2021-2022学年上海市黄浦区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）

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2021-2022学年上海市黄浦区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）
Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation， a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．A.Husband and wife.
B.Boss and assistant.
C.Nurse and patient.
D.Manager and customer.
2．A.At a post office
B.At a flower shop.
C.At a department store.
D.At a bus station.
3．A.He is unemployed at present.
B.He owns a company now.
C.He still works in the agency.
D.He is unable to support his family.
4．A.At10：00.
B.At10：20.
C.At11：00.
D.At11：20.
5．A.Satisfied.
B.Relieved.
C.Surprised.
D.Excited.
6．A.The woman didn't post any postcard from Egypt.
B.The man has never collected any postcards.
C.The woman will go to Egypt for her holiday.
D.The man begins to take up collecting postcards.
7．A.She can't afford that much for a trip.
B.She is fortunate to have made a lot of money.
C.She doesn't think 5，000 dollars is enough for the trip.
D.She considers 5，000 dollars only a small sum of money.
8．A.He wants to buy the new car.
B.He thinks his signature is necessary.
C.He has already signed a contract.
D.He doesn't always say what he means.
9．A.The man had poor imagination because of the car accident.
B.The man must have advised the woman to wear the seat belt.
C The woman was likely to have got seriously injured in the car accident.
D.The woman wasn't wearing the seat belt when the accident happened.
10．A.Violence sports are the source of social instability.
B.Violence sports are to blame for crime and school bullying.
C.Violence sports serve as an escape for negative emotions.
D.Violence sports won't attract many people's interest in the long run.
Section BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation.After each passage or conversation，you will be asked several questions.The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
11．（1）A.To explain a new requirement for graduation.
B.To interest students in a community service project.
C.To discuss the problems of elementary school students.
D.To involve elementary school teachers in a special program.
（2）A.Providing jobs for graduating students.
B.Helping education majors prepare for final exams.
C.Offering tutorials to elementary school students.
D.Funding for a community service project.
（3）A.He teaches part﹣time in a local elementary school.
B.He observes elementary school students in the classroom.
C.He helps students who need consult prepare their resume.
D.He gives support to students who participate in a special program.
12．（1）A.They want to eat in a fashionable way like young people.
B.They prefer to eat food that is tastier and more widely accepted.
C.They become aware of the harm processed foods do to health.
D.They try to change their way of processing foods little by little.
（2）A.They contain not too many chemical additives.
B.They are cultivated in the soil rich in organic matters.
C.They produce as many calories as processed foods.
D.They are usually grown in commercial farming areas.
（3）A.They are allowed to move about and eat freely.
B.They are tasty though kept in the crowded building.
C.They can hardly grow in a healthy way without good food.
D.They produce eggs which usually contain important vitamins.
13．（1）A.It was on a cross street.
B.They had no time to see it.
C.It had no parking space.
D.They weren't in favor of it.
（2）A.It is too small in size.
B.It blocks the air﹣conditioner.
C.It admits heat from the late afternoon sun.
D.It stops the sun beating down on the curtains.
（3）A.Parking and desk space.
B.Parking and air﹣conditioning.
C.Privacy and cleanliness.
D.A cheerful kitchen and a separate dining area.
（4）A.The one on 68th Street.
B.The one on 72nd Street.
C.The one on 88th Street.
D.The one on 80th Street.
Grammar and VocabularyDirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.
14．
Do Animals Dream？
You can't see your sleeping pets brain waves，but its behavior can tell you when your cat might be dreaming.If you watch closely，you'll see that as she falls asleep，her breathing becomes slow and regular with her body still.She has entered the first stage of sleep，（1）　 　 （call） slow﹣wave sleep.After about 15 minutes you'll notice a change （2）　 　 her eyes move under her closed lids.Her eyes move under her closed lids，her paws twitch （抽动） and she flicks an ear.She has entered dreaming.Although she twitches and makes little grunting noises，messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs（3）　 　 （block） ，so she can't run about.
Back in 1963，Michel Jouvet，a French scientist who was studying sleep in cats， （4）　 　 （interrupt） their sleep paralysis，the state of being unable to act or function properly. （5）　 　 they were completely asleep，the dreaming cats began to run for balls that Jouvet couldn't see and bent their backs at unseen enemies.He figures he was watching them act out their dreams!
What were they dreaming about？Mostly，the dreaming cats seemed （6）　 　 （practise） important cat skills：following，pouncing，and fighting.
In （7）　 　 study，Matt Wilson recorded rats' brain waves while they learned mazes （迷宫）．One day，he left the brainwave recording machine on while the rats fell asleep.The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could figure out exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about!
Many researchers now think that in both people and animals，one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning.This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping，skills （8）　 　 were probably important to our ancestors，and why dreaming affects our ability to learn.
Do all animals dream？From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals，scientists think that all mammals dream，such as humans，dogs，lions，and whales，but fish（9）　 　 not. （They're not sure about birds.）
How often animals dream seems to be tied to body size.Cats dream about every 15 minutes，mice every 9 minutes，and elephants every 2 hours.And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up，they only dream when （10）　 　 （lie） down.
15．
A.cultivate B.reassuring C.opposing D.objective E.confidence F.evidence
G.perceived H.functioning I.estimate J.existing K.scientism
Why doubt is essential to science
The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is，but on what people would like it to be.When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science，many of them replied that it is a（n） （1）　 　 way of discovering certainties about the world.But science cannot provide certainties.For example，a majority of Americans trust science as long as it does not challenge their （2）　 　 beliefs.To the question "When science disagrees with the teachings of your religion，which one do you believe？，" 58 percent of North Americans favor religion；33 percent science；and 6 percent say "it depends."
But doubt in science is a feature，not a bug.Indeed，the paradox is that science，when properly （3）　 　 ，questions accepted facts and yields both new knowledge and new questions—not certainty.Doubt does not （4）　 　 trust，nor does it help public understanding.So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions？
As a historian of science，I would argue that it's the responsibility of scientists and historians
of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often （5）　 　 as its weakness：its drive to question and challenge a hypothesis.Indeed，the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new （6）　 　 emerges from either experimentation or observation.Scientific findings are hypotheses that encompass the state of knowledge at a given moment.In the long run，many of are challenged and even overturned.Doubt might be troubling，but it impels us towards a better understanding；certainties，as （7）　 　 as they may seem，in fact undermine the scientific process.
Scientists understand this，but in the （8）　 　 force between the public and science，there are two significant pitfalls.The first is a form of blind （9）　 　 ﹣ that is，a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems.And the other is a form of relativism borne out of a lack of（10）　 　 in the very existence of truth.
Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
16．This era of "Industry 4.0" is being driven by the same technological advances that enable the capabilities of the smartphones in our pockets.It is a mix of low﹣cost and high﹣power computers，high﹣speed communication and artificial intelligence.This will produce smarter robots with better sensing and communication abilities that can（1）　 　 different tasks，and even adjust their work to meet demand without the input of humans.
In the manufacturing industry，where robots have arguably made the most headway of any division，this will mean a（n） （2）　 　 shift from centralized to decentralized cooperative production. （3）　 　 robots focused on single，fixed，high﹣speed operations and required a highly skilled human workforce to operate and maintain them.Industry 4.0 machines are flexible，cooperative and can operate more independently，which （4）　 　 removes the need for a highly skilled workforce.
For large﹣scale manufacturers，Industry 4.0 means their robots will be able to sense their environment and communicate in an industrial network that can be run and （5）　 　 remotely.Each machine will produce large amounts of data that can be （6）　 　 studied using what is known as "big data"analysis.This will help （7）　 　 ways to improve operating performance and production quality across the whole plant，for example by better predicting when repairing is needed and automatically （8）　 　 it.
For （9）　 　 manufacturing businesses，Industry 4.0 will make it cheaper and easier to use robots.It will create machines that can be rearranged to perform（10）　 　 jobs and adjusted to work on a more diverse product range and different production volumes.This part is already beginning to benefit from robots designed to cooperate with human workers and analyse their own work to look for （11）　 　.While these machines are getting smarter，they are still not as smart as us.Today's industrial artificial intelligence operates at a （12）　 　 level，which gives the appearance of human intelligence exhibited by machines，but designed by humans.
What's coming next is known as"deep learning'".Similar to big data analysis，it involves processing large quantities of data in real time to （13）　 　 what is the best action to take.The （14）　 　 is that the machine learns from the data so it can improve its decision making.A perfect example of deep learning was （15）　 　 by Google's AlphaGo software，which taught itself to beat the world's greatest Go players.
