.用在公用事业方面的居多,着重表示替换或补足所需之物,满足要求;还可用作名词,意为“供给(量),物资,存货”。(2)provide v.供给,提供;装备　provide+services,etc.强调有预见,并通过储存或准备的方式为某事做准备,以在需要的时候提供所需物品。常用搭配:provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb(3)offer v.提出,提供;呈现;出价　offer+drink,paper,etc.向别人提供帮助、服务或物品,可能是对方要求的也可能是自己主动提供的。常用搭配:offer to help sb/offer sb sth/offer sth to sb      conduct vt.实施;指挥(乐队);进行;传导　n.举止;行为考点必记(1)conduct an experiment/inquiry/opera 进行实验/询问/指挥歌剧conduct oneself 举止,表现(2)conduction n.传导conductor n.(乐队等的)指挥;售票员(3)conductive adj.导电的;能传导的     reduce vt.&vi.减少考点必记(1)reduce sth to...把……减少到……reduce sth by...把……减少了……reduce sb to...把某人(从某级别或职位)降至……(2)reduction n.减少;缩小      progress   n. 前进；行进；进展；进步；上进；巡行；巡游V.前进；行进；进展；进步；使（任务；事业）取得持续进展考点必记progressive     adj. 进步的；先进的 n. 改革论者；进步分子progressively    adv. 渐进地；日益增多地progression      n. 前进；连续progressivism    n. 进步主义；革新论单词辨析progress 指按某一既定目标前进，取得发展，目的性很明确，强调经常和稳定地前进。move on 非正式用语，侧重从某一停止点向某地前进，但不表示前进的目的地。proceed 侧重指继续前进。advance 主要用于具体的人或物，也可指科学技术和运动等。go 最常用词，含义宽泛而不确切，依上文确定其具体意思。      success  n.  成功；兴旺；发迹；获得欢迎；赢得利润；成功的事物；结果考点必记successful     adj. 成功的；一帆风顺的successfully    adv. 成功地；顺利地successor      n. 继承者；后续的事物succeed       vi. 成功；继承；继任；兴旺 vt. 继承；接替；继…之后板块三：阅读训练Passage A Eyes are said to be the window to the soul — but researchers at Google see them as indicators of a person’s health. A study suggests that Google’s computers can predict whether someone is at risk of a heart attack by analyzing a photograph of their retina (视网膜).The research relied on a convolutional neural network, a type of deep-learning algorithm (算法) that is transforming how biologists analyse images. Google’s approach is part of a wave of new deep-learning applications that are making image processing easier and could even identify overlooked biological phenomena.The approach took off in the tech sector around 2012, but scientists struggled to apply the networks to biology, in part because of cultural differences between fields. “Take a group of smart biologists and put them in a room of smart computer scientists and they will talk two different languages to each other, and have different mindsets,” says Daphne Koller, chief computing officer at Calico.However, through years of study, some scientists have seen a shift that has never happened before in how well machine learning can accomplish biological tasks that have to do with imaging. Others are most excited by the idea that analysing images with convolutional neural networks could unknowingly reveal unnoticeable biological phenomena, encouraging biologists to ask questions they might not have considered before.Such discoveries could help to advance disease research. If deep learning can reveal markers of cancer in an individual cell, it could help to bring about new assumptions about how cancer spreads.Other machine-learning experts in biology have set their sights on new frontiers, now that convolutional neural networks are taking flight for image processing. “Imaging is important, but so is chemistry and molecular (分子) data,” says Alex Wolf, a computational biologist. Wolf hopes to improve neural networks so that they can analyse gene expression. “I think there will be a very big breakthrough in the next few years,” he says.1. What do we know about a convolutional neural network?A. It can predict diseases. B. It is a learning machine.C. It can transform images. D. It is an image processor.2. What can we infer from Daphne Koller’s words?A. Barriers exist in certain fields. B. Scientists have different research aims.C. Characters prevent scientific cooperation. D. Technical limitation is the biggest challenge.3. With further study of convolutional neural networks, ______.A. many biological questions get answeredB. it drives biologists to explore the field widelyC. image analysis can go on without being noticedD. many deep-learning applications have been improved4. What is implied in the last paragraph?A. Neural networks are promising. B. It is convenient to process images.C. It is necessary to work on new frontiers. D. Analyzing gene expression is imperfect.