2021-2022学年上海市杨浦区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）(含答案解析)

这是一份2021-2022学年上海市杨浦区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）(含答案解析)，共26页。试卷主要包含了【答案】【小题1】like，【答案】【小题1】B，【答案】A、C、B，【答案】C、B、A、D等内容，欢迎下载使用。


2021-2022学年上海市杨浦区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）

1. Repair Cafe When things around the house stop working,what do you usually do with them？If you're (1) a lot of people,you probably just throw them away.
This tendency has led to the modern nickname：the throwaway culture.There are many reasons for this trend.In some areas (2) it's difficult to find people who can make repairs,fixing things can be quite expensive.Also,some small appliances are so inexpensive that it's often much (3) （easy） to just buy a new one.
In 2009，Martine Postma from the Netherlands decided there must be a better way.Her solution was Repair Cafes：places where people can take damaged or (4) （tear）items.There they will find tools,resources and volunteer experts who are willing to help with repairs.
Postma's first Repair Cafe opened on Oct.18，2009，in Amsterdam,and was a huge success.News of the cafe spread,and people began asking (5) they could start their own.In 2011，Postma established the Repair Cafe Foundation.This nonprofit organization provides guidance to those hoping to begin their own neighborhood repair group.
Today,there are roughly 2，000 Repair Cafes around the world with meetings typically (6) （occur）once a month.Around 25 objects per session are repaired. (7) is free,but donations are greatly appreciated.
Not only (8) the cafes provide help with repairs,they also strengthen community ties.Neighbors get to know one another as they work together on projects.In addition,valuable knowledge is passed along and preserved.Items are kept rather than thrown away,meaning less trash in landfills. (9) an average broken item weighs a kilo,it's been estimated that 2，000 Repair Cafes prevent 35，000 kilos of trash every month.That (10) （ add） up to about 420，000 kilos per year!
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
2.
A.engagement B.specific C.observed D.wandering E.resembled
F.follow G.implements H.finding I.improvements J.translate K.require
Brain Training through Virtual Reality Scientists have long sought to prevent sharp memories from dulling with age,but the problem remains persistent.Now new research suggests virtual reality might help older people recall facts and events based on (1) details.
The study involved 42 healthy older adults from the San Francisco Bay Area.Half spent a dozen hours over four weeks playing a virtual-reality game called Labyrinth；they wore headsets and walked in place, (2) virtual neighbourhoods while completing tasks.The other half,in the control group,used electronic tablets to play games that didn't (3) finding positions or recalling details.After 15 sessions,the latter performed roughly the same as before on a long-term memory test based on picking out objects they had seen about an hour earlier.But the Labyrinth players' scores rose,and they were less frequently tricked by objects that (4) the ones they had viewed.
Those (5) "brought them back up to the level of another group of younger adults who did the same memory tests," says Peter Wais,the researcher who designed the VR game."The game likely stimulates the hippocampus - a brain area important for long-term memory.What the Wais's team is trying to do is uniquely suited to VR，" says Meredith Thompson,who studies learning through VR games but was not involved in the new study."VR can provide greater (6) than other games," she says,adding that after this proof-of-concept study,"it would be great to actually (7) people over time and see what this type of game does for long-term memory." Wais's team is now investigating how long the (8) effects last and which elements of the training have the most impact.
It remains unclear how test performance in a laboratory setting might (9) to real-world situations.The outcome,needs to be repeated,ideally with a much larger group,before it's treated as a strong (10) .
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
It is a tradition of corporate architecture.A company's top executives get offices on the top floor with the biggest windows and best views.However,nowadays some bosses choose to "hot-desk"（轮用办公桌）with everyone else.
One argument for such a（n）(3)can be made.Staff morale（士气）would(4) if the employees are stuffed in open-plan offices while the executives occupy the spacious offices.When the executives sit alongside their teams,they will be more in touch with how projects are going and how staff are feeling.In theory,if the executives are(5)，employees are more likely to approach them with problems.
But the bosses present all the time may(6)hurt morale.One of the joys of office life is the freedom to enjoy a bit of joking with colleagues.This may include the odd joke about the(7).In the presence of their boss,staff will be (8)in what they talk about and the tone of their comments.They may feel the need to sound serious at all times,for fear that the quality of their commitment to their work come into doubt.(9)，the manager may be right behind them.
You also have to wonder whether executives will really spend every morning searching for a place to sit.Some hot desks will be a lot hotter than others.Once the chief financial officer has picked a desk on day one,the junior staff will(10) that particular spot on subsequent days.In contrast,anyone who works closely with a particular executive will be (11)to pick a desk close by.
The lingering（逗留不走的）boss presents other(12).Anyone who has worked in an open-plan office will acknowledge that other colleagues' talking can make it hard to(13)at times.Managers may find themselves constantly being approached by team members with questions or problems for them to solve.Many people resort to headphones to shut out the background noise and to(14)their unavailability.But if managers do that,they run the risk of seeming shut off from their colleagues.
One study found that at firms that(15) to open-plan design,face-to-face interactions fell by 70%.Like an animal caught on open ground without cover,many people do not like being constantly observed.In the(16) of a physical barrier,they create a fourth wall,(17)their desire for privacy by facial expressions or brief replies to questions.
3.  A. image B. shift C. community D. assembly
4.  A. spill B. surface C. suffer D. survive
5.  A. reliable B. capable C. manageable D. visible
6.  A. initially B. definitely C. officially D. equally
7.  A. management B. development C. experiment D. department
8.  A. unclear B. unwelcome C. uneasy D. unfortunate
9.  A. At least B. After all C. In fact D. In short
10.  A. steer clear of B. keep track of
C. fall short of D. get rid of
11.  A. reminded B. tempted C. assured D. warned
12.  A. purposes B. promises C. protests D. problems
13.  A. comment B. concentrate C. calculate D. communicate
14.  A. signal B. conceal C. reverse D. avoid
15.  A. subjected B. applied C. switched D. admitted
16.  A. presence B. relevance C. absence D. preference