（1）A.compare with
B.adapt to
C.pick out
D.hold on
（2）A.extensive
B.accidental
C.convenient
D.dramatic
（3）A.Traditional
B.Removable
C.Fashionable
D.Potential
（4）A.temporarily
B.thoroughly
C.eventually
D.initially
（5）A.arranged
B.evaluated
C.monitored
D.composed
（6）A.gradually
B.collectively
C.similarly
D.approximately
（7）A.identify
B.reserve
C.exploit
D.indicate
（8）A.dominating
B.imposing
C eliminating
D.scheduling
（9）A.high﹣speed
B.mass﹣produced
C.small﹣to﹣medium
D.multi﹣cultural
（10）A.multiple
B.feasible
C.profitable
D.independent
（11）A.promotions
B.improvements
C.highlights
D.resolutions
（12）A.separate
B.peculiar
C.narrow
D.mysterious
（13）A.come up with
B.account for
C.give way to
D.make decisions about
（14）A.difference
B.commission
C.phenomenon
D.expectation
（15）A.introduced
B.described
C.prepared
D.demonstrated
Section BDirections：Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
17．For thousands of years，the most important two buildings in any British village have been the church and the pub.In fact，until a place has a church and a pub，it is not really considered a community worthy of a name.Traditionally，the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town，since it is where the people gather to socialize and exchange news.They are institutions at the heart of British society.After all，the word 'pub' is actually short for 'public house'.
As a result，British pubs are often old and well preserved.Many of them have become historic sites that tourists visit.One of the most famous examples is the pub in the city of called 'Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem，which dates back to the year AD 1189 and is probably the oldest pub in England.It was the same year in which King Richard the First came into power，who led the First Crusade into the Holy Land，towards Jerusalem.
Many British pubs have old names referring to governors，such as The King's Head or The Queen Victoria，but of course this doesn't mean they are only for kings and queens.Pubs have always welcomed people from all classes and parts of society.On a cold night，the pub's landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by the fire.There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price.
That's how it used to be，but there are worrying signs that things are beginning to change.Economic downturns，governmental financial measures，and cultural changes are causing many pubs to go out of business.People do not have a lot of spare money to spend on beer.On top of that，in 2007 smoking was banned in all public indoor spaces，including pubs，which may also have affected the numbers of customers going to pubs since then.
This decline is happening despite the fact that pubs are now allowed by law to stay open after 11pm.Previously，with 11pm as closing time，customers would have to drink quite quickly，meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly.This British habit of drinking is known as 'bingedrinking'，and it causes long﹣term health problems for individuals and problems with violent crime for communities.The UK government is trying to find ways of discouraging binge drinking，and regularly spends money on television commercials to warn people of the problems of drinking too much.
（1）Which of the following can be inferred from the passage？ 　 　
A.British pubs are preserved well mainly to attract tourists from all of the world.
B.British pubs are quite popular and accessible to people from all walks of life.
C.Most British pubs are going out of business because of economic and cultural bans.
D.Most British pubs have to shut down to adjust themselves to meet the smoking ban.
（2）Why did the UK government allow pubs to stay open after 11pm？ 　 　
A.To stimulate customers to spend more on drinks.
B.To help British pubs survive economic downturns.
C.To encourage more sensible ways of drinking in pubs.
D.To get rid of violent crime in most part of Britain.
（3）The term"binge drinking'"in paragraph 5 would be most likely to describe 　 　
A.drinking too much and too quickly
B.social problems related to British pubs
C.a new long﹣term drinking approach
D.problems caused by drinking too much
（4）What will most probably be covered in the paragraph that follows the last in the passage？ 　 　
A.Different methods to welcome new customers to pubs.
B.Various advertisements encouraging people to quit drinking.
C.The campaigns and strategies to support the traditional pubs.
D Trends of migrating back from the modern wine bars to old ones.
18．
The Coming Series
Express Yourself!﹣The Art of Cartooning
Time：Thursday，January 6，18：30
Welcome to the first event in our new series，Express Yourself!We will explore many forms of personal self﹣expression and discuss how and why people create things and have hobbies.Join William Denham，an American diplomat stationed in Shanghai.Outside of the office，Will's main artistic hobby is drawing cartoons.His cartoons have been displayed in two shows in Shanghai.He will discuss his hobby，what it means to him，and help take participants on their own cartooning journey.This entertaining and interactive event is open to all﹣﹣ including those with no drawing or cartooning experience.Be sure to bring your favorite pen or pencil，a notepad or sketchpad，and a creative attitude.
Breaking Barriers：
The NHL's Trailblazer
Willie O'Ree
Time：Wednesday，January 12，18：30
Join us to watch and discuss the award﹣winning documentary，Willie，inspired by the story of Willie O'Ree who，in 1958，became the first black player in the National Hockey League （NHL）.Willie tells the story of an extraordinary life and triumph over adversity.It also examines larger issues such as race，equality，inclusion，community，and so on.Through goal setting，hard work，and perseverance，Willie overcame many barriers and paved the path for talented hockey players，regardless of race，to play at the highest level.Please register to learn about this groundbreaking sports figure.
American Short Fiction：
Writing Our Stories x The Yellow Wallpaper
Time：Tuesday，February 15，18：30
Quick to read and easily shared，the short story is said to be the literature of our times.We invite you on a journey to get to know some of the best short stories in American literature.
The Yellow Wallpaper，by American author Charlotte Perkins （Stetson） Gilman，was first published in 1892 but persists in American culture as a literary touchstone.While it is a horror story on its surface，a careful reading reveals deeper themes of gender equality and the importance of self﹣expression.And in this time of global situation，it reemerges as a study on the effects of isolation.Join American diplomat Peter Fasnacht to discuss these themes and their connections to American society.Please read the story ahead of the talk.You can find the story here.
Online registration is capped at 40 for each event.RSVP http：//shpas012121.wanshe.cn
*The discussion will be conducted in English.
（1）Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the first event？ 　 　
A.William Denham will share his artistic hobby with the participants.
B.The participants will explore various forms of personal self﹣expression.
C.Drawing or cartooning experience isn't a must for the participants.
D.The participants will be provided with essential drawing tools.
（2）What can we infer from the coming series？ 　 　
A.The story of Willie O'Ree is neither inspiring nor entertaining.
B.The Yellow Wallpaper tells a horrible story revealing global emergency.
C.Those who haven't registered online are also welcome to the events.
D.Applicants had better have a good command of English.
（3）Which of the following is the most possible theme of the series introduced in the passage？ 　 　
A.Arts and literature
B.Books and films
C.Entertainment and interaction
D.Heroes and achievements
19．Ellen Weiss can hardly see.David Schmitt can barely hear.Are they typical victims of aging's cruelest blows？Not really.Weiss is actually a fresh resident doctor in family practice，age 30，and Schmitt a medical student，26.They have been assigned roles，ages and particular illnesses as an innovative part of their medical training.
Introduced in only a few medical centers so far，such role playing is designed to expose doctors to the pains endured by the patients.It is just one of several techniques being tried at medical schools and hospitals in an attempt to deal with the most universal complaint about doctors：lack of sympathy."Residents are usually young and healthy."says Dr.Stephen Brunton."They've not really had a chance to understand what patients go through."
Role﹣playing programs give them a crash course.At Hunterdon，students' faces are instantly aged with cornflour and make up.Next the disabilities are laid on：gloves cripple fingers，and peas inside shoes prevent walking.Then the ersatz invalids are asked to perform common tasks：purchasing medication at the drugstore，undressing for X rays，filling out a Medicare form and，most awkward，using the bathroom themselves.At Long Beach，new residents assume made﹣up illnesses and check into the hospital for an overnight stay.The staff treats them as they would any other patient，even sending them a bill.The entire entering class of medical students at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences are issued bedpans and told to use them.Some are even subjected to an indignity：spending most part of the first day of school as people with disabilities.
Instant patients usually start out activated and joking."But by the end of a few hours，most say， "I'm exhausted."observes nurse Linda Bryant at Hunterdon Schmitt discovered that "a major accomplishment was doing up my collar."And，to his surprise，"I wound up hating physicians who didn't realize how much medication would cost and how hard it was to go and pick it up."Weiss also learnt："I realized how little I talk to patients.I might ask them about chest pains but not 'Can you get dressed，eat O.K，take your medicine？""Jeffroy Ortiz thought he was in for a quiet rest when he was sent to the intensive care unit，suffering from"chest pains."Instead he spent a sleepless night："People were coming in to do labs，the man in the next bed was groaning，and the heart monitor was bleeping，which was noisy and scary."
Any patient could have told him so，but many educators believe the direct experience of such miseries will leave an enduring sense of sympathy.Doctors have long defended taking a cool，dispassionate approach to patient care，arguing that it helps preserve objective judgment and protect against burnout.But critics disagree."By concentrating on symptoms and lab data，we ignore a wealth of information that can affect patients' well﹣being，"observes Dr.Simon Auster at the Uniformed Services medical school.
（1）According to the passage，the role﹣playing programme is designed 　 　 .
A.as an innovative part in the local community
B.as part of the play the residents have to watch
C.to help doctors understand the pains endured by the patients
D.to expose students to school facilities in a vivid way
（2）What does the phrase "the ersatz invalids"in paragraph 3 refer to？ 　 　
A.Local patients who usually start out activated and joking.
