还剩17页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：英语新牛津译林版选择性必修 第三册整套试卷随堂练习题
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
- Unit 3 Back to the past Part 3-2022版英语选择性必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析） 试卷 2 次下载
- Unit 3 Back to the past Part 4-2022版英语选择性必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析） 试卷 3 次下载
- Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites Part 1-2022版英语选择性必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析） 试卷 3 次下载
- Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites Part 2-2022版英语选择性必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析） 试卷 3 次下载
- Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites Part 3-2022版英语选择性必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析） 试卷 2 次下载
Unit 3 Back to the past 达标检测-2022版英语选择性必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）
展开
这是一份Unit 3 Back to the past 达标检测-2022版英语选择性必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析），共20页。
Unit 3 Back to the past
单元达标检测
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Friends of Charles Dickens
Dickens was born in 1812. His father, a clerk in the navy pay office, was thrown into debtors’ prison. The miserable treatment of children and the institution of the debtors’ jail became topics of several of Dickens’s novels.
Wilkie Collins (1824—1889)
Wilkie Collins was the son of the painter William Collins. He was born in London and lived in Italy and France as a child. Although twelve years younger than Dickens, Wilkie became one of Dickens’s best friends. He was a popular novelist who developed the mystery novel style. The Moonstone is one of his best. He and Dickens wrote No Thoroughfare.
John Elliotson (1791—1868)
Elliotson was Dickens’s family doctor for many years and thus they became good friends. Elliotson was an early advocate for the use of the stethoscope (听诊器). He also believed in the use of acupuncture (针灸).
Edgar Allan Poe (1809—1849)
Poe was an American author best known for his poems and short fiction. The Fall of the House of Usher and The Murders in the Rue Morgue are two of his most popular works. Dickens and Poe’s friendship began in Philadelphia while Dickens was on his first tour of the United States. They talked about literature and seemed to enjoy one another’s company. However,two years later Poe broke off the relationship because he was angry about an article on American poetry. The article was written by Thackeray, but Poe believed that Dickens was behind the article.
William Makepeace Thackeray (1811—1863)
William Makepeace Thackeray was a novelist. His best-known work is Vanity Fair. He was also a friend of Charles Dickens. While Dickens and Thackeray were friends, the relationship wasn’t always smooth. They had several serious quarrels. One quarrel involved Dickens siding with Edmund Yates after Yates insulted Thackeray.
1.Who had taken care of Dickens’s health for years?
A.Collins. B.Poe.
C.Elliotson. D.Thackeray.
2.What broke Dickens and Poe’s friendship?
A.A traffic accident.
B.Their ideas about running companies.
C.A poem written by Dickens.
D.An article written by Thackeray.
3.What is Thackeray’s most famous novel?
A.Vanity Fair.
B.The Moonstone.
C.The Fall of the House of Usher.
D.The Murders in the Rue Morgue.
B
A clever technologist took steamboat inventions and turned them into the first commercial steamboat service.
Although Robert Fulton did not invent the steamboat, as is commonly believed, he played an important role in making steamboat travel a reality. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1765. As a young man, he set out to make his name as a portrait painter. His career took him to Europe and into the orbit of people with the power to support him politically and financially.
Fulton entered London society after he painted Benjamin Franklin’s portrait. While abroad, Fulton left the arts for a career in shipbuilding. He was interested in the recently-invented steam engine, and thought it could be used to power ships. Fulton’s vision was not original; many others had entered the field, and the unfortunate inventor John Fitch had built a working steamship already. But like Henry Ford, Fulton’s talent lay not in the invention but in the product’s application in the marketplace.
Fulton didn’t focus entirely on the steamboat. In 1804, he tested the first submarine successfully, which he had built for the British Royal Navy. His invention would make him a celebrity upon his return to the United States two years later. Fulton’s partner Robert Livingston obtained an exclusive license for steamboat services on New York’s Hudson River. It was time for Fulton to deliver.
To build an efficient, reliable steamboat, Fulton used a special English steam engine. The ship’s bottom was flat and its stern was square. The steamboat Clermont made its debut(首次亮相)on August 17, 1807, steaming up the river from New York to Albany, and it soon entered commercial services. The hilly terrain of New York made water transport faster than land transport, and Fulton’s boat—formerly known as the “North River Steamboat”—was a hit. Within five years, Fulton would be running services on six major rivers plus the Chesapeake Bay, and bring in great profits.
4.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A.Henry Ford was as unfortunate as John Fitch.
B.Henry Ford was talented in product application.
C.Fulton left the arts as he couldn’t support himself.
D.Fulton was the first to create a working steamship.
5.When did Fulton become a celebrity in the United States?
A.In 1804. B.In 1806.
C.In 1807. D.In 1802.
6.What is mentioned about Clermont?
A.It operated for five years.
B.It earned Fulton much money.
C.It had an American steam engine.
D.It was not accepted by people at first.
7.What’s the best title of the text?
A.Robert Fulton and His Steamboat
B.Robert Fulton: A Great Inventor
C.Steamboats Changing Water Transport
D.The History of Commercial Steamboats
C
Motion pictures, also called films or movies, are series of still photographs on the film projected in rapid succession(一连串) onto a screen by means of light. This new art form became one of the most popular and influential media of the 20th century and beyond. In early twentieth-century France, a new form of entertainment was becoming a hit—motion pictures. People crowded into theatres for silent, short, black-and-white films that showed everyday happenings, such as a train pulling into a station. These images were dimly projected onto white sheets. Usually, there was no sound. Occasionally, men at pianos played music to match the scenes.
Later, with the introduction of colour and sound, the silent film soon disappeared. Colour and sound introduced a new world into the cinema and steadily grew more effective. It can be used to produce a powerful dramatic impression. Moving images at theatres are now no longer novel, but back at the beginning of the art form, surprises lurked (潜伏) around every corner. During the initial showings of basic silent movies, some people in the audience screamed in fear, reacting to what they saw as if it were happening in real life. Moviegoers were known to even leap out of their seats due to the trains on the screen. At that time, few people understood what motion pictures were, so audience members could easily be fooled.
Today, people crowd into theatres for the latest 3D movies. Even older movies, such as the popular Star Wars series, are being re-released in 3D.Moviemakers are excited about the ability to involve the audience more directly in the story or film. In addition, theatres invest tens of thousands of dollars on high-quality audio systems so that everything from the safest whispers to the largest explosions sounds clear and realistic. Sound, dialogue, and music are used in combination not only with one another but also with the visual image. They can overlap and vary in intensity in a flexible and complex pattern with those high-quality audio systems.
What will movies be like 100 years from now? Will audience be able to smell scents in the films, taste the food that characters are eating, or even become part of the stories themselves? Only time will tell.
8.What can we know about the motion pictures in early 20th-century France?
A.They were in colour.
B.They were the main form of entertainment.
C.They greatly appealed to people then.
D.They often had background music.
9.Why did the moviegoers leap out of their seats?
A.Because the movies were too scary.
B.Because they didn’t see trains in real life.
C.Because the old theaters were too crowded.
D.Because audiences were unfamiliar with the movies.
10.Why do theatres spend a lot on high-quality audio systems?
A.To re-release more old movies.
B.To develop movie-making technologies.
C.To improve moviegoers’ experience.
D.To make the explosions safe.
11.What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A.To explain how realistic movies are today.
B.To tell something about future movie plans.
C.To introduce the history of movie technology.
D.To compare movie theatres over the last century.
D
According to archaeological evidence, at least 5,000 years ago, and long before the rise of the Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars mainly to regulate planting and harvesting. They based their calendars on the cycles of the sun and the moon. Before the invention of artificial light, the moon had greater social impact. For those living near the equator in particular, its changes were more noticeable than the passing of the seasons. So the calendars that were developed at lower latitudes were influenced more by the lunar cycle than by the solar year. In more northern areas, however, where seasonal agriculture was practiced, the solar year became more vital.
Centuries before the Roman Empire, the Egyptians had developed a calendar having twelve months of thirty days, with five days added to approximate to the solar year. They divided the day into twelve temporal or seasonal hours. A temporal hour was one twelfth of the time from sunrise to sunset. Similarly, they divided the night into twelve hours from sunset to sunrise. These periods became known as temporal hours because their duration varied according to the changing length of days and nights with the passing of the seasons. In the daytime, summer hours were long, and winter ones short. Temporal hours, which were first adopted by the Greeks and then the Romans, who spread them through Europe, remained in use for more than 2,500 years.
