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2022年山西省临汾市高考英语二模试卷 （含答案解析）
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这是一份2022年山西省临汾市高考英语二模试卷 （含答案解析），共19页。试卷主要包含了62 miles）wide，【答案】A、A、C，【答案】C、B、B、C，【答案】C、D、D、D等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022年山西省临汾市高考英语二模试卷
A
Graphic Design for 13 to 16 Year Olds Online Short Course
Course description
Graphic Design for 13 to 16 year olds will explore the world of visual communication as you unravel the possibilities of graphic design.
Through a series of fun and engaging workshops,you will experiment with a range of hands-on materials and processes.
We'll encourage you to develop your work through brainstorming and visual research,to feed your inspiration.
Course outcomes
You'll leave with a small body of work and a broader understanding of the possibilities offered by working in the area of graphic design.You will have gained skills that can be used in building a future portfolio（作品集）.
All our Online Short Courses include：
*Live online lessons with the same tutors
*Access to VLE with course content
*Forums for support
*Certificate upon completion
How to book：
*Click "add to basket"
*If you are an adult booking a place for a child or teenager,you will need two email addresses,one for your booking confirmation email and one for the student
*Select the option to book for someone else
*Add the bookers' details under your details
If you need help with booking please use our online chat or call 0207 514 7015.Please note that all courses are taught in UK time.Online courses are closed to all new bookings 48 hours prior to the course starting.
1. How will the students learn through the course？ ______
A. By doing practical exercises.
B. By watching preloaded videos.
C. By conducting online research.
D. By receiving one-to-one instruction.
2. What can a student get after finishing the course？ ______
A. A certificate. B. A portfolio.
C. A job offer. D. A tutor's signature.
3. What calls for special attention when students book the course？ ______
A. Booking in UK time.
B. Calling to confirm in advance.
C. Booking at least two days before it starts.
D. Avoiding using more than one email address.
B
One day,I asked some college students to tell me the first word that came to mind when thinking about mathematics.The top words were "calculation" and "equation（等式）".Instead,the mathematicians offered phrases like "critical thinking" and "problem-solving."This is unfortunately common.What mathematicians think of is entirely different from what the general population thinks of.No wonder we hear "I hate math" so often.
So I set about solving this problem unconventionally.I decided to offer a class called "The Mathematics of Knitting".I removed pencil,paper,calculator and textbook from the classroom completely.Instead,we talked,used our hands,drew pictures and played with everything.And of course,we knit.
One essential and difficult part of mathematical content is the equation,and crucial to this is the equal sign,which is very strict.An equation like x=5 tells us the number 5 and the value of x must be exactly the same.Any small deviation（偏离）from "exactly" means two things are not equal.However,two quantities are always not exactly the same in life.Imagine that you have two square pillows.The first is red on top,yellow on the right,green on bottom and blue on the left.The second is yellow on the top,green on the right,blue on bottom,and red on the left.The pillows aren't exactly the same but certainly similar.In fact,they would be exactly the same if you turned the pillow with the red top once counterclockwise.
Another topic is referred to as "rubber sheet geometry".The idea is to imagine the whole world is made of rubber,then reimagine the shapes.Let's try to understand it with knitting.For example,while being made,a hat is shaped by three needles,making it look triangular.Then,once it comes off the needles,it relaxes into a circle.In fact,all polygons（多边形） become circles in this field of study.
The subjects above are typically reserved for math majors in college.If more mathematicians were able to set aside classical techniques,more people out there could embrace mathematical thought.
4. Why did the author start "The Mathematics of Knitting"？ ______
A. To promote traditional handicraft.
B. To cultivate the students' capacity to solve problems.
C. To remove the common misunderstanding about math.
D. To enhance the students' skills in the application of math.
5. What is the relationship between the equation in math and that in life？ ______
A. Same and exact. B. Same but different.
C. Equal and precise. D. Different but inseparable.
6. How does the author present what mathematics really is？ ______
A. By classifying reasons. B. By giving examples.
C. By analyzing results. D. By describing procedures.
7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ ______
A. Math：a novel skill of knitting
B. Knitting：an unconventional course
C. Different Flavors of Math Revealed by Knitting
D. The Calculation and Equation in Mathematical Content
C
Over the past few years,as architects and city planners have confronted the tragedy of our planet losing species at rates never seen in human history,many have started designing more greenery into urban areas,creating tidy plots of grass with non-native flowers.But European designers Hougaard and Qual find it problematic.These green spaces don't actually encourage wildlife to grow.To counter that,the designers created outdoor furniture that would be beautiful to look at,but also allow bugs,birds,and wildflowers to thrive ，nurturing biodiversity in cities and rewilding urban spaces.
The natural world tends to appear messy,chaotic,with plants and animals interacting with each other.Bacteria,plants,and insects thrive in rotting logs.Birds and bees create homes ir dead,hollow tree trunks.Weeds and flowers grow in wild patches of grass.People perceive this as messy and dirty,trying to get rid of them in cities despite the fact that even though wildlife appears chaotic,there is often method in the madness.
Qual had in mind when creating a large,leaf- shaped insect hotel to be placed on a flower bed.The structure contains wooden blocks with different size of holes for different insect species.Hougaard created a metal log bench with an empty space in the middle to provide a habitat for creatures.He also created planting containers without a base,which are placed right top of the soil and filled with different materials to provide a place for insects,reptiles,and small animals to hide and find food.They can also interact with earthworms and other creatures in the soil underneath,creating a thriving ecosystem.
Will people actually want to be so close to bugs,snakes,and nesting birds？The designers acknowledge that modern humans have been trained to stay away from such creatures.But these structures keep animals contained,while allowing people to observe and appreciate them safely.And ultimately,humans need to become much more comfortable living alongside wildlife.
8. What do Hougaard and Haul notice about creating tidy grass plots in urban areas？ ______
A. It encourages the growth of wildlife.
B. It keeps a more balanced ecosystem.
C. It doesn't increase species diversity.
D. It doesn't damage the habitat of species.
9. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2？ ______
A. To describe the peace of nature.
B. To introduce the law of the jungle.
C. To show the need for rewilding urban areas.
D. To provide the basis for designing outdoor furniture.
10. What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 3 refer to？ ______
A. The tragedy of losing species.
B. The goal to keep cities organized.
C. The plan to design more greenery.
D. The concept of order and messiness.
11. What can we infer about the author from the text？ ______
A. He is also a designer of insect hotels.
B. He is against keeping animals caged.
C. He is a strong advocate for a chaotic lifestyle.
D. He is in support of Hougaard and Qual's idea.
D
A new type of weather condition has been observed ，existing primarily in one particular part of the world：small,slow-moving,moisture-rich pools.Researchers are calling these atmospheric lakes.
This unique type of storm occurs over the western Indian Ocean and moves towards Africa.Unlike most storms created by a vortex （漩涡），the lakes are produced by water vapor concentrations that are dense enough to produce rain.These atmospheric lakes are similar to atmospheric rivers,narrow bands of dense moisture （水分密集）.However,the new type of meteorological phenomenon is smaller,slower moving,and separates itself from the atmospheric river that creates it.Existing as they do in an equatorial region where the wind speed is often very low,these atmospheric lakes are in no rush.
Over the five years,17 atmospheric lakes lasting longer than six days were discovered,within 10 degrees of the equator.A team is now being put together to run a full study on the phenomenon.One of the questions the researchers will be looking at is why atmospheric lakes themselves from the river - lake patterns they form from.The climate change angle is an important one,because if increasing temperatures in any way affect the formation and movement of atmospheric lakes,that could impact the rainfall that reaches the east coast of Africa.
According to Brian Mapes,an atmospheric scientist from the University of Miami,if all the water in a year's worth of atmospheric lakes were to become liquid at once,it would create a puddle just a few centimeters deep but a kilometer（0.62 miles）wide.That's a significant amount of precipitation （降水量）.Professor Mapes believes this could be a solution for the dry regions of East Africa,where millions of people live and need rainfall to survive.
It remains to be seen whether the concept of "atmospheric lake" can be widely accepted or not.However,it is obviously an effective way to explore nature to analyze various phenomena in the atmosphere and reveal their laws and possible impacts by using new sounding instruments and acquired data.
12. What mainly contributes to the formation of an atmospheric lake？ ______
A. A gentle vortex.
B. Large-scale moving winds.
C. A violent ocean storm.
D. Heavy water vapor concentrations.
13. What does the underlined word "detach" in Paragraph 3 mean？ ______
A. Separate. B. Defend. C. Recover. D. Prohibit.
14. What is probably the benefit of "atmospheric lakes"？ ______
A. Providing a solution to air pollution.
B. Easing the drought in parts of Africa.
C. Improving the quality of people's life.
D. Bringing abundant rainfall to southern Africa.
15. Which word best describes the author's attitude to the study of "atmospheric lakes"？ ______
A. Disapproving. B. Favorable. C. Ambiguous. D. Skeptical.
In the words of Tali Sharot,author of the book The Influential Mind：What the Brain Reveals About Our Power to Change Others,it is not difficult to influence others.
(1) ？Research suggests that people don't always act to avoid negative consequences.In one study,participants viewed pictures and had to act （press a button） or not act （not press a button）when a certain one appeared.The correct response would earn them a reward or save them from a loss.Ultimately,participants performed better when they had to act to earn a reward and not act to avoid a loss.
(2) ？While negative emotions and images encourage inaction,research also suggests that positive ones tend to inspire people to act.So you might try talking about your fancy gym or a fun fitness activity to get your family members to exercise.
When we're communicating negative information,listeners will be particularly influenced when stressed. (3) if you're a doctor trying to communicate disease risk to a stressed patient.People also have a tendency to ignore negative information,which can make them feel bad. (4) .In that case,it might be better to wait until people are more relaxed or to frame things in a positive way.
Another effective way to influence people is to give them control.If you're a parent,you may have discovered that kids are much more receptive to your suggestions if you let them pick between healthy snacks or after-dinner chores.They're anticipating a good result that they'll get to select for themselves. (5)
.
So influencing others isn't that challenging.
A.That might be of help
B.What should you do instead
C.Is this in line with common sense
D.So communicating bad news may be tricky
E.How does the brain respond to attempts at influence
F.Then would be influencers have more and more access to us
G.Giving away control,even a little or just the perception of it helps
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
"What do you want to be when you grow up？"When I was a kid,I (21)the question.Adults always seemed terribly disappointed that I wasn't (22) becoming something grand or(23)，like an astronaut.
Now,as an organizational psychologist,my job is to fix other people's jobs,and I've come to(24)that asking youngsters that question does them (25).
