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Unit 2 Natural disasters 达标检测-2022版英语必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）
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这是一份Unit 2 Natural disasters 达标检测-2022版英语必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析），共20页。
单元达标检测
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Marvels at These Freaks of Nature
The world is filled with unique, breathtaking sites—from boiling craters to caves full of lightning bugs. While global diseases or natural disasters shock our soul, we might not appreciate nature. In fact, enjoying the wonder of nature can provide some breaks from too much time indoors. These sites are great for you when looking for hope in some of Mother Nature's greatest offerings.
01 The Fly Geyser(Washoe County, Nevada)
This geyser in northern Nevada, found surrounded by fields of grass was created by accident when a geothermal power company drilled a test well(井)where the geyser now sits in 1964.The combination of calcium carbonate deposits (碳酸钙沉积物)and extremely hot water resulted in three nearly 6-foot-high, brightly colored red and green hills that shoot hot water into the air.
02 The Marble(大理石) Caves(Aysen, Chile)
These caves—accessible only by boat—sit in the heart of Patagonia and were formed over 6,000 years ago as water continued to splash against the solid rock formations to create these unique blue marble formations.
03 Lake Sørvágsvatn(Vagár, the Faroe Islands)
This freshwater lake is famous for its appearance of “floating above the ocean”. Though it's actually not even 100 feet above sea level, from various camera angles, the lake looks like it is hundreds of feet above the ocean because of its juxtaposition(并列)with a dramatic waterfall and the cliff to its side.
04 Krka National Park(Šibenik-Knin, Croatia)
This national park in southern Croatia is famous for having not one, but seven, gorgeous waterfalls streaming with greenish-blue water, including the attractive Skradinski Buk waterfall. The clear water in its basin is often filled with visitors taking a dip(快游).
1.According to the text, the following are all false except that .
A.these sites all have something to do with waterfalls
B.you may see lightning bugs in the Marble Caves
C.Lake Sørvágsvatn is floating hundreds of feet above the ocean
D.the Fly Geyser has 6 colorful hills shooting hot water into the air
2.If visitors want to have a swim, they should go to .
A.the Fly Geyser
B.Lake Sørvágsvatn
C.Krka National Park
D.the Marble Caves
3.What is the main purpose of the text?
A.To give basic facts about these freaks of nature.
B.To explain the reasons why these sites are great.
C.To call on people to appreciate these freaks of nature.
D.To offer advice on how to visit these wonders of nature.
B
A storm hit Houston, Texas, on Tuesday. It brought heavy rains and rising floodwaters. By Tuesday night, some parts of the city had received 10 inches of rain. Police and firefighters helped people move to safe places. They also saved people from cars and buses that were stuck on roads.
Certain areas around Houston were hit really hard. In just four hours, more than seven inches of rain fell in Sugar Land in the southwest of Houston. Cars could not pass through any of the area's main roadways. On Twitter, Sugar Land city officials asked people to get to high ground.
Tuesday's rain hit parts of Texas that Hurricane Harvey had already damaged almost two years ago. Hurricane Harvey in August, 2017 was the second most costly hurricane in US history. It caused $125 billion worth of damage in Texas. In the Houston area, 36 people died and about 150,000 homes were flooded.
A spokesman for the Harris County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Management said that this week's rain “is not in any way a Harvey-level event”.
But the worst may not be over yet. People will have a break from the heavy rain on Wednesday. According to National Weather Service, Texas Gulf Coast will continue to experience heavy rain later in the week. “Today should be our quietest over the next few days for rainfall,” said Don Oettinger, a National Weather Service meteorologist (气象学家).
Houston Fire Chief Samuel Peia warned, “As there is too much water on the ground and flash floods are likely to happen, we hope people are careful of what they're doing and encourage them to stay home. There's no sense in putting yourself, firefighters or anybody in danger needlessly.”
4.What are paragraphs 1—2 mainly about?
A.Flood damage in Houston.
B.Flood prevention in Houston.
C.Heavy floods hitting Houston.
D.People fighting floods in Houston.
5.What do we know about Hurricane Harvey?
A.It caused no deaths or injuries.
B.It did a lot of damage to Texas.
C.It was less serious than this week's rain.
D.It was the biggest hurricane on record.
6.What can we learn from the weather report of National Weather Service?
A.Fine days are coming.
B.It will rain a little non-stop.
C.A hurricane is unavoidable.
D.Floods will continue.
7.What did Samuel suggest local people do?
A.Stay indoors.