B.Students who make up their faces to look aged.
C.Doctors who perform common tasks that may not occur in real hospitals.
D.Customers who purchase medications and undress for X rays with the help of students.
（3）The instant patients may feel most embarrassed when they 　 　
A.fill in a Medicare table
B.are using the washroom on their own
C.are issued bedpans and told to try them
D.meet with someone they know well
（4）What can be concluded according to the passage？ 　 　
A.Residents should always take a cool approach without sympathy to patient care in their job.
B.Doctors ought to be completely independent from the symptoms and the previous lab data.
C.Doctors may ignore information influencing the patients' health only by focusing on symptoms.
D.Experience in role﹣playing programs won't help the new doctors preserve objective judgment.
Section CDirections：Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
20．
A.Social integration is no doubt a continuous changing process.
B.Formal education is one common platform that brings together diversified groups.
C.Integration also takes place in various arts programmes which are supported by local community.
D.Concerted efforts are made to ensure there are equal opportunities for migrants regardless of their backgrounds.
E.Societies are better off if they promote social integration through common practices that reduce tension，discrimination and poverty.
F Social integration should be guided in reasonable steps and stimulated by local governments.Social Integration﹣Welcoming the Newcomers
Social integration is the process through which minority groups interact，come together or are incorporated within a community.Increased social integration helps reduce conflict and tension in society，and it can help the new migrants feel more connected to their new community.How do different groups remain relatively cohesive in society？
A few countries around the world have adopted integrated frameworks for their economic，social，political and cultural policies with regard to accepting these migrants into the local society.（1）　 　 This is to allow them to achieve their full potential in life.There are still ongoing efforts to integrate different cultures and races，and the governments have encouraged their immigrants to take an active part in social，cultural，economic and political activities.
Integration takes place in neighborhoods，work places，schools and public places where people from diverse backgrounds spend most of their time. （2）　 　Especially among the younger children，being in the same class as their foreign counterparts will teach the local children the meaning of tolerance and empathy.Participation in sports，community engagement and volunteer work are also other possible ways that eliminate discrimination and other forms of intolerance.From participating in arts programmes to being parent volunteers in schools，these platforms provide opportunities for people to interact and work towards a common cause.Sports programmes have also been used to encourage social integration.In fact，sport can strengthen social networks and promote non﹣violence and respect.In these ways，meaningful relationships among those of different ages，racial groups or faiths are built on the basis of common interests.
（3）　 　 Still，countries have also acknowledged that human movement across borders cannot be stopped Instead，it should be better managed so that migration is safe，legal and beneficial for everyone.（4）　 　 Indeed，the government and local communities play a key role in integrating these newcomers and empowering them to contribute to their new communities，while maintaining their identities.
Summary WritingDirections：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
21．Seniority in Promotion Is Not a Wise Business Practice
It's not always an easy decision for companies when it comes to filling managerial spots.In the past promoting an employee has been popularly handled by means of basic analysis of the employees' past performance and seniority.In some cases，the individual's performance has been considered more important while in others the amount of time they have been with the company has been the deciding factor.Nevertheless，seniority is a standard that has never been left out.However，in the contemporary business world，the importance of seniority in promotion is being destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying to fill top managerial spots.
Unlike experienced employees who have been with the company for a long time，new people are more likely to generate creative ideas.In rapidly changing markets，innovative and creative talents are sought by many companies in order to adapt to the market.To meet their needs，companies have more to gain by selecting outside employees since they are more willing to try new techniques and less afraid of breaking tradition when introducing new ideas.Thus，rather than promoting existing employees，it might be a wiser management decision to bring in outside talent.
An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need to wait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion.Simply put，no matter how long they have been with the company，employees have to contribute diligently to the organization if they want to move up the career ladder.As soon as people realize that the company could just as easily bring in a new person，employees will stop judging themselves against each other because they are no longer competing against their colleagues but everyone in the entire industry.As a result，they will begin to show more effort to bring the level of their work up to what they imagine is a much higher standard.
TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.
22．必须采取有效措施以防止病毒扩散。（prevent） 　 　
23．事实证明，能坚持理想的人往往更容易取得成功。（There） 　 　
24．教师们不遗余力推进素质教育，旨在培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。（effort） 　 　
25．随着时代的进步，许多往日被视为奢侈品的电子产品，已成为大众消费得起的日用品。（that） 　 　
Guided WritingDirections：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
26．假设你是启明中学高三学生李华，你的朋友发邮件告诉你他正在和同学一起筹划明年暑假的毕业旅行，已设计了两个初步方案（具体如下），但选择哪个方案更合适尚未定夺，他想听取你的建议。请给Bill回复一封邮件，在邮件中你必须：
1）推荐其中一个方案：
2）通过比较两个方案的信息，说明你推荐该方案的理由。
相关信息
方案一
方案二
时间
2022年6月下旬
2022年7月中旬
时长
1日游
5日游
地点
上海某个郊区
上海周边某省
经费
500元
3000元

2021-2022学年上海市黄浦区高三（上）期末英语试卷（一模）
参考答案与试题解析
Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation， a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．A.Husband and wife.
B.Boss and assistant.
C.Nurse and patient.
D.Manager and customer.
【分析】略
【解答】D
【点评】略
2．A.At a post office
B.At a flower shop.
C.At a department store.
D.At a bus station.
【分析】略
【解答】C
【点评】略
3．A.He is unemployed at present.
B.He owns a company now.
C.He still works in the agency.
D.He is unable to support his family.
【分析】略
【解答】B
【点评】略
4．A.At10：00.
B.At10：20.
C.At11：00.
D.At11：20.
【分析】略
【解答】B
【点评】略
5．A.Satisfied.
B.Relieved.
C.Surprised.
D.Excited.
【分析】略
【解答】C
【点评】略
6．A.The woman didn't post any postcard from Egypt.
B.The man has never collected any postcards.
C.The woman will go to Egypt for her holiday.
D.The man begins to take up collecting postcards.
【分析】略
【解答】C
【点评】略
7．A.She can't afford that much for a trip.
B.She is fortunate to have made a lot of money.
C.She doesn't think 5，000 dollars is enough for the trip.
D.She considers 5，000 dollars only a small sum of money.
【分析】略
【解答】A
【点评】略
8．A.He wants to buy the new car.
B.He thinks his signature is necessary.
C.He has already signed a contract.
D.He doesn't always say what he means.
【分析】略
【解答】D
【点评】略
9．A.The man had poor imagination because of the car accident.
B.The man must have advised the woman to wear the seat belt.
C The woman was likely to have got seriously injured in the car accident.
D.The woman wasn't wearing the seat belt when the accident happened.
【分析】略
【解答】B
【点评】略
10．A.Violence sports are the source of social instability.
B.Violence sports are to blame for crime and school bullying.
C.Violence sports serve as an escape for negative emotions.
D.Violence sports won't attract many people's interest in the long run.
【分析】略
【解答】C
【点评】略
Section BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation.After each passage or conversation，you will be asked several questions.The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
11．（1）A.To explain a new requirement for graduation.
B.To interest students in a community service project.
C.To discuss the problems of elementary school students.
D.To involve elementary school teachers in a special program.
（2）A.Providing jobs for graduating students.
B.Helping education majors prepare for final exams.
C.Offering tutorials to elementary school students.
D.Funding for a community service project.
（3）A.He teaches part﹣time in a local elementary school.
B.He observes elementary school students in the classroom.
C.He helps students who need consult prepare their resume.
D.He gives support to students who participate in a special program.
【分析】略
【解答】BCD
【点评】略
12．（1）A.They want to eat in a fashionable way like young people.
B.They prefer to eat food that is tastier and more widely accepted.
C.They become aware of the harm processed foods do to health.
D.They try to change their way of processing foods little by little.
（2）A.They contain not too many chemical additives.
B.They are cultivated in the soil rich in organic matters.
C.They produce as many calories as processed foods.
D.They are usually grown in commercial farming areas.
（3）A.They are allowed to move about and eat freely.
B.They are tasty though kept in the crowded building.
C.They can hardly grow in a healthy way without good food.
D.They produce eggs which usually contain important vitamins.
【分析】略
【解答】CBC
【点评】略
13．（1）A.It was on a cross street.
B.They had no time to see it.
C.It had no parking space.
D.They weren't in favor of it.
（2）A.It is too small in size.
B.It blocks the air﹣conditioner.
C.It admits heat from the late afternoon sun.
D.It stops the sun beating down on the curtains.
（3）A.Parking and desk space.
B.Parking and air﹣conditioning.
C.Privacy and cleanliness.
D.A cheerful kitchen and a separate dining area.
（4）A.The one on 68th Street.
B.The one on 72nd Street.
C.The one on 88th Street.
D.The one on 80th Street.
【分析】略
【解答】DCAB
【点评】略
Grammar and VocabularyDirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.
