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高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 War and peace教学课件ppt
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这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 War and peace教学课件ppt，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了Ⅰ 单句语法填空，are，werewas，areis，Ⅱ 语法填空，totally，was used，from，themselves，to develop等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1. （教材P29）Yur enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle-hardened…2. （教材P29）The enemy were hiding, ready t attack the Allied sldiers…3. （教材P29）…peple were cming tgether fr memrial ceremnies.4. （教材P29）The plice are after him.
5. （教材P29）Plitics is the study f the ways in which cuntries are gverned.6. （教材P29）The grup were sent t rescue the missing pilt.7. （教材P29）All the machinery in this factry is made in the US.
4. _______________________________________________________ 5. _______________________________________________________________________________________6. __________________________________________7. ______________________________________________
复数形式单数意义的词, 如news, maths, plitics, physics作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
The grup表示所有组员, 谓语动词用复数。
machinery为“机械”的统称, 谓语动词用单数。
plice（警察）为集合名词, 表示个体, 谓语动词用复数。
观察上面句子, 并归纳上面主谓一致的用法：1. _______________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________
Yur enemy表示整体, 谓语动词用单数。
The enemy表示“很多敌人”, 表示个体, 谓语动词用复数。
peple（人们）为集合名词, 谓语动词用复数。
一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。1.语法一致：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。Tm is a gd student. 汤姆是个好学生。They ften play ftball in the playgrund. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2.意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，此时谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。My family are having lunch nw.我们一家人现在正在吃午饭。Twenty dllars is t expensive fr the bk.这本书20美元太贵了。
3.就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。Nt nly the teacher but als his students like playing ftball.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。There is a pen and sme bks n the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、集合名词的主谓一致1.通常用复数的情形plice（警察）、peple（人）、cattle（牛）、clthes（衣服）等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。My clthes were saked.我的衣服都湿透了。The plice are lking int the cmplaint.警察在调查这项投诉。T few peple are interested in such music nwadays.如今对这种音乐有兴趣的人太少了。
2.通常用单数的情形clthing（衣服）、petry（诗歌）、baggage/luggage（行李）、 furniture（家具）、scenery（景色）、jewellery（珠宝）、equipment（设备）等不可数的集合名词用作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。Furniture is chiefly made f wd.家具主要是由木材制造。Petry was blming in China in the Tang Dynasty.诗歌在中国唐代十分盛行。
3.用单数或复数视语境而定的情形family（家庭）、team（队）、crwd（人群）、gvernment（政府）、crew（乘务员）、cmmittee（委员会）、audience（听众）、public（公众）等集合名词用作主语时，其谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数：当它们被视为整体时，谓语动词用单数; 当它们强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。
My family is very large.我家是一个大家庭。（视为整体）His family are waiting fr him.他的家人正在等他。（强调个体成员）注意：有时没有特定的上下文，谓语动词用单数或复数区别不大。The public are [is] requested nt t leave litter in the park.公众被要求在公园不要乱扔垃圾。
1. The crew n the train ______ (be) ging t attend a training class abut traffic safety.
2. The ppulatin f China _____ (be)larger than that f any ther cuntry in the wrld.
3. The ftball team _____ (be)made up f 22 players.
4. My family _____ (be)the largest ne in ur village. Besides, my family ______ (be)all farmers.
5. The whle class ______ (be)nw listening t the teacher attentively.
6. Either he r yu ______ (be)interested in playing ftball in ur class.
are searching
7. The plice ________________ (search)fr the lst child nw.
8. The audience ___________ (be) clearly delighted with the perfrmance, bursting ut clapping and cheering fr the singer.
9. The cmmittee _________(be) f the pinin that it is nt time t repen schls, accrding t the vtes.
Did yu grw up in ne culture, yur parents came frm anther, and yu are nw living in a 1. __________ (ttal) different cuntry? If s, then yu are a third-culture kid. The term “third-culture kid” 2. ___________ (use) in the 1960s fr the first time by Dr. Ruth. She first came acrss this phenmenn while 3. ______________ (research) Nrth American children living in India. In general, third-culture kids benefit4. _______ their intercultural experiences and they ften reach excellent academic results.
researching
Yet many 5. _______________ (difficulty) may arise frm this phenmenn, third-culture kids may nt be able t adapt 6. _____________ (they) cmpletely t their new surrundings. Als, they ften find it hard 7. _____________ (develp) new friendship. Additinally, fr a third-culture kid, it is ften 8. _________ (easy) t mve t a new cuntry than t return t his r her hmeland.
difficulties
Fr example, after living in Australia fr many years, Luis finally returned t the cuntry 9. ________ she was brn. She didn’t knw anything abut current TV shws 10. _____ fashin trends. And she didn’t share the same values as ther teens f her age.
1. at the beginning f在……的开头At the beginning f the film, the audience are thrwn int an incredible sequence f apprximately 30 minutes, depicting the landings in Nrmandy. （教材P29）电影一开始，观众就被带入了一个大约30分钟的令人难以置信的片段，描绘了诺曼底登陆的场景。
① Dn’t mentin that at the beginning f the stry, r it may give away the shcking ending. _____________________________________________________________
在故事的开头别提那件事，要不然可能会泄露了令人震惊的结尾。
② We’re ging t Japan at the end f July. _______________________
③ I think it is necessary t read the bk frm beginning t end. _________________________________________
我认为从头到尾地读这本书是很有必要的。
④ In the end the lng hurs f wrk, cmbined with dmestic wrries, gt him dwn. _______________________________________________
最后，长时间的工作加上家事烦恼使他闷闷不乐。
（1） 在……开头 ______________________ ，后面可接时间名词，通常与一般过去时或一般将来时连用。在……尽头（末端） ________________ ，后面可接地点或时间名词，通常与一般过去时或一般将来时连用。
at the beginning f
at the end f
（2） 开始 ___________________最后 _____________
in the beginning
（3） 从头到尾 ________________________
frm beginning t end
① He had t shw the white flag _____ the end f the debate.