My first complaint about the question is that it (26) kids to define themselves in terms of work.If we define ourselves by our jobs,our(27) depends on what we achieve.So when you are (28) what you want to be,it's not socially (29) to say,"A father"，or,"A mother"，let alone, "A person of integrity".
The second (30) is the implication that there is one calling（使命）out there for everyone.Research shows that (31) one leaves students feeling lost and (32).After all,not everyone has that talent for grand jobs.
If you manage to(33) the above barriers,there is a third hurdle（难关）：Careers rarely live up to your childhood (34).In one study,looking fora（n） (35) job left college seniors feeling more anxious and less satisfied with the (36).As Tim Urban writes,happiness is reality minus expectations.It's clear how expectations (37)our perceived happiness.If you .are looking for extreme happiness,you're bound to be (38).
Asking kids what they want to be leads them to(39)，a career identity they might never want to earn. (40)，invite them to think about the different things they might want to do.
21. A. considered B. feared C. explained D. recalled
22. A. dreaming of B. objecting to C. focusing on D. sticking to
23. A. average B. humble C. heroic D. romantic
24. A. prefer B. remember C. believe D. anticipate
25. A. harm B. good C. wrong D. honor
26. A. forces B. troubles C. commands D. forbids
27. A. status B. experience C. worth D. fame
28. A. taught B. asked C. guided D. consulted
29. A. rejected B. accurate C. confirmed D. acceptable
30. A. thought B. division C. assumption D. problem
31. A. picking up B. searching for
C. praying for C.taking over
32. A. bored B. impatient C. intolerant D. confused
33. A. strengthen B. control C. build D. overcome
34. A. efforts B. struggles C. ambitions D. gains
35. A. ideal B. permanent C. ordinary D. specific
36. A. benefit B. outcome C. solution D. truth
37. A. boost B. contain C. guarantee D. affect
38. A. disappointed B. addicted C. delighted D. embarrassed
39. A. refuse B. claim C. keep D. ignore
40. A. Meanwhile B. Otherwise C. Instead D. However
41. Two young Chinese athletes placed a torch in the center of a giant snowflake during the opening ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.One of the two athletes,Dinigeer Yilamujiang,was born in the Altay Prefecture, (1) （ locate） in the northern part of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, (2) （ wide） acknowledged as the birthplace of human skiing.
In earlier times,artifacts from Scandinavian and Russian archaeology proved the (3) （ exist） of ancient skiing,with the oldest found in Russia (4) （ date） back to 8，000-7，000 years.In 2005，the record (5) （ break）.A group of farmers in the Altay region went to a cave to hide from the rain,only (6) （ find） cave paintings describing men stepping on twin snowboards (7) prey （猎物） carried on their backs.It turned out that,according to archaeologists' analyses,the cave paintings were drawn 12，000 years ago,some 4，000 years (8) the artifacts from Russia were believed to have been made.
After Beijing's successful bid to host the Winter Olympics,experts from 18 countries including Norway and Russia paid a visit to Altay to study the "potential origin of human skiing activity," after (9) they jointly issued a declaration in 2015，recognizing Xinjiang's Altay as the (10) （ early） skiing region in the world.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语门错误。每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（ \）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：（ 1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I accidentally get a fish bone stuck in my throat and I have ever eaten fish since.But one day,the fish soup my mother made smelt very fresh that my mouth was watering.I couldn't wait to pick up a bowl of the fish soup.I was about to drink then my consciousness seemed to be divided into two half,half an angel and half a demon.The angel said："Be cautious over it".But the demon said："Have it!" I remembered what it felt to have the bone stuck,so eventually I put down.Mom was amusing and said,"Once bitten,twice shy!"
《感动中国（Touching China）》播放之后，你校决定举办以"Follow the lead" 为题的英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括：
（1）感动你的人物事迹；
（2）如何践行优秀品质。
注意：
①词数100左右；
②题目和首句已为你写好。
Follow the leadIt's a great honor for me to stand here and address my speech entitled "Follow the lead"._______答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、A、C
【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据Course description部分的"Through aseries of fun and engaging workshops,you will experiment with a range ofhands-on materials and processes.（通过一系列有趣和吸引人的研讨会，您将尝试一系列动手操作材料和过程）"可知，学生在该课程上通过做实际练习来进行学习。故选A。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据Allour Online Short Courses include部分的"*Certificate upon completion"可知，学习完成后学生将获得一份证书。故选A。
（3）C.细节理解题。根据最后一段的"Onlinecourses are closed to all new bookings 48 hours prior to the course starting.（在线课程在课程开始前48小时对所有新预订关闭）"可知，学生在预定课程时尤其要注意，至少在活动开始前两天预约。故选C。
这是一篇应用文。文章是一则广告，介绍了面向13至16岁儿童的平面设计在线短期课程，包括课程内容、成果和预定方式等。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
4~7.【答案】C、B、B、C
【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。根据第二段中的I decided to offer a class called "The Mathematics of Knitting".I removed pencil,paper,calculator and textbook from the classroom completely.Instead,we talked,used our hands,drew pictures and played with everything.我决定开设一门叫做"针织数学"的课程。我把铅笔、纸、计算器和教科书从教室里完全拿了出来。相反，我们聊天，动手，画画，什么都玩。可知，作者开设"编织数学"的课程是为了消除人们对数学的误解。故选C。
（2）B.细节理解题。根据第三段中的An equation like x=5 tells us the number 5 and the value of x must be exactly the same.比如x=5这样的方程告诉我们数字5和x的值必须完全相同。及However,two quantities are always not exactly the same in life.然而，在生活中，两个量总是不完全相同的。可知，数学方程式和生活方程式之间的关系是相同但又是不同的。故选B。
（3）B.推理判断题。根据第三段中的Imagine that you have two square pillows.想象一下，你有两个方形枕头。及第四段中的Let's try to understand it with knitting.让我们试着用编织来理解这个概念。可知，作者是通过举例子的方式来说明数学是什么。故选B。
（4）C.标题判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段中的If more mathematicians were able to set aside classical techniques,more people out there could embrace mathematical thought.如果更多的数学家能够抛开经典技术，更多的人可以接受数学思想。可知，本文主要讲述了作者在课堂上不用铅笔、纸张、计算器等通常被认为和数学相关的东西，而是让学生交谈、画画和编织来学习数学，并通过编织来解释数学。由此可知，本文的最佳标题是：编织展现出的不同数学风格。结合选项：A.Math：a novel skill of knitting数学：一种新颖的编织技巧；B.Knitting：an unconventional course编织：一门非传统课程；C.Different Flavors of Math Revealed by Knitting编织展现出的不同数学风格；D.The Calculation and Equation in Mathematical Content数学内容中的计算和方程式。故选C。
这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者在课堂上不用铅笔、纸张、计算器等通常被认为和数学相关的东西，而是让学生交谈、画画和编织来学习数学，并通过编织来解释数学。
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。
8~11.【答案】C、D、D、D
【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第一段"But European designers Hougaard and Qual find it problematic.These green spaces don't actually encourage wildlife to grow.（但欧洲设计师霍加德和奎尔发现这有问题。这些绿地实际上并不鼓励野生生物生长。）"可知，霍加德和奎尔注意到这些绿地并不鼓励野生生物生长，不会增加物种多样性。故选C项。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据第二段"The natural world tends to appear messy,chaotic,with plants and animals interacting with each other.（自然界往往显得杂乱无章，动植物相互作用。）"以及第三段"Qual had this in mind when creating a large,leaf-shaped insect hotel to be placed on a flower bed.（奎尔在创建一个大型叶子状昆虫旅馆时就考虑到了这一点，旅馆将被安置在花坛上。）"可知，自然界虽然显得杂乱，但是动植物是相互作用着的，设计师们在设计户外家具时会考虑到这一点，所以作者打算通过本段为户外家具的设计提供依据。故选D项。
