专题12 历史人文—备战2022高考英语话题通关（词汇 阅读 写作）

专题12 历史人文—备战2022高考英语话题通关（词汇+阅读+写作）

一：话题词汇过关

1.museum n.博物馆;博物院

2.history n.历史;历史学

historic adj.历史上著名(或重要)的

historical adj.与历史有关的;史学的

3.former adj.以前的;从前的

4.found vt.成立;建立

5.local adj.本地的;当地的

native adj.本地的;当地的

domestic adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的

6.contribute v.贡献;捐献;捐助

contribution n.贡献;捐助

7.admire vt.钦佩;赞美;羡慕

8.appearance n.出现;露面;容貌

9.cheerful adj.兴高采烈的;快活的

10.confuse v.使迷惑;混淆

11.courage n.勇气;胆量

12.honest adj.诚实的;正直的

13.inspire vt.鼓舞;激励

14.ordinary adj.普通的;平常的

15.reasonable adj.合乎情理的

16.strict adj.严格的;严密的

17.wisdom n.智慧

18.enjoyable adj.令人愉快的;使人高兴的

19.curious adj.好奇的;奇异的

curiosity n.好奇心;求知欲

20.determine vt.决定;确定;下定决心

determined adj.坚决的;有决心的

determination n.决心;决定

21.preference n.喜爱;偏爱

22.character n.性格

23.warm-hearted adj.热心的

24.hard-working adj.勤奋的;工作努力的

25.responsible adj.有责任的;负责的

26.content adj.满足的;满意的

27.devoted adj.忠实的;深爱的

28.optimistic adj.乐观的

29.sympathetic adj.同情的

30.enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的

31.generous adj.慷慨的;大方的

32.appropriate adj.合适的;恰当的

33.brilliant adj.杰出的;聪颖的;技艺高的

34.gentle adj.温柔的;慈祥的

35.outstanding adj.优秀的;杰出的

36.personality n.性格

37.positive adj.积极的;明确的

38.rigid adj.死板的;僵硬的;固执的

39.sensitive adj.体贴的;善解人意的

40.stubborn adj.固执的;倔强的

41.thoughtful adj.考虑周到的

42.virtue n.美德;正直的品行;德行

43.ancestor n.祖先

44.conflict n.矛盾;冲突

45.monument n.纪念碑;纪念物

46.multicultural adj.多种文化的

47.nationwide adj.全国性的;全国范围的

48.prime adj.首要的;主要的;基本的

primitive adj.原始的;远古的

ancient adj.古代的;古老的

49.achieve vt.达到;完成

achievement n.成就;成绩;功绩

50.brave adj.勇敢的

bravery n.勇敢

51.confident adj.自信的

confidence n.自信

52.devote vt.(与to连用)献身;专心于

devotion n.奉献;献身;忠诚

53.energy n.精力

energetic adj.精力旺盛的

54.humour n.(美 humor)幽默;幽默感

humorous adj.富于幽默的

55.intelligence n.智力;才智;智慧

intelligent adj.聪明的;明智的

56.talent n.天才;天赋

talented adj.有才能的;有天赋的

57.mystery n.神秘;神秘的事物

mysterious adj.神秘的;不可思议的

58.occupy vt.攻占;忙于

occupation n.职业;占有

59.figure n.数字;图形;(人的)体形;人物;(绘画、雕刻)人物像

60.origin n.起源;起因

original adj.起初的;原来的

61.revolution n.革命

62.royal adj.王室的;皇家的;高贵的

63.sacrifice vt.牺牲,献出

64.slavery n.奴隶制度

65.splendid adj.壮丽的;辉煌的;极好的

66.union n.联合;联盟;结合;协会

67.abolish vt.废除

68.aggression n.侵略;挑衅

69.attack vt.进攻;袭击

invade v.侵略

invasion n.侵略;干预

70.dynasty n.朝代

period n.时期;时代

二：话题短语表达过关

1.in the early 1920s在20世纪20年代初

2.pass down使世代相传;流传

3.be rich in natural resources自然资源丰富

4.be situated/located in位于……

5.consist of由……组成

6.cultural relics文化遗产

7.the Silk Road丝绸之路

8.the Belt and Road Initiative“一带一路”倡议

9.economic and cultural development of the world世界经济文化发展

10.strengthen effective cooperation加强有效合作

11.own a diverse culture拥有多元文化

12.meet the challenge迎接挑战

13.promote the communication促进交流

14.my favourite figure我最喜欢的人

15.a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty晚清伟大的思想家

16.one of the greatest women in the world世界上最伟大的女人之一

17.make sense of理解;明白

18.at war在交战中   in peace和平地   declare war on对……宣战

19.overcome many difficulties克服很多困难

20.make up one’s mind to do sth下定决心做某事

21.help the poor帮助穷人

22.open many schools and hospitals开办许多学校和医院

23.break out(战争、火灾等)爆发

24.at the beginning of在……的初期

25.be proud of因……而自豪

26.open one’s eyes to the world放眼望世界

27.attract people throughout the world吸引全世界的人

28.award the Nobel Peace Prize授予诺贝尔和平奖

三：话题句型练笔

1.She was quite optimistic and energetic.She brought me a lot of happiness and courage.I learned something precious from her—belief in life.

