译林版英语八年级上册Unit6知识梳理练习题
展开牛津译林8AUnit6知识梳理
知识点一 Comic-- Reading
【知识梳理】
- The science teacher encourages the Class 1, Grade 8 students to join the Birdwatching Society.
1)Join vt&vi.参加;连接,结合
例:Make sure you join the queue.一定要排队。
Will you join the game?你加不加入我们的游戏?
【拓展】join hands携手,联手;齐心协力;join in加人;参加;join hands with 握手
join forces协力;团结;join together 结合;连接;join the army 参军
join the club加入俱乐部;join the Party 入党
例:Let's join hands to work for a world of enduring peace and prosperity.
让我们携起手来,为世界的待久和平与繁荣而奋斗!
How did these two parts join together? 这两部分是如何连接在一起的?
【辨析】join; join in; take part in
join指加人某党派、某组织或某社会团体,以及参军等,还可表示参与某种活动。
join in通常指参加某种活动,尤其指和其他人一起参加某项活动.
表达“与某人一起做某事”则用join sb. in sth. /doing sth.
take part in指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、游行等,往往指参加者持有积极的态度, 起一定作用,有时与join in可互换。
例:I will never forget the day when I joined the Party. 我永远也忘不了人党的那一天。
May I join in the game? 我可以参加这个比赛吗?
Will you take part in the English evening? 同我们一起参加英语晚会好吗?
完成句子。
(1)我们应该积极参加学校的活动。
We should________________school activities.
(2)我希望你们大家都参加讨论。
I hope you'll all________________the discussion.
答案:(l)take an active part in (2)join in
2) encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
2. broad wings
Broad adj. 宽的,宽大的;清楚的,明显的
例:What a broad street! 多么宽阔的街道啊!
【辨析】broad和wide
①用于具体意义表示“宽”时,两者没有区别,可相互代替, 但broad侧重于面积的广阔,尤指面积大;wide强调从一边到另 一边的距离远。
②与数词连用表示“……宽”时,只可用wide,不能用broad。
③表示人的肩、背、胸时,只能用broad,不可用wide;但表示 眼大、嘴大时,用wide。
例:The woman is tall and broad.那女人身高体宽。
The gate isn't wide enough to get the truck through. 大门不够宽,卡车进不去。
单项选择。
Our classroom is 7 meters_______.
A. widely B. wide C. broad D. broaden
答案:B
- Zhalong Nature Reserve is Heilongjiang Province in North-east China. (P70)
意为“大自然,自然界”,其形容词形式为natural,意为“大自然的”。如:
a nature reserve in China中国的一个自然保护区
the Natural History Museum自然历史博物馆
- The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife. (P70)
1) provide作“供给、供应、提供”解时,可跟双宾语。如:
The government will provide them useful work.
政府给他们提供有用的工作。
We provided them food and shelter.
我们给他们提供食物和避难所。
I must provide food and clothes for/to my family.
我必须给我的家庭提供食物和衣服。
2) cover 的主要用法如下:
(1)cover作为名词,意思为“封面,盖子,覆盖物,栖息地”
例:Is that you on the cover? 那个封面人物是你吗?
We provide food and cover for the panda. 我们为熊猫提供食物和栖息地。
(2)cover作动词:
①表示“覆盖,遮蔽”,常与介词with连用,
例:Please cover the desk with the cloth. 请用这块布遮盖桌子。
be covered by 被…覆盖;be covered with被…覆盖;充满着
例:The grass is covered with leaves in the early morning of autumn.
②表示“支付(费用)”
例:I washed dishes at a Chinese restaurant to cover living expenses.
我在一家中餐馆洗盘子以支付日常生活开销。
5. Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings. 一些人想要减少湿地面积,以腾出更多的地方建造农场和房屋。(P70)
1) in order to 意为“为了……”,表示目的。在用法和意义上与so as to 结构类似,但是in order to 结构可以放在句首、句中,而so as to 多用于句中。其否定形式直接在to后面加not。
扩展:in order to 和so as to 在句中表示目的时,可以转化成in order that 或so that引导的目的状语从句
We should work hard in order to pass the exam.b1.com
We should work hard so as to pass the exam.
We should work hard in order that we can pass the exam.
We should work hard so that we can pass the exam.
为了通过考试,我们应该努力学习。
2) space作名词,意为“空间,太空,空白,间隔”
例:Leave a space after that word. 在那个词之后留下间隔。
space 的短语
after a space 片刻后 in space在太空中 in the space of a moment 一瞬间
【拓展】space表示“空间”时,一般不用冠词,其同义词为room, 但room还可作“房间”讲,为可数名词。
space还可译为“太空”,常见单词有spaceship宇宙飞船,spaceman宇航员。
例:There isn't enough space in this room for 50 desks. 这个房间没有足够的空间容纳530张课桌。
Please make space/room for the old man. 请给这个老人让点地方。
Shenzhou VI Spaceship travelled around the earth for five days_______.
A. in space B. in the space C. on space D. on the space
6. lead to less and less space for wildlife导致野生生物的空间越来越小(P70)
1) make space/room for为…腾出空间
2) lead to doing sth 导致做某事(lead—led)
Lead to = result in = cause = bring about 导致
3) less and less + 不可数名词; fewer and fewer+ 可数名词; more and more + 可数、不可数名词
- Now the government has made laws to prevent all these things in Zhalong. (P70)
prevent 作动词,意思为“阻止”
常见词组为prevent from doing sth.
解析:prevent...from, keep...from 与stop... from
这三个短语的意思都是表示“阻止……做……”或“阻止……发生”,而protect...from是表示“保护……不受伤害”。
Prevent...from 和stop... from用在主动语态中时from可以省略
Keep...from在表示此意时,from不可以省略,否则keep...doing是“使……处于……状态中”的意思,如:
We must prevent the water from being polluted. 我们必须阻止水被污染。
We stopped him from coming here. 我们阻止他来这里。
The heavy rain kept us from coming on time. 大雨让我们没能按时到。
8. We record their types and changes in their numbers.我们记录它们的种类以及数量的变化。(P70)
1) record的用法归纳:
(1)record作动词
①表示“记录”,如:
We should record the events of the past.我们应该把过去的事件记录下来。
②表示“录音,录影”,如:
She has recorded several songs. 她已录了好几首歌。
(2)record作名词:
①作“记录”讲,常用在词组keep a record of 中,如:
Here is a record of road accidents. 这是一份交通事故的记录。
②表示“个人行为的记录,履历”,如:
Tom had a fine record at school. 汤姆在学校成绩良好。
③表示“(常指运动)记录,最好的成绩”,如:
break a record 打破记录 set a record 创造记录
keep/hold a record 保持记录 equal/match a record 平一项记录
national record国家记录 Asian record 亚洲记录
world record世界记录
2) change的用法归纳:
(1)change作动词:
①change...for...意为“用……换……”如:
I’m thinking of changing my car for a new one.我正考虑换辆新车。
②change...into...意为“把……变成(换成)……”,如:
We can change ice into water by heating it. 通过加热我们可以把冰变成水。
(2)change作名词:
①表示“变化;改变”,多用于可数名词,有时也可用作不可数名词,
Great changes have taken place here since 1978.自1978年以来这里发生了巨大的变化。
②表示在某一方面的变化或改变,通常用介词in,如:
There has been a change in the programme You are the one.《非诚勿扰》节目有所变动。
③表示“零钱,找头”,是不可数名词,如:
Don’t forget your change.不要忘记你的零钱。
④用于for a change, 意为“为了变化”,如:
We usually go there by bus,but this time we will go by bike for a change.
我们通常乘公共汽车去那儿,但这次我们想换个方式骑自行车去。
9. We hope this will help people understand the importance of the wetlands. 我们希望这将帮助人们明白湿地的重要性。(P70)
importance为名词,意为 “重要性”;important 为形容词,意为 “重要的”。be of importance =be important
The meeting to be held next month will be of great importance.
=The meeting to be held next month will be very important.
【拓展】importance是不可数名词,常用be of importance,意思相当于“be important”,在importance之前还可以用great, some,any,much,little等词修饰。如:of great importance极为主要,of little/no importance“无关紧要”。
例:Anybody should see the importance of good health. 每个人都应该知道健康的重要性。
The matter is of little importance to him.
=The matter is not so important to him.这件事对他不太重要。
根据汉语意思完成句子
这个班会很重要。
The class meeting is__________importance.
=The class meeting is_________________.
10. Many birds live in Zhalong all year round, while some go there only for a short stay.
许多鸟类一整年都生活在扎龙,而一些鸟仅仅在那里做短暂的停留。
1) all year round 意思为“一年到头,一整年”
例:Kunming is a beautiful city all year round. 昆明是一个四季美丽的城市。
注:all year round 相当于 the whole year,all the year
其类似短语:all day long 全天,整天;all night long 整夜;all winter long整个冬天
例:He did nothing all day long but watch films. 一整天,他除了看电影什么都没做。
2)while意思为“然而”,引导并列句,while前后句子结构相同,句意相反或者相对。
例:Lucy is tall while her brother is short. 露西个子高而她弟弟个子矮。
【拓展】while作为连词还有“虽然;当……时候”的意思。同时它还可以做名词用,意思是“一会儿;一段时间”。
例:While he admits that there are problems, he doesn't agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管他承认有问题存在,但他不同意它们不可解决。
I haven't seen Tom for a long while. 我已经很久没见到汤姆了。
3) stay的用法归纳如下:
(1)stay作名词,意为“停留”
例:I want you to come here and have a long stay. 我希望你来这儿多待几天。
(2)stay作动词,意为“停留,逗留,呆,继续”
例:I’m in a hurry. I have no time to stay. 我很忙。没有时间停留。
stay up late熬夜
11. Most birds are active in the daytime, so you can easily watch them there.
在白天绝大多数鸟是活跃的,所以你在那里很容易就能看到它们。
- active 作形容词,意思为“活跃的,积极的”,其动词形式为act. 用法归纳如下:
(1)用作表语和定语,
例:Although he is over 80, he is still very active.他虽然年过80岁,但他还是很活跃。
(2)用于搭配 be active in, 意思为“积极参加”,习惯上不用于体育方面
例:He is active in politics. 他积极参加政治活动。
注意:take part in(参加)这一短语中,part前通常不用冠词,但若之前有active修饰,则加an
例:He takes an active part in school activities. 他积极参加学校各项活动。
actively adv. 积极地,活跃地
- in the daytime 意思为“在白天”
12. Every year, a lot of tourists go to Zhalong to watch the birds. 每年许多观光者去扎龙观看鸟类。
tourist作名词,意为“旅行者,观光客”,其词根为tour,词性为名词或者动词,意为“旅行,观光”
知识点二 Grammar
【知识梳理】
动词不定式
1.作状语
a.目的状语: 放在go, come, use, live, in order等词后面.如:
I come to see you.
He runs fast in order to get there in time.
They brought in photos of their families for me to look at.
b. 原因状语: 放在sorry, glad, surprised, disappointed, excited等形容词后面。如:
I am glad to see you here.
I am sorry to trouble you.
c. 作结果状语。如:
Some of the apples are hard to reach.
The room is large enough to hold 1000 people.
2.作宾语补足语
(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to:
tell, ask, want, order, teach, invite, warn, wish, help, get, wish, allow,encourage,advise等词后面常接不定式作宾补。
例: I asked a friend to read it to me.
I tell him not to go there by bus .
Edison‘s mother taught him to read and write.
(2) 在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see, watch, hear, feel, make, let, have, observe, notice, help等)后不带to 的不定式作宾补。如:
The boss makes them work 16 hours a day.
I heard her sing in the next room.
3.“疑问词+不定式”用法
不定式前可带what,who,which,where, when, how, whose, 等疑问词, 这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。
例: He didn’t tell me where to go. (直宾)
I don’t know what to say now.(宾语)
I don't know what to do next. (宾语)
He taught us how to use the computer.(宾语补足语)
It's still a question how to get there.(主语)
知识点三 Task
【知识梳理】
1. agree vt. & vi.同意;赞成;承认;意见一致
【举例】Both have agreed on the need for the money. 双方都同意需要那笔钱。
【拓展】
1) agree with
①表示同意某人或某人的意见、想法、分 析、解释等(即持同一现点)。
②表示“(食物、天气、工作等)对……适宜”。
③表示“与……一致”。
2) agree to
①主要用来表示一方提出一项建议、安排、计划等,另一方同意协作。
②后接suggestion,plan,proposal 等名词时,与 accept 同义。
③其后既可接动词原形(此时to是不定式符号),也可接动名词(一般有逻辑主语,此时to是介词)。
3) agree on [upon]
①主要指双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议。
②后接动名词(= agree to do sth.)。
【举例】They agreed with my idea他们同意我的想法。
We agreed to his arrangement.我们同意了他的安排。
His father agreed on lending ( = to lend) us some money. 他的爸爸同意借给我们一些钱。
2. advise vt.& vi.建议;劝告;通知;警告
【举例】I advise him to be cautious. 我劝他要小心谨慎。
I advise you not to take it seriously. 我建议你不要把它当回事。
【拓展】advise sb. to do sth.建议或劝告某人做某事
advise doing sth.建议做某 事 ;advise against强烈反对;告诚
advice建议;忠告;劝告;通知(为不可数名词)
【举例】The teacher advised me against doing it. 老师劝我别干此事。
Now you can give himsome advice. 现在你可以给他一些忠告。
3.Square adj.平方的;正方形的;正直的 n.平方;广场;正方形
【举例】Our school faces the big square. 我们学校面向大广场。
The man is absolutely square. 这个人是绝对正直的。
Millie marked a square on the blackboard. 米莉在黑板上画了个正方形。
4. visitor n. 访问者;参观者
【举例】Tom drove his visitor away. 汤姆开车送走了客人。
The dog ran at the boy and bit him. 这只狗扑向男孩,把他咬了一口。
【拓展】frequent visitor常客;熟客 winter visitor冬候鸟,冬鸟
【举例】Jack was a frequent visitor in my home. 杰克是我家的常客。
【警示】英语中动词或名词后加一or构成“做某事的人”的单 词,如:inventor,actor 等。
【举例】The new machine is named after its inventor. 这部新机器是以其发明者的名字命名的。
5. application n..应用;申请
【举例】Did you send up his application? 他的申请你给交上去了吗?
His application to join the club was honoured. 他加人俱乐部的申请获得批准了。
【拓展】practical application实际应用;application for 申请
application form申请表,申请书;visa application 签证申请
6. form n.形式;形状;形态;方式;表格
【举例】He gave us each a form to fill in. 他给了我们每人一张要填写的表格。
【拓展】fill in a form填表;in the form of以…的形式;in any form以任何形式
【举例】Most of China s energy imports are in the form of crude oil.中国大部分能源进口都是以原油的形式。
Geographic data can be stored in any form. 地理信息数据可以任何形式保存。
7. birth n. 出生;血统;出身;起源
【举例】It was the birth of her grandchildren that gave her greatest pleasure.是孙儿孙女们的降生给了他最大的欢乐
America has never been united by blood or birth or soil. 血缘、出身或地域从未将美国联合起来。
【拓展】birthday n.生日 ;birthplace n.出生地; date of birth出生日期; at birth出生时
give birth to生产,产生,生孩子
【举例】What 's your date of birth?你的生日是几月几日 ?
Mr. Green gave birth to a baby girl last night. 格林夫人昨晚生了一个女孩。
8. hobby
【用法】n.业余爱好
【举例】His hobby is playing tennis.他的爱好是打球。
They have many hobbies. What about you? 他们有许多业余爱好,你呢?
【辨析】habit,hobby,custom,practice这四个词都可表示“习 惯,习俗”的含义,但有一定的差异。
habit常指个人的习惯,习性。
hobby通常指业余的爱好。
custom通常指社会、国家、宗教等长时间形成的习惯、风俗或习俗。
practice通常指习俗或惯例,通常与custom同义,但常常表示贬义。
【举例】Tom has no habit of smoking. 汤姆没有吸烟的嗜好。
The special custom has been held on nowadays. 这个特别的习俗一直流传到现在。
10. Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings.
一些人为了为农田和建筑腾出更多的地方而想使湿地变得更小。
【解析】本句中的in order to have...引导的是目的状语,短语
have space for意思是“为…腾出地方”。
【举例】They should do something together at weekends so as to strengthen their relationship.
为巩固他们的感情,他们应该在周末一起做一些事情。
If people change the wetlands to make space for farms,the birds will not have enough space to live.
如果人们改变湿地,为农田腾出地方,鸟类就没有足够的地方居住。
【拓展】in order to / so as to…相当于动词不定式引导的目的状语。
make space for和make room for都是为… 腾出空间或地方,其中的space和room都是不可数名词。
【举例】What do you want to make room for in your life?你想要你的生活中有什么样的空间?
11.We should protect the wetlands not only because they are home to many birds and animals but also because they are important to the health of people all over the world.
我们保护湿地,不仅是因为它们给许多鸟类和动物提供家园,而且湿地对全世界人的健康也很重要。
【解析】本句中not only...but also…为连词词组,它连接两个 由because引导的原因状语从句,意思是“不仅……而且……”。
【举例】Not only Tom hut also his son joined the Party. 汤姆和他儿子都入了党。
My daughter not only plays well but she also sings. 我女儿不仅弹奏一手好乐器,而且还会唱歌。
【拓展】这个连词词组用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者,其中的also有时可以省略。若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。若连接两个句子,not only置于句首其后面的句子要用倒装。
【举例】His father works not only on weekdays but on Sundays as well.他爸爸不仅平时工作,星期日也工作。
Not only you but also I have to leave. 不只是你,我也得离开。
Not only did the boy speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.
这个男孩不仅说得更正确,而且讲得更轻松。
12. Anything else? 还有其他东西吗?
【解析】本句是个省略句,其完整形式是Is there anything else?
【举例】Do you have anything else to say? (Anything else to say?)你有什么其他事要说吗?
Is there anything else he might like? (Anything else he might like?)有什么别的他可能喜欢吗?
【拓展】类似这种省略方式的还有:Anyone else? Anybody else?(还有其他人吗?)
【举例】Is there anyone else in the room? 房间里还有其他人吗?
13. You can call me on 010—5558 6390 or e-mail me at amy @sunshinetown. com. cn.
你可以拨 010—5558 6390 给我打电话,或用邮箱地址amy@ sunshinetown. com. cn给我发电子邮件。
【解析】本句中的“call sb. on/at+电话号码”意为“拨……号码给某人打电话”。其中介词on和at都可用。
【举例】I live in a new flat now. Please call me on 010—58743245. 我现在住在新家,请打010—58743245这个号码找我。
【拓展】如果号码作宾语就不用介词on或at,直接用call + 号码。
【举例】If fire breaks out.,please call 119 at once. 如果发生火灾,请立刻拨119。