2020届上海市杨浦区高三英语一模试卷（含答案）

这是一份2020届上海市杨浦区高三英语一模试卷（含答案），共15页。试卷主要包含了12， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2019.12
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vcabulary
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Killer Rabbits
Yu’d never think f rabbits as dreadful, destructive creatures, wuld yu? Rabbits are cute and lve-able. Hwever, Australians discvered (21) ________ harm these cute creatures can d the hard way.
Rabbits were intrduced t Australia in 1788 as fd animals. By 1827, they were running arund large estates, and in 1859, disaster struck. A man released 12 wild rabbits nt his prperty fr hunting and he (22) ________ have thught that was harmless fun. But Australia has n predatrs（捕食者）(23) ________ (adapt) t killing rabbits and nne f the diseases that kept their ppulatins (24) ________ cntrl in Eurpe. The lse rabbits bred like, well, rabbits, and began t take ver the cuntryside. Within a few decades, there were millins. By 1950, there were 600 millin rabbits in Australia.
Six hundred millin hungry rabbits culd d real harm. They caused mre damage than any ther species intrduced t the cntinent. They ate native plant species (25) ________ they disappeared. They cmpeted fr fd and shelter with native animals. they caused the extinctin r endangerment f numerus plant and animal species. And they were a nightmare fr cattle and sheep farmers, (26)________ animals culdn't get enugh grass t eat and starved.
The rabbits did sme gd, f curse. They prvided fd fr pr families. They supprted fur industries. But their impact n the envirnment and majr livestck ecnmy was t negative (27)________(ignre). Peple tried trapping them. They even built a huge wall against them. But (28)________(effective) weapn was a virus.
(29)________(test) multiple times, the deadly myxma virus was released n Australia's rabbits in 1950. The virus had been develped very carefully t affect nly rabbits. Nearly 100 percent f the rabbits wh caught the disease (30) ________(die).Ppulatins fell. It was a huge success. Cattle and sheep farming recvered gradually, and threatened plants were better prtected. Eventually, rabbits became resistant t the virus.
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Bttle Fund at Sea Used fr Scientific Purpse
Cmbing the beach fr shells, sea glass, r clrful rcks is a leisure activity enjyed by many. Sme even use metal detectrs t find buried treasure r ther bjects. Only the lucky few have ___31___ a message in a bttle that was drpped ff by the tide. The traditin f putting a letter t an unknwn recipient int a bttle and thrwing it int the cean has an interesting past. An early ___32___ use fr the practice was revealed when the ldest recrded message in a bttle was fund by Tnya n a beach near Wedge Island, Australia.
Tnya was n a family uting when she nticed the antique glass bttle in the sand and thught it wuld make a nice___33___. While she was cleaning the sandy gin bttle, a rlled up paper tied with a ___34___ fell ut. The damp page was a message written in German and dated June 12, 1886. Accrding t fficial dcuments frm the German sailing vessels, Paula, a crew member tssed the bttle verbard a(n) ___35___ 950 km ff the cast f Western Australia. Further research authenticated(验证）the letter, which had been sent aflat 132 years ag and is the ldest message in a bttle ever ___36___.
Histrians cnfirm that thusands f similar bttles were cast verbard by German ships between 1864 and 1933. And___37___ inside were fficial dcuments written by the captain f the ship, ___38__ rutes, crdinates, and ther infrmatin. These early messages in a bttle were an attempt by the German Naval Observatry t map cean___39___ arund the wrld.
On the back f the ntes were __40__ t write the time and place the bttles were fund and return them t the German Naval Observatry in Hamburg r the nearest German authrities. Using this infrmatin fr reference was an early system f studying patterns in nature and the vast cean in particular.
III.Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
A star athlete stpped by my ffice and she was eaten up by self-criticism after cmmitting a few errrs during a weekend match. “I’m at peak ___41___ and I practise hard. Hw is this happening?” This student, like many I teach, believes she shuld be able t ___42___ the utcmes f her life by virtue f her hard wrk.
I study and write abut resilience (复原力), and I’m nticing a(n)___43___ increase in students like this athlete. When they win, they feel pwerful and smart. When they fall shrt f what they imagine they shuld ___44___, hwever, they are crushed by self-blame.
We talk ften abut yung adults struggling with failure because their parents have prtected them frm ___45___. But there is smething else at play amng the mst advantaged in particular: a ___46___ prmise that they can achieve anything if they are willing t wrk fr it.
Psychlgists have surced this phenmenn t a misapplicatin f “mind-set” research, which has fund that praising children fr ___47___ will increase academic perfrmance. Develped by Stanfrd psychlgist Carl Dweck, mind-set educatin has spread acrss classrms wrldwide. But a 2018 analysis fund that while praising hard wrk ver ability may benefit ecnmically disadvantaged students, it des nt ___48___ help everyne.
One pssible explanatin cmes frm Nina Kumar, wh argued in a research paper last year that fr teens in wealthy, pressure-cker cmmunities, “It is nt a ___49___ f mtivatin and perseverance that is the big prblem. ___50___, it is unhealthy perfectinism and difficulty with backing ff when they shuld, when the fierce drive fr achievements is ver the tp.” This can ___51___ physical and emtinal stress. In a 2007 study, psychlgists Gregry Miller determined that adlescent girls wh refused t give up the ___52___ gals shwed elevated levels f CRP, a prtein that serves as a marker f systemic inflammatin (炎症) linked t diabetes, heart disease and ther medical cnditins.
The cruel reality is that yu can d everything in yur pwer and still fail. This knwledge cmes early t underrepresented minrities whse experience f discriminatin (歧视) and inequality teaches them t ___53___ what is, fr nw, largely beynd their cntrl t change. Yet fr thers, the belief that success is always within their grasp is a setup. Instead f allwing ur kids t beat themselves up when things dn’t g their way，we shuld all questin a culture that has taught them that hw they perfrm fr thers is mre imprtant than what ___54___ inspires them and that where they g t cllege matters mre than the kind f persn they are. We shuld be wise t remind ur kids that life has a way f disappinting us when we least ___55___ it. It’s ften the peple wh learn t say “stuff happens” wh get up the fastest.
41. A. clness B. fitness C. gdness D. readiness
42. A. cntrl B. change C. adjust D. celebrate
43. A. amusing B. inspiring C. trubling D. tuching
44. A. apply B. apprve C. appreciate D. accmplish
45. A. disbelief B. disagreement C. discvery D. discmfrt
46. A. bright B. false C. general D. flexible
47. A. virtue B. ability C. effrt D. status
48. A. riginally B. bviusly C. necessarily D. regularly
49. A. chice B. cmmand C. display D. lack
50. A. instead B. Otherwise C. Therefre D. Hwever
51. A. result frm B. apply fr C. assciate with D. lead t
52. A. Immral B. impersnal C. impssible D. implite
53. A. challengeB. acceptC. assessD.inquire
54. A. plainlyB. prbablyC. immediatelyD.actually
55. A. exhibitB. expectC. establishD.recgnize
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
David Miles, an Australian inventr has been accused f cheating desperate farmers by charging up t $50,000 Australian dllars fr delivering rain n demand withut s much as explaining the technlgy behind his business.
On the fficial Miles Research website，Miles explains that in the 1990’s he realized that it was pssible t influence weather patterns by creating a bridge between ‘the present’ and a ‘near-future event’ in the physical space-time cntinuum. He fund that by applying small amunts f energy intelligently, even a large, messy weather system appraching frm the future culd be eased.
While smewhat fascinating, Miles’ explanatin des little t explain hw he is able t bring rainfall t the lands f farmers. He makes references t famus but debatable cncepts like “the butterfly effect”. “We were advised against patenting because ifs basically expsing hw it wrks. There are a lt f big cmpanies that invest in hunting ut patents,” Miles said “I understand the dubts，the nly ther way is t fully prve up ur science and physics. If we did that, we'll lse it, it will be taken up as a natinal security interest and it’ll then be weapnized.”
Miles' claims raised suspicins fr bvius reasns, including a since-deleted sectin f his cmpany website, which claimed that his technlgy used “electrmagnetic scalar waves”，which scientists say dn’t even exist.
The Australian Cmpetitin and Cnsumer Cmmissin (ACCC) has warned peple against ding business with him, but the Australian inventr claims the ACCC is nly trying t defame him and his cmpany, as in reality they are success based - if it desn’t rain, they dn’t get paid.
“Cnsumers signed the agreement that if by the end f June they receive 100mm, they pay $50,000, if they nly receive 50mm, they wuld nly pay $25,000. Anything under half，we dn’t want t be paid,” Miles said f a handful f Wimmera farmers wh agreed t take him up n his ffer t deliver rain.
Believe it r nt, ne f the farmers wh paid David Miles fr his s-called rain-making capabilities tld ABC Radi that he was quite happy with the results.
56.David Miles claims t be capable f ________.
A.influencing the weather system
B.predicting the future events
C.reducing the atmspheric temperature
D.easing the gravitatinal energy
57.ACCC issued warning against ding business with Miles because________.
A.he charged t much fr the services prvided
B.there was n slid science t hack up his technlgy
C.his practice was a threat t natinal security interest
D.he didn’t fficially patent his technlgy with ACCC
58.Accrding t Miles，hw much will be paid if the farmers receive 15mm f rain?
A.$50,000. B. $25,000. C. $12,500. D. $0.
59.What can be inferred frm the passage?
A.Miles needed safer facilities fr his business.
B.Miles brught abut gd crps as expected.
C.Miles wasn’t discuraged by the critics.
D.Miles was arrested by the lcal plice.
(B)
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(C)
Hw and why, rughly 2 millin years ag, early human ancestrs evlved large brains and began fashining relatively advanced stne tls, is ne f the great mysteries f evlutin. Sme researchers argue these changes were brught abut by the inventin f cking. They pint ut that ur bite weakened arund the same time as ur larger brains evlved, and that it takes less energy t absrb nutrients frm cked fd. As a result, nce they had mastered the art, early chefs culd invest less in their digestive systems and thus invest the resulting energy savings in building larger brains capable f cmplex thught. There is, hwever, a prblem with the cking thery. Mst archaelgists (考古学家）believe the evidence f cntrlled fire stretches back n mre than 790,000 years.
Rger Summns f the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy has a slutin. Tgether with his team, he analyzed 1.7 millin-year-ld sand-stnes that frmed in an ancient river at Olduvai Grge in Tanzania. The regin is famus fr the large number f human fssils (化石) that have been discvered there, alngside an impressive assembly f stne tls. The sand-stnes themselves have previusly yielded sme f the wrld’s earliest cmplex hand axes — large tear-drp-shaped stne tls that are assciated with Hm erectus (直立人) . Creating an axe by repeatedly kncking thin pieces ff a raw stne in rder t create tw sharp cutting edges requires a significant amunt f planning. Their appearance is therefre thught t mark an imprtant mment in intellectual evlutin. Trapped inside the Olduvai sand-stnes, the researchers fund distinctive but unusual bilgical mlecules（分子）that are ften interpreted as bimarkers fr heat-tlerant bacteria. Sme f these live in water between 85°C and 95°C. The mlecules’ presence suggests that an ancient river within the Grge was nce fed by ne r mre ht springs.
Dr. Summns and his clleagues say the ht springs wuld have prvided a cnvenient “pre-fire” means f cking fd. In New Zealand，the Mari have traditinally cked fd in ht springs, either by lwering it int the biling water r by digging a hle in the ht earth. Similar methds exist in Japan and Iceland, s it is plausible, if difficult t prve, that early humans might have used ht springs t ck meat and rts. Richard Wrangham, wh devised the cking thery, is fascinated by the idea. Nnetheless, fire wuld have ffered a distinct advantage t humans, nce they had mastered the art f cntrlling it since, unlike a ht spring, it is a transprtable resurce.
63.All f the fllwing statements can supprt the cking thery EXCEPT__________.
A.cking enabled early humans t invest less in digestive system
B.cking enabled early humans t devte mre energy t building big brains
C.ur brain became larger arund the same time ur digestive system weakened
D.the cntrlled fire wasn’t mastered until abut 790,000 years ag
64.The presence f bilgical mlecules was imprtant because_________.
A.they suggested a pssible means f cking withut fire
B.they cast light n hw early Hm erectus lived
C.they prvided a cnvenient way f studying stne tls
D.they made studies f pre-histric cultures pssible
65.The underlined wrd “plausible” prbably means _________.
A. nticeableB. applicableC. reasnableD. affrdable
66.What may be the cnclusin f the study by Dr. Summns and his clleague?
A.Early humans were capable f making cmplex stne tls.
B.Ht springs help explain hw human brains gt s big.
C.Hm erectus were adaptable t tugh and cmplex territries.
D.Human brains are highly advanced as shwn by their size.
Sectin C
Directins: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Slwer Walkers Have Slwer Minds, Scientists Reveal
Of all human activities, few are s readily credited with enhancing the pwer f the mind as ging fr a gd walk. Hwever, thse wh assume that strlling alng at a gentle pace is the symbl f superir intellect shuld think again, scientists have said. ______67_______
Dctrs have lng used walking speed t gain a quick and reliable understanding f lder pepled mental capability, as it is increasingly recgnized that pace is assciated with nt nly muscular strength but als the central nervus system. ______68______ The relatinship was s bvius, hwever, that the US scientists nw say walking tests culd be used t prvide an early indicatin f dementia（痴呆）.
Published in the Jurnal f the American Medical Assciatin, the study revealed an average difference f 16 IQ pints between the slwest and the fastest walkers at the age f 45, This reflected bth the participants’ natural walking speed and the pace they achieved when asked l walk as fast as they culd._____69______ Actually, slwer walkers were shwn t have “speeded aging'' n a 19-measure scale devised by researchers, and their lungs, teeth and immune systems tended t be in wrse shape than the peple wh walked faster.
The 904 New Zealand men and wmen wh were tested at 45 were tracked frm the age f three, each underging multiple tests ver the years. The lng-term data cllectin enabled researchers t establish that kids with lwer IQ scres, lwer linguistic ability and weaker emtinal cntrl tended t have slwer walking speeds by middle age. _____70______
The research team said genetic factrs may explain the link between walking speed, brain capacity and physical health r that better brain health might prmte physical activity, leading t better walking speed. Sme f the differences in health and intellect may be the result f lifestyle chices individuals have made.
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
The Psychlgy f Spending
Dr. Thmas Gilvich, psychlgy prfessr at Crnell University, has studied the psychlgy f spending fr ver 20 years. Accrding t Dr. Gilvich，“We buy things t make us happy, and we succeed, but nly fr a while. New things are exciting t us at first, but then we adapt t them.” In ther wrds，nce the freshness f ur newest purchase wears ff, we begin lking fr smething else t buy t make us happy.
Dr. Gilvich fund that ur satisfactin with pssessins fades ver time. Yet ur happiness ver things we've experienced increases. Fr that reasn, he has cncluded that we are spending ur mney n the wrng things. A study ut f San Francisc State University agrees. The research shwed that thse peple wh spent mney n experiences instead f pssessins were happier. They als thught their mney was better invested.
T begin with, activities like a trip, adventure, hbby, etc. tend t bring the participants tgether and unite them ver a shared interest. Accrding t Gilvich, “We cnsume experiences directly with ther peple.” As a result, these experiences typically create a psitive link and gd feelings tward the ther persn r peple.
Besides, yur experience shws thers wh yu are and what yu are. Fr example, yu might be smene wh lves taking cking classes. Mre than likely, yu'll becme knwn by friends and family as a great ck. They wn't knw yu as smene wh wns the latest kitchen equipment.
Lastly, planned experiences arc frequently smething we lk frward t. Then when the mment arrives, if we enjy the time invlved in the activity, we're left with fnd memries. These memries will ften last a lifetime. Even ur wrst trips, n many ccasins, arc later remembered with laughter.
V.Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
72.你估计这位著名艺术家的原版画作要多少钱？（estimate)
73.本想让自己放松一下的假期结果却成了一场灾难。（intend)
74.这个手无寸铁的年轻人冒着生命危险阻止了歹徒逃离现场，他足多么勇敢啊! (risk n.)
75.在当今社会，诱惑和干扰无处不在，自律即使不是最重要的，也是重要的品 质之一，因为它有效地促进了一个人的进步和发展。（where)
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120 -150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际（自身或他人的例子），谈谈你对于“舒适圈 ”的看法。
参考答案
21. What 22. must 23. adapted 24. under 25. until 26. whse
27. t be ignred 28. the mst effective 29. Having been tested 30. died
31. H 32. E 33. K 34. A 35. I 36. G 37. B 38. D 39. F 40. J
41 - 55 BACDD BCCDA DCBDB
56 - 59 ABDC
60 - 62 BCD
63 - 66 DACB
67 - 70 CEAD
71. After studying the link between spending and happiness fr years, Dr. Gilvich has fund that experiences rather than pssessins paid fr will mre likely bring lng - lasting happiness. Firstly, activities can unite individuals, thus creating a feeling f clseness. Secndly, what we d rather than what we wn shws ur identity. Lastly, experiences whether gd r bad, prvide lasting fnd memries.
72. Hw much d yu estimate the famus artist’s riginal painting csts?
73. The hliday intended t relax myself turned ut t be a disaster.
74. Hw brave the unarmed yung man was t stp (prevent) the criminal frm running away frm the scene at the risk f his wn life!
75. In tday’s sciety where temptatins and distractins are everywhere, self-discipline is ne f the mst imprtant qualities, if nt the mst imprtant, fr / as it cntributes effectively t / prmtes / enhances a man’s prgress and develpment.
A. string B. cntained C. representing D. detailing E. scientific F. currents
G. recvered H. encuntered I. estimated J. instructins K. decratin
A.Thse with a slwer pace als scred less well in physical exercises such as hand-grip strength and bilgical markers f gd health.
B.There are already signs in early life f wh wuld becme the slwest walkers.
C.In fact, based n a new series f experiments, they nw believe the slwer a persn’s tendency t walk，the less able their brain.
D.Brain scanning during their final assessment at 45 shwed the slwer walkers tended t have lwer ttal brain vlume and less brain surface area.
E.Until nw, hwever, n ne knew it culd signify underlying brain health s much
earlier in life.
F.Researchers perfrmed walking speed analysis n hundreds f middle-aged
peple, cmparing their psychlgical results.