14．
Do Animals Dream？
You can't see your sleeping pets brain waves，but its behavior can tell you when your cat might be dreaming.If you watch closely，you'll see that as she falls asleep，her breathing becomes slow and regular with her body still.She has entered the first stage of sleep，（1）　called　 （call） slow﹣wave sleep.After about 15 minutes you'll notice a change （2）　that　 her eyes move under her closed lids.Her eyes move under her closed lids，her paws twitch （抽动） and she flicks an ear.She has entered dreaming.Although she twitches and makes little grunting noises，messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs（3）　are blocked　 （block） ，so she can't run about.
Back in 1963，Michel Jouvet，a French scientist who was studying sleep in cats， （4）　interrupted　 （interrupt） their sleep paralysis，the state of being unable to act or function properly. （5）　Even if　 they were completely asleep，the dreaming cats began to run for balls that Jouvet couldn't see and bent their backs at unseen enemies.He figures he was watching them act out their dreams!
What were they dreaming about？Mostly，the dreaming cats seemed （6）　to be practising　 （practise） important cat skills：following，pouncing，and fighting.
In （7）　another　 study，Matt Wilson recorded rats' brain waves while they learned mazes （迷宫）．One day，he left the brainwave recording machine on while the rats fell asleep.The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could figure out exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about!
Many researchers now think that in both people and animals，one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning.This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping，skills （8）　that/which　 were probably important to our ancestors，and why dreaming affects our ability to learn.
Do all animals dream？From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals，scientists think that all mammals dream，such as humans，dogs，lions，and whales，but fish（9）　may　 not. （They're not sure about birds.）
How often animals dream seems to be tied to body size.Cats dream about every 15 minutes，mice every 9 minutes，and elephants every 2 hours.And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up，they only dream when （10）　lying　 （lie） down.
【分析】本文为说明文，主要讲述睡眠的不同阶段。
【解答】（1）called.考查过去分词。句意：她已经进入了睡眠的第一阶段，称为慢波睡眠。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，the first stage of sleep与call之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填called。
（2）that.考查同位语从句。句意：大约15分钟后，你会注意到她的眼睛在闭着的眼睑下移动。分析句子可知，此处引导change的同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分和含义，故填that。
（3）are blocked.考查动词时态及语态。句意：虽然她会抽搐，发出轻微的呼噜声，但从她的大脑到腿部大肌肉的信息被阻断了，所以她不能到处跑。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语messages与block之间是被动关系，故填are blocked。
（4）interrupted.考查动词时态。句意：早在1963年，研究猫睡眠的法国科学家Michel Jouvet就中断了猫的睡眠瘫痪，即不能正常行动或功能的状态。时间状语为back in 1963，句子用一般过去时，故填interrupted。
（5）Even if.考查让步状语从句。句意：即使它们完全睡着了，做梦的猫也开始跑向Jouvet看不见的球，并向看不见的敌人弯腰。分析句子可知，此处引导让步状语从句，且置于句首，首字母大写，故填Even if。
（6）to be practising.考查动词不定式及时态。句意：大多数情况下，梦幻猫似乎在练习重要的猫技能：跟随、突袭和战斗。seem to do表示"似乎做某事"，结合句意可知，此处表示"似乎正在练习"，故填to be practising。
（7）another.考查限定词。句意：在另一项研究中，马特•威尔逊记录了老鼠学习迷宫时的脑电波。another表示"另一个"，故填another。
（8）that/which.考查定语从句。句意：这也许可以解释为什么这么多人梦想着战斗和逃跑，这些技能对我们的祖先可能很重要，以及为什么梦想会影响我们的学习能力。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为skills，在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
（9）may.考查情态动词。句意：通过观察熟睡动物的脑电波，科学家认为所有哺乳动物都在做梦，比如人类、狗、狮子和鲸鱼，但鱼可能不会。may表示"可能"，符合句意，故填may。
（10）lying.考查省略句。句意：尽管牛和马通常是站着睡觉，但它们只有在躺下时才会做梦。分析句子可知，此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略，省略了主语they与be，they与lie之间是主动关系，故填lying。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
15．
A.cultivate B.reassuring C.opposing D.objective E.confidence F.evidence
G.perceived H.functioning I.estimate J.existing K.scientism
Why doubt is essential to science
The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is，but on what people would like it to be.When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science，many of them replied that it is a（n） （1）　D　 way of discovering certainties about the world.But science cannot provide certainties.For example，a majority of Americans trust science as long as it does not challenge their （2）　J　 beliefs.To the question "When science disagrees with the teachings of your religion，which one do you believe？，" 58 percent of North Americans favor religion；33 percent science；and 6 percent say "it depends."
But doubt in science is a feature，not a bug.Indeed，the paradox is that science，when properly （3）　H　 ，questions accepted facts and yields both new knowledge and new questions—not certainty.Doubt does not （4）　A　 trust，nor does it help public understanding.So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions？
As a historian of science，I would argue that it's the responsibility of scientists and historians
of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often （5）　G　 as its weakness：its drive to question and challenge a hypothesis.Indeed，the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new （6）　F　 emerges from either experimentation or observation.Scientific findings are hypotheses that encompass the state of knowledge at a given moment.In the long run，many of are challenged and even overturned.Doubt might be troubling，but it impels us towards a better understanding；certainties，as （7）　B　 as they may seem，in fact undermine the scientific process.
Scientists understand this，but in the （8）　C　 force between the public and science，there are two significant pitfalls.The first is a form of blind （9）　K　 ﹣ that is，a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems.And the other is a form of relativism borne out of a lack of（10）　E　 in the very existence of truth.
【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者给大家解释了"为什么怀疑对科学至关重要"这个问题。
【解答】（1）D.考查形容词。句意：当我在年初问学生们如何定义科学时，他们中的许多人回答说，这是一种发现世界确定性的客观方式。分词句子可知，空格处填形容词修饰名词way，objective"客观的"符合题意。故选D项。
（2）J.考查形容词。句意：例如，大多数美国人相信科学，只要它不挑战他们现有的信仰。分析句子可知，空格处填形容词修饰beliefs。结合语境，existing"现存的"符合题意。故选J项。
（3）H.考查状语从句的省略结构。句意：事实上，科学在正常运转时，会质疑公认的事实，并导致新知识和新问题﹣﹣﹣而不是确定性。分析句子可知，两个逗号中间的内容是状语从句的省略结构，修饰主语science。function作为动词，意为"起作用，运转"，和science构成主动关系，用它的现在分词形式。故选H项。
（4）A.考查动词。句意：怀疑不能培养信任，也无助于公众的理解。从空格前面的doesn't可知，空格处填动词原形。再结合句意， "培养信任"这个搭配是对的，cultivate"培养"。故选A项。
（5）G.考查动词。句意：作为一名科学史学家，我认为科学家和科学史学家有责任证明，科学的真正力量恰恰在于人们通常认为它的弱点：它质疑和挑战可能的解释的动力，科学方法要求在实验或观察中出现新的证据时，改变我们对自然世界的理解。此句中what引导的从句做介词in的宾语。what指的是被人们认为是弱点的东西。perceive 含义是"认为，感知"符合题意。故选G项。
（6）F.考查名词。句意：科学方法要求在实验或观察中出现新的证据时，改变我们对自然世界的理解。在whenever引导的从句中，此空做主语，一般考虑名词。结合句意"新证据出现"，evidence"证据"符合题意。故选F项。
（7）B.考查形容词。句意：确定性，就像看上去像他们看起来的一样令人安心，实际上阻碍了科学过程。as…as结构中用形容词的原级。结合句意，"确定性，似乎看起来是令人安心的"，reassuring"令人安心的"符合题意。故选B项。
（8）C.考查动名词。句意：科学家们理解这一点，但在公众和科学之间的对立中，有两个重要的陷阱。此空在介词in后面，填名词或者动名词。结合语境，opposing"对立"符合语境。故选C项。
（9）K.考查名词。句意：一种是盲目的科学主义，即相信科学有能力解决所有问题。此空做a form of 的宾语，应填入名词，结合后面的"a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems"可知，scientism"科学主义"符合语境。故选K项。
（10）E.考查名词。句意：另一种是一种相对主义，它是由于对真理的存在缺乏信心而产生的。此空应填入名词。做a lack of的宾语。结合前一句内容"相信科学有能力解决所有问题"可知，另一种就是对科学缺乏信心，confidence"信心"符合语境。故选E项。
【点评】如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如主谓一致，动词的时态，语态，固定短语，名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。
Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
16．This era of "Industry 4.0" is being driven by the same technological advances that enable the capabilities of the smartphones in our pockets.It is a mix of low﹣cost and high﹣power computers，high﹣speed communication and artificial intelligence.This will produce smarter robots with better sensing and communication abilities that can（1）　B　 different tasks，and even adjust their work to meet demand without the input of humans.
In the manufacturing industry，where robots have arguably made the most headway of any division，this will mean a（n） （2）　D　 shift from centralized to decentralized cooperative production. （3）　A　 robots focused on single，fixed，high﹣speed operations and required a highly skilled human workforce to operate and maintain them.Industry 4.0 machines are flexible，cooperative and can operate more independently，which （4）　C　 removes the need for a highly skilled workforce.