In order to track temporal hours during the day, inventors created sundials(日晷). To keep time during the night, inventors designed another timekeeping instrument called the water clock. One of the first water clocks was a basin with a small hole near the bottom through which the water fell in drops. The falling water level showed the passing hour as it dipped below hour lines cut on the inner surface. Although these instruments performed satisfactorily around the Mediterranean, they could not always be depended on in the cloudy and often freezing weather of northern Europe. As a result, generations of inventors put their efforts into designing all-weather, more accurate timekeeping instruments.
12.The cycles of the sun had more influence on the ancient calendars used .
A.in more developed countries
B.in more southern areas
C.at higher latitudes
D.near the equator
13.Which of the following were the inventors of seasonal hours?
A.The Babylonians.
B.The Egyptians.
C.The Greeks.
D.The Romans.
14.What was one of the disadvantages of the water clock?
A.It was very expensive.
B.It wasted too much water.
C.It couldn’t show the correct time.
D.It didn’t work properly in icy weather.
15.What is the text mainly about?
A.The passing of the seasons.
B.The invention of artificial light.
C.The early history of timekeeping.
D.The calendars used in Roman times.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Story of Music
How did music begin? Did our early ancestors first start by beating things together to create rhythm, or using their voices to sing? What types of instruments did they use? 16 The answers show that the history of music is, in many ways, the history of humans.
So, what is music?
This is difficult to answer, as everyone has their own idea. “Sound that conveys emotion” is what Jeremy Montagu of the University of Oxford and author of the article describes.
17
If we take singing, then controlling pitch (音高) is important. Scientists have studied the skulls and jaws of early apes, to see if they were able to make a sound and control pitch. Another important component of music is rhythm. Our early ancestors may have created rhythmic music by clapping their hands. 18
Many of these instruments are likely to have been made from soft materials like wood, and so haven’t survived. What have survived are bone pipes. So, music is old, and may have been with us from when humans first evolved.
But why did it arise and why has it existed?
There are many possible functions of music. One is dancing. Another obvious reason for music is entertainment. 19
However, the major reason why music arises and exists may be that it brings people together. 20 He concludes: “It has even been suggested that music, in causing such bonding, created not only the family but society itself, bringing individuals together who might otherwise have lived alone.”
A.When did our ancestors begin making music?
B.Music can express certain emotion that you can feel.
C.This may be linked to the earliest musical instruments.
D.Our ancestors created music by beating stones or sticks by accident.
E.Has music always been important in human society, and if so, why?
F.Music can also be used for communication, often over large distances.
G.“Music leads to bonding, such as bonding between mother and child or bonding between groups,” explains Montagu.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The fourth-grader, Sarah Haycox, made it her mission to right a wrong. And in doing so, she has shown the world what one 21 person, with passion, can do.
One day, when 22 by an athletic field near her school, Sarah noticed a small 23 with the name Edwin T. Pratt and the year 1930—1969 on it. She 24 who he was and what he did.
After some 25 , she learned that he was a civil rights leader who had done many good things to 26 others. Sadly, he was 27 just because someone disagreed with what he was doing.
Feeling that the small memorial was 28 big enough for a man who had so much 29 on others, Sarah 30 to do something!
There was a new 31 going up nearby for young kids. She found out who were 32 the building project and asked them if it could be named after Mr. Pratt. Through great efforts, her vision came to reality! Almost 50 years after his death, Edwin T. Pratt’s life and impact will be celebrated as the name of the new school.
Most kids simply had walked by the memorial without thinking about who Mr. Pratt was. But Sarah had the 33 to learn more, the vision of imagining something better and the courage to 34 her idea. Her amazing actions have 35 many other young people around the world.
21.A.honest B.young
C.clever D.shy
22.A.walking B.running
C.riding D.driving
23.A.museum B.church
C.board D.memorial
24.A.forgot B.realized
C.wondered D.explained
25.A.discussion B.research
C.practice D.thought
26.A.teach B.rescue
C.help D.repay
27.A.killed B.punished
C.blamed D.arrested
28.A.rarely B.simply
C.merely D.hardly
29.A.impact B.impression
C.reflection D.dependence
30.A.stopped B.decided
C.happened D.announced
31.A.library B.theatre
C.school D.hospital
32.A.in need of B.in search of
C.in favour of D.in charge of
33.A.curiosity B.confidence
C.chance D.energy
34.A.prove B.change
C.present D.pursue
35.A.astonished B.inspired
C.attracted D.protected
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The abacus(算盘) was a great invention in ancient China. The abacus 36 (invent) on the basis of small sticks. Later, with the 37 (develop) of productivity, the amount of calculation was 38 (great). And calculation with counting sticks limited the calculation. Thus, people invented a more 39 (advance) counter—the abacus.
With the application of the abacus, people summarized many abacus rhymes(珠算口诀), 40 (increase) the calculating speed. By the time of the Ming Dynasty, people could use the abacus in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, 41 were widely used for calculating the weight, amount, space and volume.
Since it was easy to make or buy 42 abacus, and it was also easy to remember abacus rhymes, the abacus was widely used in ancient China. Later, the abacus was 43 (gradual) spread into Japan, Korea and some countries and regions in South-East Asia.
People find that using abacuses can improve thinking and practical abilities in addition 44 providing convenient calculation. Since it 45 (require) cooperation of mind, eyes and the hand, it is a good way to improve the comprehensive reaction ability.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假如你是李华,准备参加一家英文报社举办的演讲比赛,你需要写一篇演讲稿。你打算写一篇介绍马可·波罗的文章,内容包括:
人物
马可·波罗(Marco Polo)
职业
意大利著名旅行家
事件
1.于13世纪沿着古代丝绸之路来到中国;
2.在中国居住了17年,参观过很多地方,惊叹于中国的美丽和强大;
3.把中国的文化和科技发明介绍到世界其他地区。
你的评价
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数;
3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Hello, everyone,
Thank you.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Dad and Mom had to go on a four-day business trip. They taught their elder son Daniel and younger daughter Jane how to feed and look after their dog, Spot, how to take good care of themselves—learning to cook if they could, or ordering pizza (with money left on the table) if they were busy, and told them to keep their rooms clean and tidy. They asked Daniel to be in charge.
On the very morning when the parents left, Mom kissed them and said to Daniel gently, “Young man, do take care of Spot and Jane.” Daniel promised, “I will, Mom.”
Too excited to fall asleep again, Daniel and Jane jumped out of bed, calling out to each other to get up. Their pet dog, Spot, heard the similar voice and rushed in, with a ball in its mouth. Jane stuck(伸) her head into Daniel’s room,“Spot got up an hour earlier. Let’s walk it.” Daniel said excitedly,“I’m coming. But, Jane, don’t forget to keep your room clean and tidy.” “I will.”
They ran with the dog in the yard and threw the ball away for Spot to bring it back. They had fun playing with Spot the whole morning. Washing Spot was slow and tiring as it was the first time they had done that. Then Daniel settled down to his homework while Jane did her reading with interest.
The following day, Jane begged her brother to order pizza for lunch. Daniel agreed excitedly, “We haven’t tasted that for long and we behave ourselves, right?” After a while, he added, “We should save money, too.” Within half an hour, they treated themselves to a big pizza. However, in the afternoon, Spot looked sick, lying lazily and unwilling to move. Daniel was concerned about the dog and took it to the pet clinic immediately with Jane as their parents had done.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
When Dad and Mom arrived a day earlier, they were amazed to find everything in a mess.
Paragraph 2:
Daniel ran into his room, with tears in his eyes, “Jane, there is no need to explain and Mom won’t trust me any longer.”