（3）D.代词指代题。根据第二段"People perceive this as messy and dirty,trying to get rid of them in cities despite the fact that even though wildlife appears chaotic,there is often method in the madness.（人们认为这是混乱和肮脏的，试图在城市里除掉它们，尽管事实是，尽管野生动物看起来很混乱，但在疯狂中往往有条理。）"第三段"Qual had this in mind when creating a large,leaf-shaped insect hotel to be placed on a flower bed.（奎尔在创建一个大型叶子状昆虫旅馆时就考虑到了这一点，旅馆将被安置在花坛上。）"可知，奎尔在创建昆虫旅馆时考虑到了条理和混乱的概念，this指代"条理和混乱的概念"。A.The tragedy of losing species.失去物种的悲剧；B.The goal to keep cities organized.保持城市有序的目标；C.The plan to design more greenery.设计更多绿色植物的计划；D.The concept of order and messiness.条理和混乱的概念。故选D项。
（4）D.推理判断题。根据最后一段"But these structures keep animals contained,while allowing people to observe and appreciate them safely.And ultimately,humans need to become much more comfortable living alongside wildlife.（但这些结构让动物待在里面，同时允许人们安全地观察和欣赏它们。最终，人类需要更舒适地与野生生物生活在一起。）"可知，作者认为霍加德和奎尔设计的结构可以让人们安全地观察和欣赏它们，最终更加舒适地和野生生物生活在一起，所以作者支持霍加德和奎尔的想法。故选D项。
本文主要介绍了设计师们设计出外观户外家具，这些结构可以让动物待在里面，同时允许人们安全地观察和欣赏它们。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
12~15.【答案】D、A、B、B
【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第二段的"Unlikemost storms created by a vortex（漩涡），the lakes are produced by water vapor concentrations that aredense enough to produce rain. （与大多数由漩涡产生的风暴不同，这些湖泊是由密度足以产生雨水的水蒸气浓度形成的）"可知，高浓度的水蒸气导致了大气湖泊的形成。故选D。
（2）A.词句猜测题。根据划线词后文"Theclimate change angle is an important one,because if increasing temperatures inany way affect the formation and movement of atmospheric lakes,that couldimpact the rainfall that reaches the east coast of Africa.（气候变化角度是一个重要的角度，因为如果气温上升以任何方式影响大气湖泊的形成和移动，就可能影响到达非洲东海岸的降雨）"可知，大气湖泊是可以移动的。由此可知，大气湖泊可以从它们形成的河湖模式中分离出来。即划线词意为"分离，脱离"，与separate同义。A.Separate分离；B.Defend保卫；C.Recover恢复；D.Prohibit禁止。故选A。
（3）B.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的"ifall the water in a year's worth of atmospheric lakes were to become liquid at once,it would create a puddle just a few centimeters deep but a kilometer （0.62 miles） wide.That's a significant amount of precipitation（降水量）.Professor Mapes believes thiscould be a solution for the dry regions of East Africa,where millions ofpeople live and need rainfall to survive.（如果一年的大气湖泊的水全部变成液体，就会形成一个只有几厘米深但宽1公里（0.62英里）的水坑。这是一个相当可观的降水量。Mapes教授认为，这可能是东非干旱地区的一个解决方案，那里有数百万人生活，需要降雨才能生存）"可知，大气湖泊可能在缓解非洲某些地区干旱方面有帮助。故选B。
（4）B.情感态度题。根据最后一段"However,it is obviously an effective way to explore nature to analyze various phenomenain the atmosphere and reveal their laws and possible impacts by using newsounding instruments and acquired data.（然而，利用新的探测仪器和获取的数据分析大气中的各种现象，揭示它们的规律和可能的影响，显然是探索自然的有效途径）"推知，作者对大气湖泊的研究持支持态度。故选B。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大气湖泊是如何形成的，以及可能带来的影响。
做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
16~20.【答案】E、B、A、D、G
【解析】（1）E.推理判断题。空处位于段首，应开启下文。根据下文"Research suggests that people don't always act to avoid negative consequences.In one study,participants viewed pictures and had to act （press a button） or not act （not press a button） when a certain one appeared.The correct response would earn them a reward or save them from a loss.Ultimately,participants performed better when they had to act to earn a reward and not act to avoid a loss.（研究表明，人们并不总是为了避免负面后果而采取行动。在一项研究中，参与者观看图片，当有特定的图片出现时，他们必须采取行动（按下按钮）或不采取行动（不按按钮）。正确的反应将为他们赢得奖励或避免损失。最终，当参与者必须采取行动以获得奖励，而不是采取行动以避免损失时，他们表现得更好。）"可知，下文描述了人们对特殊情况是如何进行反应的。结合第一段Tali Sharot认为影响他人并不难和她的书《有影响力的头脑：大脑揭示了我们改变他人的力量》，推知空处提出"大脑对施加给它的行为有何反应？"。E项"大脑对试图施加影响的行为有何反应"符合语境，下文是对该问题的问题，选项中的brain呼应上文的brain。故选E。
（2）B.推理判断题。空处位于段首，应开启下文。根据下文"While negative emotions and images encourage inaction,research also suggests that positive ones tend to inspire people to act.So you might try talking about your fancy gym or a fun fitness activity to get your family members to exercise.（虽然消极的情绪和图像会让人无所作为，但研究也表明，积极的情绪和图像往往会激励人们采取行动。所以你可以试着谈论你的高档健身房或有趣的健身活动，让你的家人去锻炼。）"可知，本段建议人们通过谈论积极的东西，激励人们采取行动。B项"你应该怎么做呢？"符合语境，引出下文。故选B。
（3）A.细节理解题。根据上文"When we're communicating negative information,listeners will be particularly influenced when stressed.（当我们传达负面信息时，对方在压力下会受到特别大的影响。）"和下文"if you're a doctor trying to communicate disease risk to a stressed patient.（如果你是一名医生，试图将疾病风险传达给压力很大的病人。）"可知，传递负面信息会让听话的人压力特别大，所以作为医生把疾病风险告诉给压力很大的病人可能是有用的。A项"这可能会有所帮助。"符合语境，that指代"if you're a doctor trying to communicate disease risk to a stressed patient"。故选A。
（4）D.逻辑关系题。根据上文"People also have a tendency to ignore negative information,which can make them feel bad.（人们也有忽视让他们感觉不好的负面信息的倾向。）"可知，人们常常会忽略让自己感觉不好的负面信息，因此和别人谈论负面消息可能不是那么容易。D项"所以传达坏消息可能很棘手。"符合语境，和上文构成因果关系。故选D。
（5）G.细节理解题。根据"Another effective way to influence people is to give them control. （另一个影响他人的有效方法是给予他们控制权。）"可知，本段主要陈述通过给别人控制权来影响他们。再结合上文"If you're a parent,you may have discovered that kids are much more receptive to your suggestions if you let them pick between healthy snacks or after-dinner chores.They're anticipating a good result that they'll get to select for themselves.（如果你是一位家长，你可能已经发现，如果你让孩子们在健康的零食和饭后的家务之间做出选择，他们会更容易接受你的建议。他们期待着一个好的结果，他们可以自己选择。）"可知，家长适当放弃控制，让孩子拥有选择或控制的权力，结果会更好。G项"放弃控制权，哪怕是一点点或仅仅是对它的感知都会有所帮助。"符合题意，control是关键词。故选G。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何轻松地影响他人。
"七选五"这样的题型，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项。得出正确的答案。
21~40.【答案】B、A、C、C、A、A、C、B、D、D、B、D、D、C、A、B、D、A、B、C
【解析】（1）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.considered考虑；B.feared害怕；C.explained解释；D.recalled回想起。句意：当我是个孩子时，我害怕这个问题。根据下文中的"Adults always seemed terribly disappointed that I wasn't（2）becoming something grand or（3），like an astronaut"可知，成年人对作者的回答总是感到失望。所以作者很害怕被问到这个问题。他的回答让成年人不满意。故选B。
（2）A.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.dreaming of梦想；B.objecting to反对；C.focusing on集中....；D.sticking to坚持。句意：大人们似乎总是非常失望，因为我没有梦想成为伟大的或英雄般的人物，比如宇航员。根据上文中的"What do you want to be when you grow up？"可知，该处提到的是作者长大之后的梦想。故选A。
（3）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.average平均的；B.humble谦卑的，谦虚的：C.heroic英雄的，英勇的；D.romantic浪漫的。句意：大人们似乎总是非常失望，因为我没有梦想成为伟大的或英雄般的人物，比如宇航员。根据下文中的"like an astronaut"可知，宇航员属于伟大的或英雄般的人物。故选C。
（4）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.prefer更喜欢；B.remember记住；C.believe相信，认为；D.anticipate预期，预料。句意：现在，作为一名组织心理学家，我的工作是解决别人的工作，我开始相信，问年轻人这个问题会伤害他们。根据后面的"that asking youngsters that question does them（5）"可知，这是作者作为心理学家的观点或看法。他认为问年轻人这个问题会伤害他们。故选C。
（5）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.harm伤害；B.good益处；C.wrong坏事，冤枉；D.honor荣誉。句意：现在，作为一名组织心理学家，我的工作是解决别人的工作，我开始相信，问年轻人这个问题会伤害他们。根据下文中的"My first complaint about the question"可知，作者对这个问题心存抱怨。由此推知，这个问题对孩子们来说并不好，对他们会造成伤害。故选A。
（6）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.forces强迫，迫使；B.troubles使烦恼；C.commands命令；D.forbids禁止。句意：我对这个问题的第一个抱怨是，它迫使孩子们从工作的角度来定义自己。空前的"My first complaint about the question"可知，这个问题对孩子们有害。当问孩子们长大之后的梦想的时候，孩子们就被迫从工作角度来定义自己。故选A。
（7）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.status地位；B.experience经历，经验；C.worth价值；D.fame名声。句意：如果我们用工作来定义自己，那么我们的价值就取决于我们的成就。根据上文"If we define ourselves by our jobs"可以推知，如果我们用工作来定义自己，那么，我们在工作中取得的成就决定了我们个人价值。工作好，成就高，个人价值就高。反之，工作不好，成就低，个人价值就低。故选C。
（8）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.taught教；B.asked问，要求；C.guided引导，带领；D.consulted咨询，请教。句意：所以当你被问到你想成为什么人时，说"一个父亲"或"一个母亲"是不被社会接受的，更不用说"一个正直的人"了。根据前文中的"asking youngsters that question does them（5）"可知，孩子们被问到想成为一个什么人。故选B。
（9）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.rejected被拒绝的；B.accurate精确的；C.confirmed坚定的，被证实的；D.acceptable可接受的。句意：所以当你被问到你想成为什么人时，说"一个父亲"或"一个母亲"是不被社会接受的，更不用说"一个正直的人"了。根据上文it（6）kids to define themselves in terms of work.If we define ourselves by our jobs,our （7）depends on what we achieve"可知，当用工作来定义一个人的时候，个人价值取决于个人成就。所以，诸如"成为一个父亲"、"成为一个母亲"、或"成为一个正直的人"这样和工作毫无关系的回答显然是不符合期望，不被接受的。故选D。
（10）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.thought想法，思想；B.division除法，分配；C.assumption假设，认为；D.problem问题。句意：第二个问题是，这暗示着每个人都有一个使命。结合上文中的"My first complaint about the question"和下文中的"If you manage to（13）the above barriers,there is a third hurdle"可知，第二、三、四段探讨的都是问孩子长大后要成为什么人产生的害处。因此，该空应该选择一个贬义词，表示询问孩子这个问题产生的问题或害处。故选D。