17.  A. crediting B. interpreting C. substituting D. indicating
D
It was this very morning that Garrone let us know what he is like.
The master had not yet arrived,and three or four boys were bullying（欺负）Crossi,the one with the red hair who has a dead arm and whose mother sells vegetables.They were hitting him in the face with chestnut shells.And he,alone on the end of the bench,became quite pale,begging that they leave him in peace.
All at once,Franti sprang upon a bench.Pretending that he was carrying a basket on each arm,he aped the mother of Crossi when she used to come to wait for her son at door.Many began to laugh loudly and Crossi was trembling and turning red with anger.
Suddenly Crossi seized an inkstand and threw it at the other's head with all his strength,but Franti moved aside,and the inkstand struck the master who entered at the moment,full in the breast.All flew to their places and became silent with terror.The master,quite pale,went to his table,and said in a controlled voice：
"Who did it？"
No one replied.
The master cried out once more,raising his voice still louder,"Who is it？"
Then Garrone,moved to pity for poor Crossi,rose sharply and said resolutely,"It was I."
The master looked at him,looked at the confused scholars,then said in a calm voice,"It was not you."
And after a moment."The culprit shall not be punished.Let him rise!"
Crossi rose and said,weeping "They were striking me and insulting me,and I lost my head and threw it."
"Sit down," said the master."Let those who provoked（激怒）him rise."
Four rose and hung their heads. "You," said the master,have insulted an unfortunate companion；you have struck a weak person who could not defend himself.You have committed one of the most shameful acts!"
Then he went over to Garrone and looked him straight in the eye,and said to him,"You are a noble soul."
Garrone profited by the occasion to murmur some words,I know not what,in the ear of the master,and he,turning towards the four boys,said abruptly, "I forgive you."
18. What finally provoked Crossi to throw an inkstand？ ______
A. Franti made fun of Crossi's mother walking with a dead arm.
B. Franti imitated the way Crossi's mother carried her basket.
C. The boys hit Crossi in the face hard with chestnut shells.
D. The boys pulled Crossi upon a bench and laughed at him loudly.
19. The underlined word "culprit" probably means ______ .
A. advocate B. leader C. captain D. offender
20. The master praised Garrone as a noble soul because ______ .
A. he dared to speak his mind
B. he forgave the four bullies
C. he took the blame for Crossi
D. he brought bad guys to justice
21. Which of the following is the best title for the passage？ ______
A. A Generous Deed B. A Domestic Incident
C. Making the Right Choice D. To Believe or Not to Believe
E
22. What should Linda do if she would like to swap（交换）a Harry Potter book with her classmate Jenny who lives in the same neighborhood？ ______
A. Leave the book on Jenny's doorstep.
B. Call the delivery service for help.
C. Go to the post office to mail the book.
D. Leave a note for Jenny to pick the book up.
23. At the bookswap.co.uk website,visitors can ______ .
A. share ideas on the titles they fancy reading
B. check out the new books on sale
C. list the books they would like to swap
D. advertise their favorite books
24. Which of the following statements about swapping is TRUE？ ______
A. Swapping is restricted to books and related items.
B. Swapping is organized and run on a voluntary basis.
C. Swapping is open to school-aged children only.
D. Swapping sets a great challenge for the participants.
F
Elizabeth wouldn't walk or talk as an infant.Angela's left leg was so enlarged that it hurt to stand.Emma needed a breathing machine just to sleep.Their suffering may take different forms,but their stories share a common thread：Neither they nor their families knew what was actually causing these issues.
Undiagnosed diseases are more common than you might think.Tens of millions of Americans likely suffer from disorders they cannot name.For many,the symptoms are minor.But in some cases,patients come to their doctors with serious problems caused by diseases that challenge medical knowledge.
Those cases are precisely where the Undiagnosed Diseases Network（UDN）steps in.Established in 2008，the UDN's mission is to provide answers for patients with diseases that doctors are unable to diagnose.Anyone can apply to the program and the UDN works hard to screen every application it receives.
Today,the UDN covers 12 clinical sites around the country,and has evaluated over 1，400 patients.More than 400 of those patients have received a diagnosis thanks to the UDN.In some of these cases,the network is able to match a patient with an already known condition.In others,UDN researchers must work to describe an entirely new disease and enter it into the medical dictionary.The program has added at least 25 entirely new diseases in this way.Additionally,the UDN covers the cost of the tests,meaning patients aren't burdened with crushing medical debt.
This kind of groundbreaking work helps more than just the patients themselves.Insights from studying rare diseases offer new knowledge about the human body that can benefit all of us.For example,the discovery of statins,a class of drugs commonly recommended today to help regulate high blood pressure,arose from the study of a rare genetic disorder.
"I think they've really advanced and changed the whole model for how we approach many of these illnesses," says Anne Pariser,director of the Office of Rare Diseases Research.She says the UDN's multidisciplinary approach - bringing different specialists together to talk about challenging cases -has helped advance the field of rare disease research,especially when it comes to genetic diseases.
Living with a disease without a name can be its own kind of suffering. "You grow up feeling like,I'm in this,crazy,all by myself,and no one really understands me," says Angela Moon,a UDN participant.For patients like her,the UDN offers hope for treatment,but also for finally being seen.
25. The purpose of the first paragraph is to ______ .
A. arouse the readers' interest in the UDN
B. give a vivid description of rare diseases
C. introduce the background for the UDN's founding
D. raise a complicated problem that will be solved later
26. The fourth paragraph mainly talks about ______ .
A. the way the UDN is operated nationwide
B. the progress the UDN has made so far
C. the reasons why the UDN is so popular
D. the development stages the UDN has gone through
27. What can be learned about Angela Moon？ ______
A. She used to live in despair.
B. She failed to identify with others.
C. She is receiving treatment now.
D. There will be a cure for her condition.
28. What can be inferred about the UDN's work model？ ______
A. It has helped spread the knowledge of undiagnosed diseases.
B. It prioritizes participants' privacy over solving medical mysteries.
C. It is specifically designed to deal with challenging genetic diseases.
D. It emphasizes close cooperation between specialists in separate fields.

A.It's normal to wonder about what effect we have on other people.
B.That's why fewer people notice the embarrassing circumstances they encounter.
C.Learning about the spotlight effect is important because it can help us reduce our anxiety.
D.We experience the spotlight effect not only when we make mistakes but also when we perform well.
E.People overestimate the extent to which their actions and appearance are noted by others,a phenomenon known as the spotlight effect.
F.We are so busy examining ourselves that we actually observe very little about everyone around us.
The Spotlight Effect Have you ever felt as if the entire world was watching while you made a mistake？Well,here's some good news：it's likely that no one even noticed.
The spotlight effect is a trick of the mind that makes us believe that people notice us more often than they really do. (1) .Every time we do something that is a little different from what we usually do,we may assume that everyone around us will notice.The spotlight effect might happen when we make a mistake in a game,have a bad hair day,or give a terrible answer in class.It can also appear when we score a big goal,ask someone on a date,or do a good deed.In these moments,it feels like everyone is watching.
The spotlight effect exists because we all get used to seeing things through our own eyes.Every person is the main character in his or her story,and the events of our lives seem to have great importance. (2) .
The spotlight effect is a very common part of the human experience.However,in some cases,it can lead to extreme social anxiety and nervousness around other people.Everyone suffers some degree of social anxiety.We all care about what others think,and we all want to be liked. (3) .However,this can be a problem when the anxiety is too much to handle.If someone is so nervous that they can't make good decisions,then it's time to take action and improve the situation.
(4) .Next time you feel like everyone is staring at you,remind yourself that it's just your mind playing tricks on you.Another good exercise is to make an effort to notice the people around you,rather than focusing on yourself.If you fill your mind with thoughts of your friends and family,it will help you be less self-conscious.
29.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
30.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
31.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
32.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F
33. Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Filling up on Information People now have access to more information than ever before thanks to the Internet.While there are clearly benefits to it,there are also unintended consequences.One in particular is information overload,commonly referred to as "infobesity." As the name suggests,it involves consuming an unhealthy amount of information.
Infobesity comes in a number of different forms and affects people in a variety of ways.Business people,for example,may struggle to make decisions when faced with a huge amount of information.For younger people,infobesity is often linked to their use of social media.Young people may be bombed with messages from various social media apps.Furthermore,they may feel the urge to constantly check their phones so as not to miss out on anything.Even online shoppers are affected.With so much information and so many choices available,even the simplest purchase can cause a great deal of stress and anxiety.
Infobesity also has a negative effect on how long our attention lasts.According to a study by Microsoft,the average Canadian now spends less than 10 seconds digesting a piece of media before they move on to something new.This data raises concerns that our ability to pay attention to things will continue to decline as this information overload increases.
So,what can be done to prevent the effects of this condition？While there is no easy answer,one obvious step is to limit our sources of information.Try to only focus on things that really matter to you and on just one thing at a time.Taking a break from your cellphone can also help reduce your stress.And who knows？Since technology got us into this mess in the first place,perhaps it will also present solutions in the future.
34. 为什么不安装一个能自动检测烟雾的装置呢？（ capable） ______
35. 刻有汉字的图章十分吸引人，因而他买了一个当作纪念品。（So... ） ______
36. 文明社会的标志之一就是每个人，不论贫穷与富贵，都会受到一视同仁的对待。（treat） ______
37. 有目共睹的是，当地政府多年来坚持人与自然和谐相处的理念，对保护生物多样性和发展经济同样重视。（as...as...） ______
38. Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
学校即将举办"科技节"，组委会初步确定了3幅图片用作宣传海报，目前正广泛征集学生意见。假设你是该校学生李华，决定给组委会写一封信，推荐其中1幅图片。你的信需包含以下内容：
1、简要描述你推荐的图片。
2、阐述使用此图片宣传"科技节"理由。

To the Organizing Committee,
___________________
Sincerely,
Li Hua
答案和解析

1.【答案】【小题1】like
【小题2】where
【小题3】easier
【小题4】torn
【小题5】how/whether/if
【小题6】occurring
【小题7】Everything/All
【小题8】do
【小题9】If
【小题10】adds/will add


【解析】（1）like.考查介词。句意：如果你和很多人一样，你可能会把它们扔掉。表示"像……一样"应用介词like。故填like。
（2）where.考查定语从句。句意：在一些很难找到会修理的人的地区，修理东西是非常昂贵的。空处引导定语从句，先行词areas,在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
（3）easier.考查形容词比较级。句意：此外，一些小家电非常便宜，所以通常更容易买一个新的。空处需填形容词作表语，much修饰形容词比较级。故填easier。
（4）torn.考查过去分词。句意：她的解决方案是Repair Cafés：人们可以把损坏或撕裂的物品带到这里。此处需填非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词items,tear和items为逻辑动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填torn。
（5）how/whether/if.考查宾语从句。句意：café的消息传开了，人们开始问他们如何/是否可以开办自己的网站。空处引导宾语从句，引导词表示"如何/是否"，需用连接词how或者whether/if引导。故填how/whether/if。
（6）occurring.考查现在分词。句意：如今，世界各地大约有2000个Repair Cafés组织，通常每个月召开一次会议。"with+宾语+宾语补足语"为固定用法，meetings和occur为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填occurring。
（7）Everything/All.考查代词。句意：一切都是免费的，但非常感谢捐款。空处需填代词"一切"作主语，everything/all意为"一切"，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Everything/All。
（8）do.考查倒装句。句意：cafés不仅提供维修帮助，还加强了社区联系。not only位于句首，使用部分倒装，结合"strengthen"可知，此处使用一般现在时，助动词使用do,此处将助动词前置。故填do。
（9）If.考查状语从句。句意：如果一个损坏的物品平均有一公斤重，据估计，2000修理Cafés每个月可以避免35，000公斤的垃圾。此处引导条件状语从句，需用if引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填If。
（10）adds /will add.考查动词时态。句意：每年加起来大约42万公斤！此处使用一般现在时或者一般将来时，主语为that,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填adds/will add。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了来自荷兰的马丁•波斯特玛（Martine Postma）成立的Repair Cafés以及它们为人们的生活带来的好处。
语法填空题是考查学生的语言运用能力。解题时，要在理解文章的基础上，灵活运用语法知识，如词性，时态，名词单复数，连接词，代词，冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容。答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境。

2.【答案】【小题1】B
【小题2】D
【小题3】K
【小题4】E
【小题5】I
【小题6】A
【小题7】F
【小题8】C
【小题9】J
【小题10】H


【解析】（1）B.考查形容词。句意：现在新的研究表明，虚拟现实可以帮助老年人根据具体细节回忆事实和事件。分析句子可知，"details"为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，根据句意可知，应用"specific"，意为"具体的"，形容词词性，在句中作定语。故选B。
（2）D.考查现在分词。句意：其中一半人在四周内花了十几个小时玩一个叫做Labyrinth的虚拟现实游戏；他们戴着耳机，在原地行走，在完成任务的同时在虚拟的街区漫步。根据句意和句中"walked in place"可知，他们应该是在虚拟的街区漫步，"wander"意为"漫步"，动词词性，与句子主语"they"之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词"wandering"作状语。故选D。
（3）K.考查动词。句意：另一半，在控制组，使用电子平板电脑玩游戏，不需要寻找位置或回忆细节。分析句子可知，空格处应用动词，在句中作谓语，根据句意可知，应用"require"，意为"需要"，动词词性，句子为一般过去时，"didn't"后接动词原形，故空格处用"require"的原形。故选K。
（4）E.考查动词和时态。句意：但是Labyrinth玩家的分数上升了，他们被类似于他们所看到的物体欺骗的次数也减少了。根据句意和句中"were"可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，动词要用过去式，根据句意可知，应用"resemble"，意为"类似于"，动词词性，过去式为"resembled"，在句中作谓语。故选E。
（5）I.考查名词。句意：设计虚拟现实游戏的研究人员彼得•怀斯说，这些改进"使他们恢复到另一组年轻人的水平，他们做了同样的记忆测试。"根据上文可知，Labyrinth玩家的分数上升了，由此可知，它们的记忆获得了改进，"improvement"意为"改进，改善"，名词词性，根据句中"Those"可知，空格处应用"improvement"的复数形式"improvements"，在句中作主语。故选I。
（6）A.考查名词。句意："与其他游戏相比，虚拟现实可以提供更大的参与度，"她说，在这项概念验证研究之后，她补充说"随着时间的推移，真正跟随人们，看看这种类型的游戏对长期记忆有什么作用，这将是非常棒的。"分析句子可知，"greater"为形容词，后接名词，在句中作宾语，根据句意可知，应用"engagement"，意为"参与度"，为不可数名词。故选A。
（7）F.考查动词。句意："与其他游戏相比，虚拟现实可以提供更大的参与度，"她说，在这项概念验证研究之后，她补充说"随着时间的推移，真正跟随人们，看看这种类型的游戏对长期记忆有什么作用，这将是非常棒的。"根据句意可知，应用是"跟随"人们，看看这种类型的游戏对长期记忆有什么作用，"follow"意为"跟随"，动词词性，句中为"it"作形式主语。后面的不定式作真正的主语，不定式符号"to"后接动词原形，故应用"follow"的原形。故选F。
（8）C.考查形容词。句意：怀斯的团队目前正在调查观察到的效果持续多久，以及训练的哪些因素影响最大。分析句子可知，"effects"为名词，应用形容词修饰，在句中作定语，根据句意可知，应用"observed"，意为"被观察的"，形容词词性。故选C。
（9）J.考查动词。句意：目前尚不清楚实验室环境中的测试性能如何转化为现实情况。根据句意和句中"real-world situations"可知，应该是将实验室环境中的测试性能"转化"为现实情况，"translate"意为"转变，变为"，动词词性，"might"为情态动词，后接动词原形。故选J。
（10）H.考查名词。句意：结果需要重复，理想情况下是和一个更大的群体进行试验，然后才被视为一个强有力的发现。分析句子可知，不定冠词"a"后接名词，根据句意可知，重复的实验过后才会被视为一个强有力的发现，"finding"意为"发现"，名词词性，不定冠词"a"后接可数名词单数形式。故选H。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家认为老年人可以通过虚拟现实游戏进行大脑训练，提高记忆力。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
   一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
    当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如主谓一致，动词的时态，语态，固定短语，名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。

