2022年高考英语语法填空与阅读科普、读后续写专项训练（三）(有答案)

这是一份2022年高考英语语法填空与阅读科普、读后续写专项训练（三）(有答案)，共9页。试卷主要包含了单句语法填空，翻译句子等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第3课：高考英语语法填空与阅读科普、读后续写专项训练（三）新人教版重点单词、句型复习（3）第一部分 语法基础（共两节）一、单句语法填空1.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water ________（short)·2.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the _________（assume) that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors 'centers. 3.Thanks to science, we have learnt to tell the difference between fantasy and _________（real).4.It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter_________ people's opinions. However, they have real impacts.5.The tool is comprised _________four key components that enable you to achieve these results.6.If you want to succeed, be devoted _________ the job after finding the proper way to do it.7. _________（give) that she was really interested in children, teaching was a proper career for her.8.It _________（estimate ) that by the 2050 , this country's population will have increased by 30 million and close to 80% will live in urban areas.9. _________ I'm concerned about most is how we can collect a huge amount of money in such a short time.10. _________ remains doubtful whether this is an important discovery.11. It is estimated that one in five cancers has been linked to________ （chemistry) exposure.12.The fruits grown by ourselves are more ________（nutrition) than those sold in the store.13. These fishes typically live between the surface of the ocean and a ________（deep) of about 3,300 feet.14.I was ________（entire) attracted by the beautiful music while listening.15. ________ instance, if he does not like greens, do not force him to eat them by lecturing about the goodness of greens.16.The organization would further help countries to cooperate in countering transnational crimes, which will________ turn lead to regional peace and stability.17.Virtual worlds offer us ________ alternative vision of how society might work.18.It is essential ________ you understand what type of soil you have in your garden before you improve it.19. We're looking for a headmaster, one ________ will devote himself entirely to the cause of education.20.The reason ________ they chose a Chinese company is that China has the most advanced technology of high-speed railway in the world.二、翻译句子1.尽管每个人都有弱点和优点，然而我们可以尽力充分利用我们的优点避免我们的缺点。While everyone has __________(weak ) and _________(strong),we can try our best to make use of our________ and avoid our __________.2.随着电子装备的出现，越来越多的孩子们宁愿待在家里也不愿出去运动，这严重地影响了他们的健康。_________the appearance of electronic devices, children would rather stay at home than go out for sports,  _________has a serious effect on their health.3.Tom 处于欠债之中由于一场严重的疾病，因此他不得不削减开销，不久他还清所有的债务。Tom is ____ ______as a result of a serous illness , so he has to ______ _______his expenses ,_____ _________he paid off all the debts .4.在过去的这些年以来，巨大的变化发生在中国，这是很显然的。It’s ___________that great changes _______  _____ ________ （take place）in China in the past years.5.这些科学家精力如此充沛而且日以继夜的工作，为此，他们受到政府的嘉奖。These scientists were ______  ________(energy) that they worked______  ______ _______（award） for ________ they_______  __________ by government.6.为了庆祝丰收，人们盛装打扮，聚在一起享受盛宴,期待下一个丰收。____ __________(celebration)harvest , people_____ _______ and ______ for ________, _______ _______ _______next harvest .7.来自不同国家的人们都会组织一些活动来纪念他们的祖先以便他们不会回来捉弄他们。People from different countries will organize some activities___ _________  _____ their ancestors ____ _______they will never come back and_____ _____ _____ them.8.这是被公认的，我们应该尊重不同的宗教信仰，因为他们为了获得独立做了大量的工作。It is recognized that we should respect different_______ ________(religion)beliefs because they did a number of work to______ _____________(independent)9.这位著名的诗人被很多年轻人如此倾慕以至于他们一直在等待他的到来。最后，这位诗人履行他的诺言出现了。The famous poet____ ________by many young people so much that they have been waiting for his ________（arrive）. Finally, the poet_____  ____  _____and ______  ______.10.你不应该用Tom的钢笔没有经过他的允许，为此，你最好向他道歉。我认为他会原谅你的。You shouldn’t use Tom’s pen without his _________（permit） ,for_____ you’d better make an_________(apologize)to him. I think he will___________you.11.我的妈妈提醒我动身去学校了，尽管我不愿意离开。My mother___________ me of _____ _____ for school while I am not willing to leave.12.真是可惜，许多士兵在战争中饿死了因为缺乏食物。It is a pity that many soldiers_______ ___ _________ because of the lack of food during  the war.13.当你在森林中遇见了野兽，不要害怕，只要躺在地上屏住呼吸。