专题16 地理环境—备战2022高考英语话题通关（词汇 阅读 写作）

专题16 地理环境—备战2022高考英语话题通关（词汇+阅读+写作）

一：话题词汇过关

1.position n.位置

2.capital n.首都;省会

3.countryside n.乡下;农村

4.border n.边界;国界;边沿 vt.& vi.与……接壤;接近

5.surround vt.& vi.包围;围绕

6.international adj.国际的

7.jungle n.丛林;密林

8.local adj.当地的

9.range n.种类;范围;(山脉、房屋等的)排列

10.landmark n.地标性建筑

11.ocean n.海洋;大海

12.geography n.地理

13.harbour n.(美 harbor)海港

14.fresh adj.新的;新鲜的;新颖的

15.state n.州;政府;状态;状况

16.located adj.位于

17.situated adj.坐落(某处)的;位于(某处)的

18.urban adj.城市的;市镇的

19.steep adj.险峻的;陡峭的

20.stream n.小河;溪流

21.corner n.角落;角

22.spot n.地点;景点　vt.发现;认出

23.population n.人口

24.variety n.种类;多样性

25.distance n.距离;远方

distant adj.远处的;遥远的

26.divide vt.分;划分

division n.(算术用语)除;分开

27.mountain n.山;(常用复数)山脉

mountainous adj.多山的;巨大的

28.mineral n.矿物质

29.coastal adj.近海的;沿海的

30.native adj.本地的;本国的

31.remote adj.偏远的

32.cover vt.包含;覆盖;占(一片面积)

33.westward adv.向西　adj.向西的;朝西的

34.finance n.资金;财政;财务

35.industry n.工业;产业

36.influence n.& vt.影响

37.scarce adj.缺乏的;不足的

38.broad adj.宽阔的;广泛的

39.bush n.灌木(丛);矮树(丛)

40.crowd n.人群;观众　vt.挤满;使拥挤

41.measure vi.& vt.测量;衡量;判定　n.计量制;计量单位;措施

42.valley n.山谷;溪谷

43.desert n.沙漠　vt.舍弃;遗弃

44.downtown adj.市区的　adv.在市区;往市区

45.eastward adv.向东adj.向东的;朝东的

46.basin n.盆地

47.forest n.森林

48.hillside n.(小山)山腰;山坡

49.mainland n.大陆

50.opposite prep.在……对面

二：话题短语表达过关

1.be surrounded by/with被……包围

2.take on a new look呈现新面貌

3.in possession of占有;拥有

4.with/have a history of有……的历史

5.cover an area of面积有……

6.as far as远到;直到;至于

7.a wide variety of food种类繁多的食物

8.divide...into把……分成

9.have a population of有……人口

10.what impresses you most is probably that...你印象最深刻的可能是……

11.in the distance在远处

12.in the long run从长远来看

13.serve as当……用

14.enjoy yourself hearing birds singing in trees听鸟儿在树上唱歌

15.watch fish swimming in clear water看鱼儿在清澈的水中游泳

三：话题句型练笔

1.Located in the south of China,Guangzhou is considered as one of the most modern cities in our country.

广州位于中国的南部,被认为是我国最现代化的城市之一。

2.China lies in the east of Asia and on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.

中国位于亚洲东部,太平洋的西岸。

3.New Zealand is an island country which lies off the eastern coast of Australia.It is made up of two major islands.

新西兰是一个位于澳大利亚东海岸附近的岛国。它由两个主要岛屿组成。

4.As we can enjoy,the scenery is beautiful and the air is fresh,attracting a number of tourists from all over the world.

正如我们所喜欢的,这里风景优美,空气新鲜,吸引了许多来自世界各地的游客。

5.Britain,with an area of 244,100 square kilometres and a population of 65,640,000,is located in the northwest of the European Continent,surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean.

英国占地24.41万平方千米,人口6 564万,位于欧洲大陆西北部,被大西洋包围。

四：话题阅读训练

（A）

Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.

Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.

But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.  The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.

1.What attracted the early settlers to New York City?

A. Its business culture.

B. Its small population.

C. Its geographical position.

D. Its favourable climate.

2.What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?

A. Two-thirds of them stayed there.

B. One out of five people got rich.

C. Almost everyone gave up.

D. Half of them died.

3.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?