② Let’s start again _______ the beginning.
③ _____ the beginning， everyne felt srry fr him.
④ She’s been wrking there ________ the beginning f last summer.
2. stability n.稳固，稳定These measures aim t give stability t cnflict znes and allw gvernments t reestablish authrity. 这些措施的目的是让冲突地区获得稳定，并使政府重建权威。（教材P31）
① The gvernment has taken a measure t maintain the stability f prices. _____________________________________
政府已经采取了措施以维持物价稳定。
② Being back with their family shuld prvide emtinal stability fr the children. _______________________________________
回到家人身边会使儿童的情绪稳定下来。
（1） 促进安定 ____________________政治/经济/社会稳定 ______________________________________
prmte stability
plitical/ecnmic/scial stability
（2）stable adj. 稳定的；安定的；可靠的
① 我们需要一个稳定的政府。We need ______________________.
a stable gvernment
② 世界和平和稳定需要有中国的积极参与。 ___________________________________ need the active invlvement f China.
Peace and stability in the wrld
3. n standby 待命China is playing an increasingly imprtant rle in UN peacekeepingand it has trained 8,000 trps wh are kept n standby fr UN missins. （教材P31）中国在联合国维和行动中发挥着越来越重要的作用，为联合国维和行动训练了8,000名待命士兵。
① A special team f plice were kept n standby during the time f vilence. _________________________________________________________
在发生暴乱期间，有一支警察特别小分队处于整装待命状态。
② He was put n standby fr the flight t New Yrk. ___________________________________
这班飞往纽约的班机，他候补待位。
1. 严阵以待；随时准备着 _____________
① 接到炸弹警报后，各紧急救助部门进入待命状态。The emergency services ______________________ after a bmb warning.
were put n standby
② 5辆救护车在港口待命。Five ambulances _________________ at the prt.
are n standby
1. 不定式的被动结构James Ryan is the furth sn in his family t be sent t fight in the Secnd Wrld War. (教材P29)詹姆斯·瑞恩是他家里第四个被派去参加第二次世界大战的儿子。
① It is an hnr fr me t be invited t the party. ___________________________
我很荣幸被邀请参加聚会。
② He is hard t cnvince. _________________
③ I wanted the letter t be typed at nce. _____________________
④ The huse is t let. _____________
（1）不定式的被动结构动词不定式有时态和语态的变化，不定式的被动形式是考查的重点，也是难点和易混点。不定式的一般被动形式为：t be dne； 完成被动形式为：t have been dne。不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般用被动形式。
（2）不定式结构中的“隐性”被动在某些“形容词+不定式”的结构中，句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。这些形容词有：nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, imprtant, impssible, pleasant, interesting等。（3）主动形式表被动不定式和它前面所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式表被动。注意：动词不定式“t blame, t seek, t let”等与be动词连用时， 不定式常用主动形式表被动。
① 这些书和杂志不许带出阅览室。The bks and magazines ______________________________ ut f the reading rm.
are nt allwed t be taken
② 这个问题很难解决。This prblem is difficult ______________ .
③ 我认为我也该受责备。I felt I _______________ , t.
was t blame
2. 完全倒装Amng the many hrrrs inflicted n humanity by the Secnd Wrld War was the massive bmbing f civilians, ften referred t as “terrr bmbing”. （教材P30）二战给人类带来的诸多恐怖事件之一就是对平民的大规模轰炸，通常被称为“恐怖爆炸”。
① On tp f the hill std a temple, in which lived tw mnks. _______________________________
山上有座庙, 庙里有两个和尚。
② The dr pened and in came a middle-aged man. _______________________________
门开了，进来了一位中年男士。
③ By the windw sat a yung wman with a bk in her hand. ___________________________________________
窗边坐着一位年轻女子，她手里拿着一本书。
④ Amng these peple was my friend Tm. ___________________________
这些人中有我的朋友汤姆。
（1）表示地点或方位的介词短语位于句首，谓语动词是be、cme、g、lie、sit、stand、run、walk等不及物动词时，常使用完全倒装。（2）以地点副词here、there、方位副词ut、in、up、dwn、away及时间副词nw、then等开头的句子里，常使用完全倒装，以示强调。
① In the east f the lake ______(be)tw villages, ne f which is twice the size f the ther.
② Then ___________ (fllw) the War f Resistance against Japanese Aggressin.
③ On the grund ______(lie)sme air cnditiners, which were t be shipped t sme ther cities.
1. The mst effective “weapn” f _______________ (peacekeeper) is the supprt f the internatinal cmmunity.
peacekeepers
2. The cnstructin f a dam influences dwnstream channel ____________ (stable) in tw ways.
3. I was a new, idealistic teacher when Billy entered my _________ (fur) grade.
4. It was nt lng befre a helicpter arrived n scene t rescue the ____________ (survive) f the plane crash.
5. Mr. Blck hit the ceiling when he was asked ____________ (sense) questins.
6. It was he wh, s he wuld argue, had brught abut the ______________ (destry) f Mr. Heath.
7. D yu frgive yur thughtless friend fr her __________ (cruel)?
8. It prvided the _____________ (mtivate) fr cntrlling smke and dust emissin frm industrial plants.
9. We nw travel rund the wrld in a way _____________ (previus) undreamt f.
10. I felt angry with my little sister greatly, but her inncent smile ___________ (disarm) me.
11. Yu shw prmise as a musician but yur lack f practice is keeping yu _______ .
12. Far frm mving back, he threw all his time and energy _______ his wrk.
13. Shps are being frced t put their prices _______ in rder t attract custmers.
1. Office wrkers in the UK wh leave cmputers _____________ were csting 1.7 billin yuan a year in energy bills.
2. Hansjerg Kunc, an animal behavirist, ______________ human nise _____ a “majr glbal pllutant” in a statement.
3. Signs and psters are everywhere t help _________ peple _____ keep a healthy distance.
Fr the duratin f
4. ______________________ his full-time studying prgram, he has made great prgress in his ral English.