（11）B.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.picking up捡起；B.searching for寻找，搜寻；C.praying for祈求，恳求；D.taking over接管。句意：研究表明，寻找一个使命让学生感到迷失和困惑。根据下文中的"not everyone has that talent for grand jobs（不是每个人都有做伟大工作的天赋）"可知，对伟大使命的寻求会让学生感到迷惑。故选B。
（12）D.考查动形容词及语境理解。A.bored厌烦的；B.impatient不耐烦的；C.intolerant无法忍受的；D.confused困惑的。句意：研究表明，寻找一个使命让学生感到迷失和困惑。该空和lost并列，意思应该和lost接近。可知，对伟大使命的寻求让学生迷失和困惑。故选D。
（13）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.strengthen增强；B.control控制；C.build建造；D.overcome克服。句意：如果你成功克服了上述障碍，还有第三个障碍：职业生涯很少能达到你童年时的理想。根据空前的"manage to （成功做到某事）"和后面的"there is a third hurdle"可知，该处应该指即使你可以克服前面提到的两个障碍，还有一个障碍你无法克服。故选D。
（14）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.efforts努力；B.struggles奋斗，难事；C.ambitions野心，雄心；D.gains收益。句意：如果你成功克服了上述障碍，还有第三个障碍：职业生涯很少能达到你童年时的理想。根据前文提到的问题：What do you want to be when you grow up？可知，孩子们小时候经常被问到自己张大后的理想。但是长大之后做的职业很难实现童年地理想，即童年的雄心壮志。故选C。
（15）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.ideal理想的；B.permanent永久的；C.ordinary普通的；D.specific特定的，明确的。句意：在一项研究中，寻找一份理想的工作让大四学生对这个结果感到更加焦虑和不太满意。根据后面的"left college seniors feeling more anxious and less satisfied"可知，大四学生都想找一份理想的工作。但是找理想的工作不容易，所以他们焦虑，不满意。故选A。
（16）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.benefit益处，好处；B.outcome结果；C.solution解决办法；D.truth真相，事实。句意：在一项研究中，寻找一份理想的工作让大四学生对这个结果感到更加焦虑和不太满意。根据前文的"Careers rarely live up to your childhood（14）"可知，大四学生找不到理想工作，无法实现童年的梦想，学生们对这样的结果感到焦虑，不满意。故选B。
（17）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.boost推动，使增长；B.contain包含，抑制；C.guarantee保证，确保；D.affect影响。句意：很明显，期望会影响我们的幸福感。根据上文中的"happiness is reality minus expectations（幸福是现实减去期望。）"可知，现实总是和期望有差距的。因此，期望值过高，实现不了，就会影响幸福感。故选D。
（18）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.disappointed失望的；B.addicted入迷的，上瘾的；C.delighted高兴的；D.embarrassed尴尬的，难堪的。句意：如果你在寻找极端的幸福，你注定会失望。结合上一题的解析以及"If you are looking for extreme happiness"可知，期望会影响幸福感。极度的幸福是不可能实现的。由此推知，如果你寻找极度的幸福，那么，你肯定实现不了，你肯定会失望。故选A。
（19）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.refuse拒绝；B.claim获得，声称，索要；C.keep保持；D.ignore忽略，忽视。句意：问孩子他们想成为什么，会让他们获得一种他们可能永远都不想获得的职业身份。上文介绍了问"孩子他们想成为什么"这个问题所产生的的三方面的危害。由此推知，问孩子这个问题会导致孩子获得一种他们可能永远都不想获得的职业身份。该空和后面的earn一致。故选B。
（20）C.考查副词及语境理解。A.Meanwhile与此同时；B.Otherwise否则；C.Instead代替，反而；D.However但是。句意：相反，请他们想想他们可能想做的其他事情。根据前一句"Asking kids what they want to be leads them to（19）a career identity they might never want to earn"可知，问孩子他们想成为什么对孩子没有好处。因此作者建议不要这样做。相反地，要邀请孩子想想他们可能想做的其他事情。故选C。
本文询问孩子长大之后想成为什么对孩子有害。文章介绍了三方面的害处。作者建议，邀请孩子想想他们可能想做的其他事情。
完形填空是在单项填空的基础上发展起来的介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。它题材广泛，体裁多样。文章内容新颖、有趣、可读性强，具有鲜明的时代感，包括社会生活、风土人情、人文环境、人物传记等。
41.【答案】【小题1】located
【小题2】widely
【小题3】existence
【小题4】dating
【小题5】was broken
【小题6】to find
【小题7】with
【小题8】before
【小题9】which
【小题10】earliest
【解析】（1）located.考查过去分词。句意：在2022年北京冬奥会开幕式上，两名年轻的中国运动员将火炬放在一片巨大的雪花中央。两名运动员之一迪尼格尔•依拉木江出生于新疆维吾尔自治区北部的阿勒泰地区，该地区被公认为人类滑雪运动的发源地。be located in位于，此处省略be,用过去分词作后置定语，故填located。
（2）widely.考查副词。句意：在2022年北京冬奥会开幕式上，两名年轻的中国运动员将火炬放在一片巨大的雪花中央。两名运动员之一迪尼格尔•依拉木江出生于新疆维吾尔自治区北部的阿勒泰地区，该地区被公认为人类滑雪运动的发源地。修饰动词acknowledged用副词，故填widely。
（3）existence.考查不可数名词。句意：早期，斯堪的纳维亚半岛和俄罗斯考古学的文物证明了古代滑雪运动的存在，在俄罗斯发现的最古老的滑雪运动可以追溯到7000-8000年前。此处缺少名词作prove的宾语，表抽象意义，不可数，故填existence。
（4）dating.考查现在分词。句意：早期，斯堪的纳维亚半岛和俄罗斯考古学的文物证明了古代滑雪运动的存在，在俄罗斯发现的最古老的滑雪运动可以追溯到7000-8000年前。此处为"with+宾语+宾补"的复合结构，the oldest found与date back to之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词表主动，故填dating。
（5）was broken.考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：2005年，这一记录被打破了。时间状语"In 2005"表明用一般过去时，且the record与break之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was broken。
（6）to find.考查动词不定式。句意：在阿勒泰地区，一群农民为了避雨，来到一个洞穴中，却发现了洞穴壁画，画中的人背着猎物踩在两块滑雪板上。此处表示一种出乎意料的结果，用不定式作结果状语，故填to find。
（7）with.考查介词。句意：在阿勒泰地区，一群农民为了避雨，来到一个洞穴中，却发现了洞穴壁画，画中的人背着猎物踩在两块滑雪板上。分析可知，此处为"with+宾语+宾补（prey 与carry之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表被动）"的复合结构作伴随状语，故填with。
（8）before.考查介词。句意：事实证明，根据考古学家的分析，这些洞穴壁画是在12000年前绘制的，比来自俄罗斯的文物早了约4000年。分析可知，此处缺少表示"先于"的介词，与后面的名词the artifacts构成介宾短语，故填before。
（9）which.考查定语从句。句意：北京申办冬奥会成功后，挪威、俄罗斯等18个国家的专家访问了阿勒泰，研究"人类滑雪活动的潜在起源"，并于2015年联合发表声明，确认新疆阿勒泰为世界上最早的滑雪区。此处为定语从句，关系词指代前面整个主句内容并在从句中作介词after的宾语，故填which。
（10）earliest.考查形容词最高级。句意：北京申办冬奥会成功后，挪威、俄罗斯等18个国家的专家访问了阿勒泰，研究"人类滑雪活动的潜在起源"，并于2015年联合发表声明，确认新疆阿勒泰为世界上最早的滑雪区。结合句意可知，此处用形容词最高级表示"最早的"，故填earliest。
本文是一篇说明文，以北京冬奥会为切入点，介绍了中国新疆的阿勒泰地区是人类滑雪运动的发源地。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
42.【答案】I accidentally a fish bone stuck in my throat and I have eaten fish since.But one day,the fish soup my mother made smelt fresh that my mouth was watering.I couldn't wait to pick up a bowl of the fish soup.I was about to drink my consciousness seemed to be divided into two ，half an angel and half a demon.The angel said："Be cautious it".But the demon said："Have it!" I remembered it felt to have the bone stuck,so eventually I put ∧down.Mom was and said,"Once bitten,twice shy!"
详解：
（1）get改为got.考查动词时态。句意：我不小心把鱼骨头卡在喉咙里，从此我再也没吃过鱼。根据语境可知，作者被鱼刺卡喉是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故将get改为got。
（2）ever改为never.考查句意及副词。句意：我不小心把鱼骨头卡在喉咙里，从此我再也没吃过鱼。根据语境可知，自从鱼刺卡喉后，作者就再没有吃过鱼了，所以不应用" ever "而应用"never"。故将ever改为never。
（3）very改为so.考查固定搭配。句意：但是有一天，我妈妈做的鱼汤闻起来很新鲜，我都流口水了。根据句型分析可知，此处考查so...that表"如此……以至于……"，引导结果状语从句。故将very改为so。
（4）删除fish前the.考查冠词。句意：我迫不及待地拿起一碗鱼汤。根据句意，这里表示"一碗鱼汤"，soup为不可数名词且这里没有特指概念。故删除fish前the。
（5）then改为when.考查连词。句意：我正要喝酒，这时我的意识似乎被分成了两半，一半是天使，一半是恶魔。根据句型分析可知，此处考查固定句型 be about to do sth.when表"正打算做某事突然……"。故将then改为when。
（6）half改为halves.考查可数名词的复数。句意：我正要喝酒，这时我的意识似乎被分成了两半，一半是天使，一半是恶魔。由基数词two可知，后面应加可数名词复数。故将half改为halves。
（7）over改为about.考查介词。句意：天使说："小心点。"。根据句型分析可知，此处考查be cautious about表"谨慎对待"，为固定短语搭配。故将over改为about。
（8）what改为how.考查连词。句意：我记得骨头卡住的感觉，所以最终我把它放下了。根据句意，这里应表示作者这知道鱼刺卡喉是怎样的感受，所以应用how。故将what改为how。
（9）down前加it.考查代词。句意：我记得骨头卡住的感觉，所以最终我把它放下了。根据句型分析可知，put 后缺宾语，应用it指代前面鱼汤。故在down前加it。
（10）amusing改为amused.考查形容词。句意：妈妈感到有趣并说："一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳"。根据句型分析可知，这里amuse应表示人"感到好笑的"，所以用amused,amusing指"引人发笑的"，故将amusing改为amused。
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者由于被鱼刺卡过喉，从此有了心理阴影，不再喝鱼汤的故事。
1.先通读全文。认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清大意。注意文章中上下文的逻辑关系是否正确，时态、人称、主谓、指代等是否一致。
2.聚焦出题热点、综合运用所学语言知识，对不同的错误情况进行分析和回答（即改词、加词或减词）。
3.再次通读全文，校对自己的改正是否正确。一般各种改错的方式都应该用到，如果出现了某一种改法（如加词、减词等）没有用到，要考虑自己的改错应该有问题，要对刚才不是很有把握的行进行推敲。
43.【答案】Follow the lead
It's a great honor for me to stand here and address my speech entitled "Follow the lead".As we all know,many high-profile figures were honored as inspirational role models in Touching China awards.One of the figures deeply touching my heart is Jiang Mengnan.Deaf almost since birth,she has overcome a large number of obstacles to achieve her dream of studying for a PhD at Tsinghua University.（人物事迹）
As a Gen Zer,I'd like to acquire a good knowledge of English,which is not only a tool widely used in life,but also a carrier to influence and understand the world.【高分句型一】Though life can throw challenges on my way,I'll regard them as "gifts of fate" to realize my ambition and as a messenger to spread Chinese and Chinese culture.【高分句型二】（践行优秀品质）
【解析】高分句型一：As a Gen Zer,I'd like to acquire a good knowledge of English,which is not only a tool widely used in life,but also a carrier to influence and understand the world.
翻译：作为一个Z时代的人，我想学好英语，它不仅是生活中广泛使用的工具，也是影响和理解世界的载体。
分析：本句运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：Though life can throw challenges on my way,I'll regard them as "gifts of fate" to realize my ambition and as a messenger to spread Chinese and Chinese culture.