答案全解全析
Unit 3 Back to the past
单元达标检测
1.C
2.D
3.A
4.B
5.B
6.B
7.A
8.C
9.D
10.C
11.C
12.C
13.B
14.D
15.C
16.E
17.A
18.C
19.F
20.G
21.B
22.A
23.D
24.C
25.B
26.C
27.A
28.D
29.A
30.B
31.C
32.D
33.A
34.D
35.B
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯的四位朋友。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Elliotson was Dickens’s family doctor for many years and thus they became good friends.”可知,Elliotson是Dickens多年的家庭医生,因此可推知他多年照顾Dickens的健康。故选C项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“However, two years later Poe broke off the relationship because he was angry about an article on American poetry. The article was written by Thackeray, but Poe believed that Dickens was behind the article.”可知,两年后,Poe因为对一篇关于美国诗歌的文章感到愤怒而断绝了这段关系。这篇文章是Thackeray写的,但Poe认为这篇文章的背后是Dickens,故Thackeray写的一篇文章破坏了Dickens和Poe的友谊。故选D项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“William Makepeace Thackeray was a novelist. His best-known work is Vanity Fair.”可知,William Makepeace Thackeray是一位小说家。他最著名的作品是Vanity Fair。故选A项。
【高频词汇】 1.miserable adj.悲惨的,痛苦的 2.advocate n.拥护者 3.company n.陪伴,同伴 4.break off 终止(关系),突然停止 5.side with sb.支持某人,和某人站在一起
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国人罗伯特·富尔顿,他最初是一位画家,后来致力于研究蒸汽船的应用。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第三段可知,Fulton是在为本杰明·富兰克林画像后进入伦敦社交圈的。在国外的时候,Fulton离开了艺术界,转而从事造船业。他对最近发明的蒸汽机感兴趣,认为它可以用来为船只提供动力。Fulton的设想并非原创,很多人都进入了这个领域,发明家John Fitch已经造出了一艘可以工作的蒸汽船。但就像Henry Ford一样,Fulton的才能不在于发明,而在于产品在市场上的应用。故可推知,Henry Ford的天赋在于产品的应用。故选B项。根据本段的意思,可以判断D项“Fulton是第一个发明可以工作的蒸汽船的人”与文意不符;A项“Henry Ford和John Fitch一样不幸”、C项“Fulton因为无法养活自己而离开了艺术界”在文中没有相关信息。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In 1804, he tested the first submarine successfully...His invention would make him a celebrity upon his return to the United States two years later.”可知,1804年Robert Fulton成功测试了第一艘潜水艇,这使得他在两年后一回到美国就成了名人,故他是在1806年成了美国的名人的。故选B项。
6.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Fulton’s boat—formerly known as the ‘North River Steamboat’—was a hit. Within five years, Fulton would be running services on six major rivers plus the Chesapeake Bay, and bring in great profits.”可知,Fulton的船受到了人们的欢迎,带来了很大的利润。故选B项。
7.A 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了Robert Fulton的经历以及他改良蒸汽船的过程,故A项适合作本文的标题。B项“Robert Fulton:伟大的发明家”非常笼统,并且缺少了蒸汽船的改进过程这个主要内容;C项“蒸汽船改变水路运输”与文意不符;D项“商业蒸汽船的历史”范围过大,并且缺失了Fulton的相关信息。
【高频词汇】 1.commercial adj.商业的 2.original adj.首创的;原来的 3.obtain v.获得 4.exclusive adj.专用的;独有的
5.efficient adj.效率高的 6.profit n.利润
长难句分析
原句 Although Robert Fulton did not invent the steamboat, as is commonly believed, he played an important role in making steamboat travel a reality.
分析 该句是一个主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句。as is commonly believed是一个定语从句, as指代前面Robert Fulton did not invent the steamboat的内容,可以翻译为“正如”。
句意 尽管罗伯特·富尔顿并没有发明蒸汽船,正如人们通常认为的那样,但他在使蒸汽船旅行成为现实方面发挥了重要作用。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电影技术的发展历史。
8.C 细节理解题。由第一段中的“In early twentieth-century France, a new form of entertainment was becoming a hit—motion pictures. People crowded into theatres for silent, short, black-and-white films”可知,20世纪初,在法国,电影作为一种新的娱乐形式很受人们欢迎,以至于人们挤进剧院看电影,说明电影对人们很有吸引力。根据信息词black-and-white films可以判断那时候的电影都是黑白的,因此A项错误。B项“它们是主要的娱乐形式”,文中提到电影受欢迎,但没有提到电影是主要的娱乐形式。根据第一段中的“Usually, there was no sound. Occasionally, men at pianos played music to match the scenes.”可以判断D项是错误的,电影的背景音乐是后来才有的。故选C项。
9.D 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Moviegoers were known to even leap out of their seats due to the trains on the screen. At that time, few people understood what motion pictures were, so audience members could easily be fooled.”可知,电影观众甚至因为屏幕上的火车而跳离座位。当时,很少有人了解电影是什么,所以观众很容易被愚弄。由于当时观众对电影不熟悉,以为电影里发生的事是真的,所以会做出在现实里会做出的反应,如看到火车就跑开,因此观众会跳离座位是因为观众对电影不熟悉。由此可以判断A、B、C三个选项不符合文意。故选D项。
10.C 细节理解题。由第三段中的“In addition, theatres invest tens of thousands of dollars on high-quality audio systems so that everything from the safest whispers to the largest explosions sounds clear and realistic.”可知,剧院投入数万美元购买高质量的音响系统,这样从最小心的低语到最大的爆炸声听起来都清晰而真实。所以买高质量的音响系统是为了提高影迷的体验。A项“为了重新发行更多的老电影”、B项“为了发展电影制作技术”以及D项“为了使爆炸安全”均不符合文意。故选C项。
11.C 推理判断题。文章第一段引入电影这种新的艺术形式,开始是无声黑白电影,第二段讲有声彩色电影出现了,第三段讲3D电影的出现,影院的高质量的音响系统让观众有更好的观影体验,最后一段向读者提出疑问——从现在起100年后电影会是什么样子,并畅想了未来电影的样子,可知文章主要介绍了电影的发展历史,因此作者写这篇文章的目的是C项“介绍电影技术的发展历史”,由此也可以判断其他三个选项不符合题意。故选C项。
【高频词汇】 1.occasionally adv.偶尔地 2.dramatic adj.戏剧性的;引人注目的 3.initial adj.最初的 4.intensity n.强度,强烈 5.flexible adj.灵活的 6.complex adj.复杂的
长难句分析
原句 During the initial showings of basic silent movies, some people in the audience screamed in fear, reacting to what they saw as if it were happening in real life.
分析 During the initial showings of basic silent movies为时间状语, reacting to...in real life为现在分词短语作伴随状语。从句what they saw作reacting to的宾语。as if引导方式状语从句,从句用了虚拟语气,表示与事实相反的情况。
句意 在最初的最简单的无声电影放映期间,观众中有一些人会害怕地尖叫起来,对他们所看到的事情作出反应,就好像它正发生在现实生活中一样。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了古代的计时方法。
12.C 细节理解题。由第一段中的“So the calendars that were developed at lower latitudes were influenced more by the lunar cycle than by the solar year. In more northern areas...the solar year became more vital.”可知,月亮的周期对低纬度地区的历法影响更大,而太阳的周期对高纬度地区(即更靠北的地区)的历法影响更大。故选C项。
13.B 细节理解题。由第二段中的“the Egyptians...divided the day into twelve temporal or seasonal hours”可知答案。另根据第二段中的“Temporal hours, which were first adopted by the Greeks and then the Romans”可知, seasonal hours首先被希腊人采用,然后是罗马人,但希腊人和罗马人不是seasonal hours的发明者,因此C、D两项错误。根据第一段的内容可以判断A项错误,巴比伦人也不是seasonal hours的发明者。故选B项。
14.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“they could not always be depended on in the cloudy and often freezing weather of northern Europe”及常识可知,水时钟在冬天结冰时不能正常工作。A、B、C三个选项文章没有提及。故选D项。
15.C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文介绍了古代计时的方法,所以本文是一篇关于人类早期计时历史的文章。故选C项。
【高频词汇】 1.regulate v.控制;调节 2.artificial adj.人造的 3.approximate v.接近 4.duration n.持续时间,期间 5.accurate adj.精确的
长难句分析
原句 Temporal hours, which were first adopted by the Greeks and then the Romans, who spread them through Europe, remained in use for more than 2,500 years.