For large﹣scale manufacturers，Industry 4.0 means their robots will be able to sense their environment and communicate in an industrial network that can be run and （5）　C　 remotely.Each machine will produce large amounts of data that can be （6）　B　 studied using what is known as "big data"analysis.This will help （7）　A　 ways to improve operating performance and production quality across the whole plant，for example by better predicting when repairing is needed and automatically （8）　D　 it.
For （9）　C　 manufacturing businesses，Industry 4.0 will make it cheaper and easier to use robots.It will create machines that can be rearranged to perform（10）　A　 jobs and adjusted to work on a more diverse product range and different production volumes.This part is already beginning to benefit from robots designed to cooperate with human workers and analyse their own work to look for （11）　B　.While these machines are getting smarter，they are still not as smart as us.Today's industrial artificial intelligence operates at a （12）　C　 level，which gives the appearance of human intelligence exhibited by machines，but designed by humans.
What's coming next is known as"deep learning'".Similar to big data analysis，it involves processing large quantities of data in real time to （13）　D　 what is the best action to take.The （14）　A　 is that the machine learns from the data so it can improve its decision making.A perfect example of deep learning was （15）　D　 by Google's AlphaGo software，which taught itself to beat the world's greatest Go players.
（1）A.compare with
B.adapt to
C.pick out
D.hold on
（2）A.extensive
B.accidental
C.convenient
D.dramatic
（3）A.Traditional
B.Removable
C.Fashionable
D.Potential
（4）A.temporarily
B.thoroughly
C.eventually
D.initially
（5）A.arranged
B.evaluated
C.monitored
D.composed
（6）A.gradually
B.collectively
C.similarly
D.approximately
（7）A.identify
B.reserve
C.exploit
D.indicate
（8）A.dominating
B.imposing
C eliminating
D.scheduling
（9）A.high﹣speed
B.mass﹣produced
C.small﹣to﹣medium
D.multi﹣cultural
（10）A.multiple
B.feasible
C.profitable
D.independent
（11）A.promotions
B.improvements
C.highlights
D.resolutions
（12）A.separate
B.peculiar
C.narrow
D.mysterious
（13）A.come up with
B.account for
C.give way to
D.make decisions about
（14）A.difference
B.commission
C.phenomenon
D.expectation
（15）A.introduced
B.described
C.prepared
D.demonstrated
【分析】本文是说明文。文章阐述了人工智能机器人Industry 4.0，介绍了它的特点，并将它与"深度学习"进行了对比。
【解答】（1）B.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.compare with 比较；B.adapt to适应；C.pick out 挑选；D.hold on坚持。句意：这将创造具有更好的感知和通信能力的智能机器人。能够适应不同的任务，甚至在没有人类输入的情况下协调它们的工作以满足需求。根据下文下文even adjust their work to meet demand without the input of humans.可知，这款新机器人可以在没有人输入的情况下，协调工作来满足需求，因此推断它能够适应不同的任务。故选B。
（2）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.extensive广阔的，广大的；B.accidental意外的；C.convenient方便的；D.dramatic巨大的，引入注目的。句意：在制造业中，机器人可以说是取得了所有行业中进展最大的一步，这将意味着从集中合作生产向分散合作生产的巨大转变。根据上文In the manufacturing industry，where robots have arguably made the most headway of any division可知，在制造行业，机器人可以说是取得了进展最大的一步，因此推断这意味着一个从集中合作生产向分散合作生产的巨大的转变。故选D。
（3）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.Traditional传统的；B.Removable可移动的；C.Fashionable时髦的：D.Potential潜在的。句意：传统的机器人专注于单一的固定的、高速的操作，需要高技能的劳动力来操作和维护它们。根据下文"Industry 4.0 machines are flexible，cooperative and can operate more independently（工业4.0机器人是灵活的，协作的，可以更独立地运行）""可知，此处是传统机器人与Industry 4.0作对比，讲述传统机器人的特征。故选A。
（4）C.考查副词及语境理解。A.temporarily短暂地；B.thoroughly彻底地；C.eventually最终；D.initially最初。句意：工业4.0机器人是灵活的、协作的，可以更独立地运行，这最终消除了对高技能劳动力的需求。根据上文"Industry 4.0 machines are fexible，coopeaive and can operate more independently"可知，工业4.0机器灵活，协作，更独立，因此推断最终会不需要高技能劳动力。故选C。
（5）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.arranged安排；B.evaluated评估；C.monitored监控；D.composed组成，构成。句意：对于大型制造商来说，工业4.0意味着他们的机器人将能够感知他们的环境，并在一个可以远程运行和监控的工业网络中进行通信。that引导定语从句，指代network，由上文的"can be run"可推断，这个网络可以远程运行和监控。故选C。
（6）B.考查副词及语境理解。A.gradually逐渐地；B.collectivelyy集体地，共同地；C.similarly相似地；D.approximately大约，近似。句意：每台机器都将产生大量的数据，这些数据可以使用所谓的"大数据"分析来集中研究。根据下文This will help （7）ways to improve operating performance and production quality across the whole plant（提高整个工厂的经营性能和生产质量）"可推断，这些数据可以使用"大数据"分析集中研究。故选B。
（7）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.identify确定；B.reserve保留；C.exploit利用；D.indicate表明。句意：这将有助于确定提高整个工厂的运行性能和生产质量的方法，例如，通过更好地预测何时需要维护，井自动安排它。根据上文"that can be （6）studied using what is known as "big data"analysis"和下文"for example by better predicting when repairing is needed and automatically it."可推断，通过使用大数据分析可以帮助确定整个工厂的运行性能和生产质量的方法。故选A。
（8）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.dominating支配，控制；B.imposing强迫；C.eliminating排除，除掉；D.scheduling 安排。句意：这将有助于确定提高整个工厂的运行性能和生产质量的方法，例如，通过更好地预测何时需要维护，井自动安排它。根据上文This will help （7）ways to improve operating performance and production quality across the whole plant可推断，这有助于确定提高整个工厂的运行性能和生产质量的方法，此处举例说明，通过使用大数据集中研究，可以更好地预测什么时候需要维修，并可以自动做出安排。故选D。
（9）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.high﹣speed高速的；B.mass﹣produced大规模生产的；C.small﹣to﹣medium 中小型的；D.multi﹣cultural多文化的。句意：对于中小型制造企业，工业4.0将使其更便宜、更容易地使用机器人。根据上文For large﹣scale manufacturers，Industry 4.0 means their robots will be able to sense their environment and communicate in an industrial network可推断，此处说的是中小型制造企业，对比大规模制作业，介绍工业4.0的运用。故选C。
（10）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.multiple多重的，多个的；B.feasible可行的；C.profitable有利可图的；D.independent自主的。句意：它将创建可以重新配置以执行多个任务，并可以进行调整以在更多样化的产品范围和不同的产量上工作的机器。根据下文adjusted to work on a more diverse product range and different production volumes可知，机器可以被重新配置执行多重任务。故选A。
（11）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.promotions促进；B.improvements改善，改进；C.highlights最有趣的部分；D.resolutions决心。句意：这个部门已经开始受益于可重组的机器人，这些机器人旨在与人类工人合作，并分析他们自己的工作，以寻求改进。根据上文"analyse their own work"可推断，这些机器人可以分析自己的工作以寻求改进。故选B。
（12）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.separate独立的；B.peculiar奇怪的；C.narrow狭窄的；D.mysterious神秘的。句意：今天的工业人工智能的运作范围很窄，这使人类智能看起来由机器展示，但由人类设计。根据上文"While these machines are getting smarter，they are still not as smart as us."和下文"which gives the appearance of human intelligence exhibited by machines，but designed by humans"可知，机器仍旧没有人类聪明，因此今天的工业人工智能运作范围很狭窄，看起来就像是人类设计，机器来展示。故选C。
（13）D.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.come up with提出；B.account for导致，引起；C.give way to让步；D.make decisions about做出决定。句意：与大数据分析类似，它涉及到实时处理大量数据，以决定采取什么是最好的行动。根据上文processing large quantities of data in real time 和下文"what is the best action to take"可推断，此处说的是处理大量数据来决定最好的行动是什么。故选D。
（14）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.difference不同；B.commission委员会；C.phenomenon现象；D.expectation期待。句意：不同之处在于，机器可以从数据中学习，从而提高其决策能力。根据上文"Similar to big data analysis"和下文"taught itself to beat the world's greatest Go players"可推断，此处说的是机器与大数据分析的不同，机器可以从数据中学习，从而提高其决策能力。故选A。
（15）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.introduced介绍；B.described描述；C.prepared准备；D.demonstrated证明。句意：谷歌的Alpha Go展示了深度学习的一个完美例子，它自学打败了世界上最伟大的国棋选手。根据下文"which taught itself to beat the world's greatest Go players"可推断，Alpha Go自学打败了世界上最伟大的围棋选手，展示了深度学习的一个完美的例子。故选D。
【点评】完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。
Section BDirections：Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
17．For thousands of years，the most important two buildings in any British village have been the church and the pub.In fact，until a place has a church and a pub，it is not really considered a community worthy of a name.Traditionally，the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town，since it is where the people gather to socialize and exchange news.They are institutions at the heart of British society.After all，the word 'pub' is actually short for 'public house'.