翻译：虽然生活会给我带来挑战，但我会把它们视为实现我的抱负的"命运礼物"，并作为传播中国和中国文化的使者。
分析：本句运用了though引导的让步状语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
2022年山西省临汾市高考英语二模试卷
A
Graphic Design for 13 to 16 Year Olds Online Short Course
Course description
Graphic Design for 13 to 16 year olds will explore the world of visual communication as you unravel the possibilities of graphic design.
Through a series of fun and engaging workshops,you will experiment with a range of hands-on materials and processes.
We'll encourage you to develop your work through brainstorming and visual research,to feed your inspiration.
Course outcomes
You'll leave with a small body of work and a broader understanding of the possibilities offered by working in the area of graphic design.You will have gained skills that can be used in building a future portfolio（作品集）.
All our Online Short Courses include：
*Live online lessons with the same tutors
*Access to VLE with course content
*Forums for support
*Certificate upon completion
How to book：
*Click "add to basket"
*If you are an adult booking a place for a child or teenager,you will need two email addresses,one for your booking confirmation email and one for the student
*Select the option to book for someone else
*Add the bookers' details under your details
If you need help with booking please use our online chat or call 0207 514 7015.Please note that all courses are taught in UK time.Online courses are closed to all new bookings 48 hours prior to the course starting.
1. How will the students learn through the course？ ______
A. By doing practical exercises.
B. By watching preloaded videos.
C. By conducting online research.
D. By receiving one-to-one instruction.
2. What can a student get after finishing the course？ ______
A. A certificate. B. A portfolio.
C. A job offer. D. A tutor's signature.
3. What calls for special attention when students book the course？ ______
A. Booking in UK time.
B. Calling to confirm in advance.
C. Booking at least two days before it starts.
D. Avoiding using more than one email address.
B
One day,I asked some college students to tell me the first word that came to mind when thinking about mathematics.The top words were "calculation" and "equation（等式）".Instead,the mathematicians offered phrases like "critical thinking" and "problem-solving."This is unfortunately common.What mathematicians think of is entirely different from what the general population thinks of.No wonder we hear "I hate math" so often.
So I set about solving this problem unconventionally.I decided to offer a class called "The Mathematics of Knitting".I removed pencil,paper,calculator and textbook from the classroom completely.Instead,we talked,used our hands,drew pictures and played with everything.And of course,we knit.
One essential and difficult part of mathematical content is the equation,and crucial to this is the equal sign,which is very strict.An equation like x=5 tells us the number 5 and the value of x must be exactly the same.Any small deviation（偏离）from "exactly" means two things are not equal.However,two quantities are always not exactly the same in life.Imagine that you have two square pillows.The first is red on top,yellow on the right,green on bottom and blue on the left.The second is yellow on the top,green on the right,blue on bottom,and red on the left.The pillows aren't exactly the same but certainly similar.In fact,they would be exactly the same if you turned the pillow with the red top once counterclockwise.
Another topic is referred to as "rubber sheet geometry".The idea is to imagine the whole world is made of rubber,then reimagine the shapes.Let's try to understand it with knitting.For example,while being made,a hat is shaped by three needles,making it look triangular.Then,once it comes off the needles,it relaxes into a circle.In fact,all polygons（多边形） become circles in this field of study.
The subjects above are typically reserved for math majors in college.If more mathematicians were able to set aside classical techniques,more people out there could embrace mathematical thought.
4. Why did the author start "The Mathematics of Knitting"？ ______
A. To promote traditional handicraft.
B. To cultivate the students' capacity to solve problems.
C. To remove the common misunderstanding about math.
D. To enhance the students' skills in the application of math.
5. What is the relationship between the equation in math and that in life？ ______
A. Same and exact. B. Same but different.
C. Equal and precise. D. Different but inseparable.
6. How does the author present what mathematics really is？ ______
A. By classifying reasons. B. By giving examples.
C. By analyzing results. D. By describing procedures.
7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？ ______
A. Math：a novel skill of knitting
B. Knitting：an unconventional course
C. Different Flavors of Math Revealed by Knitting
D. The Calculation and Equation in Mathematical Content
C
Over the past few years,as architects and city planners have confronted the tragedy of our planet losing species at rates never seen in human history,many have started designing more greenery into urban areas,creating tidy plots of grass with non-native flowers.But European designers Hougaard and Qual find it problematic.These green spaces don't actually encourage wildlife to grow.To counter that,the designers created outdoor furniture that would be beautiful to look at,but also allow bugs,birds,and wildflowers to thrive ，nurturing biodiversity in cities and rewilding urban spaces.
The natural world tends to appear messy,chaotic,with plants and animals interacting with each other.Bacteria,plants,and insects thrive in rotting logs.Birds and bees create homes ir dead,hollow tree trunks.Weeds and flowers grow in wild patches of grass.People perceive this as messy and dirty,trying to get rid of them in cities despite the fact that even though wildlife appears chaotic,there is often method in the madness.
Qual had in mind when creating a large,leaf- shaped insect hotel to be placed on a flower bed.The structure contains wooden blocks with different size of holes for different insect species.Hougaard created a metal log bench with an empty space in the middle to provide a habitat for creatures.He also created planting containers without a base,which are placed right top of the soil and filled with different materials to provide a place for insects,reptiles,and small animals to hide and find food.They can also interact with earthworms and other creatures in the soil underneath,creating a thriving ecosystem.
Will people actually want to be so close to bugs,snakes,and nesting birds？The designers acknowledge that modern humans have been trained to stay away from such creatures.But these structures keep animals contained,while allowing people to observe and appreciate them safely.And ultimately,humans need to become much more comfortable living alongside wildlife.
8. What do Hougaard and Haul notice about creating tidy grass plots in urban areas？ ______
A. It encourages the growth of wildlife.
B. It keeps a more balanced ecosystem.
C. It doesn't increase species diversity.
D. It doesn't damage the habitat of species.
9. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2？ ______
A. To describe the peace of nature.
B. To introduce the law of the jungle.
C. To show the need for rewilding urban areas.
D. To provide the basis for designing outdoor furniture.
10. What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 3 refer to？ ______
A. The tragedy of losing species.
B. The goal to keep cities organized.
C. The plan to design more greenery.
D. The concept of order and messiness.
11. What can we infer about the author from the text？ ______
A. He is also a designer of insect hotels.
B. He is against keeping animals caged.
C. He is a strong advocate for a chaotic lifestyle.
D. He is in support of Hougaard and Qual's idea.
D
A new type of weather condition has been observed ，existing primarily in one particular part of the world：small,slow-moving,moisture-rich pools.Researchers are calling these atmospheric lakes.
This unique type of storm occurs over the western Indian Ocean and moves towards Africa.Unlike most storms created by a vortex （漩涡），the lakes are produced by water vapor concentrations that are dense enough to produce rain.These atmospheric lakes are similar to atmospheric rivers,narrow bands of dense moisture （水分密集）.However,the new type of meteorological phenomenon is smaller,slower moving,and separates itself from the atmospheric river that creates it.Existing as they do in an equatorial region where the wind speed is often very low,these atmospheric lakes are in no rush.
Over the five years,17 atmospheric lakes lasting longer than six days were discovered,within 10 degrees of the equator.A team is now being put together to run a full study on the phenomenon.One of the questions the researchers will be looking at is why atmospheric lakes themselves from the river - lake patterns they form from.The climate change angle is an important one,because if increasing temperatures in any way affect the formation and movement of atmospheric lakes,that could impact the rainfall that reaches the east coast of Africa.
According to Brian Mapes,an atmospheric scientist from the University of Miami,if all the water in a year's worth of atmospheric lakes were to become liquid at once,it would create a puddle just a few centimeters deep but a kilometer（0.62 miles）wide.That's a significant amount of precipitation （降水量）.Professor Mapes believes this could be a solution for the dry regions of East Africa,where millions of people live and need rainfall to survive.
It remains to be seen whether the concept of "atmospheric lake" can be widely accepted or not.However,it is obviously an effective way to explore nature to analyze various phenomena in the atmosphere and reveal their laws and possible impacts by using new sounding instruments and acquired data.
12. What mainly contributes to the formation of an atmospheric lake？ ______
A. A gentle vortex.
B. Large-scale moving winds.
C. A violent ocean storm.
D. Heavy water vapor concentrations.
13. What does the underlined word "detach" in Paragraph 3 mean？ ______
A. Separate. B. Defend. C. Recover. D. Prohibit.
14. What is probably the benefit of "atmospheric lakes"？ ______
A. Providing a solution to air pollution.
B. Easing the drought in parts of Africa.
C. Improving the quality of people's life.
D. Bringing abundant rainfall to southern Africa.
15. Which word best describes the author's attitude to the study of "atmospheric lakes"？ ______
A. Disapproving. B. Favorable. C. Ambiguous. D. Skeptical.
In the words of Tali Sharot,author of the book The Influential Mind：What the Brain Reveals About Our Power to Change Others,it is not difficult to influence others.
(1) ？Research suggests that people don't always act to avoid negative consequences.In one study,participants viewed pictures and had to act （press a button） or not act （not press a button）when a certain one appeared.The correct response would earn them a reward or save them from a loss.Ultimately,participants performed better when they had to act to earn a reward and not act to avoid a loss.
(2) ？While negative emotions and images encourage inaction,research also suggests that positive ones tend to inspire people to act.So you might try talking about your fancy gym or a fun fitness activity to get your family members to exercise.
When we're communicating negative information,listeners will be particularly influenced when stressed. (3) if you're a doctor trying to communicate disease risk to a stressed patient.People also have a tendency to ignore negative information,which can make them feel bad. (4) .In that case,it might be better to wait until people are more relaxed or to frame things in a positive way.
Another effective way to influence people is to give them control.If you're a parent,you may have discovered that kids are much more receptive to your suggestions if you let them pick between healthy snacks or after-dinner chores.They're anticipating a good result that they'll get to select for themselves. (5)
.
So influencing others isn't that challenging.
A.That might be of help
B.What should you do instead
C.Is this in line with common sense
D.So communicating bad news may be tricky
E.How does the brain respond to attempts at influence
F.Then would be influencers have more and more access to us
G.Giving away control,even a little or just the perception of it helps
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
"What do you want to be when you grow up？"When I was a kid,I (21)the question.Adults always seemed terribly disappointed that I wasn't (22) becoming something grand or(23)，like an astronaut.
Now,as an organizational psychologist,my job is to fix other people's jobs,and I've come to(24)that asking youngsters that question does them (25).