5. It might sund dd but the plice __________ a man _______ cmmitting suicide last week by shting him an electric shck.
6. Can I g back t what yu said ______________________ the meeting?
7. The citizens hped that the gvernment wuld ____________ the refrms it had prmised.
is playing rles in
8. I hear that the girl ______________________ sme new films. She’s really making her way int a famus star.
9. The first waterfall the turists passed by ________ them _______ jy wildly.
feel sad fr
10. I think I _______________ him, because he lks like he’s the persn wh is always being blamed fr whatever he did.
1. 汤姆和他的弟弟都通过了考试。Bth Tm and his brther _______________________.
have passed the exam
2. 那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。The peasant writer _____________________ in the meeting rm.
is making a speech
3. 现在所有男人和女人都在工作。Every man and wman _____________ nw.
4. 在我们的学校，我们的班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。Our class _________________________________ at playing ftball in ur schl.
is better than any ther class
5. 到目前为止，学生和老师都没来。Nt nly the students but als the teacher ______________________.
hasn’t cme s far
[2021黑龙江大庆一中期中] There is sme unwelcme news fr students preparing fr exams and fficers putting in lng hurs-yu dn’t need that “refreshment（提神） break” as much as yu may think. Scientists believed it was nt easy fr peple t cntinue their wrk if they felt the need t have a snack r a rest t make them feel better.
They argued that the nly way t regain willpwer is by supplying mre energy t ur bdies with rest, fd r entertainment. But psychlgists have challenged this thery, saying weak willpwer is in yur head. They fund that a persn’s mindset（理念） and belief abut willpwer determine hw lng and hw well they’ll be able t wrk n a tugh mental exercise. “If yu think f willpwer as smething that’s limited, yu’re mre likely t be tired when yu perfrm a difficult task,”
said Prfessr Vernika Jb. “But if yu think f willpwer as smething that is nt easily depleted , yu can g n and n.” The researchers led by Mr. Jb designed an experiment t test the students’ belief abut willpwer. After a tiring task thse wh believed r were led t believe that willpwer was a limited resurce perfrmed wrse n standard cncentratin tests than thse wh thught f willpwer as smething they had mre cntrl ver.
Mr. Jb said, “Students wh may already have truble studying are being tld that their pwers f cncentratin are limited, and they need t take frequent breaks. But a belief in willpwer as a nn-limited resurce makes peple strnger in their ability t wrk thrugh challenges.” The findings culd help peple wh are battling with temptatin（诱惑）: peple fllwing strict diets and ding exercise regularly t lse weight, peple trying t vercme addictins, emplyees facing a tight deadline. Willpwer isn’t driven by a bilgically based prcess as much as we used t think.
1. What pinin did scientists have in the past?( )A. Willpwer was a limited resurce.B. It was hard t regain willpwer.C. Hardwrking peple seldm tk breaks.D. Peple culd easily feel tired when wrking.
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段第二句“They argued that the nly way t regain willpwer is by supplying mre energy t ur bdies with rest, fd r entertainment.”可知，他们认为重新获得意志力的唯一方法是休息、食物或娱乐。由此可知，以前科学家认为意志力是有限的资源。故选A项。
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。以前人们认为意志力是有限的，但心理学家对意志力有了新的结论，认为意志力存在于人脑中，对我们的行为能够产生很大的影响。
2. Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “depleted” in Paragraph 3?( )A. Given up.B. Recvered.C. Used up.D. Changed.
[解析] 【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据画线词前的“‘If yu think f willpwer as smething that’s limited, yu’re mre likely t be tired when yu perfrm a difficult task’”可知，如果你认为意志力是有限的东西，在完成困难的任务时，你更可能会疲惫。画线词所在句中的“But”是关键词，如果你认为意志力很难被耗尽，那么你就可以继续下去。deplete意为“use up”, 故选C项。
3. What can we learn frm the findings f the experiment?( )A. Students benefit mst frm the research.B. Frequent breaks are nt gd fr learning.C. Willpwer can be regained after peple have a gd rest.D. The belief in willpwer can change a man’s behaviur.
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段第二句“They fund that a persn’s mindset（理念） and belief abut willpwer determine hw lng and hw well they’ll be able t wrk n a tugh mental exercise.”可知，研究人员发现对意志力的信念能够决定人们做一项艰难的脑力任务的时间和结果。也就是说，对意志力的信念能够影响人们的行为。故选D项。
4. Why des the authr write the text?( )A. T explain the pwer f willpwer.B. T shw us hw t build willpwer.C. T tell us the ways f gaining willpwer.D. T intrduce a new thery n willpwer.