分析 该句是一个主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Temporal hours,who引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Romans。
句意 计时法最先被希腊人采用,然后是罗马人,罗马人将其传遍欧洲,一直用了2,500多年。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。音乐史在许多方面就是人类历史,音乐在人类社会中一直都扮演着重要的角色。为什么会有音乐的存在?音乐又是什么时候产生的呢?本文对此作了简要介绍。
16.E 下句提到音乐史在许多方面上就是人类史。E项提出问题,问到音乐在人类社会中是否一直都很重要及其重要的原因,恰能引起下文,符合语境。
17.A 根据该空下一段的内容可知,科学家们已经研究了早期类人猿的头盖骨和颌骨,看它们是否能够发出声音和控制音高。也就是说,科学家们研究了什么时候开始有音乐。而选项中只有A项与什么时候开始创作音乐有关,故选A项为本段小标题。
18.C 上一句提到我们的早期祖先可能通过拍手来创作有节奏的音乐。C项点明这可能和最早的乐器有关联,符合语境。同时C项中的instruments照应下文中的these instruments。
19.F 根据本段前的小标题可知,本段主要讲的是音乐产生和存在的原因。F项点明音乐也可以用于交流,通常是远距离的交流,这正是音乐存在的原因之一,所以选择F项。
20.G 上一句提到音乐产生和存在的主要原因可能是它能使人们团结起来。G项点明音乐会促进人与人之间的关系,比如母亲和孩子之间的关系,或者是群体之间的联系,符合本段语境。G项中的bonding和上一句中的brings people together为同义表达,下一句中的代词He指代的是G项中的Montagu。
【高频词汇】 1.component n.组成部分 2.evolve v.发展,进化
3.conclude v.得出结论 4.bonding n.人与人之间的关系
5.individual n.个人
长难句分析
原句 However, the major reason why music arises and exists may be that it brings people together.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。定语从句why music arises and exists修饰the major reason,that引导表语从句。
句意 然而,音乐产生和存在的主要原因可能是它使人们联系起来。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公Sarah通过自己的努力,让一个已被人忘记的民权领袖重新被人纪念的故事。
21.B 根据上文提到四年级的Sarah Haycox及最后一段最后一句中的“other young people”可知应是年轻人。故选B项。
22.A 根据最后一段第一句 “Most kids simply had walked by the memorial without thinking about who Mr. Pratt was.”可知,此处指她 “走过” 运动场。故选A项。
23.D 根据最后一段第一句“Most kids simply had walked by the memorial without thinking about who Mr. Pratt was.”可知,此处应是她注意到一个小“纪念碑”。故选D项。
24.C 根据第三段第一句话,她做了一些研究,最后知道了纪念碑上的人的身份。故可推知,此处表示她 “想知道” 。故选C项。
25.B 根据后面她得知的内容,说明是在“研究,调查”后得知的。故选B项。
26.C 根据上文可知,Edwin T. Pratt是一位民权领袖。人们给他树立了纪念碑,由此可知,他一定帮助过很多人。故选C项。
27.A 有人不同意他的做法,因此他被杀害了。故选A项。
28.D 根据上文可知,Edwin T. Pratt是一位民权领袖,为人们做了很多事情。因此可知,一个小小的纪念碑是不够的。另外根据后文可知,Sarah觉得纪念碑不够大,所以她找了一所学校来以他的名字命名。故选D项。
29.A 上文提到了作为一位民权领袖,他帮助了很多人。同时Sarah觉得一个小小的纪念碑是不够的,因为他“影响” 了很多人。故选A项。
30.B 由下文可知Sarah为了纪念这位民权领袖,找了一所学校来以他的名字命名。因此可知,此处表示Sarah决定做点什么。故选B项。
31.C 根据倒数第二段最后一句提到的新“学校” 可知,此处指新建一所儿童学校。故选C项。
32.D 根据下文“asked them if it could be named after Mr. Pratt.”可知,她弄清楚了 “负责” 这个建筑项目的人,然后问他们能否以Pratt先生的名字命名这所学校。故选D项。
33.A 根据上文提到的她想知道他是谁,他做了什么事可知,Sarah有好奇心想要知道更多。故此处的curiosity和第24题的wondered相互呼应。故选A项。
34.D 根据上文提及的当Sarah觉得纪念碑太小,不足以纪念这位民权领袖时,她找到新建学校项目的负责人,成功地说服了他以Edwin T. Pratt的名字来命名这所学校。由此可见Sarah有追求自己想法的勇气。故选D项。
35.B 此处和文章第一段构成首尾呼应。根据第一段提及 “她向世界展示了一个有激情的年轻人可以做到的事情”可知,她的行为“激励”了世界各地很多其他的年轻人。故选B项。
【高频词汇】 1.mission n.使命, 任务 2.passion n.激情,热情
3.be named after...以……命名 4.vision n.想象;远见卓识
5.in favour of支持,赞同
长难句分析
原句 Feeling that the small memorial was hardly big enough for a man who had so much impact on others, Sarah decided to do something!
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。Feeling that...so much impact on others 在句中作状语,that引导宾语从句。who引导定语从句,修饰先行词man。
句意 萨拉觉得对一个对他人有如此大的影响的人来说,这个小小的纪念碑实在不够大,她决定做点什么!
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文,文章介绍了中国算盘与珠算的起源、发展及其对人的综合反应能力的益处。
36.was invented 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:算盘是在小棍子的基础上发明的。空处作谓语,invent与主语The abacus之间是被动关系,且动作发生在过去,所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。The abacus为第三人称单数,故填was invented。
37.development 考查名词。句意:后来,随着生产力的发展,计算量变得更大了。空处作介词with的宾语,由空前的the和空后的of可知,此处要用名词。
38.greater 考查形容词比较级。句意同上一题。此处指计算量比以前大了,所以要用形容词的比较级。
39.advanced 考查形容词。句意:因此,人们发明了一种更先进的计算器——算盘。空处作定语修饰后面的名词counter,所以要用形容词形式,表示“先进的”。
40.increasing 考查非谓语动词。句意:随着算盘的应用,人们总结了许多珠算口诀,提高了计算速度。increasing the calculating speed为现在分词短语作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。
41.which 考查关系词。句意:到了明代,人们可以用算盘做加法、减法、乘法、除法,这些算法被广泛用于计算重量、数量、空间和体积。“ 41 were widely used for calculating the weight, amount, space and volume”是非限制性定语从句,先行词为“addition, subtraction, multiplication and division”,空处要用关系代词which在从句中作主语。注意:that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
42.an 考查冠词。句意:因为算盘很容易制作或购买,珠算口诀也很容易记住,所以算盘在中国古代被广泛使用。空后的abacus是可数名词单数,此处表示泛指,且abacus以元音音素开头,所以要用不定冠词an。
43.gradually 考查副词。句意:后来算盘逐渐传入日本、朝鲜以及东南亚的一些国家和地区。空处作状语修饰谓语动词was spread,所以要用副词。
44.to 考查介词。句意:人们发现使用算盘除了可以提供方便的运算外,还可以提高思维和实践能力。in addition to是固定短语,意为“除……之外(还)”。
45.requires 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:因为它需要心、眼、手的配合,所以它是提高综合反应能力的好方法。此处陈述的是关于珠算的常识,所以要用一般现在时;主语是it,所以谓语动词要用单数形式。
【高频词汇】 1.productivity n.生产力 2.calculation n.计算 3.application n.应用 4.rhyme n.押韵的短诗 5.comprehensive adj.综合的
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Hello, everyone,
Among all the foreign travellers, my favourite is Marco Polo,a famous Italian traveller who travelled along the ancient Silk Road to China in the 13th century.
He lived in China for 17 years, visiting many parts of China and was amazed to find how beautiful and powerful China was. He introduced Chinese culture and scientific inventions to other parts of the world.
In my opinion, Marco Polo was really a great traveller, whose mission was to promote the exchange of different cultures and spread the seeds of civilisation.
Thank you.
第二节
写作指导
故事
要素
Time
during parents’ four-day business trip
Place
at their home
Character
Daniel,Jane, their dog Spot, their parents
What
Dad and Mom had to go on a business trip and left Daniel in charge of their house. However, despite having great fun, their dog Spot got sick.
情节
Beginning
Dad and Mom had to go on a business trip and left Daniel in charge.
Development
Daniel took good care of Jane and their dog Spot.
续写
方向
Para. 1
When Dad and Mom arrived a day earlier, they were amazed to find everything in a mess.
①父母有什么反应?
②Daniel和Jane会怎样做?
Para. 2
Daniel ran into his room, with tears in his eyes,“Jane, there is no need to explain and Mom won’t trust me any longer.”
①Daniel的心情如何?
②父母得知真相后的反应。
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
When Dad and Mom arrived a day earlier, they were amazed to find everything in a mess. Mom was angry and shouted to Daniel, “Listen to me, young man—I left you in charge. We thought you would act like an adult, but look at the mess. The money for food has been used up but why does Spot still look hungry? What did you do with the money we left?” Jane explained anxiously, “Mummy, Spot is sick, so we spent the rest of the money taking it to the pet clinic.”