A. They found the city too crowded.

B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.

C. They were unable to stand the winter.

D. They were short of food.

4.What is the text mainly about?

A. The rise and fall of a city.

B. The gold rush in Canada.

C. Journeys into the wilderness.

D. Tourism in Dawson.

参考答案：

1.C根据第一段中的"New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million"可推知，由于纽约市地处哈德逊河入海口，其优越的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者。C选项"Its geographical position"正确。A选项"它的贸易文化"，B选项"它的少量人口"，D选项"它的有利气候"在文中均无信息支撑。

2.B根据第二段中的"Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich"可知，在最先的两万淘金者中，有4 000人变得富有了，换言之，即有五分之一的人(One out of five people)变得富有了，故答案为B。A项属无中生有，文中并未提及最先到达道森的20，000人中有三分之二的人留在了那里；C项说几乎大家都放弃了，这与下文描述的五分之一的人变得富有矛盾；文中第二段提到在前往道森的途中，雪崩造成了63人死亡，并非是10,000人死亡，故D项错误。

3.B根据第三段中的"But soon...and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come"可知，当道森的黄金都被发掘后，人们听说在阿拉斯加发现了新的金矿，他们便很快离开道森了。由此可推知，他们是想去阿拉斯加碰碰运气。A项属偷换概念，文中说的是 "The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down." （这个城市到处都是感到失望且无心定居下来的人们）。C项属无中生有，文中并未说他们不能忍受这里的冬季。D项属曲解文意，文章提到 "Necessities like food and wood were very expensive" （诸如食品和木材这样的生活必需品非常昂贵），并非是说他们缺少食品。

4.A本文主要以道森为例，讲述了城市的兴衰，故A项正确。B项"加拿大淘金热"，以偏概全;C项"荒野之旅"，曲解文意;D项"道森的旅游业"，不符合文意。

（B）

Men hunted. Women gathered. That has long been the common view of our prehistoric ancestors. But the discovery of a woman buried 9000 years ago in the Andes Mountains with weapons and hunting tools, and an analysis of other burial sites in the Americas challenges this widely accepted division of labor in hunter-gatherer society.

“Labor practices among recent hunter-gatherer societies are highly gendered, which might lead some to believe that sexist inequalities in things like pay or rank are somehow 'natural' , ”said lead study author Randy Haas, an assistant professor of anthropology (人类学) at University of California, Davis, in a news release. "But it's now clear that sexual division of labor was fundamentally different-likely more equal and reasonable-in our species deep hunter-gatherer past."

The burial site was discovered in 2018 during excavations (发掘) at a high-altitude site called Wilamaya Patjxa in what is now Peru. The woman, thought to be between 17 and 19 years old when she died, was buried with items that suggested she hunted big-game animals.

Although some scholars have suggested a role for women in ancient hunting, others have dismissed this idea even when hunting tools were uncovered in female burials. To examine whether this woman found at this site was an outlier, the researchers examined 429 skeletons (骷髅) at 107 burials sites in North and South America around 8000 to 14000 years ago. Of those, 27 individuals were buried with hunting tools—11 were female and 15 were male. The sample was sufficient to "support the conclusion that female participation in early big-game hunting was likely not unusual".

The findings add to doubts about man — the hunter assumption that informed much thinking about early humans since the mid-20th century. “They suggest hunting was very much a community-based activity, needing the participation of all able-bodied individuals to drive large animals”, the paper said. The weapon of choice at that time had low accuracy, encouraging broad participation, and using it was a skill learned from childhood.

1．What does the recent burial site at Andes Mountains show?

A．The origin of sexual inequality.

B．Hunting skills of ancient times.

C．The social system of prehistoric hunters.

D．Job division of hunter-gatherer society.

2．Which of the following might Randy Haas agree with?

A．Gender plays no part in recent hunter-gatherer society.

B．Sexist inequality is a natural result of prehistoric society.

C．Ancient division of labor might be fairer than we'd thought.

D．Public ideas of women's role will be changed abruptly.

3．What does the underlined word "outlier" in Paragraph 4 mean?

A．Exception.    B．Failure.       C．Role model. D．Easy target.

4．What might make prehistoric hunting a community-based activity?

A．Lack of able-bodied individuals.