When you meet beasts in the forest, don’t be afraid , just lie down and _____ _____ _____14.孩子们正和动物们玩得开心好像他们不愿离开。The children _____ _____ _____ _____the animals ______  _______ they are not willing to leave.15.关于这个城市的农业和工业的最初的想法并没有获得支持，但是后来，他们的预测却成功了。Their________(origin) idea about agriculture and industry of this city didn’t gain support, but afterwards, their __________(predict) succeeded.第二部分 综合能力（共两节）第一节        语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）03古代中国的智慧：天坛的巧妙设计THE TEMPLE OF HEAVEN PARKThe Temple of Heaven Park, Tiantan in Chinese, is located in the Dongcheng District, Beijing. It is the 1．       (large) and most representative existing masterpiece among China’s ancient sacrificial buildings. 2．        (original), the Temple of Heaven was the place where emperors of the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty held the Heaven Worship Ceremony. First 3．        (build) in 1420, the 18th year of the reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty, the Temple of Heaven was enlarged and rebuilt during the reigns of the Ming emperor Jiajing and the Qing emperor Qianlong. In 1988, it 4．         (open) to the public as a park, showing ancient philosophy, history and religion. Its grand architectural style and profound cultural implication give 5．         insight into the practices of the ancient Eastern civilization.Covering an area of 2,700,000 square meters, it is larger than the Forbidden City, 6．        is enclosed by a long wall. 7．         (it) northern part within the wall is semicircular（半圆形的）symbolizing the heavens and the southern part is square symbolizing the earth, 8．          (reflect) an ancient Chinese thought of “the heaven is round and the earth is square”. The main buildings lie 9．        the south and north ends of the middle axis of the inner part. The most significant is the Circular Mound Altar (Huanqiutan) to hold many 10．          (ceremony). 第二节 阅读理解（科普类）The world’s first hydrogen-powered trains have begun running in Germany. They began carrying passengers Monday in Germany’s northern Lower Saxony state. The new train will run 100-kilometer trips and can travel up to 140 kilometers an hour.A French railroad company called Alstom built the two trains. Team in Germany and France cooperated on the project, which was supported by the German government. The new train model, called the Coradia iLint, signals the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to move away from pollution-producing diesel(柴油) trains.The Coradia iLint is designed to run on non-electrified train lines with low levels of noise.It uses a process that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical power. If the system produces more energy than the train needs at that time, it can store the extra energy in batteries. The only emissions (排放物) are water and steam.A single tank of hydrogen can run a Coradia iLint train for about 1,000 kilometers. This is very similar to the distance a diesel-powered train can run on with a single tank.Hydrogen-powered trains cost more than diesel trains to build. But Alstom officials say the operating costs are much lower. The company plans to provide another 14 Coradia iLint trains to Lower Saxony by 2021.The head of railroad operations in the area, Carmen Schwab, praised replacing diesel trains with hydrogen. She said the move was an important first step in using clean-burning technologies to reach climate protection goals.Officials say the area’s many wind turbines (涡轮机)will produce part of the energy to create the hydrogen to power the trains.Alstom says several other European countries have also expressed interest in developing hydrogen train systems. France has already said it wants its first hydrogen train to be operating by 2022.1.Why did Germany build the new trains?     (     )
A.To make traveling much easier. B.To carry more passengers.
C.To replace diesel trains. D.To develop friendship with France.
2.What is one advantage of the Coradia iLint?     (     )
A.It runs without making any noise. B.It doesn’t use electrical power.
C.It costs much less to run. D.It is cheaper to make it.
3.It can be concluded that hydrogen trains________.     (     )
A.are widely used.  B.can produce water and oxygen.
C.can stop air pollution.  D.are environmentally friendly.
4.What might be the best title for the text?     (     )
A.World’s First Hydrogen Trains. B.Efforts to Reduce Emissions.