B.Join firefighters.
C.Give up needless things.
D.Comfort those who lost homes.
C
Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth's plates. These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep moving. Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move, causing an earthquake.
Generally, before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks.Scientists don't really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occurs.
Shock waves from an earthquake that travel through the ground are called seismic waves (地震波). They are most powerful at the center of the earthquake, but they travel through much of the earth and back to the surface. They move quickly at 20 times the speed of sound.
Scientists use seismic waves to measure how big an earthquake is. They use a device called the seismograph (地震仪) to measure the size of the waves. The size of the waves is called the magnitude.
To tell the strength of an earthquake, scientists use a scale called the Moment Magnitude Scale or MMS (it used to be called the Richter Scale). The larger the number on the MMS is, the larger the earthquake will be. You usually won't even notice an earthquake unless it measures at least 3 on the MMS. Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale:
4.0—It will shake your house as if a large truck were passing close by. Some people may not notice.
5.0—If you are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle. Windows may break.
6.0—Items will fall off shelves. Walls in some houses may crack and windows break. Pretty much everyone near the center will feel this one.
7.0—Weaker buildings will collapse and cracks will occur on bridges and streets.
8.0—Many buildings and bridges will fall down. Large cracks will occur in the earth.
9.0 and up—Whole cities will be flattened and large-scale damage will be caused.
8.If a 5.0-magnitude earthquake hit your area, what might happen?
A.Your house might shake violently.
B.People might feel no shaking at all.
C.The family photo may fall off the wall.
D.There might be cracks everywhere on streets.
9.What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?
A.It's still hard to tell foreshocks from main earthquakes.
B.Scientists can't exactly measure the strength of an earthquake.
C.People may ignore foreshocks when an earthquake is not so strong.
D.The earthquake won't cause any damage unless it reaches 9.0 magnitude.
10.The writer explains the concepts concerning the earthquake by .
A.listing examples
B.giving explanations
C.making comparisons
D.offering data
11.The passage is written mainly to .
A.enrich people's knowledge of self-rescue in disasters
B.stress the importance of earthquake rescue
C.issue early warnings before an earthquake
D.present facts about the earthquake
D
Coal burning deep underground in China,India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, which scientists have warned. These large-scale underground fires cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can even bring about forest fires, a panel(专家小组)of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Denver. They warned the resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic(砷)and mercury(汞)could also pollute local water sources and soils. “Coal fires are a global disaster,” said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia State College in Swainsboro, the US. But surprisingly few people know about them.
Coal can heat up on its own. The heat produced will not disappear and can eventually trigger spontaneous combustion(自燃) if there is a continuous oxygen supply. This can occur underground in coal stockpiles(煤堆), abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. Such fires in China destroy up to 200 million tons of coal per year, delegates were told. In comparison, the US economy consumes about one billion tons of coal annually, said Stracher, whose analysis of the likely effect of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Geology. Once underway, coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large volumes of greenhouse gases, poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.
The members of the panel discussed the effect these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to detect(发现). One of the members of the panel, Assistant Professor Paul van Dijk of the International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation in the Netherlands, has been working with the Chinese government to monitor fires in the northern regions of the country.
The remote sensing and other techniques will allow scientists to estimate how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting. One suggested method of controlling the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed heat-resistant grout (泥浆) designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off the oxygen supply.
12.What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A.Coal can heat up on its own and catch fire under certain conditions.
B.The underground oxygen will be used up.
C.Poisonous fumes and greenhouse gases will be accumulated underground.
D.There will be an increase of abandoned mines.
13.What did Stracher analyze in his article published in the International Journal of Coal Geology?
A.Annual consumption of coal in the US.
B.Annual consumption of coal in China.
C.How long coal fires have lasted in the northern regions of China.
D.Coal fires may have an effect on the environment.
14.Which of the following statements about Paul van Dijk is NOT true?
A.He is one of the scientists who have warned against the threats of underground fires.
B.He has monitored underground fires in the Netherlands.
C.He has worked with the Chinese government on the underground fire issue.
D.He works for a research institute in the Netherlands.
15.What is the suggested method to control underground fires in the passage?
A.Using the remote sensing technique.
B.Controlling the release of carbon dioxide.
C.Cutting off the oxygen supply.
D.Making the soil heat-resistant.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Reflect on our relationship with nature
The UK physicist Isaac Newton once said, “ 16 .” Indeed, Mother Nature can provide almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules. But if we break the rules, she is likely to be cruel and lash out (迅猛攻击) at us.