3~17.【答案】B、C、D、D、A、C、B、A、B、D、B、A、C、C、D

【解析】（1）B．考查名词及语境理解。A.image图像；B.shift转变；C.community社区；D.assembly集会。句意：可以提出这样一种转变的理由。根据上文"some bosses choose to " hot-desk"（轮用办公桌） with everyone else. "，此处就是指代上文提及的做法。故选B项。
（2）C．考查动词及语境理解。A.spill泄漏；B.surface显露；C.suffer遭受；D.survive幸存。句意：如果员工被塞进开放式办公室，而高管们则占据宽敞的办公室，员工士气将受到影响。根据句中Staff morale和while,可推测" 士气将遭受到影响"。故选C项。
（3）D．考查形容词及语境理解。A.reliable可靠的；B.capable有能力的；C.manageable可管理的；D.visible可见的。句意：从理论上讲，如果高管们是可见的，那么员工就更有可能向他们提出问题。根据上文提及管理人员和员工一起办公，应该是可见的。故选D项。
（4）D．考查副词词义辨析。A.initially最初地；B.definitely明确地；C.officially正式地；D.equally同样地。句意：但总是在场的老板同样可能会伤害士气。根据后文"for fear that the quality of their commitment to their work come into doubt. "（因为害怕他们对工作的承诺质量受到质疑。）说明此处应该是" 同样可能会伤害士气"。故选D项。
（5）A．考查名词及语境理解。A.management管理；B.development发展；C.experiment实验；D.department部门。句意：这可能包括关于管理方面的奇怪笑话。根据后文"In the presence of their boss"，可知是关于管理层方面的笑话。故选A项。
（6）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A.unclear不清晰的；B.unwelcome不受欢迎的；C.uneasy不安的；D.unortunate不幸的。句意：在老板面前，员工们会对他们谈论的内容和评论的语气感到不安。根据后文for fear that,可知员工会感到不安的。故选C项。
（7）B．考查介词短语及语境理解。A.At least至少；B.After all毕竟；C.In fact事实上；D.In short总之。句意：毕竟，经理可能就在他们身后。结合语境，造成前面情况的原因是因为有经理在场，此处表达"毕竟"，符合语境。故选B项。
（8）A．考查动词短语及语境理解。A.steer clear of避开；B.keep track of跟踪；C.fall short of达不到；D.get rid of摆脱。句意：一旦首席财务官在第一天选择了一个办公桌，初级员工将在接下来的几天避开这个特定的位置。根据上文及下文描述，员工对首席财务官有顾虑的，此处表示"避开"符合题意。故选A项。
（9）B．考查动词及语境理解。A.reminded提醒；B.tempted尝试；C.assured确信；D.warned警告。句意：相比之下，任何与某位高管密切合作的人都会倾向于选择附近的办公桌。结合句中In contrast,可知此句句意与上文提及"员工对领导避而远之"相反。故选B项。
（10）D．考查名词及语境理解。A.purposes目的；B.promises 承诺；C.protests抗议；D.problems问题。句意：这位逗留不走的老板还会呈现其他的问题。任何在开放式办公室工作过的人都会承认，其他同事的谈话有时会让人难以集中精力。根据本段后面提及的这些方面，可知此处应该是指"老板在场的问题"。故选D项。
（11）B．考查动词及语境理解。A.comment评论；B.concentrate集中；C.calculate计算；D.communicate交流。句意：这位逗留不走的老板还会呈现其他的问题。任何在开放式办公室工作过的人都会承认，其他同事的谈话有时会让人难以集中精力。根据句中的other colleagues' talking,可知很难集中精力。故选B项。
（12）A．考查动词及语境理解。A.signal发出信号；B.conceal隐藏；C.reverse反向；D.avoid避免。句意：许多人使用耳机来屏蔽背景噪音，并发出无法使用的信号。根据后文shut off from,可知此处表达"发出无法使用的信号"。故选A项。
（13）C．考查动词及语境理解。A.subjected使臣服；B.applied应用；C.switched转换；D.admitted承认。句意：一项研究发现，在转向开放式设计的公司中，面对面的互动减少了70%。根据语境分析，此处表达" 转向开放式设计的公司"。故选C项。
（14）C．考查名词及语境理解。A.presence在场；B.relevance相关性；C.absence缺席；D.preference偏爱。句意：在没有物理障碍的情况下，他们创造了第四堵墙，通过面部表情或对问题的简短回答来表明他们对隐私的渴望。根据a physical barrier,因为是开发性办公室，所以没有物理障碍。故选C项。
（15）D．考查动词及语境理解。A.crediting存入金额；B.interpreting诠释；C.substituting替换；D.indicating表明。句意：在没有物理障碍的情况下，他们创造了第四堵墙，通过面部表情或对问题的简短回答来表明他们对隐私的渴望。根据句中"by facial expressions or brief replies to questions."，可知此处表示"表明"。故选D项。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以前公司高层管理人员都是单独的豪华办公室，现在许多公司高层都转向和员工一起在大办公室办公，文章分析了这样设置办公室的优点和缺点。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。

