专题15 环境保护—备战2022高考英语话题通关（词汇 阅读 写作）

专题15 环境保护—备战2022高考英语话题通关（词汇+阅读+写作）

一：话题词汇过关

1.damage n.& vt.毁坏;损害

destroy vt.破坏;毁坏

2.environment n.环境

3.eco-friendly/environment-friendly adj.环保的

4.urgent adj.急迫的;紧要的

5.duty n.责任;义务

6.preserve vt.保护;保存;保留

7.prevent vt.防止;预防

8.recycle vt.回收;再循环

9.reserve n.& v.储备;预定

10.rubbish n.垃圾;废物

11.ruin vt.毁坏

12.waste n.废料

13.pollute vt.污染

polluted adj.被污染的

pollution n.污染

14.protect vt.保护

protection n.保护

15.punish vt.惩罚;处罚

punishment n.惩罚

16.short adj.短的;矮的

shortage n.缺少;不足

17.advocate v.拥护;支持;提倡

18.consequence n.结果;后果;影响

consequently adv.因此;所以

19.burden v.(使)担负　n.重担;负担

20.meanwhile adv.同时

21.dirty adj.脏的

22.dust n.灰尘;尘土

dusty adj.满是灰尘的

23.frightened adj.受惊吓的;害怕的

frightening adj.令人恐惧的

24.noise n.噪声;喧闹声

noisy adj.吵闹的;嘈杂的

25.challenge n.挑战(性)

challenging adj.具有挑战性的

26.proper adj.恰当的,合适的

properly adv.适当地

27.permit vt.许可,允许;执照　n.许可证

permission n.允许,许可,同意

28.volunteer v.& n.(做)志愿者

29.atmosphere n.大气;气氛

30.bare adj.裸露的;(土地)荒芜的

31.conservation n.保存;(自然资源的)保护;管理

32.decline v.减少;下降;衰退;谢绝

decrease v.减少;变小

33.deliberately adv.蓄意地;审慎地

34.dustbin n.垃圾箱

35.harmony n.和谐

harmonious adj.和谐的

36.forecast vt.预报;预告

37.fuel n.燃料

38.irrigate v.灌溉

39.steady adj.稳固的;平稳的

40.threaten v.威胁

41.litter vt.乱扔

42.energy n.能源;能量

43.resource n.资源

44.rubbish/garbage n.垃圾

45.haze/smog n.雾霾

46.severe adj.严重的

47.poisonous adj.有毒的

48.extinction n.灭绝

49.overlook vt.忽略;眺望

50.affect vt.影响

二：话题短语表达过关

1.live/advocate a low-carbon life过/提倡低碳生活

2.make proper use of water resources合理利用水资源

3.raise the awareness of唤醒……意识

4.global warming全球变暖

5.greenhouse effect温室效应

6.climate change气候变化

7.white pollution白色污染

8.environmental protection环境保护

9.deal with rubbish properly正确处理垃圾  sort the garbage分类垃圾

10.result in导致

11.save and treasure our resources节约并珍惜我们的资源

12.to one’s relief令某人宽慰的是

13.use up/run out of用完;用尽

14.do great harm to our daily life对我们的日常生活非常有害

15.go against nature违背自然规律

16.develop renewable resources发展可再生资源

17.contribute to有助于

18.a sense of responsibility责任感

19.bring...under control 控制

20.call on/appeal to sb to do sth号召/呼吁某人做某事

21.come about发生;造成

22.nature reserve自然保护区

23.live in harmony with与……和谐相处

24.get involved参与

25.enjoy a more harmonious environment享受更加和谐的环境

26.ban smoking in public禁止在公共场合吸烟

27.control the number of cars控制汽车的数量

28.take public means of transportation乘坐公共交通工具

29.improve the quality of life提高生活质量

30.improve our living conditions改善我们的居住条件

31.don’t litter/spit everywhere不要随地扔垃圾/吐痰

32.household food waste湿垃圾

residual waste干垃圾

recyclable waste可回收垃圾

hazardous waste有害垃圾

33.environment-friendly products环保产品

34.Only One Earth,Care and Share只有一个地球——一齐关心,共同分享

35.be faced with/face/come across/meet with all kinds of difficulties面对各种困难

三：话题句型练笔

1.As far as I’m concerned,it is everyone’s duty to protect the earth.