她非常乐观有活力。她给我带来了许多快乐和勇气。我从她身上学到了一些宝贵的东西——要对生活有信心。

2.Owing to the fact that he can do whatever he has chosen to do with great perseverance,he has made great achievement in many fields.

由于他能够坚持不懈地做他所选择做的任何事情,所以他在很多领域都取得了伟大的成就。

3.Standing on the top of the hill is a monument,dating back to hundreds of years ago.

矗立在山顶上的是一座纪念碑,它可以追溯到几百年前。

4.The Belt and Road Initiative has been put forward by our government to encourage cooperation between China and other countries.

我国政府已提出“一带一路”倡议以鼓励中国和其他国家之间的合作。

5.There is no doubt that China’s Belt and Road Initiative has a great effect on all the relevant countries and contributes to the economic and cultural development of the world.

毫无疑问,中国的“一带一路”倡议对所有相关国家都有着很大的影响,有助于全世界经济和文化的发展。

四：话题阅读训练

（A）

Constructed in the third century BC, the Terracotta Army is a collection of clay sculptures presenting the forces of the First Emperor of China—Qinshihuang. The figures include more than 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses. Their varying clothes, facial features and body types have long impressed people. But historian Dan Snow says, “The amazing realism increases the great mystery surrounding these terracotta figures—where do they come from? They are nothing like any figure made in China before them. Something changed. Something remarkable happened here 2,200 years ago.”

Mr Snow explains historians have long believed ancient China remained separated from the rest of the world. But the Terracotta Army could disprove that theory.

The time of the First Emperor was around 220 BC, when, on the eastern edge of the Eurasian(欧亚的)landmass, was the Chinese worlds with competing mini states over there. Over on the west of Eurasia, the Roman Empire started to expand over here and Greece was a great power.

“What's going on artistically in the East and West is very different in the third century BC. The classic Greek art is easy to recognize, with the absolute high watermark of artistic expression, beautiful—a-metre-and-a-half tall, human in its look. But in the Chinese world, you've got just 10 cm tall, far more basic.” says Mr Snow. He continues, “Then something changes;in fact, everything changes—there's a revolution. Suddenly, in 220 BC you get the Terracotta Army light years ahead of what's gone before. It starts to look far less like before and far more like what's going on in the western world, both life-size, both lifelike, both attempts at realism.”

This couldn't be more important, because it's always been assumed that China developed in isolation(隔离). But if that's not the case, if the First Emperor of China imported western ideas and techniques to create his extraordinary arts, that forces us to completely rewrite the history books.

1.What confused Dan Snow about the Terracotta Army?

A.Why Qinshihuang ordered people to create them.

B.Who instructed ancient people to create them.

C.Why their design was different from previous time.

D.What kind of clothes ancient people preferred to wear.

2.What do most historians think of ancient China?

A.It was not closed to the outside world.

B.Many mini states coexisted peacefully.

C.Building an army of sculptures was very common then.

D.It built a good relationship with the rest of the world.

3.What can we infer about the clay sculptures in ancient China before 220 BC?

A.They were in small sizes.               

B.Their styles changed greatly.

C.Their facial expressions seemed real.      

D.They looked similar to the Greek ones.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.The Development of Chinese Art            

B.Westerners Found in Ancient China

C.The Discovery of China's Terracotta Army

D.Historians Reconsidering the Remote Past of China

参考答案：

1.C　根据第一段The amazing realism increases the great mystery surrounding these terracotta figures—where do they come from? They are nothing like any figure made in China before them. Something changed. Something remarkable happened here 2,200 years ago.可知,让Dan Snow想不明白的就是秦始皇兵马俑为何风格突然发生了改变。故选C项。

2.A　根据第二段historians have long believed ancient China remained separated from the rest of the world(历史学家一直认为古代中国与世界其他地方是隔绝的)可知选A项。

3.A根据第四段But in the Chinese world, you've got just 10 cm tall(但在中国人的世界里,你只有10厘米高)可知,关于公元前220年以前的中国古代泥塑,我们能推断出它们都很小。故选A项。

4.D　通读全文,尤其是根据第二段Mr Snow explains historians have long believed ancient China remained separated from the rest of the world. But the Terracotta Army could disprove that theory.和最后一段可知,历史学家重新审视中国遥远的过去。故选D项。

（B）

 Susan Brownell Anthony was a lady ahead of her time.She fought for women’s rights long before they became a popular issue.