C.Saving Natural Resources. D.A New Way to Make Electricity. 第三部分 读后续写（满分25分）【重难点】重点：创作合乎逻辑的故事情节难点：正确运用读后续写写作技巧到作文中【续写写作要求】：语言连贯，行文流畅，上下文有逻辑，结局正能量。【续写写作技巧】：Tip 1: 故事要围绕着主要人物展开。Tip 2: 详细刻画角色及其情感。Tip 3: 使用恰当的衔接词以使故事更有连贯性。Tip 4: 使用恰当的修饰词以使描写更加生动。Tip 5: 做到首尾呼应以使故事更加有条理。Tip 6: 确保第二段和第一段的衔接有逻辑。 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。A little boy and his grandmother came to see Santa at Mayfair Mall in Wisconsin. The child climbed up on Santa Claus's lap holding a picture of a little girl."Who is this?" asked Santa, smiling. "Your friend? Your sister?""Yes, Santa," he replied."My sister, Sarah, who is very sick," the boy said sadly.Santa glanced over at the grandmother who was waiting nearby and saw her wiping her eyes with a tissue."She wanted to come with me to see you very much, Santa!" the child shouted."She misses you," he added softly.Santa tried to cheer the boy up, asking him what he wanted Santa to bring him for Christmas.When they finished their talk, the grandmother came over to help the child get off his lap， and started to say something to Santa, but halted (停顿)."What is it?" Santa asked warmly."Well, I know it's really too much to ask you, Santa, but..." The girl in the photograph is my granddaughter. You see... she has leukemia（白血病）and isn't expected to make it even through the holidays," she said through tear-filled eyes."Is there any way, Santa, any possible way that you could come to see Sarah?All she's asked for. for Christmas. is to see Santa.Santa blinked. swallowed hard and told to the woman to leave information with his elves（小精灵）as to where Sarah was，saying he would see what he could do. Santa thought of nothing else for the rest of that afternoon. "What if it were MY child lying in that hospital bed, dying?" he thought with a sinking heart.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Santa knew what he had to do.                                                                  ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________One year later at Mayfair Mall, a little girl came up to sit on Santa’s lap and said, “Hi, Santa! Remember me?”                                                                                       ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________   【分析】本文以人物为线索展开， 讲述一个小男孩和他的祖母去威斯康星州的梅菲尔购物中心看圣诞老人， 因为小男孩的妹妹Sarah生病了。Sarah特别想和圣诞老人见一面，于是他的祖母请求圣诞老人帮忙去见一下Sarah。圣诞老人同意了，并且真的去医院看了Sarah并鼓励她快点康复，希望明年在梅菲尔购物中心能再次见到Sarah。一年后，Sarah真的去梅菲尔购物中心看圣诞老人，让圣诞老人非常感动，这也成为这个圣诞节圣诞老人收到的最好的礼物。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“圣诞老人知道他该怎么做。”可知，第一段可描写圣诞老人去医院看Sarah，Sarah很开心，圣诞老人鼓励Sarah快点康复，希望下一个圣诞节在梅菲尔购物中心看到她。
②由第二段首句内容 “一年后，在梅菲尔购物中心，一个小女孩走过来坐在圣诞老人的腿上说，“嗨，圣诞老人!还记得我吗?”可知，第二段可描写Sarah真的去梅菲尔购物中心看圣诞老人，这让圣诞老人非常激动。
2.续写线索：开车——找到——进入房间——冲过去——拥抱——非常惊讶——涌出泪水3.词汇激活
行为类
①开车：drive to/drive a car/drive off
②找到：find/find out/seek out
③进入房间：enter the room/come into the room/get into the room④冲过去：rush to/run to⑤拥抱：hug/embrace/hold in one’s arms情绪类
①非常惊讶：jaw dropped /surprised/amazed/surprisingly
②涌出泪水：Tears spring into his eyes/burst into tears
【点睛】[高分句型1]. He drove to the hospital and found out which room Sarah was in.（由连接词which引导的宾语从句作found out的宾语）
[高分句型2]. He scarcely recognized her, for her hair was long and her cheeks was rosy-much difference from the girl he had visited a year before.（连词for引导的原因状语从句和先行词是the girl，省略关系代词的定语从句）  【实战练习】续写第一段：Para. 1   Santa knew what he had to do.                                                                                                                                                                                                                               续写第二段：Para. 2 One year later at Mayfair Mall, a little girl came up to sit on Santa’s lap and said, “Hi, Santa! Remember me?”                