Paragraph 2:
Daniel ran into his room, with tears in his eyes, “Jane, there is no need to explain and Mom won’t trust me any longer.” Comforting Mom, Dad said calmly, “There is probably a good explanation for everything.” Hearing the little daughter’s words, Mom understood that the reason why they had no time to clean the house was that they waited for Spot at the clinic all day. Mom regretted acting so angrily and was satisfied that Daniel learnt to be responsible for others. She apologized to Daniel sincerely and hugged him in her arms, saying,“You are really growing into a young man.”
Unit 3 Back to the past
单元达标检测
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Friends of Charles Dickens
Dickens was born in 1812. His father, a clerk in the navy pay office, was thrown into debtors’ prison. The miserable treatment of children and the institution of the debtors’ jail became topics of several of Dickens’s novels.
Wilkie Collins (1824—1889)
Wilkie Collins was the son of the painter William Collins. He was born in London and lived in Italy and France as a child. Although twelve years younger than Dickens, Wilkie became one of Dickens’s best friends. He was a popular novelist who developed the mystery novel style. The Moonstone is one of his best. He and Dickens wrote No Thoroughfare.
John Elliotson (1791—1868)
Elliotson was Dickens’s family doctor for many years and thus they became good friends. Elliotson was an early advocate for the use of the stethoscope (听诊器). He also believed in the use of acupuncture (针灸).
Edgar Allan Poe (1809—1849)
Poe was an American author best known for his poems and short fiction. The Fall of the House of Usher and The Murders in the Rue Morgue are two of his most popular works. Dickens and Poe’s friendship began in Philadelphia while Dickens was on his first tour of the United States. They talked about literature and seemed to enjoy one another’s company. However,two years later Poe broke off the relationship because he was angry about an article on American poetry. The article was written by Thackeray, but Poe believed that Dickens was behind the article.
William Makepeace Thackeray (1811—1863)
William Makepeace Thackeray was a novelist. His best-known work is Vanity Fair. He was also a friend of Charles Dickens. While Dickens and Thackeray were friends, the relationship wasn’t always smooth. They had several serious quarrels. One quarrel involved Dickens siding with Edmund Yates after Yates insulted Thackeray.
1.Who had taken care of Dickens’s health for years?
A.Collins. B.Poe.
C.Elliotson. D.Thackeray.
2.What broke Dickens and Poe’s friendship?
A.A traffic accident.
B.Their ideas about running companies.
C.A poem written by Dickens.
D.An article written by Thackeray.
3.What is Thackeray’s most famous novel?
A.Vanity Fair.
B.The Moonstone.
C.The Fall of the House of Usher.
D.The Murders in the Rue Morgue.
B
A clever technologist took steamboat inventions and turned them into the first commercial steamboat service.
Although Robert Fulton did not invent the steamboat, as is commonly believed, he played an important role in making steamboat travel a reality. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1765. As a young man, he set out to make his name as a portrait painter. His career took him to Europe and into the orbit of people with the power to support him politically and financially.
Fulton entered London society after he painted Benjamin Franklin’s portrait. While abroad, Fulton left the arts for a career in shipbuilding. He was interested in the recently-invented steam engine, and thought it could be used to power ships. Fulton’s vision was not original; many others had entered the field, and the unfortunate inventor John Fitch had built a working steamship already. But like Henry Ford, Fulton’s talent lay not in the invention but in the product’s application in the marketplace.
Fulton didn’t focus entirely on the steamboat. In 1804, he tested the first submarine successfully, which he had built for the British Royal Navy. His invention would make him a celebrity upon his return to the United States two years later. Fulton’s partner Robert Livingston obtained an exclusive license for steamboat services on New York’s Hudson River. It was time for Fulton to deliver.
To build an efficient, reliable steamboat, Fulton used a special English steam engine. The ship’s bottom was flat and its stern was square. The steamboat Clermont made its debut(首次亮相)on August 17, 1807, steaming up the river from New York to Albany, and it soon entered commercial services. The hilly terrain of New York made water transport faster than land transport, and Fulton’s boat—formerly known as the “North River Steamboat”—was a hit. Within five years, Fulton would be running services on six major rivers plus the Chesapeake Bay, and bring in great profits.
4.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A.Henry Ford was as unfortunate as John Fitch.
B.Henry Ford was talented in product application.
C.Fulton left the arts as he couldn’t support himself.
D.Fulton was the first to create a working steamship.
5.When did Fulton become a celebrity in the United States?
A.In 1804. B.In 1806.
C.In 1807. D.In 1802.
6.What is mentioned about Clermont?
A.It operated for five years.
B.It earned Fulton much money.
C.It had an American steam engine.
D.It was not accepted by people at first.
7.What’s the best title of the text?
A.Robert Fulton and His Steamboat
B.Robert Fulton: A Great Inventor
C.Steamboats Changing Water Transport
D.The History of Commercial Steamboats
C
Motion pictures, also called films or movies, are series of still photographs on the film projected in rapid succession(一连串) onto a screen by means of light. This new art form became one of the most popular and influential media of the 20th century and beyond. In early twentieth-century France, a new form of entertainment was becoming a hit—motion pictures. People crowded into theatres for silent, short, black-and-white films that showed everyday happenings, such as a train pulling into a station. These images were dimly projected onto white sheets. Usually, there was no sound. Occasionally, men at pianos played music to match the scenes.
Later, with the introduction of colour and sound, the silent film soon disappeared. Colour and sound introduced a new world into the cinema and steadily grew more effective. It can be used to produce a powerful dramatic impression. Moving images at theatres are now no longer novel, but back at the beginning of the art form, surprises lurked (潜伏) around every corner. During the initial showings of basic silent movies, some people in the audience screamed in fear, reacting to what they saw as if it were happening in real life. Moviegoers were known to even leap out of their seats due to the trains on the screen. At that time, few people understood what motion pictures were, so audience members could easily be fooled.
Today, people crowd into theatres for the latest 3D movies. Even older movies, such as the popular Star Wars series, are being re-released in 3D.Moviemakers are excited about the ability to involve the audience more directly in the story or film. In addition, theatres invest tens of thousands of dollars on high-quality audio systems so that everything from the safest whispers to the largest explosions sounds clear and realistic. Sound, dialogue, and music are used in combination not only with one another but also with the visual image. They can overlap and vary in intensity in a flexible and complex pattern with those high-quality audio systems.
What will movies be like 100 years from now? Will audience be able to smell scents in the films, taste the food that characters are eating, or even become part of the stories themselves? Only time will tell.
8.What can we know about the motion pictures in early 20th-century France?
A.They were in colour.
B.They were the main form of entertainment.
C.They greatly appealed to people then.
D.They often had background music.
9.Why did the moviegoers leap out of their seats?
A.Because the movies were too scary.
B.Because they didn’t see trains in real life.
C.Because the old theaters were too crowded.
D.Because audiences were unfamiliar with the movies.
10.Why do theatres spend a lot on high-quality audio systems?
A.To re-release more old movies.
B.To develop movie-making technologies.
C.To improve moviegoers’ experience.
D.To make the explosions safe.
11.What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A.To explain how realistic movies are today.
B.To tell something about future movie plans.
C.To introduce the history of movie technology.
D.To compare movie theatres over the last century.
D
According to archaeological evidence, at least 5,000 years ago, and long before the rise of the Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars mainly to regulate planting and harvesting. They based their calendars on the cycles of the sun and the moon. Before the invention of artificial light, the moon had greater social impact. For those living near the equator in particular, its changes were more noticeable than the passing of the seasons. So the calendars that were developed at lower latitudes were influenced more by the lunar cycle than by the solar year. In more northern areas, however, where seasonal agriculture was practiced, the solar year became more vital.
Centuries before the Roman Empire, the Egyptians had developed a calendar having twelve months of thirty days, with five days added to approximate to the solar year. They divided the day into twelve temporal or seasonal hours. A temporal hour was one twelfth of the time from sunrise to sunset. Similarly, they divided the night into twelve hours from sunset to sunrise. These periods became known as temporal hours because their duration varied according to the changing length of days and nights with the passing of the seasons. In the daytime, summer hours were long, and winter ones short. Temporal hours, which were first adopted by the Greeks and then the Romans, who spread them through Europe, remained in use for more than 2,500 years.
In order to track temporal hours during the day, inventors created sundials(日晷). To keep time during the night, inventors designed another timekeeping instrument called the water clock. One of the first water clocks was a basin with a small hole near the bottom through which the water fell in drops. The falling water level showed the passing hour as it dipped below hour lines cut on the inner surface. Although these instruments performed satisfactorily around the Mediterranean, they could not always be depended on in the cloudy and often freezing weather of northern Europe. As a result, generations of inventors put their efforts into designing all-weather, more accurate timekeeping instruments.