B．Imperfection in hunting weapons.

C．Better accuracy of females in hunting.

D．Need for large animals as food source.

参考答案：

1．根据第一段中“But the discovery of a woman buried 9000 years ago in the Andes Mountains with weapons and hunting tools, and an analysis of other burial sites in the Americas challenges this widely accepted division of labor in hunter-gatherer society. (但是，在安第斯山脉发现了一名9000年前埋葬的妇女有武器和打猎工具，并对美洲其他埋葬地点进行了分析，这对狩猎采集社会中这种被广泛接受的劳动分工提出了挑战)”可知，在安第斯山脉发现的这些埋葬点挑战了狩猎采集社会中的劳动分工，也就是表明了我们所没有想到的狩猎采集社会中的劳动分工。故选D。

2．根据第二段中“But it's now clear that sexual division of labor was fundamentally different-likely more equal and reasonable-in our species deep hunter-gatherer past. (但现在很清楚，在我们的狩猎-采集历史中，性别分工有着根本的不同，可能更为平等和合理)”可知，Randy Haas认为古代的劳动分工可能比我们想的更公平，故选C。

3。根据第四段中“To examine whether this woman found at this site was an outlier, the researchers examined 429 skeletons (骷髅) at 107 burials sites in North and South America around 8000 to 14000 years ago. Of those, 27 individuals were buried with hunting tools—11 were female and 15 were male. The sample was sufficient to "support the conclusion that female participation in early big-game hunting was likely not unusual". (为了检验在这一地点发现的这名妇女是否是一个outlier，研究人员调查了8000年至14000年前北美和南美107个墓葬地点的429具骨骼。其中，27人和狩猎工具一起被埋葬，其中11人是女性，15人是男性。这一样本足以 “支持女性参与早期大型狩猎活动可能并不罕见的结论”)”可知，研究者研究了不同历史时期，很多不同地方的大量墓葬，发现很多女性是狩猎者，同时表明了女性参与早期大型狩猎活动可能并不罕见，所以这也检验这位狩猎的女性不是一个例外，故选A。

4．根据最后一段中“The weapon of choice at that time had low accuracy, encouraging broad participation, and using it was a skill learned from childhood. (当时选择的武器准确度低，鼓励广泛参与，使用它是从小就要学的技能)”可知，狩猎武器的不完善，所以就鼓励大家广泛参与，也就使史前的狩猎活动以群体为基础，故选B。

五：话题写作训练

（A）

假定你是李华,请结合以下要点给某英语网站投稿,向外国朋友介绍自己的家乡。

1.家乡基本情况;

2.家乡特色。

注意:

1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯:

My hometown is a mountain village with a history of over 200 years.It has a population of more than 800.It covers an area of 10 square kilometres.

People here live in harmony with nature.There is a river flowing across the village.When you arrive here,you can enjoy yourself hearing birds singing in trees and watching fish swimming in clear water.What impresses you most is probably that the air is fresh to breathe,and there is a wide variety of food to taste and the local customs are unique.This is a dream place for you to get close to nature.

All guests are welcome and it is worth a visit.

（B）

假设你是晨光中学的李津。我市为外国友人提供生活信息的某英文网站新增了 《最美中华》栏目，请你给该栏目投稿，介绍一个国内你喜欢或去过的地方。内容包括：

(1)该地方的基本情况(如名称、地理位置等)；

(2)该地方的特色(如文化、景点等)；

(3)你对该地方的印象和感受。

注意：(1)词数不少于100；

(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。

A Beautiful Place in China

March 19, 2021

By Li Jin

Sichuan Province is located in southwestern part of China. It enjoys many world-famous places of interest, such as Jiuzhaigou and Dujiangyan Irrigation project.

Jiuzhaigou National Park is a nature reserve in the north of Sichuan Province. What is the most impressive is its many multi-level waterfalls and colorful lakes. What’s more , walking in the nature reserve, you have a chance to see rare animals like giant pandas, golden monkeys. There are also many species of rare plants protected here. Another famous scenic spot is Dujiangyan Irrigation Project. It dates from over 2,000 years ago. However, it is still playing an important part in irrigation today.

I’m sure the visitors will be amazed by the beautiful scenery in Jiazhaigou as well as the construction Dujiangyan Irrigation Project.