18~21.【答案】B、D、C、A

【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据文章第三段All at once,Franti sprang upon a bench.Pretending that he was carrying a basket on each arm,he aped the mother of Crossi when she used to come to wait for her son at door.（弗兰蒂突然跳上一张长凳。他假装每只胳膊上都挎着一个篮子，模仿克罗斯的母亲过去在门口等儿子的样子。）可知弗兰蒂模仿克罗斯的母亲提篮子的方式，最终激怒了克罗斯，他扔了一个墨水瓶。故选B。
（2）D.猜测词义题。划线词那个句子的句意是：过了一会。"罪魁祸首不应受到惩罚。让他起来！"根据倒数第四段和倒数第五段Crossi rose and said,weeping "They were striking me and insulting me,and I lost my head and threw it.""Sit down," said the master."Let those who provoked（激怒）him rise."（克罗斯站起来哭着说："他们打我，侮辱我，我失去理智，把它扔了。""坐下，"老师说。"让那些激怒他的人站起来。"）说明老师知道肯定有原因导致学生做出这样的行为，所以说"罪魁祸首不应受到惩罚。让他起来"。因此culprit的意思是"冒犯者"。A.advocate提倡者；B.leader领导；C.captain队长；D.offender冒犯者。故选D。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据文章第八段Then Garrone,moved to pity for poor Crossi,rose sharply and said resolutely,"It was I."（然后，可怜可怜的克罗斯的加罗内站了起来，坚决地说："是我。"）说明加罗内站起来替克罗斯背黑锅。故选C。
（4）A.标题归纳题。主要讲述四个小孩模仿克罗斯的母亲过去在门口等儿子的样子，欺负克罗斯。他生气扔了一个墨水瓶，但是结果落到老师身上，加罗内站起来替克罗斯背黑锅，而受到老师的表扬。A.A Generous Deed慷慨的行为；B.A Domestic Incident一起家庭事件；C.Making the Right Choice做出正确的选择；D.To Believe or Not to Believe信还是不信。故选A。
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述四个小孩模仿克罗斯的母亲过去在门口等儿子的样子，欺负克罗斯。他生气扔了一个墨水瓶，但是结果落到老师身上，加罗内站起来替克罗斯背黑锅，而受到老师的表扬。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

22~24.【答案】A、C、B

【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第三段中"Arrange to leave a book on a friend's doorstep or post it through their letterbox if it fits.If you have lots of books that you are happy to swap,or even give away,these could be left in a clear plastic container,with a lid,outside your door or by your garden or driveway.（把一本书放在朋友的门阶上，或者如果合适的话通过他们的信箱寄出去。如果你有很多愿意交换或赠送的书，可以把它们放在一个带盖子的透明塑料容器里，放在门外、花园或车道上）"可知，如果琳达想和住在同一个街区的同学珍妮交换一本《哈利波特》，她应该把书放在珍妮的门阶上。故选A。
（2）C.细节理解题。根据第五段中"With the help of an adult in your household,visit the site and see if there are any titles you fancy reading.You can also advertise the books you have that you would like to exchange.（在家里有个大人的帮助下，访问这个网站，看看是否有你想读的书。你也可以为你想交换的书做广告）"可知，在bookswap.co.uk网站上，访问者可以列出他们想交换的书。故选C。
（3）B.细节理解题。根据第三段"The books can be given back after you and your friends have read them,if you don't want to swap them forever.Arrange to leave a book on a friend's doorstep or post it through their letterbox if it fits.If you have lots of books that you are happy to swap,or even give away,these could be left in a clear plastic container,with a lid,outside your door or by your garden or driveway.（如果你和你的朋友读过这些书之后，你可以把它们还给他们，如果你不想永远交换它们的话。把一本书放在朋友的门阶上，或者如果合适的话通过他们的信箱寄出去。如果你有很多愿意交换或赠送的书，可以把它们放在一个带盖子的透明塑料容器里，放在门外、花园或车道上）"以及HOW，WHAT，WHERE？部分内容，可知，B选项"交换是在自愿的基础上组织和运行的"正确。故选B。
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个书籍交换项目，可以让人们交换自己的书籍，介绍了具体的操作过程。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