12.The cycles of the sun had more influence on the ancient calendars used .
A.in more developed countries
B.in more southern areas
C.at higher latitudes
D.near the equator
13.Which of the following were the inventors of seasonal hours?
A.The Babylonians.
B.The Egyptians.
C.The Greeks.
D.The Romans.
14.What was one of the disadvantages of the water clock?
A.It was very expensive.
B.It wasted too much water.
C.It couldn’t show the correct time.
D.It didn’t work properly in icy weather.
15.What is the text mainly about?
A.The passing of the seasons.
B.The invention of artificial light.
C.The early history of timekeeping.
D.The calendars used in Roman times.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Story of Music
How did music begin? Did our early ancestors first start by beating things together to create rhythm, or using their voices to sing? What types of instruments did they use? 16 The answers show that the history of music is, in many ways, the history of humans.
So, what is music?
This is difficult to answer, as everyone has their own idea. “Sound that conveys emotion” is what Jeremy Montagu of the University of Oxford and author of the article describes.
17
If we take singing, then controlling pitch (音高) is important. Scientists have studied the skulls and jaws of early apes, to see if they were able to make a sound and control pitch. Another important component of music is rhythm. Our early ancestors may have created rhythmic music by clapping their hands. 18
Many of these instruments are likely to have been made from soft materials like wood, and so haven’t survived. What have survived are bone pipes. So, music is old, and may have been with us from when humans first evolved.
But why did it arise and why has it existed?
There are many possible functions of music. One is dancing. Another obvious reason for music is entertainment. 19
However, the major reason why music arises and exists may be that it brings people together. 20 He concludes: “It has even been suggested that music, in causing such bonding, created not only the family but society itself, bringing individuals together who might otherwise have lived alone.”
A.When did our ancestors begin making music?
B.Music can express certain emotion that you can feel.
C.This may be linked to the earliest musical instruments.
D.Our ancestors created music by beating stones or sticks by accident.
E.Has music always been important in human society, and if so, why?
F.Music can also be used for communication, often over large distances.
G.“Music leads to bonding, such as bonding between mother and child or bonding between groups,” explains Montagu.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The fourth-grader, Sarah Haycox, made it her mission to right a wrong. And in doing so, she has shown the world what one 21 person, with passion, can do.
One day, when 22 by an athletic field near her school, Sarah noticed a small 23 with the name Edwin T. Pratt and the year 1930—1969 on it. She 24 who he was and what he did.
After some 25 , she learned that he was a civil rights leader who had done many good things to 26 others. Sadly, he was 27 just because someone disagreed with what he was doing.
Feeling that the small memorial was 28 big enough for a man who had so much 29 on others, Sarah 30 to do something!
There was a new 31 going up nearby for young kids. She found out who were 32 the building project and asked them if it could be named after Mr. Pratt. Through great efforts, her vision came to reality! Almost 50 years after his death, Edwin T. Pratt’s life and impact will be celebrated as the name of the new school.
Most kids simply had walked by the memorial without thinking about who Mr. Pratt was. But Sarah had the 33 to learn more, the vision of imagining something better and the courage to 34 her idea. Her amazing actions have 35 many other young people around the world.
21.A.honest B.young
C.clever D.shy
22.A.walking B.running
C.riding D.driving
23.A.museum B.church
C.board D.memorial
24.A.forgot B.realized
C.wondered D.explained
25.A.discussion B.research
C.practice D.thought
26.A.teach B.rescue
C.help D.repay
27.A.killed B.punished
C.blamed D.arrested
28.A.rarely B.simply
C.merely D.hardly
29.A.impact B.impression
C.reflection D.dependence
30.A.stopped B.decided
C.happened D.announced
31.A.library B.theatre
C.school D.hospital
32.A.in need of B.in search of
C.in favour of D.in charge of
33.A.curiosity B.confidence
C.chance D.energy
34.A.prove B.change
C.present D.pursue
35.A.astonished B.inspired
C.attracted D.protected
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The abacus(算盘) was a great invention in ancient China. The abacus 36 (invent) on the basis of small sticks. Later, with the 37 (develop) of productivity, the amount of calculation was 38 (great). And calculation with counting sticks limited the calculation. Thus, people invented a more 39 (advance) counter—the abacus.
With the application of the abacus, people summarized many abacus rhymes(珠算口诀), 40 (increase) the calculating speed. By the time of the Ming Dynasty, people could use the abacus in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, 41 were widely used for calculating the weight, amount, space and volume.
Since it was easy to make or buy 42 abacus, and it was also easy to remember abacus rhymes, the abacus was widely used in ancient China. Later, the abacus was 43 (gradual) spread into Japan, Korea and some countries and regions in South-East Asia.
People find that using abacuses can improve thinking and practical abilities in addition 44 providing convenient calculation. Since it 45 (require) cooperation of mind, eyes and the hand, it is a good way to improve the comprehensive reaction ability.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假如你是李华,准备参加一家英文报社举办的演讲比赛,你需要写一篇演讲稿。你打算写一篇介绍马可·波罗的文章,内容包括:
人物
马可·波罗(Marco Polo)
职业
意大利著名旅行家
事件
1.于13世纪沿着古代丝绸之路来到中国;
2.在中国居住了17年,参观过很多地方,惊叹于中国的美丽和强大;
3.把中国的文化和科技发明介绍到世界其他地区。
你的评价
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数;
3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Hello, everyone,
Thank you.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Dad and Mom had to go on a four-day business trip. They taught their elder son Daniel and younger daughter Jane how to feed and look after their dog, Spot, how to take good care of themselves—learning to cook if they could, or ordering pizza (with money left on the table) if they were busy, and told them to keep their rooms clean and tidy. They asked Daniel to be in charge.
On the very morning when the parents left, Mom kissed them and said to Daniel gently, “Young man, do take care of Spot and Jane.” Daniel promised, “I will, Mom.”
Too excited to fall asleep again, Daniel and Jane jumped out of bed, calling out to each other to get up. Their pet dog, Spot, heard the similar voice and rushed in, with a ball in its mouth. Jane stuck(伸) her head into Daniel’s room,“Spot got up an hour earlier. Let’s walk it.” Daniel said excitedly,“I’m coming. But, Jane, don’t forget to keep your room clean and tidy.” “I will.”
They ran with the dog in the yard and threw the ball away for Spot to bring it back. They had fun playing with Spot the whole morning. Washing Spot was slow and tiring as it was the first time they had done that. Then Daniel settled down to his homework while Jane did her reading with interest.
The following day, Jane begged her brother to order pizza for lunch. Daniel agreed excitedly, “We haven’t tasted that for long and we behave ourselves, right?” After a while, he added, “We should save money, too.” Within half an hour, they treated themselves to a big pizza. However, in the afternoon, Spot looked sick, lying lazily and unwilling to move. Daniel was concerned about the dog and took it to the pet clinic immediately with Jane as their parents had done.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
When Dad and Mom arrived a day earlier, they were amazed to find everything in a mess.
Paragraph 2:
Daniel ran into his room, with tears in his eyes, “Jane, there is no need to explain and Mom won’t trust me any longer.”