[解析] 【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】作者在第二段里介绍了以前人们对意志力的看法；第三段第一句“But psychlgists have challenged this thery, saying weak willpwer is in yur head.”告诉我们心理学家有了新的观点，下文主要介绍了关于意志力的新发现。所以本文介绍了关于意志力的一种新的理论。故选D项。
深度解析词汇积累tugh adj.艰苦的，困难的；坚强的 regain vt.恢复；重新获得；收回determine v. 下决心，做出决定 think 把…... 当；认为 是…… pwer n.力量，能力；电力；权力
长难句分析After a tiring task thse wh believed r were led t believe that willpwer was a limited resurce perfrmed wrse n standard cncentratin tests than thse wh thught f willpwer as smething they had mre cntrl ver. 在一项累人的任务后，那些相信或被引导相信意志力是有限资源的人在标准注意力测试中的表现要比那些认为意志力是他们可以控制的东西的人差。
分析：第一个thse作主语，第一个wh引导的定语从句中还包含一个that引导的宾语从句。主句的谓语是perfrmed , than引导比较状语从句，第二个thse是与主语比较的对象，wh thught f willpwer as smething they had mre cntrl ver是修饰thse的定语从句 , 从句中包含另y一个定语从句they had mre cntrl ver, 修饰先行词smething。
A[2020江西南昌八一中学高二期中] Peking Opera rles require perfrmers t paint 1.___________ (they) faces in patterns and clurs t represent different character types and 2._______________ (quality). In Peking Opera, facial painting can be quite cmplex. Hwever, in the 3._______________ (begin), nly three clurs were used-red, white and black. Nw, many ther clurs, such as yellw, purple, blue and green, 4._____________(use) fr facial painting.
Red is clur fr 5.____________ (brave) and lyalty. Guan Yu is a gd example f this kind f character. He is famus fr being very lyal 6._______ his emperr, Liu Bei. White highlights all 7._________ is bad in human nature. One f the typical white-faced characters is Ca Ca, 8.______ pwerful and cruel prime minister. Black face paint is usually used fr 9._________ is fierce and vilent. One typical example is General Zhang Fei frm the classic nvel, Rmance f the Three Kingdms.
All these different clurs are used in Peking Opera facial painting 10._______________ (prvide) a clear picture f each character.
1. ________
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了京剧角色需要表演者用图案和颜色来暗示不同的人物类型和性格。考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语修饰名词faces，指代perfrmers。故填their。
2. ____________
[解析] 考查名词的数。quality表示一个人的品质或是商品的特性时，是可数名词，前面有形容词different修饰，此处用名词复数形式。故填qualities。
3. ____________
[解析] 考查固定搭配。固定搭配in the beginning（一开始）。故填beginning。
4. ___________
[解析] 考查动词时态和语态。由语境可知，本句陈述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语many ther clurs和use是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are used。
5. __________
[解析] 考查名词。此处用名词bravery（勇敢）作介词fr的宾语。故填bravery。
[解析] 考查固定搭配。固定搭配be lyal t…意为“对……忠诚”。故填t。
[解析] 考查定语从句关系词。此处引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词all，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
[解析] 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个强大而残忍的宰相”；又pwerful以辅音音素开头，故填a。
[解析] 考查宾语从句引导词。介词fr后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，意为“……的东西”，应用引导词what。故填what。
10. _____________
[解析] 考查动词不定式。由语境可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式(t d)作目的状语。故填t prvide。
B[2020江苏常州高二期中] Shijing, als the Bk f Sngs r Shih-ching, is the 1.___________ (early) cllectin f Chinese petry. It cnsists f 305 pems 2.__________ (date) frm the early years f Western Zhu Dynasty t the middle stage f the Spring and Autumn Perid. Nwadays, Cnfucius is generally believed t be the 3.___________ (edit) f the bk. Shijing is rich in cntent, 4.______________ (reflect) lve and labr,
war and slavery, custms and marriage, ancestr wrship and special events. It is a mirrr f scial life. All the pems included in Shijing fall int three sectins-pems that cme frm villages belng t Feng; the pems 5._____________ (write)t persuade r praise the rulers belng t Ya; thse used at religius ceremnies belng t Sng. Ya and Sng are flwery and serius in language, 6.___________ Feng is relatively inspiring and full f passin.
The pening pem f Shijing, Cing and Wing(《关雎》), is abut lve, which 7.__________ (read): By riverside are cing A pair f turtledves; A gd yung man is wing A fair maiden he lves. Thrugh these lines, the pet expresses the man’s lnging 8.________ a girl and his hpe that ne day he can win ver the girl’s heart.
As the beginning f ancient Chinese petry, Shijing enables peple t have a better understanding f Chinese civilizatin. 9._______________________________________________ , it is als frequently quted in ther Chinese texts and has always been 10.______________ (refer) t as mral truth and lessns.
Mrever/Besides/Furthermre/Additinally
1. ___________
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章给我们介绍了《诗经》的一些知识。考查形容词最高级。根据常识和语境可知，《诗经》是中国最早的诗歌集，所以空处需用形容词最高级earliest。故填earliest。
2. _________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词cnsist，且空处前面没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词pems，空处动词date与名词pems之间是逻辑上的主动关系，需用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填dating。
3. _________
[解析] 考查名词。分析句子成分可知，此处需用名词editr，表示编辑，指孔子，名词需用单数形式。故填editr。
4. _____________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处需用非谓语动词，空处动词reflect与主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，需用现在分词形式。故填reflecting。
[解析] 考查过去分词。根据句子结构可知，空处需用分词作后置定语修饰名词pems，空处动词与名词pems之间是逻辑上的被动关系，需用过去分词作后置定语。故填written。
6. ________
[解析] 考查连词。根据语境可知，句子前后有对比之意，所以空处需用连词while表示“然而”。故填while。
7. ________
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。本句陈述一个事实，需用一般现在时，which指代The pening pem f Shijing，从句谓语动词需用单数reads。故填reads。
[解析] 考查固定搭配。lng fr意为“渴望”。此处缺少介词，故填fr。
1. （教材P29）Yur enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle-hardened…2. （教材P29）The enemy were hiding, ready t attack the Allied sldiers…3. （教材P29）…peple were cming tgether fr memrial ceremnies.4. （教材P29）The plice are after him.