25~28.【答案】C、B、A、D

【解析】（1）C.写作目的题。根据文章第一段"Elizabeth wouldn't walk or talk as an infant.Angela's left leg was so enlarged that it hurt to stand.Emma needed a breathing machine just to sleep.Their suffering may take different forms,but their stories share a common thread：Neither they nor their families knew what was actually causing these issues. （伊丽莎白小时候就不会走路或说话。安吉拉的左腿太大了，站起来都疼。艾玛需要呼吸机才能入睡。他们的苦难可能有不同的形式，但他们的故事有一个共同点：他们和他们的家人都不知道这些问题的真正原因。）"和文章第二段"Undiagnosed diseases are more common than you might think. （未确诊的疾病比你想象的更常见）"以及文章第三段"Those cases are precisely where the Undiagnosed Diseases Network （UDN） steps in. （这些病例正是未诊断疾病网络（UDN）介入的地方）"可推知，第一段的写作目的是介绍UDN成立的背景。故选C。
（2）B.段落大意题。根据文章第四段"Today,the UDN covers 12 clinical sites around the country,and has evaluated over 1，400 patients.More than 400 of those patients have received a diagnosis thanks to the UDN.Additionally,the UDN covers the cost of the tests,meaning patients aren't burdened with crushing medical debt. （今天，UDN覆盖了全国12个临床点，评估了1400多名患者。在UDN的帮助下，400多名患者得到了诊断。在其中一些情况下，该网络能够将病人与已知的病情匹配起来。在另一些情况下，UDN的研究人员必须努力描述一种全新的疾病，并将其输入医学词典。该项目已经以这种方式增加了至少25种全新的疾病。此外，UDN还承担检测的费用，这意味着患者不会背负沉重的医疗债务）"可知，第四段主要讲述了UDN迄今为止所取得的进展。故选B。
（3）A.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 "Living with a disease without a name can be its own kind of suffering"You grow up feeling like,I'm in this,crazy,all by myself,and no one really understands me," says Angela Moon,a UDN participant.For patients like her,the UDN offers hope for treatment,but also for finally being seen. （患有一种没有名字的疾病本身就是一种痛苦。UDN参与者安吉拉穆恩（Angela Moon）表示："你在成长中会觉得，我一个人患这种病，很糟糕，没有人真正理解我。"对于像她这样的病人，UDN提供了治疗的希望，但也为最终被看到提供了希望）"可知，Angela Moon过去常常生活在绝望中。故选A。
（4）D.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段"She says the UDN's multidisciplinary approach一bringing different specialists together to talk about challenging cases一has helped advance the field of rare disease research,especially when it comes to genetic diseases. （她说，UDN的多学科方法---让不同的专家聚在一起讨论具有挑战性的病例一帮助推进了罕见病研究领域，特别是涉及到遗传疾病时）"可推知，UDN强调不同领域的专家之间的密切合作。故选D。
文章介绍了未诊断疾病网络（UDN）的成立背景、所取得的进展以及给病人带来的希望。
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。

29~32.【答案】D、F、A、C

【解析】（1）D.推理判断题。根据上文"The spotlight effect is a trick of the mind that makes us believe that people notice us more often than they really do. （聚光灯效应是大脑欺骗我们的一种手段，让我们误以为别人注意到我们的次数比实际情况要多。 "可知，选项承接上文说明聚光灯出现的时节。故D选项"We experience the spotlight effect not only when we make mistakes but also when we perform well.（我们不仅在犯错时，而且在表现出色时，都会体验到聚光灯效应。）"切题，故选D。
（2）F.推理判断题。空格前说"Every person is the main character in his or her story,and the events of our lives seem to have great importance.（每个人都是他或她故事中的主角，我们生活中的事件似乎都很重要。）"，因此人们很关注自己，F选项"We are so busy examining ourselves that we actually observe very little about everyone around us.（我们总是忙于审视自己，实际上却很少观察我们周围的人。）"说明了人们更多地关注自己，而很少注意周围的人，因此F选项承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
（3）A.细节理解题。空格前说"We all care about what others think,and we all want to be liked.（我们都关心别人的想法，我们都想被喜欢。）"，说明我们很在乎自己对他人的影响，A选项"It's normal to wonder about what effect we have on other people.（想知道我们对别人有什么影响是正常的。）"说明了我们在乎自己对他人的影响，关心别人的想法，因此A选项承接上文，符合语境，故选A。
（4）C.推理判断题。空格前说"If someone is so nervous that they can't make good decisions,then it's time to take action and improve the situation.（如果有人太紧张以至于不能做出正确的决定，那么是时候采取行动改善情况了。）"，空格后说"Next time you feel like everyone is staring at you,remind yourself that it's just your mind playing tricks on you.（下次你觉得每个人都在盯着你看的时候，提醒自己这只是你的大脑在捉弄你。）"，C选项"Learning about the spotlight effect is important because it can help us reduce our anxiety.（了解聚光灯效应很重要，因为它可以帮助我们减少焦虑。）"中的"了解聚光灯效应"和空格前的"采取行动"一致，空格后继续说了解聚光灯效应应该具体如何做，因此C选项承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是聚光灯效应。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。

33.【答案】One unintended consequence of Internet use is infobesity,which means absorbing harmful amounts of information.【高分句型一】（互联网使用的一个意外后果是信息性，这意味着吸收有害数量的信息）Infobesity negatively affects different groups of people in different ways,making businessmen hesitant to make decisions and younger people constantly check their phones.【高分句型二】Besides,it likely decreases our attention span.（不良影响）Fortunately,steps can be taken to prevent infobesity like restricting information sources and taking breaks.（采取措施）