答案全解全析
Unit 3 Back to the past
单元达标检测
1.C
2.D
3.A
4.B
5.B
6.B
7.A
8.C
9.D
10.C
11.C
12.C
13.B
14.D
15.C
16.E
17.A
18.C
19.F
20.G
21.B
22.A
23.D
24.C
25.B
26.C
27.A
28.D
29.A
30.B
31.C
32.D
33.A
34.D
35.B
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯的四位朋友。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Elliotson was Dickens’s family doctor for many years and thus they became good friends.”可知,Elliotson是Dickens多年的家庭医生,因此可推知他多年照顾Dickens的健康。故选C项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“However, two years later Poe broke off the relationship because he was angry about an article on American poetry. The article was written by Thackeray, but Poe believed that Dickens was behind the article.”可知,两年后,Poe因为对一篇关于美国诗歌的文章感到愤怒而断绝了这段关系。这篇文章是Thackeray写的,但Poe认为这篇文章的背后是Dickens,故Thackeray写的一篇文章破坏了Dickens和Poe的友谊。故选D项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“William Makepeace Thackeray was a novelist. His best-known work is Vanity Fair.”可知,William Makepeace Thackeray是一位小说家。他最著名的作品是Vanity Fair。故选A项。
【高频词汇】 1.miserable adj.悲惨的,痛苦的 2.advocate n.拥护者 3.company n.陪伴,同伴 4.break off 终止(关系),突然停止 5.side with sb.支持某人,和某人站在一起
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国人罗伯特·富尔顿,他最初是一位画家,后来致力于研究蒸汽船的应用。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第三段可知,Fulton是在为本杰明·富兰克林画像后进入伦敦社交圈的。在国外的时候,Fulton离开了艺术界,转而从事造船业。他对最近发明的蒸汽机感兴趣,认为它可以用来为船只提供动力。Fulton的设想并非原创,很多人都进入了这个领域,发明家John Fitch已经造出了一艘可以工作的蒸汽船。但就像Henry Ford一样,Fulton的才能不在于发明,而在于产品在市场上的应用。故可推知,Henry Ford的天赋在于产品的应用。故选B项。根据本段的意思,可以判断D项“Fulton是第一个发明可以工作的蒸汽船的人”与文意不符;A项“Henry Ford和John Fitch一样不幸”、C项“Fulton因为无法养活自己而离开了艺术界”在文中没有相关信息。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In 1804, he tested the first submarine successfully...His invention would make him a celebrity upon his return to the United States two years later.”可知,1804年Robert Fulton成功测试了第一艘潜水艇,这使得他在两年后一回到美国就成了名人,故他是在1806年成了美国的名人的。故选B项。
6.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Fulton’s boat—formerly known as the ‘North River Steamboat’—was a hit. Within five years, Fulton would be running services on six major rivers plus the Chesapeake Bay, and bring in great profits.”可知,Fulton的船受到了人们的欢迎,带来了很大的利润。故选B项。
7.A 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了Robert Fulton的经历以及他改良蒸汽船的过程,故A项适合作本文的标题。B项“Robert Fulton:伟大的发明家”非常笼统,并且缺少了蒸汽船的改进过程这个主要内容;C项“蒸汽船改变水路运输”与文意不符;D项“商业蒸汽船的历史”范围过大,并且缺失了Fulton的相关信息。
【高频词汇】 1.commercial adj.商业的 2.original adj.首创的;原来的 3.obtain v.获得 4.exclusive adj.专用的;独有的
5.efficient adj.效率高的 6.profit n.利润
长难句分析
原句 Although Robert Fulton did not invent the steamboat, as is commonly believed, he played an important role in making steamboat travel a reality.
分析 该句是一个主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句。as is commonly believed是一个定语从句, as指代前面Robert Fulton did not invent the steamboat的内容,可以翻译为“正如”。
句意 尽管罗伯特·富尔顿并没有发明蒸汽船,正如人们通常认为的那样,但他在使蒸汽船旅行成为现实方面发挥了重要作用。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电影技术的发展历史。
8.C 细节理解题。由第一段中的“In early twentieth-century France, a new form of entertainment was becoming a hit—motion pictures. People crowded into theatres for silent, short, black-and-white films”可知,20世纪初,在法国,电影作为一种新的娱乐形式很受人们欢迎,以至于人们挤进剧院看电影,说明电影对人们很有吸引力。根据信息词black-and-white films可以判断那时候的电影都是黑白的,因此A项错误。B项“它们是主要的娱乐形式”,文中提到电影受欢迎,但没有提到电影是主要的娱乐形式。根据第一段中的“Usually, there was no sound. Occasionally, men at pianos played music to match the scenes.”可以判断D项是错误的,电影的背景音乐是后来才有的。故选C项。
9.D 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Moviegoers were known to even leap out of their seats due to the trains on the screen. At that time, few people understood what motion pictures were, so audience members could easily be fooled.”可知,电影观众甚至因为屏幕上的火车而跳离座位。当时,很少有人了解电影是什么,所以观众很容易被愚弄。由于当时观众对电影不熟悉,以为电影里发生的事是真的,所以会做出在现实里会做出的反应,如看到火车就跑开,因此观众会跳离座位是因为观众对电影不熟悉。由此可以判断A、B、C三个选项不符合文意。故选D项。
10.C 细节理解题。由第三段中的“In addition, theatres invest tens of thousands of dollars on high-quality audio systems so that everything from the safest whispers to the largest explosions sounds clear and realistic.”可知,剧院投入数万美元购买高质量的音响系统,这样从最小心的低语到最大的爆炸声听起来都清晰而真实。所以买高质量的音响系统是为了提高影迷的体验。A项“为了重新发行更多的老电影”、B项“为了发展电影制作技术”以及D项“为了使爆炸安全”均不符合文意。故选C项。
11.C 推理判断题。文章第一段引入电影这种新的艺术形式,开始是无声黑白电影,第二段讲有声彩色电影出现了,第三段讲3D电影的出现,影院的高质量的音响系统让观众有更好的观影体验,最后一段向读者提出疑问——从现在起100年后电影会是什么样子,并畅想了未来电影的样子,可知文章主要介绍了电影的发展历史,因此作者写这篇文章的目的是C项“介绍电影技术的发展历史”,由此也可以判断其他三个选项不符合题意。故选C项。
【高频词汇】 1.occasionally adv.偶尔地 2.dramatic adj.戏剧性的;引人注目的 3.initial adj.最初的 4.intensity n.强度,强烈 5.flexible adj.灵活的 6.complex adj.复杂的
长难句分析
原句 During the initial showings of basic silent movies, some people in the audience screamed in fear, reacting to what they saw as if it were happening in real life.
分析 During the initial showings of basic silent movies为时间状语, reacting to...in real life为现在分词短语作伴随状语。从句what they saw作reacting to的宾语。as if引导方式状语从句,从句用了虚拟语气,表示与事实相反的情况。
句意 在最初的最简单的无声电影放映期间,观众中有一些人会害怕地尖叫起来,对他们所看到的事情作出反应,就好像它正发生在现实生活中一样。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了古代的计时方法。
12.C 细节理解题。由第一段中的“So the calendars that were developed at lower latitudes were influenced more by the lunar cycle than by the solar year. In more northern areas...the solar year became more vital.”可知,月亮的周期对低纬度地区的历法影响更大,而太阳的周期对高纬度地区(即更靠北的地区)的历法影响更大。故选C项。
13.B 细节理解题。由第二段中的“the Egyptians...divided the day into twelve temporal or seasonal hours”可知答案。另根据第二段中的“Temporal hours, which were first adopted by the Greeks and then the Romans”可知, seasonal hours首先被希腊人采用,然后是罗马人,但希腊人和罗马人不是seasonal hours的发明者,因此C、D两项错误。根据第一段的内容可以判断A项错误,巴比伦人也不是seasonal hours的发明者。故选B项。
14.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“they could not always be depended on in the cloudy and often freezing weather of northern Europe”及常识可知,水时钟在冬天结冰时不能正常工作。A、B、C三个选项文章没有提及。故选D项。
15.C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文介绍了古代计时的方法,所以本文是一篇关于人类早期计时历史的文章。故选C项。
【高频词汇】 1.regulate v.控制;调节 2.artificial adj.人造的 3.approximate v.接近 4.duration n.持续时间,期间 5.accurate adj.精确的
长难句分析
原句 Temporal hours, which were first adopted by the Greeks and then the Romans, who spread them through Europe, remained in use for more than 2,500 years.