As a result，British pubs are often old and well preserved.Many of them have become historic sites that tourists visit.One of the most famous examples is the pub in the city of called 'Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem，which dates back to the year AD 1189 and is probably the oldest pub in England.It was the same year in which King Richard the First came into power，who led the First Crusade into the Holy Land，towards Jerusalem.
Many British pubs have old names referring to governors，such as The King's Head or The Queen Victoria，but of course this doesn't mean they are only for kings and queens.Pubs have always welcomed people from all classes and parts of society.On a cold night，the pub's landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by the fire.There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price.
That's how it used to be，but there are worrying signs that things are beginning to change.Economic downturns，governmental financial measures，and cultural changes are causing many pubs to go out of business.People do not have a lot of spare money to spend on beer.On top of that，in 2007 smoking was banned in all public indoor spaces，including pubs，which may also have affected the numbers of customers going to pubs since then.
This decline is happening despite the fact that pubs are now allowed by law to stay open after 11pm.Previously，with 11pm as closing time，customers would have to drink quite quickly，meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly.This British habit of drinking is known as 'bingedrinking'，and it causes long﹣term health problems for individuals and problems with violent crime for communities.The UK government is trying to find ways of discouraging binge drinking，and regularly spends money on television commercials to warn people of the problems of drinking too much.
（1）Which of the following can be inferred from the passage？ 　B　
A.British pubs are preserved well mainly to attract tourists from all of the world.
B.British pubs are quite popular and accessible to people from all walks of life.
C.Most British pubs are going out of business because of economic and cultural bans.
D.Most British pubs have to shut down to adjust themselves to meet the smoking ban.
（2）Why did the UK government allow pubs to stay open after 11pm？ 　C　
A.To stimulate customers to spend more on drinks.
B.To help British pubs survive economic downturns.
C.To encourage more sensible ways of drinking in pubs.
D.To get rid of violent crime in most part of Britain.
（3）The term"binge drinking'"in paragraph 5 would be most likely to describe 　A　
A.drinking too much and too quickly
B.social problems related to British pubs
C.a new long﹣term drinking approach
D.problems caused by drinking too much
（4）What will most probably be covered in the paragraph that follows the last in the passage？ 　C　
A.Different methods to welcome new customers to pubs.
B.Various advertisements encouraging people to quit drinking.
C.The campaigns and strategies to support the traditional pubs.
D Trends of migrating back from the modern wine bars to old ones.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。讲的是传统酒馆在英国的变迁史以及当代酒馆没落的原因和政府支持传统酒馆的一些举措。
【解答】（1）B.推理判断题。根据第一段For thousands of years，the most important two buildings in any British village have been the church and the pub.In fact，until a place has a church and a pub，it is not really considered a community worthy of a name." （数千年来，英国乡村最重要的两座建筑是教堂和酒馆。事实上，直到一个地方有了教堂和酒馆，它才真正被认为是一个名副其实的社区。）和第三段"Pubs have always welcome people from all classes and parts of society." （酒馆总是欢迎来自社会各个阶层的人。）可知，酒馆在英国广受欢迎，各行各业的人都可以去。故选B。
（2）C.推理判断题。通过题干中"11 pm."将答案定位在第五段，根据"Previously，with 11 pm as closing time，customers would have to drink quite quickly，meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly." （之前，因为关门时间是11点，顾客不得不喝酒很快，这也就意味着他们有时候喝得快会比喝得慢喝得更醉。）反推，酒馆被允许在11点后再关门，那么顾客就不用喝那么快，也就不用喝得更醉，喝酒的方式也就更合理了。故选C。
（3）A.词句猜测题。根据第五段前文"customers would have to drink quite quickly，meaning they sometimes got more drunk" （顾客不得不喝酒很快，这也就意味着他们有时候喝得更醉），后文"The British habit of drinking is known as"binge drinking"，and it causes long﹣term health problems individuals and problems with violent crime for communities" （英国人的饮酒习惯被称为"binge drinking"，它会给个人和社区带来长期的健康问题和暴力犯罪问题。）可知，这种喝酒方式会带一系列恶性问题，因此这种"binge drinking"喝酒方式应该是"喝得又快又多"。故选A。
（4）C.推理判断题。根据最后一段"This decline is happening despite the fact that pubs are now allow by law to stay open after 11 pm." （尽管它们被允许开门到11点后，酒馆的衰落还在进行中。）文末"The UK government is trying to find ways of discouraging binge drinking，and regularly spends money on television commercials to warn people of the problems of king too much." （英国政府正试图找到阻止酗酒的方法，并定期在电视广告上花钱，警告人们过度饮酒的问题。）可知，近些年酒馆没落，但政府采取了一系列措施振兴酒馆，因此后文可能会继续承接最后一段列举一些举措支持传统酒馆。故选C。
【点评】1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。
18．
The Coming Series
Express Yourself!﹣The Art of Cartooning
Time：Thursday，January 6，18：30
Welcome to the first event in our new series，Express Yourself!We will explore many forms of personal self﹣expression and discuss how and why people create things and have hobbies.Join William Denham，an American diplomat stationed in Shanghai.Outside of the office，Will's main artistic hobby is drawing cartoons.His cartoons have been displayed in two shows in Shanghai.He will discuss his hobby，what it means to him，and help take participants on their own cartooning journey.This entertaining and interactive event is open to all﹣﹣ including those with no drawing or cartooning experience.Be sure to bring your favorite pen or pencil，a notepad or sketchpad，and a creative attitude.
Breaking Barriers：
The NHL's Trailblazer
Willie O'Ree
Time：Wednesday，January 12，18：30
Join us to watch and discuss the award﹣winning documentary，Willie，inspired by the story of Willie O'Ree who，in 1958，became the first black player in the National Hockey League （NHL）.Willie tells the story of an extraordinary life and triumph over adversity.It also examines larger issues such as race，equality，inclusion，community，and so on.Through goal setting，hard work，and perseverance，Willie overcame many barriers and paved the path for talented hockey players，regardless of race，to play at the highest level.Please register to learn about this groundbreaking sports figure.
American Short Fiction：
Writing Our Stories x The Yellow Wallpaper
Time：Tuesday，February 15，18：30
Quick to read and easily shared，the short story is said to be the literature of our times.We invite you on a journey to get to know some of the best short stories in American literature.
The Yellow Wallpaper，by American author Charlotte Perkins （Stetson） Gilman，was first published in 1892 but persists in American culture as a literary touchstone.While it is a horror story on its surface，a careful reading reveals deeper themes of gender equality and the importance of self﹣expression.And in this time of global situation，it reemerges as a study on the effects of isolation.Join American diplomat Peter Fasnacht to discuss these themes and their connections to American society.Please read the story ahead of the talk.You can find the story here.
Online registration is capped at 40 for each event.RSVP http：//shpas012121.wanshe.cn
*The discussion will be conducted in English.
（1）Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the first event？ 　D　
A.William Denham will share his artistic hobby with the participants.
B.The participants will explore various forms of personal self﹣expression.
C.Drawing or cartooning experience isn't a must for the participants.
D.The participants will be provided with essential drawing tools.
（2）What can we infer from the coming series？ 　D　
A.The story of Willie O'Ree is neither inspiring nor entertaining.
B.The Yellow Wallpaper tells a horrible story revealing global emergency.
C.Those who haven't registered online are also welcome to the events.
D.Applicants had better have a good command of English.
（3）Which of the following is the most possible theme of the series introduced in the passage？ 　A　
A.Arts and literature
B.Books and films
C.Entertainment and interaction
D.Heroes and achievements
【分析】这是一篇应用文，主要介绍了包含卡通艺术、纪录片和美国文学的系列节目相关信息和活动细节。
【解答】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第一广告Welcome to the first event 部分"Be sure to bring your favorite pen or pencil，a notepad or sketchpad，and a creative attitude. （请确保带上心爱的钢笔或铅笔、记事本或者速写本。请保持创新的态度）"可知，卡通艺术活动不会为参与者提供必要的作画工具，需要他们自己携带。故选D项。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据最后一句"The discussion will be conducted in English. （讨论活动需要用英语进行）"可知，申请参加活动节目的人，最好掌握英语，才能加入讨论活动。故选D项。
（3）A.主旨大意题。根据第一段广告的"The Art of Cartooning （卡通画的艺术）"和第二段广告的"Join us to watch and discuss the award ﹣wining documentary， （和我一起观看并讨论一部获奖纪录片）"和第三段广告"We invite you on a journey to get to know some of the best short stories in American literature. （我们诚邀您同我们一道来了解美国文学史一些最优秀的短篇小说）"可知，文中介绍的系列节目的主题应包含艺术和文学。A.Arts and literature艺术和文学；B.Books and films书籍和电影；C.Entertainment and interaction娱乐和互动；D.Heroes and achievements英雄和成就。故选A项。
【点评】1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。
19．Ellen Weiss can hardly see.David Schmitt can barely hear.Are they typical victims of aging's cruelest blows？Not really.Weiss is actually a fresh resident doctor in family practice，age 30，and Schmitt a medical student，26.They have been assigned roles，ages and particular illnesses as an innovative part of their medical training.