My first complaint about the question is that it (26) kids to define themselves in terms of work.If we define ourselves by our jobs,our(27) depends on what we achieve.So when you are (28) what you want to be,it's not socially (29) to say,"A father"，or,"A mother"，let alone, "A person of integrity".
The second (30) is the implication that there is one calling（使命）out there for everyone.Research shows that (31) one leaves students feeling lost and (32).After all,not everyone has that talent for grand jobs.
If you manage to(33) the above barriers,there is a third hurdle（难关）：Careers rarely live up to your childhood (34).In one study,looking fora（n） (35) job left college seniors feeling more anxious and less satisfied with the (36).As Tim Urban writes,happiness is reality minus expectations.It's clear how expectations (37)our perceived happiness.If you .are looking for extreme happiness,you're bound to be (38).
Asking kids what they want to be leads them to(39)，a career identity they might never want to earn. (40)，invite them to think about the different things they might want to do.
21. A. considered B. feared C. explained D. recalled
22. A. dreaming of B. objecting to C. focusing on D. sticking to
23. A. average B. humble C. heroic D. romantic
24. A. prefer B. remember C. believe D. anticipate
25. A. harm B. good C. wrong D. honor
26. A. forces B. troubles C. commands D. forbids
27. A. status B. experience C. worth D. fame
28. A. taught B. asked C. guided D. consulted
29. A. rejected B. accurate C. confirmed D. acceptable
30. A. thought B. division C. assumption D. problem
31. A. picking up B. searching for
C. praying for C.taking over
32. A. bored B. impatient C. intolerant D. confused
33. A. strengthen B. control C. build D. overcome
34. A. efforts B. struggles C. ambitions D. gains
35. A. ideal B. permanent C. ordinary D. specific
36. A. benefit B. outcome C. solution D. truth
37. A. boost B. contain C. guarantee D. affect
38. A. disappointed B. addicted C. delighted D. embarrassed
39. A. refuse B. claim C. keep D. ignore
40. A. Meanwhile B. Otherwise C. Instead D. However
41. Two young Chinese athletes placed a torch in the center of a giant snowflake during the opening ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.One of the two athletes,Dinigeer Yilamujiang,was born in the Altay Prefecture, (1) （ locate） in the northern part of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, (2) （ wide） acknowledged as the birthplace of human skiing.
In earlier times,artifacts from Scandinavian and Russian archaeology proved the (3) （ exist） of ancient skiing,with the oldest found in Russia (4) （ date） back to 8，000-7，000 years.In 2005，the record (5) （ break）.A group of farmers in the Altay region went to a cave to hide from the rain,only (6) （ find） cave paintings describing men stepping on twin snowboards (7) prey （猎物） carried on their backs.It turned out that,according to archaeologists' analyses,the cave paintings were drawn 12，000 years ago,some 4，000 years (8) the artifacts from Russia were believed to have been made.
After Beijing's successful bid to host the Winter Olympics,experts from 18 countries including Norway and Russia paid a visit to Altay to study the "potential origin of human skiing activity," after (9) they jointly issued a declaration in 2015，recognizing Xinjiang's Altay as the (10) （ early） skiing region in the world.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语门错误。每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（ \）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：（ 1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I accidentally get a fish bone stuck in my throat and I have ever eaten fish since.But one day,the fish soup my mother made smelt very fresh that my mouth was watering.I couldn't wait to pick up a bowl of the fish soup.I was about to drink then my consciousness seemed to be divided into two half,half an angel and half a demon.The angel said："Be cautious over it".But the demon said："Have it!" I remembered what it felt to have the bone stuck,so eventually I put down.Mom was amusing and said,"Once bitten,twice shy!"
《感动中国（Touching China）》播放之后，你校决定举办以"Follow the lead" 为题的英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括：
（1）感动你的人物事迹；
（2）如何践行优秀品质。
注意：
①词数100左右；
②题目和首句已为你写好。
Follow the leadIt's a great honor for me to stand here and address my speech entitled "Follow the lead"._______答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、A、C
【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据Course description部分的"Through aseries of fun and engaging workshops,you will experiment with a range ofhands-on materials and processes.（通过一系列有趣和吸引人的研讨会，您将尝试一系列动手操作材料和过程）"可知，学生在该课程上通过做实际练习来进行学习。故选A。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据Allour Online Short Courses include部分的"*Certificate upon completion"可知，学习完成后学生将获得一份证书。故选A。
（3）C.细节理解题。根据最后一段的"Onlinecourses are closed to all new bookings 48 hours prior to the course starting.（在线课程在课程开始前48小时对所有新预订关闭）"可知，学生在预定课程时尤其要注意，至少在活动开始前两天预约。故选C。
这是一篇应用文。文章是一则广告，介绍了面向13至16岁儿童的平面设计在线短期课程，包括课程内容、成果和预定方式等。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
4~7.【答案】C、B、B、C
【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。根据第二段中的I decided to offer a class called "The Mathematics of Knitting".I removed pencil,paper,calculator and textbook from the classroom completely.Instead,we talked,used our hands,drew pictures and played with everything.我决定开设一门叫做"针织数学"的课程。我把铅笔、纸、计算器和教科书从教室里完全拿了出来。相反，我们聊天，动手，画画，什么都玩。可知，作者开设"编织数学"的课程是为了消除人们对数学的误解。故选C。
（2）B.细节理解题。根据第三段中的An equation like x=5 tells us the number 5 and the value of x must be exactly the same.比如x=5这样的方程告诉我们数字5和x的值必须完全相同。及However,two quantities are always not exactly the same in life.然而，在生活中，两个量总是不完全相同的。可知，数学方程式和生活方程式之间的关系是相同但又是不同的。故选B。
（3）B.推理判断题。根据第三段中的Imagine that you have two square pillows.想象一下，你有两个方形枕头。及第四段中的Let's try to understand it with knitting.让我们试着用编织来理解这个概念。可知，作者是通过举例子的方式来说明数学是什么。故选B。
（4）C.标题判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段中的If more mathematicians were able to set aside classical techniques,more people out there could embrace mathematical thought.如果更多的数学家能够抛开经典技术，更多的人可以接受数学思想。可知，本文主要讲述了作者在课堂上不用铅笔、纸张、计算器等通常被认为和数学相关的东西，而是让学生交谈、画画和编织来学习数学，并通过编织来解释数学。由此可知，本文的最佳标题是：编织展现出的不同数学风格。结合选项：A.Math：a novel skill of knitting数学：一种新颖的编织技巧；B.Knitting：an unconventional course编织：一门非传统课程；C.Different Flavors of Math Revealed by Knitting编织展现出的不同数学风格；D.The Calculation and Equation in Mathematical Content数学内容中的计算和方程式。故选C。
这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者在课堂上不用铅笔、纸张、计算器等通常被认为和数学相关的东西，而是让学生交谈、画画和编织来学习数学，并通过编织来解释数学。
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。
8~11.【答案】C、D、D、D
【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第一段"But European designers Hougaard and Qual find it problematic.These green spaces don't actually encourage wildlife to grow.（但欧洲设计师霍加德和奎尔发现这有问题。这些绿地实际上并不鼓励野生生物生长。）"可知，霍加德和奎尔注意到这些绿地并不鼓励野生生物生长，不会增加物种多样性。故选C项。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据第二段"The natural world tends to appear messy,chaotic,with plants and animals interacting with each other.（自然界往往显得杂乱无章，动植物相互作用。）"以及第三段"Qual had this in mind when creating a large,leaf-shaped insect hotel to be placed on a flower bed.（奎尔在创建一个大型叶子状昆虫旅馆时就考虑到了这一点，旅馆将被安置在花坛上。）"可知，自然界虽然显得杂乱，但是动植物是相互作用着的，设计师们在设计户外家具时会考虑到这一点，所以作者打算通过本段为户外家具的设计提供依据。故选D项。
（3）D.代词指代题。根据第二段"People perceive this as messy and dirty,trying to get rid of them in cities despite the fact that even though wildlife appears chaotic,there is often method in the madness.（人们认为这是混乱和肮脏的，试图在城市里除掉它们，尽管事实是，尽管野生动物看起来很混乱，但在疯狂中往往有条理。）"第三段"Qual had this in mind when creating a large,leaf-shaped insect hotel to be placed on a flower bed.（奎尔在创建一个大型叶子状昆虫旅馆时就考虑到了这一点，旅馆将被安置在花坛上。）"可知，奎尔在创建昆虫旅馆时考虑到了条理和混乱的概念，this指代"条理和混乱的概念"。A.The tragedy of losing species.失去物种的悲剧；B.The goal to keep cities organized.保持城市有序的目标；C.The plan to design more greenery.设计更多绿色植物的计划；D.The concept of order and messiness.条理和混乱的概念。故选D项。
（4）D.推理判断题。根据最后一段"But these structures keep animals contained,while allowing people to observe and appreciate them safely.And ultimately,humans need to become much more comfortable living alongside wildlife.（但这些结构让动物待在里面，同时允许人们安全地观察和欣赏它们。最终，人类需要更舒适地与野生生物生活在一起。）"可知，作者认为霍加德和奎尔设计的结构可以让人们安全地观察和欣赏它们，最终更加舒适地和野生生物生活在一起，所以作者支持霍加德和奎尔的想法。故选D项。
本文主要介绍了设计师们设计出外观户外家具，这些结构可以让动物待在里面，同时允许人们安全地观察和欣赏它们。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
12~15.【答案】D、A、B、B
【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第二段的"Unlikemost storms created by a vortex（漩涡），the lakes are produced by water vapor concentrations that aredense enough to produce rain. （与大多数由漩涡产生的风暴不同，这些湖泊是由密度足以产生雨水的水蒸气浓度形成的）"可知，高浓度的水蒸气导致了大气湖泊的形成。故选D。
（2）A.词句猜测题。根据划线词后文"Theclimate change angle is an important one,because if increasing temperatures inany way affect the formation and movement of atmospheric lakes,that couldimpact the rainfall that reaches the east coast of Africa.（气候变化角度是一个重要的角度，因为如果气温上升以任何方式影响大气湖泊的形成和移动，就可能影响到达非洲东海岸的降雨）"可知，大气湖泊是可以移动的。由此可知，大气湖泊可以从它们形成的河湖模式中分离出来。即划线词意为"分离，脱离"，与separate同义。A.Separate分离；B.Defend保卫；C.Recover恢复；D.Prohibit禁止。故选A。
（3）B.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的"ifall the water in a year's worth of atmospheric lakes were to become liquid at once,it would create a puddle just a few centimeters deep but a kilometer （0.62 miles） wide.That's a significant amount of precipitation（降水量）.Professor Mapes believes thiscould be a solution for the dry regions of East Africa,where millions ofpeople live and need rainfall to survive.（如果一年的大气湖泊的水全部变成液体，就会形成一个只有几厘米深但宽1公里（0.62英里）的水坑。这是一个相当可观的降水量。Mapes教授认为，这可能是东非干旱地区的一个解决方案，那里有数百万人生活，需要降雨才能生存）"可知，大气湖泊可能在缓解非洲某些地区干旱方面有帮助。故选B。
（4）B.情感态度题。根据最后一段"However,it is obviously an effective way to explore nature to analyze various phenomenain the atmosphere and reveal their laws and possible impacts by using newsounding instruments and acquired data.（然而，利用新的探测仪器和获取的数据分析大气中的各种现象，揭示它们的规律和可能的影响，显然是探索自然的有效途径）"推知，作者对大气湖泊的研究持支持态度。故选B。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大气湖泊是如何形成的，以及可能带来的影响。
做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
16~20.【答案】E、B、A、D、G
【解析】（1）E.推理判断题。空处位于段首，应开启下文。根据下文"Research suggests that people don't always act to avoid negative consequences.In one study,participants viewed pictures and had to act （press a button） or not act （not press a button） when a certain one appeared.The correct response would earn them a reward or save them from a loss.Ultimately,participants performed better when they had to act to earn a reward and not act to avoid a loss.（研究表明，人们并不总是为了避免负面后果而采取行动。在一项研究中，参与者观看图片，当有特定的图片出现时，他们必须采取行动（按下按钮）或不采取行动（不按按钮）。正确的反应将为他们赢得奖励或避免损失。最终，当参与者必须采取行动以获得奖励，而不是采取行动以避免损失时，他们表现得更好。）"可知，下文描述了人们对特殊情况是如何进行反应的。结合第一段Tali Sharot认为影响他人并不难和她的书《有影响力的头脑：大脑揭示了我们改变他人的力量》，推知空处提出"大脑对施加给它的行为有何反应？"。E项"大脑对试图施加影响的行为有何反应"符合语境，下文是对该问题的问题，选项中的brain呼应上文的brain。故选E。
（2）B.推理判断题。空处位于段首，应开启下文。根据下文"While negative emotions and images encourage inaction,research also suggests that positive ones tend to inspire people to act.So you might try talking about your fancy gym or a fun fitness activity to get your family members to exercise.（虽然消极的情绪和图像会让人无所作为，但研究也表明，积极的情绪和图像往往会激励人们采取行动。所以你可以试着谈论你的高档健身房或有趣的健身活动，让你的家人去锻炼。）"可知，本段建议人们通过谈论积极的东西，激励人们采取行动。B项"你应该怎么做呢？"符合语境，引出下文。故选B。
（3）A.细节理解题。根据上文"When we're communicating negative information,listeners will be particularly influenced when stressed.（当我们传达负面信息时，对方在压力下会受到特别大的影响。）"和下文"if you're a doctor trying to communicate disease risk to a stressed patient.（如果你是一名医生，试图将疾病风险传达给压力很大的病人。）"可知，传递负面信息会让听话的人压力特别大，所以作为医生把疾病风险告诉给压力很大的病人可能是有用的。A项"这可能会有所帮助。"符合语境，that指代"if you're a doctor trying to communicate disease risk to a stressed patient"。故选A。
（4）D.逻辑关系题。根据上文"People also have a tendency to ignore negative information,which can make them feel bad.（人们也有忽视让他们感觉不好的负面信息的倾向。）"可知，人们常常会忽略让自己感觉不好的负面信息，因此和别人谈论负面消息可能不是那么容易。D项"所以传达坏消息可能很棘手。"符合语境，和上文构成因果关系。故选D。
（5）G.细节理解题。根据"Another effective way to influence people is to give them control. （另一个影响他人的有效方法是给予他们控制权。）"可知，本段主要陈述通过给别人控制权来影响他们。再结合上文"If you're a parent,you may have discovered that kids are much more receptive to your suggestions if you let them pick between healthy snacks or after-dinner chores.They're anticipating a good result that they'll get to select for themselves.（如果你是一位家长，你可能已经发现，如果你让孩子们在健康的零食和饭后的家务之间做出选择，他们会更容易接受你的建议。他们期待着一个好的结果，他们可以自己选择。）"可知，家长适当放弃控制，让孩子拥有选择或控制的权力，结果会更好。G项"放弃控制权，哪怕是一点点或仅仅是对它的感知都会有所帮助。"符合题意，control是关键词。故选G。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何轻松地影响他人。
"七选五"这样的题型，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项。得出正确的答案。
21~40.【答案】B、A、C、C、A、A、C、B、D、D、B、D、D、C、A、B、D、A、B、C
【解析】（1）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.considered考虑；B.feared害怕；C.explained解释；D.recalled回想起。句意：当我是个孩子时，我害怕这个问题。根据下文中的"Adults always seemed terribly disappointed that I wasn't（2）becoming something grand or（3），like an astronaut"可知，成年人对作者的回答总是感到失望。所以作者很害怕被问到这个问题。他的回答让成年人不满意。故选B。
（2）A.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.dreaming of梦想；B.objecting to反对；C.focusing on集中....；D.sticking to坚持。句意：大人们似乎总是非常失望，因为我没有梦想成为伟大的或英雄般的人物，比如宇航员。根据上文中的"What do you want to be when you grow up？"可知，该处提到的是作者长大之后的梦想。故选A。
（3）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.average平均的；B.humble谦卑的，谦虚的：C.heroic英雄的，英勇的；D.romantic浪漫的。句意：大人们似乎总是非常失望，因为我没有梦想成为伟大的或英雄般的人物，比如宇航员。根据下文中的"like an astronaut"可知，宇航员属于伟大的或英雄般的人物。故选C。
（4）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.prefer更喜欢；B.remember记住；C.believe相信，认为；D.anticipate预期，预料。句意：现在，作为一名组织心理学家，我的工作是解决别人的工作，我开始相信，问年轻人这个问题会伤害他们。根据后面的"that asking youngsters that question does them（5）"可知，这是作者作为心理学家的观点或看法。他认为问年轻人这个问题会伤害他们。故选C。
（5）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.harm伤害；B.good益处；C.wrong坏事，冤枉；D.honor荣誉。句意：现在，作为一名组织心理学家，我的工作是解决别人的工作，我开始相信，问年轻人这个问题会伤害他们。根据下文中的"My first complaint about the question"可知，作者对这个问题心存抱怨。由此推知，这个问题对孩子们来说并不好，对他们会造成伤害。故选A。
（6）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.forces强迫，迫使；B.troubles使烦恼；C.commands命令；D.forbids禁止。句意：我对这个问题的第一个抱怨是，它迫使孩子们从工作的角度来定义自己。空前的"My first complaint about the question"可知，这个问题对孩子们有害。当问孩子们长大之后的梦想的时候，孩子们就被迫从工作角度来定义自己。故选A。
（7）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.status地位；B.experience经历，经验；C.worth价值；D.fame名声。句意：如果我们用工作来定义自己，那么我们的价值就取决于我们的成就。根据上文"If we define ourselves by our jobs"可以推知，如果我们用工作来定义自己，那么，我们在工作中取得的成就决定了我们个人价值。工作好，成就高，个人价值就高。反之，工作不好，成就低，个人价值就低。故选C。
（8）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.taught教；B.asked问，要求；C.guided引导，带领；D.consulted咨询，请教。句意：所以当你被问到你想成为什么人时，说"一个父亲"或"一个母亲"是不被社会接受的，更不用说"一个正直的人"了。根据前文中的"asking youngsters that question does them（5）"可知，孩子们被问到想成为一个什么人。故选B。
（9）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.rejected被拒绝的；B.accurate精确的；C.confirmed坚定的，被证实的；D.acceptable可接受的。句意：所以当你被问到你想成为什么人时，说"一个父亲"或"一个母亲"是不被社会接受的，更不用说"一个正直的人"了。根据上文it（6）kids to define themselves in terms of work.If we define ourselves by our jobs,our （7）depends on what we achieve"可知，当用工作来定义一个人的时候，个人价值取决于个人成就。所以，诸如"成为一个父亲"、"成为一个母亲"、或"成为一个正直的人"这样和工作毫无关系的回答显然是不符合期望，不被接受的。故选D。
（10）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.thought想法，思想；B.division除法，分配；C.assumption假设，认为；D.problem问题。句意：第二个问题是，这暗示着每个人都有一个使命。结合上文中的"My first complaint about the question"和下文中的"If you manage to（13）the above barriers,there is a third hurdle"可知，第二、三、四段探讨的都是问孩子长大后要成为什么人产生的害处。因此，该空应该选择一个贬义词，表示询问孩子这个问题产生的问题或害处。故选D。