参考答案：这是一篇说明文。主要讲述卷积神经网络在图像处理领域的兴起和应用。1.细节理解题。由文章第一段“Eyes are said to be the window to the soul — but researchers at Google see them as indicators of a person’s health. A study suggests that Google’s computers can predict whether someone is at risk of a heart attack by analyzing a photograph of their retina”（据说眼睛是通向灵魂的窗口，但谷歌的研究人员将其视为一个人健康的指标。一项研究表明，谷歌的计算机可以通过分析一个人的视网膜照片来预测他是否有心脏病发作的风险）以及第二段“The research relied on a convolutional neural network, a type of deep-learning algorithm that is transforming how biologists analyse images. Google’s approach is part of a wave of new deep-learning applications that are making image processing easier and could even identify overlooked biological phenomena.”（这项研究依赖于卷积神经网络，这是一种深度学习算法，正在改变生物学家分析图像的方式。谷歌的方法是新一轮深度学习应用程序的一部分，这些应用程序使图像处理变得更容易，甚至可以识别被忽视的生物现象。）可知， a convolutional neural network是一种深度学习算法，可用来帮助预测人是否有疾病。故选A项。2.推理判断题。由文章第三段“The approach took off in the tech sector around 2012, but scientists struggled to apply the networks to biology, in part because of cultural differences between fields. ”（这种方法在2012年左右在科技领域开始流行，但科学家们难以将这种网络应用于生物学，部分原因是不同领域之间的文化差异。）可推知，后文Daphne Koller举例的那一段话就是为了说明论证前面 cultural differences between fields，说明在不同领域会存在的文化不同，形成交流障碍。故选A项。3.推理判断题。由文章第四段“ Others are most excited by the idea that analysing images with convolutional neural networks could unknowingly reveal unnoticeable biological phenomena, encouraging biologists to ask questions they might not have considered before.”（另一些人则最为兴奋的是，使用卷积神经网络分析图像可能会在不知不觉中揭示不可见的生物现象，从而鼓励生物学家提出他们以前可能没有考虑过的问题。）可推知，卷积神经网络分析图像可能会让生物学家更深入广泛地探索他们的领域。故选B项。4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段“ “Imaging is important, but so is chemistry and molecular data,” says Alex Wolf, a computational biologist. Wolf hopes to improve neural networks so that they can analyse gene expression. “I think there will be a very big breakthrough in the next few years,” he says.”（“成像很重要，但化学和分子数据也很重要，”计算生物学家亚历克斯·沃尔夫说。沃尔夫希望改进神经网络，使其能够分析基因表达。“我认为未来几年将会有一个非常大的突破，”他说。）可推知，神经网络将有一个很有钱途的将来。故选A项。Passage B If you intend to hold a party for your friend traveling overseas, it is necessary to have the party area decorated to your theme. Here are some useful tips that can help you.Make full use of colors for the decoration. Use colors that match the country your friend is leaving and the country your friend is going to. ____1____ You decorate half the area with colors your friend likes. And the other half has colors and things that represent the culture of the new country.____2____ Additionally, think about including items that your co-worker or friend has expressed excitement about when retired. Maybe this person has expressed a desire to sit on the bench and read books. ____3____ Add a nice chair and a side table with some books. This area can also be the guest of honor’s special party throne (宝座).Streamers (饰带) are always good decorations. Get streamers in the person’s favorite colors, or ones symbolic of something to do with the farewell. ____4____ This map shows where your guest is leaving from and going to.Think about including a special area where you can place a book or card for everyone to sign and write a note. You can also tailor this to your theme. If your friend is moving overseas, maybe you get a bottle and small roles of paper. Thus people can write notes on the paper. ____5____A．Notes are important to deliver messages.B．You can even use streamers to make a map.C．Maybe you can divide the party area in half.D．And then they can place the notes into the bottle.E．How about providing a bookshelf to attract your guests?F．Have little clocks or similar work items for someone retiring.G．Why not decorate a corner of the room to look like a reading area?本文是一篇说明文。主要针对为要去国外的朋友举办聚会如何布置，给出了一些建议。1．根据下文“You decorate half the area with colors your friend likes. And the other half has colors and things that represent the culture of the new country.”可知，这里说的是把聚会区域一分为二，C项“也许你可以把聚会区一分为二。”符合题意，故选择C项。2．根据下文“Additionally, think about including items that your co-worker or friend has expressed excitement about when retired.”可知，这里说的是考虑朋友或者是同事退休时的需要，F项“为即将退休的人准备小闹钟或类似的工作用品”符合题意，故选择F项。3．根据上文“ Maybe this person has expressed a desire to sit on the bench and read books. ”下文“Add a nice chair and a side table with some books.”可知，上文说的是建议把房间的一角装饰城一个阅读区，G项“为什么不把房间的一角装饰成一个阅读区呢？”符合题意，故选择G项。4．根据下文“This map shows where your guest is leaving from and going to.”可知，上文说的是你可以用饰带制作地图，B项“你甚至可以使用饰带制作地图。”符合题意，map是关键词。故选择B项。5．根据上文“If your friend is moving overseas, maybe you get a bottle and small roles of paper. Thus people can write notes on the paper.（如果你的朋友要移居海外，也许你会拿一瓶子和一些小纸片。这样人们就可以在纸上写留言了。）”可知，瓶子和纸条准备好后，就可以把纸条放进瓶子里了，D项“然后他们可以把纸条放进瓶子里。”符合题意，故选择D项。Passage C The colorful clothes we wear today are made by machines. But what did ancient people do if they wanted to wear ___1___(some) colorful? Tie-dye (扎染) was a way to do this. More than 1000 years ago, the Bai people in Yunan used tie-dye to dye their clothes. Then this skill became so popular ___2___ people gave tie-dye clothes to the emperor as gifts. To tie-dye, you need to first use tools ___83___ (tie) , sew, or clip (夹住) your cloth. Then the folded cloth ___4___ (put) in dye. The Bai people usually make blue dye from ___5___ plant. As the cloth is folded, some parts become dark blue, while other parts have a ___6___ (light) color. When you unfold the cloth, you will see beautiful patterns. ___7___ the 1960s, tie-dye became a fashion trend in the US. People tie-dyed T-shirts and jeans in ___8___(imagine) ways. Many children in the US still learn tie-dye in their art ___9___ (class).At a recent famous show, an Italian designer surprised people with the tie-dye dresses. "Tie-dye is like an experiment. People cannot imagine the patterns of the cloth if they don't see them. It's a surprise," the designer said. There is no doubt that the tie-dye trend has never really ____10____ (go) away参考答案：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代人们染布料的方法——扎染，这个方法如今仍然受人们地欢迎，可见扎染潮流从未真正消失。1．考查不定代词。分析句子结构可知they是主语相当于people，wanted to wear是谓语， ______ colorful是宾语，宾语部分是个泛指概念，通过括号给的信息词some可知是表达“穿……物件”应用something。故填something。2．考查固定句型。此处引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”应用so…that…。故填that。3．考查非谓语动词。句意：要扎染，你需要先用工具来绑、缝或夹你的衣服。结合句意表示“用……做某事”短语为use sth. to do。故填to tie。4．考查时态语态。主语the folded cloth与谓语构成被动关系，表常规、习惯做法，所以时态用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为the folded cloth，谓语用单数。故填is put。5．考查冠词。plant可数名词，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词，且plant是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。6．考查形容词比较级。句意：当布料折叠时，有些部分会变成深蓝色，而另一些部分会变成浅色。此处表示前后的对比，表示“更浅的”，light要用比较级。故填lighter。7．考查介词。结合句意表示“二十世纪六十年代”前要用介词in，句首单词首字母要大写，故填In。8．考查形容词。句意：人们以富有想象力的方式扎染T恤和牛仔裤。修饰名词ways，应用形容词imaginative，作定语，故填imaginative。9．考查名词的数。句意：在美国，许多孩子仍然在美术课上学习扎染。class为可数名词，前文没有冠词，此处指不止一节课，应用复数，故填classes。10．考查时态。句意：毫无疑问，扎染潮流从未真正消失。根据上文has never really可知，为现在完成时态。故填gone。