Introduced in only a few medical centers so far，such role playing is designed to expose doctors to the pains endured by the patients.It is just one of several techniques being tried at medical schools and hospitals in an attempt to deal with the most universal complaint about doctors：lack of sympathy."Residents are usually young and healthy."says Dr.Stephen Brunton."They've not really had a chance to understand what patients go through."
Role﹣playing programs give them a crash course.At Hunterdon，students' faces are instantly aged with cornflour and make up.Next the disabilities are laid on：gloves cripple fingers，and peas inside shoes prevent walking.Then the ersatz invalids are asked to perform common tasks：purchasing medication at the drugstore，undressing for X rays，filling out a Medicare form and，most awkward，using the bathroom themselves.At Long Beach，new residents assume made﹣up illnesses and check into the hospital for an overnight stay.The staff treats them as they would any other patient，even sending them a bill.The entire entering class of medical students at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences are issued bedpans and told to use them.Some are even subjected to an indignity：spending most part of the first day of school as people with disabilities.
Instant patients usually start out activated and joking."But by the end of a few hours，most say， "I'm exhausted."observes nurse Linda Bryant at Hunterdon Schmitt discovered that "a major accomplishment was doing up my collar."And，to his surprise，"I wound up hating physicians who didn't realize how much medication would cost and how hard it was to go and pick it up."Weiss also learnt："I realized how little I talk to patients.I might ask them about chest pains but not 'Can you get dressed，eat O.K，take your medicine？""Jeffroy Ortiz thought he was in for a quiet rest when he was sent to the intensive care unit，suffering from"chest pains."Instead he spent a sleepless night："People were coming in to do labs，the man in the next bed was groaning，and the heart monitor was bleeping，which was noisy and scary."
Any patient could have told him so，but many educators believe the direct experience of such miseries will leave an enduring sense of sympathy.Doctors have long defended taking a cool，dispassionate approach to patient care，arguing that it helps preserve objective judgment and protect against burnout.But critics disagree."By concentrating on symptoms and lab data，we ignore a wealth of information that can affect patients' well﹣being，"observes Dr.Simon Auster at the Uniformed Services medical school.
（1）According to the passage，the role﹣playing programme is designed 　C　 .
A.as an innovative part in the local community
B.as part of the play the residents have to watch
C.to help doctors understand the pains endured by the patients
D.to expose students to school facilities in a vivid way
（2）What does the phrase "the ersatz invalids"in paragraph 3 refer to？ 　B　
A.Local patients who usually start out activated and joking.
B.Students who make up their faces to look aged.
C.Doctors who perform common tasks that may not occur in real hospitals.
D.Customers who purchase medications and undress for X rays with the help of students.
（3）The instant patients may feel most embarrassed when they 　B　
A.fill in a Medicare table
B.are using the washroom on their own
C.are issued bedpans and told to try them
D.meet with someone they know well
（4）What can be concluded according to the passage？ 　C　
A.Residents should always take a cool approach without sympathy to patient care in their job.
B.Doctors ought to be completely independent from the symptoms and the previous lab data.
C.Doctors may ignore information influencing the patients' health only by focusing on symptoms.
D.Experience in role﹣playing programs won't help the new doctors preserve objective judgment.
【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了一种让医生切身体验病人痛苦的角色扮演医学培训。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句"Introduced in only a few medical centers so far，such role playing is designed to expose doctors to the pains endured by the patients." （到目前为止，只有少数医疗中心引进了这种角色扮演，其目的是让医生感受患者所承受的痛苦。）可知，设计角色扮演项目是为了帮助医生了解病人所承受的痛苦。故选C项。
（2）B.词义猜测题。根据文章第三段关键句"At Hunterdon，students' faces are instantly aged with cornflour and make up.Next the disabilities are laid on：gloves cripple fingers，and peas inside shoes prevent walking." （在亨特顿大学，学生们的脸会因为玉米粉和化妆品而瞬间变老。接下来是残疾人：手套使手指残废，鞋里的豌豆阻止行走。） 及"are asked to perform common tasks" （被要求执行常见任务）可知，the ersatz invalids指代参与真实病人体验的学生们，如，把脸化妆成显老的学生。故选B项。
（3）B.细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句"Then the ersatz invalids are asked to perform common tasks：purchasing medication at the drugstore，undressing for x rays，fling out a Medicare form and，most awkward，using the bathroom themselves."（然后，这些假冒的病人被要求执行一些常见的任务：在药店买药、脱衣服照x光片、扔出一张医疗保险表格，最尴尬的是，他们自己上厕所。）可知，这些临时病人最尴尬的部分是他们自己上厕所的时候。故选B项。
（4）C.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段关键句"By concentrating on symptoms and lab data，we ignore a wealth of information that can affect patients' well ﹣ being." （我们把注意力集中在症状和实验室数据上，而忽视了大量可能影响患者健康的信息。）可知，医生可能只关注症状而忽视影响患者健康的信息。故选C项。
【点评】1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。
Section CDirections：Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
20．
A.Social integration is no doubt a continuous changing process.
B.Formal education is one common platform that brings together diversified groups.
C.Integration also takes place in various arts programmes which are supported by local community.
D.Concerted efforts are made to ensure there are equal opportunities for migrants regardless of their backgrounds.
E.Societies are better off if they promote social integration through common practices that reduce tension，discrimination and poverty.
F Social integration should be guided in reasonable steps and stimulated by local governments.Social Integration﹣Welcoming the Newcomers
Social integration is the process through which minority groups interact，come together or are incorporated within a community.Increased social integration helps reduce conflict and tension in society，and it can help the new migrants feel more connected to their new community.How do different groups remain relatively cohesive in society？
A few countries around the world have adopted integrated frameworks for their economic，social，political and cultural policies with regard to accepting these migrants into the local society.（1）　D　 This is to allow them to achieve their full potential in life.There are still ongoing efforts to integrate different cultures and races，and the governments have encouraged their immigrants to take an active part in social，cultural，economic and political activities.
Integration takes place in neighborhoods，work places，schools and public places where people from diverse backgrounds spend most of their time. （2）　B　Especially among the younger children，being in the same class as their foreign counterparts will teach the local children the meaning of tolerance and empathy.Participation in sports，community engagement and volunteer work are also other possible ways that eliminate discrimination and other forms of intolerance.From participating in arts programmes to being parent volunteers in schools，these platforms provide opportunities for people to interact and work towards a common cause.Sports programmes have also been used to encourage social integration.In fact，sport can strengthen social networks and promote non﹣violence and respect.In these ways，meaningful relationships among those of different ages，racial groups or faiths are built on the basis of common interests.