5. （教材P29）Plitics is the study f the ways in which cuntries are gverned.6. （教材P29）The grup were sent t rescue the missing pilt.7. （教材P29）All the machinery in this factry is made in the US.
4. _______________________________________________________ 5. _______________________________________________________________________________________6. __________________________________________7. ______________________________________________
复数形式单数意义的词, 如news, maths, plitics, physics作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
The grup表示所有组员, 谓语动词用复数。
machinery为“机械”的统称, 谓语动词用单数。
plice（警察）为集合名词, 表示个体, 谓语动词用复数。
观察上面句子, 并归纳上面主谓一致的用法：1. _______________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________
Yur enemy表示整体, 谓语动词用单数。
The enemy表示“很多敌人”, 表示个体, 谓语动词用复数。
peple（人们）为集合名词, 谓语动词用复数。
一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。1.语法一致：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。Tm is a gd student. 汤姆是个好学生。They ften play ftball in the playgrund. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2.意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，此时谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。My family are having lunch nw.我们一家人现在正在吃午饭。Twenty dllars is t expensive fr the bk.这本书20美元太贵了。
3.就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。Nt nly the teacher but als his students like playing ftball.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。There is a pen and sme bks n the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、集合名词的主谓一致1.通常用复数的情形plice（警察）、peple（人）、cattle（牛）、clthes（衣服）等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。My clthes were saked.我的衣服都湿透了。The plice are lking int the cmplaint.警察在调查这项投诉。T few peple are interested in such music nwadays.如今对这种音乐有兴趣的人太少了。
2.通常用单数的情形clthing（衣服）、petry（诗歌）、baggage/luggage（行李）、 furniture（家具）、scenery（景色）、jewellery（珠宝）、equipment（设备）等不可数的集合名词用作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。Furniture is chiefly made f wd.家具主要是由木材制造。Petry was blming in China in the Tang Dynasty.诗歌在中国唐代十分盛行。
3.用单数或复数视语境而定的情形family（家庭）、team（队）、crwd（人群）、gvernment（政府）、crew（乘务员）、cmmittee（委员会）、audience（听众）、public（公众）等集合名词用作主语时，其谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数：当它们被视为整体时，谓语动词用单数; 当它们强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。
My family is very large.我家是一个大家庭。（视为整体）His family are waiting fr him.他的家人正在等他。（强调个体成员）注意：有时没有特定的上下文，谓语动词用单数或复数区别不大。The public are [is] requested nt t leave litter in the park.公众被要求在公园不要乱扔垃圾。
1. The crew n the train ______ (be) ging t attend a training class abut traffic safety.
2. The ppulatin f China _____ (be)larger than that f any ther cuntry in the wrld.
3. The ftball team _____ (be)made up f 22 players.
4. My family _____ (be)the largest ne in ur village. Besides, my family ______ (be)all farmers.
5. The whle class ______ (be)nw listening t the teacher attentively.
6. Either he r yu ______ (be)interested in playing ftball in ur class.
are searching
7. The plice ________________ (search)fr the lst child nw.
8. The audience ___________ (be) clearly delighted with the perfrmance, bursting ut clapping and cheering fr the singer.
9. The cmmittee _________(be) f the pinin that it is nt time t repen schls, accrding t the vtes.
Did yu grw up in ne culture, yur parents came frm anther, and yu are nw living in a 1. __________ (ttal) different cuntry? If s, then yu are a third-culture kid. The term “third-culture kid” 2. ___________ (use) in the 1960s fr the first time by Dr. Ruth. She first came acrss this phenmenn while 3. ______________ (research) Nrth American children living in India. In general, third-culture kids benefit4. _______ their intercultural experiences and they ften reach excellent academic results.
researching
Yet many 5. _______________ (difficulty) may arise frm this phenmenn, third-culture kids may nt be able t adapt 6. _____________ (they) cmpletely t their new surrundings. Als, they ften find it hard 7. _____________ (develp) new friendship. Additinally, fr a third-culture kid, it is ften 8. _________ (easy) t mve t a new cuntry than t return t his r her hmeland.
difficulties
Fr example, after living in Australia fr many years, Luis finally returned t the cuntry 9. ________ she was brn. She didn’t knw anything abut current TV shws 10. _____ fashin trends. And she didn’t share the same values as ther teens f her age.
1. at the beginning f在……的开头At the beginning f the film, the audience are thrwn int an incredible sequence f apprximately 30 minutes, depicting the landings in Nrmandy. （教材P29）电影一开始，观众就被带入了一个大约30分钟的令人难以置信的片段，描绘了诺曼底登陆的场景。
① Dn’t mentin that at the beginning f the stry, r it may give away the shcking ending. _____________________________________________________________
在故事的开头别提那件事，要不然可能会泄露了令人震惊的结尾。
② We’re ging t Japan at the end f July. _______________________
③ I think it is necessary t read the bk frm beginning t end. _________________________________________
我认为从头到尾地读这本书是很有必要的。
④ In the end the lng hurs f wrk, cmbined with dmestic wrries, gt him dwn. _______________________________________________
最后，长时间的工作加上家事烦恼使他闷闷不乐。
（1） 在……开头 ______________________ ，后面可接时间名词，通常与一般过去时或一般将来时连用。在……尽头（末端） ________________ ，后面可接地点或时间名词，通常与一般过去时或一般将来时连用。
at the beginning f
at the end f
（2） 开始 ___________________最后 _____________
in the beginning
（3） 从头到尾 ________________________
frm beginning t end
① He had t shw the white flag _____ the end f the debate.