在我看来,保护地球是每个人的责任。

2.It is time that we human beings took/should take proper measures to keep the balance of nature.

该是我们人类采取适当的措施来维护生态平衡的时候了。

3.With the number of cars increasing fast in our city,our environment is getting increasingly worse.

在我们的城市,随着汽车数量的快速增长,我们的环境正急剧恶化。

4.Pollution is an issue that crosses national boundaries.

污染是一个不分国界的问题。

5.Large amounts of rubbish and waste water are being poured into the river;as a consequence,water sources have become badly polluted.

大量的垃圾和废水正涌入河流,结果,水资源被严重污染。

6.We have adopted effective measures to control water contamination in our area.

我们采取了有效的措施来治理我们这个地区的水污染。

7.Accordingly/Consequently/As a result,it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that people are more and more aware of the importance of environmental protection.

因此,不难得出结论,人们越来越意识到环境保护的重要性了。

8.Faced with this situation,we are supposed to raise the awareness of environmental protection.

面对这种情况,我们应该提高环境保护的意识。

四：话题阅读训练

（A）

Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists, and it is easy to see why South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing a loss of forest on a large scale: every year almost 5 million hectares （公顷） are lost. But forests are also changing in rich Western countries. They are growing larger, both in the sense that they occupy more and that the trees in them and bigger. What is going on?

Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries, with fastest growth in places that historically had rather few trees. In 1990 28% of Spain was forests; now the proportion is 37%. In both Greece and Italy, the growth was from 26% to 32% over the same period. Forests are gradually taking more and in America and Australia. Perhaps most astonishing is the trend in Ireland. Roughly 1% of that country was forested when it became independent in 1922. Forests cover 11% of the land, and the government wants to push the proportion to 18% by the 2040s.

Two things are fertilizing this growth. The first is the abandonment of farmland,especially in high, dry places where nothing grows terribly well. When farmers give up trying to earn a living from farming or herding trees simply move in. The second is government policy and subsidy（补贴）. Throughout history,governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons, ranging from the need for wooden warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building. Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air. The justification change; desire for more trees remains constant.

The greening of the West does not delight everyone. Farmers complain that land is being taken out of use by generously subsidized tree plantations. Parts of Spain and Portugal suffer from terrible forest fires. Others simply dislike the appearance of forests planted in neat rows. They will have to get used to the trees, however. The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.

1．What is catching environmentalist's attention nowadays?

A．Rich countries are robbing poor ones of their resources.

B．Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.

C．Forests are eating away the fertile farmland worldwide.

D．Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation.

2．Which countries have the fastest forest growth?

A．Those that have newly achieved independence.

B．Those that have the greatest demand for timber.

C．Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.

D．Those that provide enormous government subsidies.

3．What account for our increasing desire for forests?

A．Their unique scenic beauty.

B．Their use as fruit plantation.

C．Their capability of improving air quality.

D．Their stable supply of building materials.

4．What does the author conclude about the future of forestation?

A．Deserts in sub-Saharan Africa will decrease gradually.

B．It will play a more and more important role in people's lives.

C．Forests destruction in the developing world will quickly slow down.

D．Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite direction.

