专题14 自然灾害—备战2022高考英语话题通关（词汇 阅读 写作）

这是一份专题14 自然灾害—备战2022高考英语话题通关（词汇 阅读 写作），共8页。试卷主要包含了damage n，envirnment n，urgent adj，duty n，preserve vt，prevent vt，recycle vt，reserve n等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题15 环境保护—备战2022高考英语话题通关（词汇+阅读+写作）目录内容板块一话题词汇过关板块二话题短语表达过关板块三话题句型练笔板块四话题阅读训练板块五话题写作训练一：话题词汇过关
1.damage n.& vt.毁坏;损害destroy vt.破坏;毁坏2.environment n.环境3.eco-friendly/environment-friendly adj.环保的4.urgent adj.急迫的;紧要的5.duty n.责任;义务6.preserve vt.保护;保存;保留7.prevent vt.防止;预防8.recycle vt.回收;再循环9.reserve n.& v.储备;预定10.rubbish n.垃圾;废物11.ruin vt.毁坏12.waste n.废料13.pollute vt.污染polluted adj.被污染的pollution n.污染14.protect vt.保护protection n.保护15.punish vt.惩罚;处罚punishment n.惩罚16.short adj.短的;矮的shortage n.缺少;不足17.advocate v.拥护;支持;提倡18.consequence n.结果;后果;影响consequently adv.因此;所以19.burden v.(使)担负　n.重担;负担20.meanwhile adv.同时21.dirty adj.脏的22.dust n.灰尘;尘土dusty adj.满是灰尘的23.frightened adj.受惊吓的;害怕的frightening adj.令人恐惧的24.noise n.噪声;喧闹声noisy adj.吵闹的;嘈杂的25.challenge n.挑战(性)challenging adj.具有挑战性的26.proper adj.恰当的,合适的properly adv.适当地27.permit vt.许可,允许;执照　n.许可证permission n.允许,许可,同意28.volunteer v.& n.(做)志愿者29.atmosphere n.大气;气氛30.bare adj.裸露的;(土地)荒芜的31.conservation n.保存;(自然资源的)保护;管理32.decline v.减少;下降;衰退;谢绝decrease v.减少;变小33.deliberately adv.蓄意地;审慎地34.dustbin n.垃圾箱35.harmony n.和谐harmonious adj.和谐的36.forecast vt.预报;预告37.fuel n.燃料38.irrigate v.灌溉39.steady adj.稳固的;平稳的40.threaten v.威胁41.litter vt.乱扔42.energy n.能源;能量43.resource n.资源44.rubbish/garbage n.垃圾45.haze/smog n.雾霾46.severe adj.严重的47.poisonous adj.有毒的48.extinction n.灭绝49.overlook vt.忽略;眺望50.affect vt.影响
二：话题短语表达过关
1.live/advocate a low-carbon life过/提倡低碳生活2.make proper use of water resources合理利用水资源3.raise the awareness of唤醒……意识4.global warming全球变暖5.greenhouse effect温室效应6.climate change气候变化7.white pollution白色污染8.environmental protection环境保护9.deal with rubbish properly正确处理垃圾  sort the garbage分类垃圾10.result in导致11.save and treasure our resources节约并珍惜我们的资源12.to one’s relief令某人宽慰的是13.use up/run out of用完;用尽14.do great harm to our daily life对我们的日常生活非常有害15.go against nature违背自然规律16.develop renewable resources发展可再生资源17.contribute to有助于18.a sense of responsibility责任感19.bring...under control 控制20.call on/appeal to sb to do sth号召/呼吁某人做某事21.come about发生;造成22.nature reserve自然保护区23.live in harmony with与……和谐相处24.get involved参与25.enjoy a more harmonious environment享受更加和谐的环境26.ban smoking in public禁止在公共场合吸烟27.control the number of cars控制汽车的数量28.take public means of transportation乘坐公共交通工具29.improve the quality of life提高生活质量30.improve our living conditions改善我们的居住条件31.don’t litter/spit everywhere不要随地扔垃圾/吐痰32.household food waste湿垃圾residual waste干垃圾recyclable waste可回收垃圾hazardous waste有害垃圾33.environment-friendly products环保产品34.Only One Earth,Care and Share只有一个地球——一齐关心,共同分享35.be faced with/face/come across/meet with all kinds of difficulties面对各种困难三：话题句型练笔1.The national park has a large collection of wildlife,ranging from butterflies to elephants.国家公园有大量的野生动物,从蝴蝶到大象都有。2.Recent years have seen a big increase in natural disasters,such as earthquakes,hurricanes and floods,which are big threats to people’s lives.最近几年自然灾害频发,例如地震、飓风、洪水等,它们严重地危害了人们的生命安全。3.All animals and plants are important,because each species contributes to the variety of life forms on the Earth and plays an important role in maintaining life.所有动植物都是重要的,因为每一个物种都有助于地球上生命种类的多样性的形成,而且对维持生命起着重要的作用。4.The earthquake caused structural damage to most of the buildings in the town.这次地震给城镇的大部分建筑造成了结构性的破坏。5.There was a time when life was very hard for them.