（3）　A　 Still，countries have also acknowledged that human movement across borders cannot be stopped Instead，it should be better managed so that migration is safe，legal and beneficial for everyone.（4）　E　 Indeed，the government and local communities play a key role in integrating these newcomers and empowering them to contribute to their new communities，while maintaining their identities.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲的是社会融合是什么以及社会融合对减少社会中冲突、紧张局势和帮助新移民融入新环境起到的作用。
【解答】（1）D.细节理解题。根据前文"accepting these migrants into the local society.（当地接收外来移民的问题。）"根据后文"This is to allow them to achieve their full potential in life.（这允许他们完全发挥潜能。）"中"this"可推断，此句是空格处语意的顺承，指的是空格中的接纳外来移民的所做的某种行为带来的好处，因此空格处应为接纳外来移民的某种行为。可知，选项"D.Concerted efforts are made to ensure there are equal opportunities for migrants regardless of their backgrounds.应共同努力确保他们不管是来自何种背景都有着公平的机会。"符合语境。故选D。
（2）B.细节理解题。根据前文"Integration takes place in neighborhoods，work places，schools and public places where people from diverse backgrounds spend most of their time。（融合发生在社区、工作场所、学校和公共场所，不同背景的人们大部分时间都在这些地方度过。）"讲融合发生的地方，后文"Especially among the younger children，being in the same class as their foreign counterparts will teach the local children the meaning of tolerance and empathy.（尤其是在同一个班的小孩子，因为外国的同龄小孩会教当地孩子宽容和共情的意义。）"讲小孩子在融合发生的地方受的益。因此空格处应为与小孩子相关的可发生社会融合的地方。可知，选项"B.Formal education is one common platform that brings together diversified groups.正式教育是把不同群体聚到一起的公认的平台。"中"one common platform"与前句"in neighborhoods，work places，schools and public places"一脉相承都讲的是融合发生的地方。符合语境。故选B。
（3）A.细节理解题。根据后文"countries have also acknowledged that human movement across borders cannot be stopped Instead.（很多国家都承认人类越过国界的步伐是不会停止的。）"说明不断会有人进入其他文化中；以及再下一句"it should be better managed（社会融合应当得到更好的管理。）"可知，前两句讲的都是社会融合得到更好管理的原因与背景。选项"A.Social integration is no doubt a continuous changing process.毫无疑问社会融合是一个不断改变的过程。" 符合语境。故选A。
（4）E.细节理解题。根据前文"it should be better managed so that migration is safe，legal and beneficial for everyone.（社会融合应当得到更好的管理，那么移民就会安全合法并对每个人都好。）"讲的是社会融合得到重视的必要性，空格处也应是上文语义的顺承，讲社会融合良性进行的好处，可知，选项"E.Societies are better off if they promote social integration through common practices that reduce tension，discrimination and poverty.如果社会有推动社会融合的共识，那么社会会更好。"符合语境。故选E。
【点评】技巧
①通读全文，了解文章大意；
②细读六个选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词，分析选项间的逻辑关系；
③根据文章整体结构、具体内容，结合关键词，选出最佳选项；
④将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理。
Summary WritingDirections：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
21．Seniority in Promotion Is Not a Wise Business Practice
It's not always an easy decision for companies when it comes to filling managerial spots.In the past promoting an employee has been popularly handled by means of basic analysis of the employees' past performance and seniority.In some cases，the individual's performance has been considered more important while in others the amount of time they have been with the company has been the deciding factor.Nevertheless，seniority is a standard that has never been left out.However，in the contemporary business world，the importance of seniority in promotion is being destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying to fill top managerial spots.
Unlike experienced employees who have been with the company for a long time，new people are more likely to generate creative ideas.In rapidly changing markets，innovative and creative talents are sought by many companies in order to adapt to the market.To meet their needs，companies have more to gain by selecting outside employees since they are more willing to try new techniques and less afraid of breaking tradition when introducing new ideas.Thus，rather than promoting existing employees，it might be a wiser management decision to bring in outside talent.
An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need to wait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion.Simply put，no matter how long they have been with the company，employees have to contribute diligently to the organization if they want to move up the career ladder.As soon as people realize that the company could just as easily bring in a new person，employees will stop judging themselves against each other because they are no longer competing against their colleagues but everyone in the entire industry.As a result，they will begin to show more effort to bring the level of their work up to what they imagine is a much higher standard.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，在过去，公司提拔员工是通过对员工过去的表现和资历的分析。然而，在当代的商业世界，为了适应市场的变化，为了满足他们的需要，公司更愿意选择并提拔外部员工。他们更愿意引入新思路和新技术，也不害怕打破传统。因此，与提拔现有员工相比，从外部引进员工可能是一个更明智的管理决策。
高分句型一：One is that outside employees are more likely to produce creative ideas，which helps companies adapt to the market.
译文：一是外部员工更有可能产生创造性的想法，这有助于公司适应市场。
分析：这句话使用that引导表语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：The other is that it stops employees thinking their seniority guarantees a promotion，which helps enhancing employees' work level.
译文：另一个原因是它阻止了员工认为他们的资历可以保证晋升，这有助于提高员工的工作水平。
分析：这句话使用that引导表语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句。
【解答】Nowadays，more companies prefer to select outside employees in promotion instead of considering employees' past performance and seniority mainly for two reasons/advantages.（公司更愿意选择并提拔外部员工）One is that outside employees are more likely to produce creative ideas，which helps companies adapt to the market.【高分句型一】（外部员工帮助公司适应环境）The other is that it stops employees thinking their seniority guarantees a promotion，which helps enhancing employees' work level.【高分句型二】（从外部引进员工可能是一个更明智的管理决策）
【点评】概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.
22．必须采取有效措施以防止病毒扩散。（prevent） 　Effective measures must be taken to prevent the spread of the virus.　
【分析】必须采取有效措施以防止病毒扩散。
【解答】本句中主语是"有效的措施"effective measures，与动词"采取"take之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，"以防止病毒扩散"为目的状语，应用动词不定式短语to prevent the spread of the virus。
故填：Effective measures must be taken to prevent the spread of the virus.
【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
23．事实证明，能坚持理想的人往往更容易取得成功。（There） 　There is evidence that those who can stick to their ambitions/dreams are more likely to succeed.　
【分析】事实证明，能坚持理想的人往往更容易取得成功。
【解答】"事实证明"there is evidence that...，that引导同位语从句，从句中主语是"那些人"those，"能坚持理想的"作后置定语，应用定语从句who can stick to their ambitions/dreams，"更容易取得成功"are more likely to succeed。
故填：There is evidence that those who can stick to their ambitions/dreams are more likely to succeed.
【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
24．教师们不遗余力推进素质教育，旨在培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。（effort） 　Teachers spare no efforts to promote the quality﹣oriented education，cultivating students' spirit of innovation and practical abilities.　
【分析】教师们不遗余力推进素质教育，旨在培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。
【解答】本句中主语是"教师们"teachers，"不遗余力"spare no efforts，"推进素质教育"作目的状语，应用动词不定式to promote the quality﹣oriented education，"培养"cultivate，与前面内容之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，"学生的创新精神和实践能力"students' spirit of innovation and practical abilities。
故填：Teachers spare no efforts to promote the quality﹣oriented education，cultivating students' spirit of innovation and practical abilities.
【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
25．随着时代的进步，许多往日被视为奢侈品的电子产品，已成为大众消费得起的日用品。（that） 　With the advancement of times，many electronic devices that were regarded as luxury possessions has been turned into affordable commodities/daily goods/daily necessities the general public use.　
【分析】随着时代的进步，许多往日被视为奢侈品的电子产品，已成为大众消费得起的日用品。
【解答】"随着时代的进步"with the advancement of times，在句子中作状语，主语是"许多电子产品"many electronic devices，"往日被视为奢侈品的"作后置定语，应用定语从句that were regarded as luxury possessions，谓语动词是"已成为"has been turned into，"日用品"affordable commodities，或daily goods/daily necessities，"大众使用的"作后置定语，应用定语从句the general public use，关系代词that或which作宾语，可以省略。
故填：With the advancement of times，many electronic devices that were regarded as luxury possessions has been turned into affordable commodities/daily goods/daily necessities the general public use.
【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
Guided WritingDirections：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
26．假设你是启明中学高三学生李华，你的朋友发邮件告诉你他正在和同学一起筹划明年暑假的毕业旅行，已设计了两个初步方案（具体如下），但选择哪个方案更合适尚未定夺，他想听取你的建议。请给Bill回复一封邮件，在邮件中你必须：
1）推荐其中一个方案：
2）通过比较两个方案的信息，说明你推荐该方案的理由。
相关信息
方案一
方案二
时间
2022年6月下旬
2022年7月中旬
时长
1日游
5日游
地点
上海某个郊区
上海周边某省
经费
500元
3000元
【分析】高分句型一：Compared with common scenes in Shanghai suburbs，Jiangsu Province，especially the city of Su Zhou，boasts a galaxy of natural and human landscape.
译文：与上海郊区的普通景色相比，江苏省，尤其是苏州市，拥有一个自然和人文景观的星系。
分析：这句话使用过去分词短语作状语。
高分句型二：The best time to visit it is in mid﹣July when you can avoid flocks of tourists and even enjoy half﹣price ticket!
译文：参观的最佳时间是7月中旬，届时您可以避开成群结队的游客，甚至可以享受半价票！
分析：这句话使用when引导定语从句修饰in mid﹣July。
【解答】Dear Bill，
I am so delighted to hear that you are going to travel around Shanghai with your classmates this summer holiday.In my humble opinion，you will find Jiangsu Province well worth exploring.（推荐其中一个方案）
Compared with common scenes in Shanghai suburbs，Jiangsu Province，especially the city of Su Zhou，boasts a galaxy of natural and human landscape.【高分句型一】The best time to visit it is in mid﹣July when you can avoid flocks of tourists and even enjoy half﹣price ticket! 【高分句型二】Therefore，one﹣month waiting will be rewarding!It roughly takes you three days to explore the best﹣known tourist sites without haste.Contrarily，you will be on the run all the time one a one﹣day trip around Shanghai.Besides，for your reference，you are recommended to keep at least ￥3000 handy.Never cut down on your travel budget!（推荐该方案的理由）
Should you seek further information about travel routes，I would be glad to help you.（希望）
Yours，
Li Hua
【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
声明：试题解析著作权属菁优网所有，未经书面同意，不得复制发布日期：2022/8/4 19:37:19；用户：李超；邮箱：lichao317807156@126.com；学号：19716718