Susan was born on February 15,1820,in Adams,Massachusetts.At that time,women had few rights.They could not own property.Money earned by a married woman belonged to her husband.Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers.Women could not vote.

At the age of 15,Susan became a schoolteacher.She taught for 15 years.Then she began organizing women’s groups to promote causes that were important to women.She helped gain better educational rights for women.She helped give married women possession of their earnings.

After the Civil War,Susan became very involved in the women’s suffrage movement.After years of lecturing,writing,and appealing by Susan and other women,some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote.The first state was Wyoming in 1869.Other areas and states gradually followed Wyoming’s decision.It was not until 1920 that the U.S.Constitution was changed to give all women voting rights.

Susan Brownell Anthony died in 1906 at the age of 86.She was elected to the Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1950.She was the first American woman to have a likeness(肖像) of her face on a coin.It was the 1979 Susan Brownell Anthony dollar.

1.What was the situation of American women like when Susan was born?

A.They had low social status.

B.They could vote after getting married.

C.They managed money for their husbands.

D.They were responsible for decision-making.

2.What is the third paragraph mainly about?

A.Susan’s teaching experiences.             B.Susan’s educational background.

C.Susan’s efforts to abolish slavery.          D.Susan’s fighting for women’s causes.

3.What does the word “decision” in the fourth paragraph refer to?

A.Promoting the social movement.

B.Changing the U.S. Constitution.

C.Giving women voting rights.

D.Uniting other areas and states.

4.What may be the best title for the text?

A.The first American woman to invent coins

B.The problem of women’s rights in the U.S.

C.The most popular women organizations

D.A pioneer in fighting for women’s rights

参考答案：

1.A　根据第二段中的“At that time,women had few rights.They could not own property.Money earned by a married woman belonged to her husband.Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers.Women could not vote.”可知,在那时,女性没有什么权利,地位是低下的,故A项正确。

2.D　通读第三段尤其是“Then she began organizing women’s groups to promote causes that were important to women.”可知,本段主要讲述苏珊·布朗奈尔·安东尼为争取女权而斗争的情况,故D项正确。

3.C　根据第四段第二句中的“...some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote.”可知,在苏珊·布朗奈尔·安东尼的努力下,美国一些地区修改了法律,给了妇女投票权;结合该段第三、四句可以判断,画线词指代“给妇女投票权”这一决定,故C项正确。

4.D　通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖苏珊·布朗奈尔·安东尼。她为妇女争取了财产权、投票权等权利。据此可知D项最适合做文章标题。

五：话题写作训练

（A）

假定你是李华，你校即将举行一年一度的 12.9 歌咏比赛活动，你想邀请你的外国朋友 Mike 观看。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：

1. 12.9 的历史由来；
2. 活动比赛形式；
3. 活动的时间地点

参考词汇 爱国运动 patriotic movement

参考文章

Knowing that you are interested in Chinese latest history, I'm writing to invite you to attend our school annual conventional singing competition, which is in memory of Students' Patriotic Compaign.

On December 9th 1935, a patriotic movement was carried out by Chinese students under the leading of Chinese Communist Party to fight against invasion from Japan. The competition will take place in our school hall on December 9th, each class chorus presenting two songs, of which one is compulsory and the other optional. After the competition, judges will announce the results and award the winners relevant prizes.  

I will appreciate it if you can take my invitation into consideration.

（B）

假定你是李华,你的美国朋友David来信说他对中国的丝绸文化以及“一带一路”倡议很感兴趣,请给他回信,要点如下:

1.丝绸始于新石器时代;

2.原料为蚕茧,兼具高雅与环保;

3.古丝绸之路对世界文化交流的作用;

4.“一带一路”倡议将产生的深远影响。

注意:

1.词数100左右;

2.可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。

参考词汇:“一带一路”倡议 the Belt and Road Initiative　新石器时代Neolithic Age　蚕茧the silkworm cocoon

Dear David,

I’m glad that you’re interested in the silk culture of China and the Belt and Road Initiative.

In fact,silk made of silkworm cocoon has a long history in China,which dates back to the Neolithic Age.Elegant and environmental,silk attracts people throughout the world.China opened up the Silk Road,promoting the communication between China and other countries.

At present,the Belt and Road Initiative encourages cooperation between us and other countries.Undoubtedly,it will contribute to the economic and cultural development of the world.

I’m looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua