高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection学案设计

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection学案设计，共7页。

情境创设·语法精讲
教材链接
（1）（教材P29） The expert said, “Frm the psitin f its dead bdy, the bear appeared t have starved and died.”
→The expert said that frm the psitin f its dead bdy, the bear appeared t have starved and died.
（2）（教材P29） The reprter asked, “Will plar bears die ut because f climate change?”
→The reprter asked whether plar bears wuld die ut because f climate change.
（3）（教材P29） The reprter asked, “Hw can we save plar bears frm extinctin?”
→The reprter asked hw we culd save plar bears frm extinctin.
（4）（教材P29） “Let’s wrk tgether t stp climate change,” the expert said.
→The expert advised us t wrk tgether t stp climate change.
观察上面句子，每小题中的两个句子中，第一句是直接引语；第二句是间接引语。
要点精析
Ⅰ. 基本概念
直接引用别人的原话，并把它放在引号内, 这叫直接引语；用自己的话来转述别人说的话，并且不能用引号，这叫间接引语。直接引语和间接引语之间可以相互转换。
Ⅱ. 直接引语转换成间接引语时，需要注意以下变化。
1.句子结构的变化
（1）直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时由that引导宾语从句，that也可以省略。
He said, “My father never talks much abut the war.”
→He said that his father never talked much abut the war.
She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”
→She said that their bus wuld arrive in five minutes.
（2）直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句，变为间接引语时由if或whether引导宾语从句。大多数情况下if和whether可以互换，但后面有r （nt）时，一般只用whether。
He asked me, “D yu like playing ftball?”
→He asked me if/whether I liked playing ftball.
He asked, “D yu speak English r French？”
→He asked me whether I spke English r French.
“Yu have finished the hmewrk, haven’t yu?” my mther asked.
→My mther asked me whether I had finished the hmewrk （r nt）.
（3）直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时由相应的特殊疑问词引导宾语从句，从句用陈述句语序。
He asked me, “What d yu want t eat tnight?”
→He asked me what I wanted t eat that night.
（4）直接引语是祈使句, 变为间接引语时用ask/tell/rder sb. （nt） t d sth. 句式。“Dn’t make any nise,” she said t the children.
→She tld/rdered the children nt t make any nise.
“Make gd use f yur time,” he said.
→He tld me t make gd use f my time.
2. 人称的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，人称的变化遵循以下原则。
（1）一随主：直接引语的主语是第一人称，变为间接引语时要和主句的主语人称保持一致。
She said, “I wn’t be frustrated.”
→She said that she wuldn’t be frustrated.
They said, “We’ll g there by bus.”
→They said they wuld g there by bus.
（2）二随宾：直接引语的主语是第二人称，变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语人称保持一致。如果主句没有宾语，也可用第一人称。
He said t Lily, “Yu must make gd use f the chance.”
→He tld Lily that she must make gd use f the chance.
He said, “Yu must be careful when yu crss the rad.”
→He said that I must be careful when I crssed the rad.
（3）第三人称不更新：如果直接引语的主语是第三人称，人称不变。
The bss said, “Tm shuld attend the meeting.”
→The bss said that Tm shuld attend the meeting.
His mther said t me, “He can’t g t schl.”
→His mther said t me that he culdn’t g t schl.
3. 时态的变化
（1）直接引语变间接引语时, 如果主句是过去的某种时态, 间接引语在时态方面要作相应的变动, 具体如下表：
The girl said, “I’m srry fr being late fr class.”→The girl said that she was srry fr being late fr class.
He said, “I’m writing a letter t send my greetings t Uncle Jhn.”
→He said that he was writing a letter t send his greetings t Uncle Jhn.
She said, “I have lst the pen my father bught.”
→She said that she had lst the pen her father bught.
He said, “I had finished my hmewrk befre supper.”
→He said that he had finished his hmewrk befre supper.
（2）直接引语是客观事实或真理，变成间接引语时，从句时态不变。
The teacher said, “Light travels faster than sund.”
→The teacher said that light travels faster than sund.
（3）直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，则从句的时态不变。
He says, “I am nt gd at English.”
→He says that he is nt gd at English.
She will say, “I will d it tmrrw.”
→She will say that she will d it the next day.
（4）直接引语是一般过去时，且有明确的表示过去的时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
My father said t me, “The huse was cmpletely transfrmed in 2017.”