② Let’s start again _______ the beginning.
③ _____ the beginning， everyne felt srry fr him.
④ She’s been wrking there ________ the beginning f last summer.
2. stability n.稳固，稳定These measures aim t give stability t cnflict znes and allw gvernments t reestablish authrity. 这些措施的目的是让冲突地区获得稳定，并使政府重建权威。（教材P31）
① The gvernment has taken a measure t maintain the stability f prices. _____________________________________
政府已经采取了措施以维持物价稳定。
② Being back with their family shuld prvide emtinal stability fr the children. _______________________________________
回到家人身边会使儿童的情绪稳定下来。
（1） 促进安定 ____________________政治/经济/社会稳定 ______________________________________
prmte stability
plitical/ecnmic/scial stability
（2）stable adj. 稳定的；安定的；可靠的
① 我们需要一个稳定的政府。We need ______________________.
a stable gvernment
② 世界和平和稳定需要有中国的积极参与。 ___________________________________ need the active invlvement f China.
Peace and stability in the wrld
3. n standby 待命China is playing an increasingly imprtant rle in UN peacekeepingand it has trained 8,000 trps wh are kept n standby fr UN missins. （教材P31）中国在联合国维和行动中发挥着越来越重要的作用，为联合国维和行动训练了8,000名待命士兵。
① A special team f plice were kept n standby during the time f vilence. _________________________________________________________
在发生暴乱期间，有一支警察特别小分队处于整装待命状态。
② He was put n standby fr the flight t New Yrk. ___________________________________
这班飞往纽约的班机，他候补待位。
1. 严阵以待；随时准备着 _____________
① 接到炸弹警报后，各紧急救助部门进入待命状态。The emergency services ______________________ after a bmb warning.
were put n standby
② 5辆救护车在港口待命。Five ambulances _________________ at the prt.
are n standby
1. 不定式的被动结构James Ryan is the furth sn in his family t be sent t fight in the Secnd Wrld War. (教材P29)詹姆斯·瑞恩是他家里第四个被派去参加第二次世界大战的儿子。
① It is an hnr fr me t be invited t the party. ___________________________
我很荣幸被邀请参加聚会。
② He is hard t cnvince. _________________
③ I wanted the letter t be typed at nce. _____________________
④ The huse is t let. _____________
（1）不定式的被动结构动词不定式有时态和语态的变化，不定式的被动形式是考查的重点，也是难点和易混点。不定式的一般被动形式为：t be dne； 完成被动形式为：t have been dne。不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般用被动形式。
（2）不定式结构中的“隐性”被动在某些“形容词+不定式”的结构中，句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。这些形容词有：nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, imprtant, impssible, pleasant, interesting等。（3）主动形式表被动不定式和它前面所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式表被动。注意：动词不定式“t blame, t seek, t let”等与be动词连用时， 不定式常用主动形式表被动。
① 这些书和杂志不许带出阅览室。The bks and magazines ______________________________ ut f the reading rm.
are nt allwed t be taken
② 这个问题很难解决。This prblem is difficult ______________ .
③ 我认为我也该受责备。I felt I _______________ , t.
was t blame
2. 完全倒装Amng the many hrrrs inflicted n humanity by the Secnd Wrld War was the massive bmbing f civilians, ften referred t as “terrr bmbing”. （教材P30）二战给人类带来的诸多恐怖事件之一就是对平民的大规模轰炸，通常被称为“恐怖爆炸”。
① On tp f the hill std a temple, in which lived tw mnks. _______________________________
山上有座庙, 庙里有两个和尚。
② The dr pened and in came a middle-aged man. _______________________________
门开了，进来了一位中年男士。
③ By the windw sat a yung wman with a bk in her hand. ___________________________________________
窗边坐着一位年轻女子，她手里拿着一本书。
④ Amng these peple was my friend Tm. ___________________________
这些人中有我的朋友汤姆。
（1）表示地点或方位的介词短语位于句首，谓语动词是be、cme、g、lie、sit、stand、run、walk等不及物动词时，常使用完全倒装。（2）以地点副词here、there、方位副词ut、in、up、dwn、away及时间副词nw、then等开头的句子里，常使用完全倒装，以示强调。
① In the east f the lake ______(be)tw villages, ne f which is twice the size f the ther.
② Then ___________ (fllw) the War f Resistance against Japanese Aggressin.
③ On the grund ______(lie)sme air cnditiners, which were t be shipped t sme ther cities.
1. The mst effective “weapn” f _______________ (peacekeeper) is the supprt f the internatinal cmmunity.
peacekeepers
2. The cnstructin f a dam influences dwnstream channel ____________ (stable) in tw ways.
3. I was a new, idealistic teacher when Billy entered my _________ (fur) grade.
4. It was nt lng befre a helicpter arrived n scene t rescue the ____________ (survive) f the plane crash.
5. Mr. Blck hit the ceiling when he was asked ____________ (sense) questins.
6. It was he wh, s he wuld argue, had brught abut the ______________ (destry) f Mr. Heath.
7. D yu frgive yur thughtless friend fr her __________ (cruel)?
8. It prvided the _____________ (mtivate) fr cntrlling smke and dust emissin frm industrial plants.
9. We nw travel rund the wrld in a way _____________ (previus) undreamt f.
10. I felt angry with my little sister greatly, but her inncent smile ___________ (disarm) me.
11. Yu shw prmise as a musician but yur lack f practice is keeping yu _______ .
12. Far frm mving back, he threw all his time and energy _______ his wrk.
13. Shps are being frced t put their prices _______ in rder t attract custmers.
1. Office wrkers in the UK wh leave cmputers _____________ were csting 1.7 billin yuan a year in energy bills.
2. Hansjerg Kunc, an animal behavirist, ______________ human nise _____ a “majr glbal pllutant” in a statement.
3. Signs and psters are everywhere t help _________ peple _____ keep a healthy distance.
Fr the duratin f
4. ______________________ his full-time studying prgram, he has made great prgress in his ral English.
