英语选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture教学设计

Unit 3

Learning about Language教学设计

科目：英语 课题：Learning about Language 课时：1课时

教学目标与核心素养：

知识目标：掌握过去完成时的主动语态和被动语态的用法。

能力目标：培养学生语法运用的能力。

情感目标：激发学生对语法学习的兴趣并使其喜欢语法学习，更好地将过去完成时运用到实践中。

教学重难点

教学重点：让学生更好地理解过去完成时的主动语态和被动语态的用法。

教学难点：使学生掌握过去完成时的主动语态和被动语态并可以进行造句练习。

课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔

教学过程：

一、Pre-class

1. Greeting

2. Leading-in

教师活动：让学生观察活动1中的句子，画出主句和从句的谓语动词，并思考以下问题：

（1）主句和从句中的谓语动词分别用了什么时态和语态？

（2）主句和从句中谓语动词的形式各是怎样的？

（3）主句和从句中谓语动词所表示的动作哪个先发生、哪个后发生？

（4）主句与从句之间的连接词是什么？

学生活动：找出本单元第26和27页课文中使用过去完成时态的句子，并分析句子使用的是什么语态。

活动目的：通过提问和举例，学生大致了解本堂课所学语法知识。

二、     While-class

教师活动：介绍过去完成时态的相关知识，同时根据具体情况举例说明过去完成时的主动语态和被动语态。

1. 过去完成时的主动语态

（1）构成：had+过去分词

（2）用法

①表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。它表示这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，这一过去时间可用by, before 等构成的短语及 when, before, after, by the time 等引导的状语从句表示。

I had finished my homework before I had supper.

我在晚饭前把家庭作业做完了。

②表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与for, since构成的表示一段时间的短语或since 引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。

He said that great changes had taken place in his hometown since 1990.

他说自从1990年以来他的家乡发生了很大的变化。

③表示原计划或打算做某事而没有做成。常用动词有want, mean, plan, hope, suppose, expect, intend等。

They had wanted to help but couldn't get there in time.

他们本来是要去帮忙的，但未能及时赶到那里。

He had hoped to catch the 8: 00 bus, but found it gone.

他原希望赶上8点的公共汽车，却发现那趟车已经走了。

（3）特殊句式

①It/This/That was the first/second. . .time that sb. had done sth.

这是／那是某人第一次／第二次······做某事。

This was the second time that the musician had toured Europe.

这是这位音乐家第二次在欧洲巡回演出。

②用于hardly/scarcely. . .when, no sooner . . . than 句式中。

The audience had hardly been seated when the saxophone solo started.

观众刚落座，萨克斯独奏就开始了。

I had no sooner finished the work than the light went out.

我刚完成工作，灯就熄灭了。

这两个句子可以把hardly, no sooner 提到句首变成倒装句，时态不变。

Hardly had the audience been seated when the saxophone solo started.

No sooner had I finished the work than the light went out.

注意：

在含有after 或before 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，由于主句和从句的动作先后关系明显，所以可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。

After he left the room, the boss came in.

他离开房间后，老板进来了。

The train left before he got there.

他还没到那儿，火车就开走了。

（4）过去完成时、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别，试比较：

He had worked as a lecturer before he became a manager.

在成为一名经理之前，他做过讲师。

He has been a manager for years.

他当经理已经有几个年头了。

He once worked as a lecturer, but now he is a manager.

他曾做过讲师，但现在他是一名经理。

2. 过去完成时的被动语态

（1）构成：had been+及物动词的过去分词

（2）用法

①表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与by, before 等引导的时间状语连用。

A new agreement had been signed by the time we got there.

等我们到那儿的时候，一项新协议已经签署了。

 When he reached the nearby shop.it had already been closed.

当他赶到附近的那家商店时，它已经关门了。

②表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for, since 引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。

It was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks.

据报道，这场拍卖会已经做了好几个星期的广告。

③用在宾语从句中，常放在said, told, thought, wondered等动词过去式的后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的被动动作。

The architect told us that the project had been completed.

那位建筑师告诉我们工程已经竣工了。

④根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。

He had to leave his house because it had been flooded.

他只好离开他的房子，因为他的房子已经被淹没了。

三、After-class

总结课堂所学知识。

教师活动：让学生结对完成活动3.每对学生选择其中一个情境，然后根据所选情境造句。教师鼓励

学生使用过去完成时的主动语态和被动语态尽量多地造句，先让他们写在笔记本上。然后，让学

生使用所造句子，与同伴一起创编对话。教师可以和一位学生示范。

T: What had you done when you set off for the cafeteria?

S: I had just called Li Hua to go with me, but by the time we arrived, it had been closed.

T: Oh, what a pity!

S: I was told that you had been invited to the "insect" party. What was it like?

T: Well, it was amazing. Before I went there, I had never thought of eating insects. I had tried three different kinds of insects before the end of the party.活动目的：教师通过组队对话和听众点评的方式，让听对话的学生专注于同学的表演，并为学生创造互相学习和交流的机会。

四、Summary

老师总结课堂语法的要点。

作业布置：完成课后练习。