→My father tld me that the huse was cmpletely transfrmed in 2017.
4. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
She said, “I’ll cme this evening.”
→She said that she wuld g that evening. He said, “It’s ten ’clck nw.”→He said that it was ten ’clck then.
He said, “It happened yesterday.”
→He said that it happened the day befre.
He asked me, “Will yu cme t visit me?”
→He asked me whether I wuld g t visit him.
实战演练
Ⅰ. 将下列直接引语变为间接引语
1.“I am having breakfast,” he said.
→ He said that he was having breakfast.
2.Jenny said, “I have finished my hmewrk.”
→ J enny said that she had finished her hmewrk.
3.“Yu can cme here befre eight,” he said.
→ He said that I culd g there befre eight.
4.“Did yu read the bk last week?” he said.
→ He asked if/whether I had read the bk the week befre.
5.He asked me, “Hw will yu get t the party?”
→ He asked me hw I wuld get t the party.
6.“Please pen the windw,” the teacher said t Li Ming.
→ The teacher asked Li Ming t pen the windw.
7.Sphie said, “Facts speak luder than wrds.”
→ Sphie said that facts speak luder than wrds.
8.She said t me, “They want t decrease the amunt f fat they eat.”
→ She tld me that they wanted t decrease the amunt f fat they ate.
9.“Yu are a dctr, aren’t yu?” he said.
→ He asked (me) whether I was a dctr (r nt).
10.He said, “Dn’t make s much nise, bys.”
→ He tld the bys nt t make that much nise.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1.“I haven’t seen my English teacher these days,” said Mary.
→Mary said that she hadn’t seen her English teacher thse days.
2.“Hw much have we spent n educatin this year?” she asked her husband.
→She asked her husband hw much they had spent n educatin that year.
3.“D yu knw where she lives?” he asked.
→He asked whether/if I knew where she lived .
4.“Dn’t frget t turn ff the light,” said ur mnitr.
→Our mnitr tld me nt t frget t turn ff the light.
5.“I’ll cme and see yu again this evening, Tm,” he said.
→He tld Tm that he wuld g and see him again that evening.
6.The teacher said, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”→The teacher said that where there is a will, there is a way.
7.Mary said, “I came t this place again in 2000.”
→Mary said that she went t that place again in 2000.
8.He said, “My washing machine is being repaired this week, s I have t wash my clthes by hand.”
→He said that his washing machine was being repaired that week, s he had t wash his clthes by hand.
9.Kurt asked, “Jhn, what is yur plan fr persnal grwth?”
→Kurt asked Jhn what his plan fr persnal grwth was .
10.“A parents’ meeting will be held in ur class next week,” Li Hua said t his parents.
→Li Hua tld his parents that a parents’ meeting wuld be held in their class the fllwing/next week.
Ⅲ. 语法填空
1.Plar bears are underging hunger in a wrld 1. warmer (warm) than ever befre.
Plar bears live in the envirnment t cld fr mst animals. Fr mst f the year, they live and hunt n Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared 2. them (they) fr the cld cnditins. But nthing has prepared the bears fr the danger 3. that/which threatens their nly hme.
Plar bears’ wrld is melting. Studies shw that plar ice 4. has been reduced (reduce) by 9.8% every 10 years since 1978. Nw abut 20,000 t 25,000 plar bears live in the Arctic. Plar bears depend 5. n/upn sea ice fr their 6. survival (survive). “Sea ice is mre than just the platfrm that the bears walk ver,” says Andrew Dercher, 7. a scientist wh studies Nrth American plar bear ppulatins. “Withut it, they can’t exist.”
8. Melting (melt) and refreezing f plar ice is natural. But in a warmer wrld, the cycle speeds up, and plar bears have less time 9. t hunt (hunt). Nrmally, they have three mnths in the spring when they gain mre weight. The extra fat will be used when the bears are nt 10. actively (active) hunting.直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去进行时
过去进行时（不变）
过去完成时
过去完成时（不变）
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this
that
时间状语
these
thse
nw
then
tday
that day
tninght
that night
this week/mrning
that week/mrning
yesterday
the day befre
last week
the week befre
next week
the nesxt/fllwing week
tmrrw
the next day/the fllwing day
ag
befre
地点状语
here
there
动词
cme
g
bring
take