曾经有过一段时期,他们的生活非常艰难。四：话题阅读训练（A）On December 26,2004,hundreds of tourists relaxed on Sri Lanka’s Yala National Park’s beaches.But at mid-morning the park’s elephants began crying wildly and running away from the ocean and up a nearby hill.The puzzled keepers could tell the animals were worried about something.But what?What the keepers did not know was that a 30-foot wall of water was headed straight toward them.This tsunami had been caused by an earthquake more than 1,000 miles away in the Indian Ocean.When the huge wave hit the coast,it caused severe damage.Many people died.The elephants,however,were not swept away by the water.They stood safely on the hill.Scientists have long suspected that animals sense natural disasters before humans do.People have told stories of dogs refusing to go outside and sharks swimming to deeper waters before a hurricane.After the 2004 tsunami,people said they saw tigers,monkeys,and water buffalo escaping to higher ground before the waters rushed in.Even in the hardest-hit areas of southern Asia,there were few animal deaths.It’s unlikely that an animal’s so-called sixth sense comes from some magical power to see into the future.Experts believe that animals may be more sensitive than humans to changes in temperature and other environmental conditions that take place before a natural disaster.The elephants in Sri Lanka,for example,may have picked up vibrations (震动) from within the Earth,a sign that danger was coming.Because vibrations in the ground travel much faster than an ocean wave,the elephants may have felt the earthquake that caused the tsunami well before the tsunami itself came to the coast.A few scientists are calling for a system to track reports of strange behavior in people’s pets,hoping that these reports can serve as a warning system that a natural disaster is about to happen.But Marina Haynes,an animal behavior scientist at the Philadelphia Zoo,says,“It would be an unreliable way to predict disasters.It can be difficult to know what an animal is doing.Is the animal nervous because an earthquake is about to happen or is it frightened because there is an enemy nearby?1.What happened to the elephants in Sri Lanka’s Yala National Park on December 26,2004?A.They died in the natural disaster.B.They were disturbed by the tourists.C.They moved from the hill to the seaside.D.They behaved strangely before the tsunami.2.How did the author present animals’ sixth sense in Paragraph 3?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A.By giving examples.B.By making comparisons.C.By showing research findings.D.By telling an interesting story.3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?A.The advantages of being sensitive.B.The influences of the natural disaster.C.How animals predict a natural disaster.D.How elephants make use of their sixth sense.4.What is Haynes’ attitude towards a warning system?A.Delighted.   B.Doubtful.     C.Hopeful.   D.Disappointed.参考答案：1.D　根据第一段中的“But at mid-morning the park’s elephants began crying wildly...But what?”再结合下文海啸来临的描述可知,大象在海啸来临之前表现得很反常。2.A　根据第三段中的“People have told stories of dogs refusing to go outside...and water buffalo escaping to higher ground before the waters rushed in.”可知,作者用举例子的手法展现出动物能够提前感知自然灾害的能力。3.C　根据第四段中的“Experts believe that animals may be more sensitive than humans...before a natural disaster.”及斯里兰卡大象如何提前感知到海啸来临的例子可知,该段主要介绍了动物是如何预测自然灾害的。4.B　根据最后一段Haynes所说的话可知,Haynes认为这种通过观察动物异常行为来预测自然灾害的预警机制不可靠,因为人们很难分辨动物异常行为背后的真正缘由,所以她持怀疑态度。