5. It might sund dd but the plice __________ a man _______ cmmitting suicide last week by shting him an electric shck.
6. Can I g back t what yu said ______________________ the meeting?
7. The citizens hped that the gvernment wuld ____________ the refrms it had prmised.
is playing rles in
8. I hear that the girl ______________________ sme new films. She’s really making her way int a famus star.
9. The first waterfall the turists passed by ________ them _______ jy wildly.
feel sad fr
10. I think I _______________ him, because he lks like he’s the persn wh is always being blamed fr whatever he did.
1. 汤姆和他的弟弟都通过了考试。Bth Tm and his brther _______________________.
have passed the exam
2. 那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。The peasant writer _____________________ in the meeting rm.
is making a speech
3. 现在所有男人和女人都在工作。Every man and wman _____________ nw.
4. 在我们的学校，我们的班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。Our class _________________________________ at playing ftball in ur schl.
is better than any ther class
5. 到目前为止，学生和老师都没来。Nt nly the students but als the teacher ______________________.
hasn’t cme s far
[2021黑龙江大庆一中期中] There is sme unwelcme news fr students preparing fr exams and fficers putting in lng hurs-yu dn’t need that “refreshment（提神） break” as much as yu may think. Scientists believed it was nt easy fr peple t cntinue their wrk if they felt the need t have a snack r a rest t make them feel better.
They argued that the nly way t regain willpwer is by supplying mre energy t ur bdies with rest, fd r entertainment. But psychlgists have challenged this thery, saying weak willpwer is in yur head. They fund that a persn’s mindset（理念） and belief abut willpwer determine hw lng and hw well they’ll be able t wrk n a tugh mental exercise. “If yu think f willpwer as smething that’s limited, yu’re mre likely t be tired when yu perfrm a difficult task,”
said Prfessr Vernika Jb. “But if yu think f willpwer as smething that is nt easily depleted , yu can g n and n.” The researchers led by Mr. Jb designed an experiment t test the students’ belief abut willpwer. After a tiring task thse wh believed r were led t believe that willpwer was a limited resurce perfrmed wrse n standard cncentratin tests than thse wh thught f willpwer as smething they had mre cntrl ver.
Mr. Jb said, “Students wh may already have truble studying are being tld that their pwers f cncentratin are limited, and they need t take frequent breaks. But a belief in willpwer as a nn-limited resurce makes peple strnger in their ability t wrk thrugh challenges.” The findings culd help peple wh are battling with temptatin（诱惑）: peple fllwing strict diets and ding exercise regularly t lse weight, peple trying t vercme addictins, emplyees facing a tight deadline. Willpwer isn’t driven by a bilgically based prcess as much as we used t think.
1. What pinin did scientists have in the past?( )A. Willpwer was a limited resurce.B. It was hard t regain willpwer.C. Hardwrking peple seldm tk breaks.D. Peple culd easily feel tired when wrking.
【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段第二句“They argued that the nly way t regain willpwer is by supplying mre energy t ur bdies with rest, fd r entertainment.”可知，他们认为重新获得意志力的唯一方法是休息、食物或娱乐。由此可知，以前科学家认为意志力是有限的资源。故选A项。
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。以前人们认为意志力是有限的，但心理学家对意志力有了新的结论，认为意志力存在于人脑中，对我们的行为能够产生很大的影响。
2. Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “depleted” in Paragraph 3?( )A. Given up.B. Recvered.C. Used up.D. Changed.
[解析] 【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据画线词前的“‘If yu think f willpwer as smething that’s limited, yu’re mre likely t be tired when yu perfrm a difficult task’”可知，如果你认为意志力是有限的东西，在完成困难的任务时，你更可能会疲惫。画线词所在句中的“But”是关键词，如果你认为意志力很难被耗尽，那么你就可以继续下去。deplete意为“use up”, 故选C项。
3. What can we learn frm the findings f the experiment?( )A. Students benefit mst frm the research.B. Frequent breaks are nt gd fr learning.C. Willpwer can be regained after peple have a gd rest.D. The belief in willpwer can change a man’s behaviur.
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段第二句“They fund that a persn’s mindset（理念） and belief abut willpwer determine hw lng and hw well they’ll be able t wrk n a tugh mental exercise.”可知，研究人员发现对意志力的信念能够决定人们做一项艰难的脑力任务的时间和结果。也就是说，对意志力的信念能够影响人们的行为。故选D项。
4. Why des the authr write the text?( )A. T explain the pwer f willpwer.B. T shw us hw t build willpwer.C. T tell us the ways f gaining willpwer.D. T intrduce a new thery n willpwer.
