高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 1 Teenage life学案

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 1 Teenage life学案，共8页。

Grammar——短语
1．Ging frm junir high schl t senir high schl is a really big challenge.
2．The first week was a little cnfusing.
3．First, I had t think very carefully abut which curses I wanted t take.
4．My adviser recmmended that I shuld sign up fr advanced literature because I like English and I'm gd at it.
5．The main purpse f the curse is t help imprve each student's reading ability.
[我的发现]
(1)句1中名词短语a really big challenge在句中作表语；
(2)句2中形容词短语a little cnfusing在句中作表语；
(3)句3中副词短语very carefully在句中作状语；
(4)句4中名词短语advanced literature在句中作宾语；
(5)句5中名词短语the main purpse f the curse在句中作主语。
一、名词短语(Nun Phrase或NP)
英语中，短语有很多种类型，其中名词短语最为重要，它是英语造句中不可或缺的元素。
1．定义：名词与它的修饰语一起构成的短语。
2．句法功能
(1)名词短语在句中充当主语。
These red rses are fr yu.
这些红玫瑰是送给你的。
(2)名词短语在句中充当宾语。
I have three clse friends.
我有三个要好的朋友。
(3)名词短语在句中充当表语。
He is my best friend.
他是我最好的朋友。
(4)名词短语在句中充当宾语补足语。
We cnsider him a gd teacher.
我们认为他是一位好老师。
[即时演练一] 写出下列句子中画线的名词短语在句中所作的句子成分，并注意其组成。
①These ideas may seem strange t yu.作主语
②We lve ur great mtherland very much.作宾语
③The man wearing a black cat is ur teacher.作表语
④Thse beautiful flwers cme frm Yunnan.作主语
⑤We made him capital f ur team.作宾语补足语
⑥He gt three gld medals at the 23rd Olympic Games.作宾语
⑦The tall building was built last year.作主语
[点津]
(1)名词短语在句中作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
(2)名词短语由“(限定词)＋(数词、形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)＋名词＋(介词短语)”组成。
(3)限定词包括冠词(a，an，the)、指示代词(this，that，these，thse等)、形容词性物主代词(my，yur，his，her，ur，their，its等)和不定代词(sme，n，neither，bth等)。
二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrase或AdjP)
1．定义：由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。
2．组成
(1)两个或多个形容词由and或but等连接构成形容词短语。
Yur rm is large and beautiful.
你的房间又大又漂亮。
(2)very等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。
It is very ht tday.
今天很热。
(3)介词及其宾语可用在形容词后修饰形容词，可与形容词构成形容词短语。
I am sure f success.
我确信会成功。
(4)不定式在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语。
He is sure t cme.他一定会来。
[即时演练二] 写出下列句子中的形容词短语
①He is yung but clever.yung but clever
②The rm was very dirty.very dirty
③The rad is lng enugh.lng enugh
④The bttle is full f water.full f water
⑤She is a girl lively and lvely.lively and lvely
3．句法功能
(1)作表语
The bridge is lng and wide.
这座桥又长又宽。
(2)作宾语补足语
I think yur answer crrect and prper.
我认为你的答案正确且恰当。
(3)用在名词的前面或后面作定语。
We have a small but beautiful rm.
我们有一个漂亮的小房间。
He is a wrker wrthy f praise.
他是一个值得表扬的工人。
[即时演练三] 写出下列句子中画线的形容词短语在句中所作的句子成分，并注意其组成。
①The air tday is nice and clean．作表语
②He fund the film very interesting.作宾语补足语
③This is a subject wrthy f careful study.作定语
④Our English teacher is very nice and patient.作表语
⑤I fund it very hard t get alng with freigners.作宾语补足语
[点津]
(1)形容词短语在句中当作形容词用，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(2)形容词短语由“(副词)＋形容词＋(介词短语)”组成。
三、副词短语(Adverb Phrase或AdvP)
1．定义：由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语。
2．组成
(1)两个或多个副词可以由and或but等连接构成副词短语。
I tried again and again.
我试了一遍又一遍。
(2)very, extremely等程度副词作修饰语，可以与其他副词构成副词短语。
He runs extremely fast.
他跑得快极了。
(3)介词及其宾语可用在副词后修饰副词，可与副词构成副词短语。
He went n studying deep int the night yesterday.
昨天他一直学习到深夜。
[即时演练四] 写出下列句子中的副词短语
①She types quickly and crrectly.quickly and crrectly
②He can finish that much quicker.much quicker
③The teacher speaks clearly enugh.clearly enugh
3．句法功能：副词短语在句中主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词。
I warned him again and again.
我一再警告他。(副词短语again and again修饰warned)
Dn't talk s ludly.
别大声喧哗。(副词短语s ludly修饰talk)
[即时演练五] 写出下列句子中画线的副词短语在句中所作的句子成分及修饰成分，并注意其组成。
①He ran very quickly yesterday.修饰动词；作状语
②I am much t pleased t see yu.修饰形容词；作状语
③She plays well enugh as a beginner.修饰动词；作状语
④He wrked much mre carefully n the new design.修饰副词；作状语
[点津]
(1)副词短语在句中作副词用，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词，作状语。
(2)副词短语由“(副词)＋副词”组成。
survival n.生存；幸存；幸存事物
(教材p.17)We'll learn survival skills.
我们将要学习生存技能。
(1)survive vi. 生存；存活
vt.幸存；艰难度过
survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活下来
survive n依靠……生存下来
A survive B (by ...)A比B活得长(……)
(2)survivr n.幸存者；生还者
[佳句] Much t ur jy, all f the 20 peple were able t survive the fire, which brught great cmfrt t their families.
使我们非常高兴的是，20个人全部在火灾中幸免于难，这给他们的家人带来了巨大的宽慰。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Hw des the family survive n such a small mnthly wage?
②As far as I knw, the ld lady survived her husband by 5 years.
③If he culdn't find his way ut f the frest, there wuld be little chance f survival (survive).
[写美] 句式升级
④After she had survived that night, she was cnfident that everything else wuld be all right.
→Having survived that night, she was cnfident that everything else wuld be all right.(分词作状语)
[点津] survive 表示“幸免于难”时，是及物动词，其后不需要加介词in或frm。
维度一：基础题型练
写出下列句子中画线部分的短语类型。
1．We were passing by a bat huse when we met her.名词短语
2．Tw f my brther's friends came t see him ff.名词短语
3．She will explain quite clearly what she intends t d in future.副词短语
4．Quite prperly, she was punished.副词短语
5．He is inexperienced, but he is quite clever.形容词短语
6．The fruit is gd t eat.形容词短语
7．The servant was afraid t wake up his master.形容词短语
8．I didn't need t answer the questins，which saved me a lt f truble.名词短语
9．The cute by wearing blue jeans is my brther.名词短语
10．Always nervus，the man pened the letters.形容词短语
维度二：语法与写作
1．We will try t make ur cuntry mre beautiful．
我们将努力使我们的国家更美丽。
2．I wn the first prize in the Chinese speech cntest.
我在中文演讲比赛中获得了第一名。
3．I have n mney t buy such an expensive gift fr her.
我没有钱给她买这么贵的礼物。
4．It sunds like a gd idea．
听起来是个好主意。
5．I think ur city shuld develp healthily，s that we culd have a better hmetwn in the future.
我认为城市应该健康发展，这样我们将来才能有一个更好的家乡。
6．Guangzhu is a beautiful place fr peple t live in.
广州是一个美丽的地方，适合人们居住。
维度三：语法与语篇
写出下面短文中画线的短语属于名词短语、形容词短语还是副词短语，并写出其所作的成分。
In Canada，vlunteering is 1.extremely cmmn amng peple f all ages.They believe that being helpful is 2.ne f the mst imprtant qualities t have.There are many frms f 3.vluntary wrk and pprtunities t help everywhere, including schls r peple's gardens.
I'm vlunteering fr an rganisatin t assist 4.the teachers there.I'm in charge f a preschl class，where students are 5.very lvely.When I first started，I was 6.quite nervus as I'd never wrked with little kids befre.As time went n，I became mre familiar with them.One teacher asked me t help 7.the yungest girl in the class draw a picture based n the wrd “grateful”．As I was drawing and talking with her，I gradually felt 8.warm and peaceful, and I realized it was nt that difficult t wrk with children.When the class was ver, I felt really excited and even 9.a bit prud f what I had dne.
Vlunteering gives us nt nly an pprtunity t change smene's life but als the satisfactin f helping thers.It is als a great way t develp scial skills and gain valuable experience fr ur future.Fr example，I have learned t speak t thers 10.mre kindly and clearly.
答案：1.形容词短语；作表语 2.名词短语；作表语
3．名词短语；作宾语 4.名词短语；作宾语 5.形容词短语；作表语 6.形容词短语；作表语 7.名词短语；作宾语
8．形容词短语；作表语 9.形容词短语；作表语
10．副词短语；作状语