（B） When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn't cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion(时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can't handle this non-native species(物种). It's destroying the environment. It's them or us,”says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton's job these days is trying to promote fur.Then there's Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that's going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She's trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.5.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A.To promote guilt-free fur.B.To expand the fashion market.C.To introduce a new brand.D.To celebrate a winter holiday.6.Why are scientists concerned about nutria?A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.B.Nutria are an endangered species.C.Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.D.Nutria are illegally hunted.7.What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A.Boomed.　　               B.Became mature.　　C.Remained stable.　　        D.Crashed.8.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A.It's formal.　　             B.It's risky.C.It's harmful.　　            D.It's traditional.参考答案：5.A　 本题题干意为:新奥尔良和布鲁克林时装秀的目的是什么?根据第一段第二句(不过,一些生态学家和时装爱好者正试图让海狸鼠毛皮市场复苏),以及第二段Cree McCree所说的话(除非你了解海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片的湿地,否则毫无愧疚地谈论毛皮听起来很不理智)可推断出A项(毫无愧疚地销售毛皮)正确。B:拓展时装市场;C:介绍新的品牌;D:庆祝寒假。6.A　本题题干意为:为什么科学家很担心海狸鼠?根据第四段第一句可知海狸鼠是由阿根廷引进的非本地物种,再结合Michael Massimi所说的话(那里的生态系统无法处理这个非本地物种。它正在破坏环境)可知A项(海狸鼠严重破坏了生态系统)正确。B:海狸鼠是濒危物种;C:海狸鼠危害了当地体型如猫般大小的动物;D:海狸鼠被非法捕猎。7.D　本题题干意为:第五段中的画线单词“collapsed”可能是什么意思?根据第五段中的but可知,上文(毛皮贸易控制了海狸鼠几十年)与下文(当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末　　　,这种猫般大小的动物疯狂地繁殖)存在转折关系,可推断出市场应该是“垮掉”了。故选D。A:繁荣;B:变得成熟;C:保持稳定。 8.B　本题题干意为:根据Morgan关于在纽约穿皮草,我们能推断出什么?根据最后一段第二句Morgan说的话(给人们一个没有负罪感的选择,他们穿着皮草,却没有人朝他们泼油漆——我觉得那将是一件大事,至少在纽约是这样)可推断出B项(它是有危险的)正确。A:它是正式的;C:它是有害的;D:它是传统的。五：话题写作训练（A）假如你是校报英语栏目的一名小记者。你校举办了一场关于地震自救的讲座(lecture)。请你用英语为校报写一篇新闻报道。内容包括：1．时间及地点；2．讲座内容及主讲人；3．参加者；4．收获感想。参考文章This afternoon all the teachers and students in our school attended  a lecture concerning how to survive an earthquake．The lecture was given by professor Wang from a famous university in the school hall.In the lecture，professor Wang told us the signs of a coming earthquake and dos and don’t during and after an earthquake．We all listened and  took notes carefully.It was after the lecture  that a video about earthquake was shown.We all realize how important it is to stay safe during an earthquake, because even a little knowledge can  increase our chances of surviving an earthquake or any other type of disasters.（B）假定你是李华,请你根据以下提示向国际野生动物组织写一封投诉信,反映非法捕猎海洋生物的现象。1.非法捕猎越来越严重;2.由于在全世界鲸鱼成为非法捕猎的对象,五年来它的数目在急剧减少;3.我们曾经毁掉森林,带来了干旱和洪水;如果不能阻止非法捕猎海洋生物,我们将失去家园。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing to complain that the illegal hunt for ocean creatures is becoming from bad to worse.As a result,the past five years have witnessed the sharp decrease of the whale because it has been the main target of the illegal hunt in the whole world.The balance of nature destroyed,we will suffer a lot.There was a time when we were not aware of the importance of plants,and then drought and flood went hand in hand.If we did not stop the illegal hunt in the ocean,we would lose our home.We trust that you will now consider this matter seriously and make an effort to prevent the recurrence of this kind.Yours,Li Hua