参考答案：

1．由文章第一段“Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists, and it is easy to see why South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing a loss of forest on a large scale: every year almost 5 million hectares are lost.”（像巴西和刚果这样的国家的森林受到了环保主义者的广泛关注，同时很容易理解为什么南美洲和撒哈拉以南的非洲正在经历大规模的森林消失：每年几乎有500万公顷的森林消失。）可知，在许多发展中国家，森林正在迅速萎缩，这件事引发了环境保护者的关注。故选B项。

2．由文章第二段“Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries, with fastest growth in places that historically had rather few trees. ”（森林在几乎所有的西方国家都在蔓延，在历史上树木较少的地方增长最快。）可知，森林在历史上树木罕见的地方增长最快。故选C项。

3．由文章第三段“Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air.”（现在森林越来越受欢迎，因为它们吸收空气中的碳污染。）可知，森林能够吸收碳污染，从而改善空气质量，因此，我们对于森林的渴望与日俱增。故选C项。

4．由文章第一段“Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists, and it is easy to see why South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing a loss of forest on a large scale: every year almost 5 million hectares are lost.”（像巴西和刚果这样的国家的森林受到了环保主义者的广泛关注，同时很容易理解为什么南美洲和撒哈拉以南的非洲正在经历大规模的森林消失：每年几乎有500万公顷的森林消失。）和最后一段“The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.”（西方森林的增长似乎和其他地方的森林砍伐一样不可阻挡。）可知，西方发达国家的森林不断增长，发展中国家的森林在迅速减少，它们向着完全相反的两个方向发展。故选D项。

（B）

You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.

At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.

In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.

Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.

1. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?

A. Beautifying the city he lives in. 

B. Introducing eco-friendly products.

C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. 

D. Reducing garbage on the beach.

2. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?

A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.

B. To explain why they are useful.

C. To voice his views on modern art.

D. To find a substitute for them.

3. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?

A. Calming. B. Disturbing.    C. Refreshing. D. Challenging.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety

B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art

C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies

D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures

参考答案：

1。根据第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王（Benjamin Von Wong）想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”可知，Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C项。

2。根据第三段“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.(全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。)”可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难。故选A项。

3。根据倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知，这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾入海洋，刷新了观众对海洋塑料污染的认知，由此可推断，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋造成污染这件事感到不安。故选B项。

4。通读全文，结合第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then                        tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all            at once.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。

五：话题写作训练

（A）

假定你是李华，受学生会委托，围绕“垃圾分类，保护环境”这一主题，为学校宣传栏 “英语天地”写一封倡议书，内容包括：

1.倡议的原因和目的；2.倡议的具体内容；3.发出倡议。

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使全文连贯。

参考文章

Dear fiends,

A lot of rubbish is produced in our school every day, which brings a wide range of environmental problems as well as the waste of resources. Therefore, it's time that we took immediate action to change the situation.

To start with, it is vital for us to raise awareness of environmental protection and develop the good habit of garbage sorting. Furthermore, we are supposed to voluntarily differentiate recyclable rubbish from non-recyclables in our daily life, Meanwhile, the concept of saving resources should be established among us. Only when we attach great importance to our action can our campus be more beautiful.Let's make joint efforts to embrace a greener and better future.

Yours,

Li Hua

（B）

假设你是李华,是光明中学的学生会主席,你校打算以“垃圾分类,人人参与”为主题进行一次全校范围的环保宣讲活动,请你以学生会主席的身份用英语写一份演讲稿,要点如下:

1.介绍垃圾的几种分类;

2.谈谈垃圾分类的意义;

3.你对学生的建议。

注意:

1.词数100左右,可适当增加细节以使行文连贯;

2.参考词汇:湿垃圾household food waste　干垃圾residual waste　可回收垃圾recyclable waste　有害垃圾hazardous waste

Dear students,

With more waste produced every day,it’s time that we took some measures to carry out waste sorting.

Waste can generally be divided into four sorts,household food waste,residual waste,recyclable waste and hazardous waste.If these wastes cannot be collected properly,not only will they do harm to our environment,but also they have a bad influence on people’s health.We students’ small actions can make a big difference,such as packing rubbish separately,serving as volunteers to raise people’s awareness.

As long as everyone gets involved,we are sure to turn the waste into treasure.