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        参考答案：第一部分 语法基础（共两节）一、单句语法填空1.shortage 2. assumption 3.reality 4.of  5.of  6.to 7.Given 8.is estimated 9.What 10.It 11.chemical 12.nutritious 13.depth 14.entirely 15.For 16.in 17.an 18.that 19.who 20.why 二、翻译句子参考答案：1.weakness,strength, advantages ,disadvantages 2.With,which 3.in debt, cut down, before long, 4.obvious，have taken place 5.so energetic ,day and night, which were praised 6.To celebrate, dressed up, gathered ,feast, looking forward to 7.in memory of ,so that, play tricks on 8.religious, gain independence 9.is admired ,arrival, kept his words, turned up 10.permission ,which, apology ,forgive 11.reminded ,setting off, 12.starved to death 13.hold your breath 14.are having fun with as though 15.original ,prediction .  第二部分 综合能力（共两节）一、语法填空1．largest   2．Originally   3．built   4．was opened   5．an6．which   7．Its   8．reflecting   9．at   10．ceremonies二、阅读理解1.C; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句 The new train model ,called the Coradia ilint, signals the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to move away from pollution-producing diesel (柴油) trains. 可知,这种名为 Coradia ilint 的新型火车模型标志着德国和其他国家开始努力摆脱污染排放的柴油火车。因此可知为了取代柴油火车,德国要建造新火车。故正确答案为C。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一、二句 Hydrogen-powered trains cost more than diesel trains to build. But Alstom officials say the operating costs are much lower. 可知,氢动力火车比柴油火车造价高。但 Alstom 管理人士表示,运营成本要低得多。因此可知 Coradia iLint 的一个优点是它的运行成本要低得多。故正确答案为C。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第四段全段 It uses a process that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical power. If the system produces more energy than the train needs at that time, it can store the extra energy in batteries. The only emissions (排放物) are water and steam. 可知,它利用氢和氧的合成过程来产生电能。如果该系统产生的能量超过列车当时的需要,它可以将多余的能量储存在电池中。唯一的排放物是水和蒸汽。因此可知氢动力火车是环保的。故D项正确。A项,“氢动力火车被广泛使用”。根据文章第一段第一句 The world's first hydrogen-powered trains have begun running in Germany. 可知,世界上第一辆氢动力火车在德国开始运行。因此可知氢动力火车没有被广泛使用。故A项错误。C项,“氢动力火车可以阻止空气污染”。根据文章第四段全段 It uses a process that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical power. If the system produces more energy than the train needs at that time, it can store the extra energy in batteries. The only emissions (排放物) are water and steam. 可知,它利用氢和氧的合成过程来产生电能。如果该系统产生的能量超过列车当时的需要,它可以将多余的能量储存在电池中。唯一的排放物是水和蒸汽。因此可知氢动力火车很环保,但是并不意味着氢动力火车可以阻止空气污染。故C项错误。B项,“氢动力火车能产生水和氧”。根据文章第四段第一、三句 It uses a process that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical power. The only emissions (排放物) are water and steam. 可知,它利用氢和氧的合成过程来产生电能。唯一的排放物是水和蒸汽。因此可知氢动力火车不会产生氧。故B项错误。故正确答案为D。
4.主旨大意题。文章主要论述了世界上第一辆氢动力火车在德国开始运行,具体介绍了这辆火车的制造公司、运行原理、运行成本以及其环保功能。A项,“世界上第一辆氢动力火车”,符合题意。故A项正确。C项,“节约自然资源”。节约自然资源只是文章论述的一个方面,不足以概括文章主旨。故C项错误。B项,“努力减少排放”。努力减少排放只是文章论述的一个方面,不足以概括文章主旨。故B项错误。D项,“一种新的发电方式”。文章并未论述一种新的发电方式。故D项错误。故正确答案为A。 第三部分 读后续写参考范文： Paragraph 1:Santa knew what he had to do. He drove to the hospital and found out which room Sarah was in. Taking a deep breath, and forcing a smile on his face, he entered the room, saying "Ho, ho, ho! Santa!" Screamed Sarah weakly. Santa rushed to give her a warm hug and a Christmas gift. Now, Sarah," Santa said, "you have job to do, and that is to get well. I expect to see you at Mayfair Mall this time next year!" "Yes, Santa!" Sarah shouted, her eyes bright. Santa kissed her on the forehead and left.Paragraph 2:One year later at Mayfair Mall, a little girl came up to sit on Santa's lap and said, "Hi, Santa! Remember me?" "Of course!" Santa answered（as he always does）, smiling down at her. "You came to see me in the hospital last year!" Santa's jaw dropped. Tears immediately sprang into his eyes. "Sarah!" he shouted and hugged her tightly. He scarcely recognized her, for her hair was long and her cheeks was rosy-much difference from the girl he had visited a year before. He looked over and saw Sarah's grandmother smiling and wiping her eyes. That was the best Christmas ever for Santa Claus.