分析 该句是一个主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Temporal hours,who引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Romans。
句意 计时法最先被希腊人采用,然后是罗马人,罗马人将其传遍欧洲,一直用了2,500多年。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。音乐史在许多方面就是人类历史,音乐在人类社会中一直都扮演着重要的角色。为什么会有音乐的存在?音乐又是什么时候产生的呢?本文对此作了简要介绍。
16.E 下句提到音乐史在许多方面上就是人类史。E项提出问题,问到音乐在人类社会中是否一直都很重要及其重要的原因,恰能引起下文,符合语境。
17.A 根据该空下一段的内容可知,科学家们已经研究了早期类人猿的头盖骨和颌骨,看它们是否能够发出声音和控制音高。也就是说,科学家们研究了什么时候开始有音乐。而选项中只有A项与什么时候开始创作音乐有关,故选A项为本段小标题。
18.C 上一句提到我们的早期祖先可能通过拍手来创作有节奏的音乐。C项点明这可能和最早的乐器有关联,符合语境。同时C项中的instruments照应下文中的these instruments。
19.F 根据本段前的小标题可知,本段主要讲的是音乐产生和存在的原因。F项点明音乐也可以用于交流,通常是远距离的交流,这正是音乐存在的原因之一,所以选择F项。
20.G 上一句提到音乐产生和存在的主要原因可能是它能使人们团结起来。G项点明音乐会促进人与人之间的关系,比如母亲和孩子之间的关系,或者是群体之间的联系,符合本段语境。G项中的bonding和上一句中的brings people together为同义表达,下一句中的代词He指代的是G项中的Montagu。
【高频词汇】 1.component n.组成部分 2.evolve v.发展,进化
3.conclude v.得出结论 4.bonding n.人与人之间的关系
5.individual n.个人
长难句分析
原句 However, the major reason why music arises and exists may be that it brings people together.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。定语从句why music arises and exists修饰the major reason,that引导表语从句。
句意 然而,音乐产生和存在的主要原因可能是它使人们联系起来。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公Sarah通过自己的努力,让一个已被人忘记的民权领袖重新被人纪念的故事。
21.B 根据上文提到四年级的Sarah Haycox及最后一段最后一句中的“other young people”可知应是年轻人。故选B项。
22.A 根据最后一段第一句 “Most kids simply had walked by the memorial without thinking about who Mr. Pratt was.”可知,此处指她 “走过” 运动场。故选A项。
23.D 根据最后一段第一句“Most kids simply had walked by the memorial without thinking about who Mr. Pratt was.”可知,此处应是她注意到一个小“纪念碑”。故选D项。
24.C 根据第三段第一句话,她做了一些研究,最后知道了纪念碑上的人的身份。故可推知,此处表示她 “想知道” 。故选C项。
25.B 根据后面她得知的内容,说明是在“研究,调查”后得知的。故选B项。
26.C 根据上文可知,Edwin T. Pratt是一位民权领袖。人们给他树立了纪念碑,由此可知,他一定帮助过很多人。故选C项。
27.A 有人不同意他的做法,因此他被杀害了。故选A项。
28.D 根据上文可知,Edwin T. Pratt是一位民权领袖,为人们做了很多事情。因此可知,一个小小的纪念碑是不够的。另外根据后文可知,Sarah觉得纪念碑不够大,所以她找了一所学校来以他的名字命名。故选D项。
29.A 上文提到了作为一位民权领袖,他帮助了很多人。同时Sarah觉得一个小小的纪念碑是不够的,因为他“影响” 了很多人。故选A项。
30.B 由下文可知Sarah为了纪念这位民权领袖,找了一所学校来以他的名字命名。因此可知,此处表示Sarah决定做点什么。故选B项。
31.C 根据倒数第二段最后一句提到的新“学校” 可知,此处指新建一所儿童学校。故选C项。
32.D 根据下文“asked them if it could be named after Mr. Pratt.”可知,她弄清楚了 “负责” 这个建筑项目的人,然后问他们能否以Pratt先生的名字命名这所学校。故选D项。
33.A 根据上文提到的她想知道他是谁,他做了什么事可知,Sarah有好奇心想要知道更多。故此处的curiosity和第24题的wondered相互呼应。故选A项。
34.D 根据上文提及的当Sarah觉得纪念碑太小,不足以纪念这位民权领袖时,她找到新建学校项目的负责人,成功地说服了他以Edwin T. Pratt的名字来命名这所学校。由此可见Sarah有追求自己想法的勇气。故选D项。
35.B 此处和文章第一段构成首尾呼应。根据第一段提及 “她向世界展示了一个有激情的年轻人可以做到的事情”可知,她的行为“激励”了世界各地很多其他的年轻人。故选B项。
【高频词汇】 1.mission n.使命, 任务 2.passion n.激情,热情
3.be named after...以……命名 4.vision n.想象;远见卓识
5.in favour of支持,赞同
长难句分析
原句 Feeling that the small memorial was hardly big enough for a man who had so much impact on others, Sarah decided to do something!
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。Feeling that...so much impact on others 在句中作状语,that引导宾语从句。who引导定语从句,修饰先行词man。
句意 萨拉觉得对一个对他人有如此大的影响的人来说,这个小小的纪念碑实在不够大,她决定做点什么!
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文,文章介绍了中国算盘与珠算的起源、发展及其对人的综合反应能力的益处。
36.was invented 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:算盘是在小棍子的基础上发明的。空处作谓语,invent与主语The abacus之间是被动关系,且动作发生在过去,所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。The abacus为第三人称单数,故填was invented。
37.development 考查名词。句意:后来,随着生产力的发展,计算量变得更大了。空处作介词with的宾语,由空前的the和空后的of可知,此处要用名词。
38.greater 考查形容词比较级。句意同上一题。此处指计算量比以前大了,所以要用形容词的比较级。
39.advanced 考查形容词。句意:因此,人们发明了一种更先进的计算器——算盘。空处作定语修饰后面的名词counter,所以要用形容词形式,表示“先进的”。
40.increasing 考查非谓语动词。句意:随着算盘的应用,人们总结了许多珠算口诀,提高了计算速度。increasing the calculating speed为现在分词短语作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。
41.which 考查关系词。句意:到了明代,人们可以用算盘做加法、减法、乘法、除法,这些算法被广泛用于计算重量、数量、空间和体积。“ 41 were widely used for calculating the weight, amount, space and volume”是非限制性定语从句,先行词为“addition, subtraction, multiplication and division”,空处要用关系代词which在从句中作主语。注意:that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
42.an 考查冠词。句意:因为算盘很容易制作或购买,珠算口诀也很容易记住,所以算盘在中国古代被广泛使用。空后的abacus是可数名词单数,此处表示泛指,且abacus以元音音素开头,所以要用不定冠词an。
43.gradually 考查副词。句意:后来算盘逐渐传入日本、朝鲜以及东南亚的一些国家和地区。空处作状语修饰谓语动词was spread,所以要用副词。
44.to 考查介词。句意:人们发现使用算盘除了可以提供方便的运算外,还可以提高思维和实践能力。in addition to是固定短语,意为“除……之外(还)”。
45.requires 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:因为它需要心、眼、手的配合,所以它是提高综合反应能力的好方法。此处陈述的是关于珠算的常识,所以要用一般现在时;主语是it,所以谓语动词要用单数形式。
【高频词汇】 1.productivity n.生产力 2.calculation n.计算 3.application n.应用 4.rhyme n.押韵的短诗 5.comprehensive adj.综合的
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Hello, everyone,
Among all the foreign travellers, my favourite is Marco Polo,a famous Italian traveller who travelled along the ancient Silk Road to China in the 13th century.
He lived in China for 17 years, visiting many parts of China and was amazed to find how beautiful and powerful China was. He introduced Chinese culture and scientific inventions to other parts of the world.
In my opinion, Marco Polo was really a great traveller, whose mission was to promote the exchange of different cultures and spread the seeds of civilisation.
Thank you.
第二节
写作指导
故事
要素
Time
during parents’ four-day business trip
Place
at their home
Character
Daniel,Jane, their dog Spot, their parents
What
Dad and Mom had to go on a business trip and left Daniel in charge of their house. However, despite having great fun, their dog Spot got sick.
情节
Beginning
Dad and Mom had to go on a business trip and left Daniel in charge.
Development
Daniel took good care of Jane and their dog Spot.
续写
方向
Para. 1
When Dad and Mom arrived a day earlier, they were amazed to find everything in a mess.
①父母有什么反应?
②Daniel和Jane会怎样做?
Para. 2
Daniel ran into his room, with tears in his eyes,“Jane, there is no need to explain and Mom won’t trust me any longer.”
①Daniel的心情如何?
②父母得知真相后的反应。
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
When Dad and Mom arrived a day earlier, they were amazed to find everything in a mess. Mom was angry and shouted to Daniel, “Listen to me, young man—I left you in charge. We thought you would act like an adult, but look at the mess. The money for food has been used up but why does Spot still look hungry? What did you do with the money we left?” Jane explained anxiously, “Mummy, Spot is sick, so we spent the rest of the money taking it to the pet clinic.”
Paragraph 2:
Daniel ran into his room, with tears in his eyes, “Jane, there is no need to explain and Mom won’t trust me any longer.” Comforting Mom, Dad said calmly, “There is probably a good explanation for everything.” Hearing the little daughter’s words, Mom understood that the reason why they had no time to clean the house was that they waited for Spot at the clinic all day. Mom regretted acting so angrily and was satisfied that Daniel learnt to be responsible for others. She apologized to Daniel sincerely and hugged him in her arms, saying,“You are really growing into a young man.”
相关资料
更多