[解析] 【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】作者在第二段里介绍了以前人们对意志力的看法；第三段第一句“But psychlgists have challenged this thery, saying weak willpwer is in yur head.”告诉我们心理学家有了新的观点，下文主要介绍了关于意志力的新发现。所以本文介绍了关于意志力的一种新的理论。故选D项。
深度解析词汇积累tugh adj.艰苦的，困难的；坚强的 regain vt.恢复；重新获得；收回determine v. 下决心，做出决定 think 把…... 当；认为 是…… pwer n.力量，能力；电力；权力
长难句分析After a tiring task thse wh believed r were led t believe that willpwer was a limited resurce perfrmed wrse n standard cncentratin tests than thse wh thught f willpwer as smething they had mre cntrl ver. 在一项累人的任务后，那些相信或被引导相信意志力是有限资源的人在标准注意力测试中的表现要比那些认为意志力是他们可以控制的东西的人差。
分析：第一个thse作主语，第一个wh引导的定语从句中还包含一个that引导的宾语从句。主句的谓语是perfrmed , than引导比较状语从句，第二个thse是与主语比较的对象，wh thught f willpwer as smething they had mre cntrl ver是修饰thse的定语从句 , 从句中包含另y一个定语从句they had mre cntrl ver, 修饰先行词smething。
A[2020江西南昌八一中学高二期中] Peking Opera rles require perfrmers t paint 1.___________ (they) faces in patterns and clurs t represent different character types and 2._______________ (quality). In Peking Opera, facial painting can be quite cmplex. Hwever, in the 3._______________ (begin), nly three clurs were used-red, white and black. Nw, many ther clurs, such as yellw, purple, blue and green, 4._____________(use) fr facial painting.
Red is clur fr 5.____________ (brave) and lyalty. Guan Yu is a gd example f this kind f character. He is famus fr being very lyal 6._______ his emperr, Liu Bei. White highlights all 7._________ is bad in human nature. One f the typical white-faced characters is Ca Ca, 8.______ pwerful and cruel prime minister. Black face paint is usually used fr 9._________ is fierce and vilent. One typical example is General Zhang Fei frm the classic nvel, Rmance f the Three Kingdms.
All these different clurs are used in Peking Opera facial painting 10._______________ (prvide) a clear picture f each character.
1. ________
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了京剧角色需要表演者用图案和颜色来暗示不同的人物类型和性格。考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语修饰名词faces，指代perfrmers。故填their。
2. ____________
[解析] 考查名词的数。quality表示一个人的品质或是商品的特性时，是可数名词，前面有形容词different修饰，此处用名词复数形式。故填qualities。
3. ____________
[解析] 考查固定搭配。固定搭配in the beginning（一开始）。故填beginning。
4. ___________
[解析] 考查动词时态和语态。由语境可知，本句陈述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语many ther clurs和use是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are used。
5. __________
[解析] 考查名词。此处用名词bravery（勇敢）作介词fr的宾语。故填bravery。
[解析] 考查固定搭配。固定搭配be lyal t…意为“对……忠诚”。故填t。
[解析] 考查定语从句关系词。此处引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词all，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
[解析] 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个强大而残忍的宰相”；又pwerful以辅音音素开头，故填a。
[解析] 考查宾语从句引导词。介词fr后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，意为“……的东西”，应用引导词what。故填what。
10. _____________
[解析] 考查动词不定式。由语境可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式(t d)作目的状语。故填t prvide。
B[2020江苏常州高二期中] Shijing, als the Bk f Sngs r Shih-ching, is the 1.___________ (early) cllectin f Chinese petry. It cnsists f 305 pems 2.__________ (date) frm the early years f Western Zhu Dynasty t the middle stage f the Spring and Autumn Perid. Nwadays, Cnfucius is generally believed t be the 3.___________ (edit) f the bk. Shijing is rich in cntent, 4.______________ (reflect) lve and labr,
war and slavery, custms and marriage, ancestr wrship and special events. It is a mirrr f scial life. All the pems included in Shijing fall int three sectins-pems that cme frm villages belng t Feng; the pems 5._____________ (write)t persuade r praise the rulers belng t Ya; thse used at religius ceremnies belng t Sng. Ya and Sng are flwery and serius in language, 6.___________ Feng is relatively inspiring and full f passin.
The pening pem f Shijing, Cing and Wing(《关雎》), is abut lve, which 7.__________ (read): By riverside are cing A pair f turtledves; A gd yung man is wing A fair maiden he lves. Thrugh these lines, the pet expresses the man’s lnging 8.________ a girl and his hpe that ne day he can win ver the girl’s heart.
As the beginning f ancient Chinese petry, Shijing enables peple t have a better understanding f Chinese civilizatin. 9._______________________________________________ , it is als frequently quted in ther Chinese texts and has always been 10.______________ (refer) t as mral truth and lessns.
Mrever/Besides/Furthermre/Additinally
1. ___________
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章给我们介绍了《诗经》的一些知识。考查形容词最高级。根据常识和语境可知，《诗经》是中国最早的诗歌集，所以空处需用形容词最高级earliest。故填earliest。
2. _________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词cnsist，且空处前面没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词pems，空处动词date与名词pems之间是逻辑上的主动关系，需用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填dating。
3. _________
[解析] 考查名词。分析句子成分可知，此处需用名词editr，表示编辑，指孔子，名词需用单数形式。故填editr。
4. _____________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处需用非谓语动词，空处动词reflect与主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，需用现在分词形式。故填reflecting。
[解析] 考查过去分词。根据句子结构可知，空处需用分词作后置定语修饰名词pems，空处动词与名词pems之间是逻辑上的被动关系，需用过去分词作后置定语。故填written。
6. ________
[解析] 考查连词。根据语境可知，句子前后有对比之意，所以空处需用连词while表示“然而”。故填while。
7. ________
[解析] 考查动词时态和主谓一致。本句陈述一个事实，需用一般现在时，which指代The pening pem f Shijing，从句谓语动词需用单数reads。故填reads。
[解析] 考查固定搭配。lng fr意为“渴望”。此处缺少介词，故填fr。
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