（11）B.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.picking up捡起；B.searching for寻找，搜寻；C.praying for祈求，恳求；D.taking over接管。句意：研究表明，寻找一个使命让学生感到迷失和困惑。根据下文中的"not everyone has that talent for grand jobs（不是每个人都有做伟大工作的天赋）"可知，对伟大使命的寻求会让学生感到迷惑。故选B。
（12）D.考查动形容词及语境理解。A.bored厌烦的；B.impatient不耐烦的；C.intolerant无法忍受的；D.confused困惑的。句意：研究表明，寻找一个使命让学生感到迷失和困惑。该空和lost并列，意思应该和lost接近。可知，对伟大使命的寻求让学生迷失和困惑。故选D。
（13）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.strengthen增强；B.control控制；C.build建造；D.overcome克服。句意：如果你成功克服了上述障碍，还有第三个障碍：职业生涯很少能达到你童年时的理想。根据空前的"manage to （成功做到某事）"和后面的"there is a third hurdle"可知，该处应该指即使你可以克服前面提到的两个障碍，还有一个障碍你无法克服。故选D。
（14）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.efforts努力；B.struggles奋斗，难事；C.ambitions野心，雄心；D.gains收益。句意：如果你成功克服了上述障碍，还有第三个障碍：职业生涯很少能达到你童年时的理想。根据前文提到的问题：What do you want to be when you grow up？可知，孩子们小时候经常被问到自己张大后的理想。但是长大之后做的职业很难实现童年地理想，即童年的雄心壮志。故选C。
（15）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.ideal理想的；B.permanent永久的；C.ordinary普通的；D.specific特定的，明确的。句意：在一项研究中，寻找一份理想的工作让大四学生对这个结果感到更加焦虑和不太满意。根据后面的"left college seniors feeling more anxious and less satisfied"可知，大四学生都想找一份理想的工作。但是找理想的工作不容易，所以他们焦虑，不满意。故选A。
（16）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.benefit益处，好处；B.outcome结果；C.solution解决办法；D.truth真相，事实。句意：在一项研究中，寻找一份理想的工作让大四学生对这个结果感到更加焦虑和不太满意。根据前文的"Careers rarely live up to your childhood（14）"可知，大四学生找不到理想工作，无法实现童年的梦想，学生们对这样的结果感到焦虑，不满意。故选B。
（17）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.boost推动，使增长；B.contain包含，抑制；C.guarantee保证，确保；D.affect影响。句意：很明显，期望会影响我们的幸福感。根据上文中的"happiness is reality minus expectations（幸福是现实减去期望。）"可知，现实总是和期望有差距的。因此，期望值过高，实现不了，就会影响幸福感。故选D。
（18）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.disappointed失望的；B.addicted入迷的，上瘾的；C.delighted高兴的；D.embarrassed尴尬的，难堪的。句意：如果你在寻找极端的幸福，你注定会失望。结合上一题的解析以及"If you are looking for extreme happiness"可知，期望会影响幸福感。极度的幸福是不可能实现的。由此推知，如果你寻找极度的幸福，那么，你肯定实现不了，你肯定会失望。故选A。
（19）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.refuse拒绝；B.claim获得，声称，索要；C.keep保持；D.ignore忽略，忽视。句意：问孩子他们想成为什么，会让他们获得一种他们可能永远都不想获得的职业身份。上文介绍了问"孩子他们想成为什么"这个问题所产生的的三方面的危害。由此推知，问孩子这个问题会导致孩子获得一种他们可能永远都不想获得的职业身份。该空和后面的earn一致。故选B。
（20）C.考查副词及语境理解。A.Meanwhile与此同时；B.Otherwise否则；C.Instead代替，反而；D.However但是。句意：相反，请他们想想他们可能想做的其他事情。根据前一句"Asking kids what they want to be leads them to（19）a career identity they might never want to earn"可知，问孩子他们想成为什么对孩子没有好处。因此作者建议不要这样做。相反地，要邀请孩子想想他们可能想做的其他事情。故选C。
本文询问孩子长大之后想成为什么对孩子有害。文章介绍了三方面的害处。作者建议，邀请孩子想想他们可能想做的其他事情。
完形填空是在单项填空的基础上发展起来的介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。它题材广泛，体裁多样。文章内容新颖、有趣、可读性强，具有鲜明的时代感，包括社会生活、风土人情、人文环境、人物传记等。
41.【答案】【小题1】located
【小题2】widely
【小题3】existence
【小题4】dating
【小题5】was broken
【小题6】to find
【小题7】with
【小题8】before
【小题9】which
【小题10】earliest
【解析】（1）located.考查过去分词。句意：在2022年北京冬奥会开幕式上，两名年轻的中国运动员将火炬放在一片巨大的雪花中央。两名运动员之一迪尼格尔•依拉木江出生于新疆维吾尔自治区北部的阿勒泰地区，该地区被公认为人类滑雪运动的发源地。be located in位于，此处省略be,用过去分词作后置定语，故填located。
（2）widely.考查副词。句意：在2022年北京冬奥会开幕式上，两名年轻的中国运动员将火炬放在一片巨大的雪花中央。两名运动员之一迪尼格尔•依拉木江出生于新疆维吾尔自治区北部的阿勒泰地区，该地区被公认为人类滑雪运动的发源地。修饰动词acknowledged用副词，故填widely。
（3）existence.考查不可数名词。句意：早期，斯堪的纳维亚半岛和俄罗斯考古学的文物证明了古代滑雪运动的存在，在俄罗斯发现的最古老的滑雪运动可以追溯到7000-8000年前。此处缺少名词作prove的宾语，表抽象意义，不可数，故填existence。
（4）dating.考查现在分词。句意：早期，斯堪的纳维亚半岛和俄罗斯考古学的文物证明了古代滑雪运动的存在，在俄罗斯发现的最古老的滑雪运动可以追溯到7000-8000年前。此处为"with+宾语+宾补"的复合结构，the oldest found与date back to之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词表主动，故填dating。
（5）was broken.考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：2005年，这一记录被打破了。时间状语"In 2005"表明用一般过去时，且the record与break之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was broken。
（6）to find.考查动词不定式。句意：在阿勒泰地区，一群农民为了避雨，来到一个洞穴中，却发现了洞穴壁画，画中的人背着猎物踩在两块滑雪板上。此处表示一种出乎意料的结果，用不定式作结果状语，故填to find。
（7）with.考查介词。句意：在阿勒泰地区，一群农民为了避雨，来到一个洞穴中，却发现了洞穴壁画，画中的人背着猎物踩在两块滑雪板上。分析可知，此处为"with+宾语+宾补（prey 与carry之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表被动）"的复合结构作伴随状语，故填with。
（8）before.考查介词。句意：事实证明，根据考古学家的分析，这些洞穴壁画是在12000年前绘制的，比来自俄罗斯的文物早了约4000年。分析可知，此处缺少表示"先于"的介词，与后面的名词the artifacts构成介宾短语，故填before。
（9）which.考查定语从句。句意：北京申办冬奥会成功后，挪威、俄罗斯等18个国家的专家访问了阿勒泰，研究"人类滑雪活动的潜在起源"，并于2015年联合发表声明，确认新疆阿勒泰为世界上最早的滑雪区。此处为定语从句，关系词指代前面整个主句内容并在从句中作介词after的宾语，故填which。
（10）earliest.考查形容词最高级。句意：北京申办冬奥会成功后，挪威、俄罗斯等18个国家的专家访问了阿勒泰，研究"人类滑雪活动的潜在起源"，并于2015年联合发表声明，确认新疆阿勒泰为世界上最早的滑雪区。结合句意可知，此处用形容词最高级表示"最早的"，故填earliest。
本文是一篇说明文，以北京冬奥会为切入点，介绍了中国新疆的阿勒泰地区是人类滑雪运动的发源地。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
42.【答案】I accidentally a fish bone stuck in my throat and I have eaten fish since.But one day,the fish soup my mother made smelt fresh that my mouth was watering.I couldn't wait to pick up a bowl of the fish soup.I was about to drink my consciousness seemed to be divided into two ，half an angel and half a demon.The angel said："Be cautious it".But the demon said："Have it!" I remembered it felt to have the bone stuck,so eventually I put ∧down.Mom was and said,"Once bitten,twice shy!"
详解：
（1）get改为got.考查动词时态。句意：我不小心把鱼骨头卡在喉咙里，从此我再也没吃过鱼。根据语境可知，作者被鱼刺卡喉是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故将get改为got。
（2）ever改为never.考查句意及副词。句意：我不小心把鱼骨头卡在喉咙里，从此我再也没吃过鱼。根据语境可知，自从鱼刺卡喉后，作者就再没有吃过鱼了，所以不应用" ever "而应用"never"。故将ever改为never。
（3）very改为so.考查固定搭配。句意：但是有一天，我妈妈做的鱼汤闻起来很新鲜，我都流口水了。根据句型分析可知，此处考查so...that表"如此……以至于……"，引导结果状语从句。故将very改为so。
（4）删除fish前the.考查冠词。句意：我迫不及待地拿起一碗鱼汤。根据句意，这里表示"一碗鱼汤"，soup为不可数名词且这里没有特指概念。故删除fish前the。
（5）then改为when.考查连词。句意：我正要喝酒，这时我的意识似乎被分成了两半，一半是天使，一半是恶魔。根据句型分析可知，此处考查固定句型 be about to do sth.when表"正打算做某事突然……"。故将then改为when。
（6）half改为halves.考查可数名词的复数。句意：我正要喝酒，这时我的意识似乎被分成了两半，一半是天使，一半是恶魔。由基数词two可知，后面应加可数名词复数。故将half改为halves。
（7）over改为about.考查介词。句意：天使说："小心点。"。根据句型分析可知，此处考查be cautious about表"谨慎对待"，为固定短语搭配。故将over改为about。
（8）what改为how.考查连词。句意：我记得骨头卡住的感觉，所以最终我把它放下了。根据句意，这里应表示作者这知道鱼刺卡喉是怎样的感受，所以应用how。故将what改为how。
（9）down前加it.考查代词。句意：我记得骨头卡住的感觉，所以最终我把它放下了。根据句型分析可知，put 后缺宾语，应用it指代前面鱼汤。故在down前加it。
（10）amusing改为amused.考查形容词。句意：妈妈感到有趣并说："一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳"。根据句型分析可知，这里amuse应表示人"感到好笑的"，所以用amused,amusing指"引人发笑的"，故将amusing改为amused。
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者由于被鱼刺卡过喉，从此有了心理阴影，不再喝鱼汤的故事。
1.先通读全文。认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清大意。注意文章中上下文的逻辑关系是否正确，时态、人称、主谓、指代等是否一致。
2.聚焦出题热点、综合运用所学语言知识，对不同的错误情况进行分析和回答（即改词、加词或减词）。
3.再次通读全文，校对自己的改正是否正确。一般各种改错的方式都应该用到，如果出现了某一种改法（如加词、减词等）没有用到，要考虑自己的改错应该有问题，要对刚才不是很有把握的行进行推敲。
43.【答案】Follow the lead
It's a great honor for me to stand here and address my speech entitled "Follow the lead".As we all know,many high-profile figures were honored as inspirational role models in Touching China awards.One of the figures deeply touching my heart is Jiang Mengnan.Deaf almost since birth,she has overcome a large number of obstacles to achieve her dream of studying for a PhD at Tsinghua University.（人物事迹）
As a Gen Zer,I'd like to acquire a good knowledge of English,which is not only a tool widely used in life,but also a carrier to influence and understand the world.【高分句型一】Though life can throw challenges on my way,I'll regard them as "gifts of fate" to realize my ambition and as a messenger to spread Chinese and Chinese culture.【高分句型二】（践行优秀品质）
【解析】高分句型一：As a Gen Zer,I'd like to acquire a good knowledge of English,which is not only a tool widely used in life,but also a carrier to influence and understand the world.
翻译：作为一个Z时代的人，我想学好英语，它不仅是生活中广泛使用的工具，也是影响和理解世界的载体。
分析：本句运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：Though life can throw challenges on my way,I'll regard them as "gifts of fate" to realize my ambition and as a messenger to spread Chinese and Chinese culture.
翻译：虽然生活会给我带来挑战，但我会把它们视为实现我的抱负的"命运礼物"，并作为传播中国和中国文化的使者。
分析：本句运用了though引导的让步状语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
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