【解析】本文讲述了互联网使用的一个意外后果是信息性，以及影响和解决措施。
高分句型一：One unintended consequence of Internet use is infobesity,which means absorbing harmful amounts of information.
翻译：互联网使用的一个意外后果是信息性，这意味着吸收有害数量的信息。
分析：本句使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：Infobesity negatively affects different groups of people in different ways,making businessmen hesitant to make decisions and younger people constantly check their phones.
翻译：信息性以不同的方式对不同人群产生负面影响，使商人在做决定时犹豫不决，年轻人经常检查手机。
分析：本句使用了现在分词making businessmen hesitant to make decisions and younger people constantly check their phones作状语。
写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。

34.【答案】Why not install a device （that is） capable of detecting smoke automatically？

【解析】"为什么不...？"可以用固定句式"Why not +动词原形？"；"一个能自动检测烟雾的装置"含有定语，英语中可以用定语从句或形容词短语作后置定语，所以可以译为" a device （that is） capable of detecting smoke automatically"。
故填：Why not install a device （that is） capable of detecting smoke automatically？
为什么不安装一个能自动检测烟雾的装置呢？
考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

35.【答案】So attractive were the seals carved with Chinese characters that he bought one as a souvenir.

【解析】根据句意，本句描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时；句中前后句表达的是因果关系，根据提示可以用so...that...句型，that引导结果状语从句，so位于句首时，主句需要部分倒装；"刻有汉字的图章"可以译为"the seals carved with Chinese characters "，"吸引人"可以用形容词attractive。
故填：So attractive were the seals carved with Chinese characters that he bought one as a souvenir.
刻有汉字的图章十分吸引人，因而他买了一个当作纪念品。
考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

36.【答案】One mark of a civilized society is that everyone,whether rich or poor,is treated equally/without discrimination/ in a similar manner/fashion.

【解析】本句为主系表结构，"文明社会的标志之一"one mark of a civilized society,在句子中作主语，系动词is后面是that引导的表语从句，从句中主语是"每个人"everyone,"不论贫穷与富贵"whether rich or poor,"对待"treat,everyone与treat之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，"一视同仁"equally,或without discrimination,in a similar manner/fashion。
故填：One mark of a civilized society is that everyone,whether rich or poor,is treated equally/without discrimination/ in a similar manner/fashion.
文明社会的标志之一就是每个人，不论贫穷与富贵，都会受到一视同仁的对待。
考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

37.【答案】It is obvious to all that for years the local government has stuck to the philosophy of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature,attaching as much importance to biodiversity conservation as to economic development./For years the local government has stuck to the philosophy of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature,attaching as much importance to biodiversity conservation as to economic development,which is obvious to all.

【解析】1.It is obvious to all that for years the local government has stuck to the philosophy of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature,attaching as much importance to biodiversity conservation as to economic development.it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的结果或影响，用现在完成时；attach importance to 重视 ...，与local government之间是主谓关系，用现在分词短语作伴随状语；as...as意为"和……一样"，表示同级的比较使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词，其基本结构为：as+ adj./ adv. +as；2.For years the local government has stuck to the philosophy of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature,attaching as much importance to biodiversity conservation as to economic development,which is obvious to all.主句强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的结果或影响，用现在完成时，从句用一般现在时；which is obvious to all是非限制性定语从句，关系代词which的先行词是前面整个句子；attach importance to 重视 ...，与local government之间是主谓关系，用现在分词短语作伴随状语；as...as意为"和……一样"，表示同级的比较，使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词，其基本结构为：as+ adj./ adv. +as。
故填：It is obvious to all that for years the local government has stuck to the philosophy of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature,attaching as much importance to biodiversity conservation as to economic development./For years the local government has stuck to the philosophy of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature,attaching as much importance to biodiversity conservation as to economic development,which is obvious to all.
有目共睹的是，当地政府多年来坚持人与自然和谐相处的理念，对保护生物多样性和发展经济同样重视。
考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

38.【答案】To the Organizing Committee,
I'm happy to hear that our school will hold Science and Technology Festival.As for the three posters you have chosen,I think the first one is the most suitable for us.（推荐第一个）
You know we are students who haven't known much about science and technology.【高分句型一】So we must be inspired to be interested in it.In the first picture,there are three middle school students,and they are doing experiments.（简要描述你推荐的图片）We are of the same age,so what they are doing can give us much encouragement to get close to science and technology.【高分句型二】Besides,on the desk in front of them are many kinds of experimental equipment,which are so attractive to us that we want to have a try immediately.So,in my opinion,the first poster is the best one.（阐述使用此图片宣传"科技节"理由）
Sincerely
Li Hua

【解析】高分句型一
You know we are students who haven't known much about science and technology.
分析：句子里，代指先行词students,关系词who引导定语从句haven't known much about science and technology.
翻译：你知道我们是学生，对科学技术知之甚少。
高分句型二
We are of the same age,so what they are doing can give us much encouragement to get close to science and technology.
分析：句子里，固定短语of the same age表示"同龄"；what引导主语从句they are doing。
翻译：我们同龄，所以他们所做的可以给我们很多鼓励，让我们更接近科学和技术。
写作时，考生要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，尽可能的使用较复杂的句子结构，尽量使用高级词汇以便得到较高的分数。写作是一个厚积薄发的过程，是一项将积累释放于一时的过程。积累越深厚，释放就越精彩；积累越科学，释放就越有效。