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is an example. 17 . In China, the virus was first found at the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, Hubei province, where live wild animals were sold.
The Wall Street Journal reported that Dr. Peter Daszak, president of the US-based health organization EcoHealth Alliance, said, “This outbreak is a lesson for us. On a global scale, human population density (密度), wildlife diversity, and land use change are what drive new pandemics (流行病).”
In the ancient times, people needed to rely on nature to survive so they held it in awe. For example, the American Indians believed that humans were a part of nature and nature was a part of humans. 18 .
However, as human beings master more knowledge and make more advanced tools, people try to change and even conquer nature. They use more land to make buildings, genetically modify (改变) plants, capture some wild and odd animals to suit their own needs. In this process, humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance.
19 , Brian Lamacraft said at Medium, it's time for people to “reflect on our relationship with our planet” and “reconnect with this world and everything that we've been given”. After all, according to the US poet Gary Snyder, “ 20 .”
A.Nature is not the place to visit; it's our home
B.Nature is pleased with simplicity. And nature is no dummy
C.Chinese ancients always pursued the harmony between nature and human beings
D.It reminds us that the past outbreaks did severe damage to the human society
E.Although we don't know for sure what first caused the outbreak of COVID-19
F.2019-nCoV is similar to a virus found in a bat in 2017
G.The only mother of human beings is now facing a great threat—the environmental problem
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 1994, The Brazilian photographer Salgado went back to his homeland in Minas Gerais, Brazil. He was 21 to see the land run by his family. The thick forest there was once a paradise (乐园) for him and his friends, bringing them 22 memories.
To his horror, he saw a totally different 23 . Only 0.5% of the land was covered with trees. “The land was as sick as a serious patient—everything was 24 due to deforestation (滥伐森林),” Salgado said 25 during a meeting on climate change in Paris.
Salgado 26 that he should do something about it. Then he 27 the bold idea of replanting trees on the land, which beyond his expectation, received 28 from his wife and relatives. Soon the whole family 29 and the results were remarkable. 30 , the land was changing: It was carpeted with green trees again and some of the insects, birds and other animals living on the land before 31 . The land had been brought back to life. The 32 family's hard work also impressed people around them. They 33 cutting down trees and began to protect the environment.
“The work over the years is quite difficult but well worth the 34 and I think every little bit of work 35 ,” said Salgado. Therefore, everyone should play a part in protecting the environment.
21.A.sorry B.ready
C.eager D.willing
22.A.wonderful B.embarrassing
C.painful D.complex
23.A.direction B.atmosphere
C.plan D.sight
24.A.disturbed B.destroyed
C.prohibited D.abandoned
25.A.calmly B.nervously
C.sadly D.lightly
26.A.admitted B.realized
C.agreed D.proved
27.A.thought up B.laughed at
C.turned down D.tried out
28.A.doubts B.permission
C.suggestions D.support
29.A.backed off B.broke up
C.took action D.got through
30.A.Suddenly B.Eventually
C.Gradually D.Generally
31.A.escaped B.returned
C.approached D.died
32.A.kind-hearted B.brave
C.devoted D.considerate
33.A.forgot B.stopped
C.delayed D.missed
34.A.comment B.promise
C.offer D.effort
35.A.increases B.matches
C.improves D.matters
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A serious weather warning has been announced as more than two inches of rain is expected to fall in parts of the UK on Monday, according 36 the Met Office. Three flood warnings in southwest England have been put in place, 37 has caused fears of travel interruption at the beginning of the week. The Met Office has announced the warning of heavy rain across central and 38 (south) England, including London, Birmingham and Manchester, for Monday.
Although 39 is too early to forecast which exact areas will see the 40 (heavy) rain, the Met Office says the South is most likely 41 (see) “the biggest rainfall”. “The heavy rainfall brings a risk of flooding and interruption, but the situation is uncertain, so 42 likelihood of this across any given county is small,” forecasters says.
Grahame Madge, a spokesperson for the Met Office, says 43 (area) from the Isle of Wight to the M4 are predicted to see the worst weather. He 44 (add) that there are no weather warnings in place for the rest of the week 45 forecasters advise people to keep an eye out for more warnings as the unsettled weather is expected to continue.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
近年来全球地震频发。地震会造成包括房屋倒塌、人员伤亡等在内的一系列可怕后果。因此在发生地震时如何保护自己成了一个重要的话题。请你以“How to Survive in an Earthquake”为题写一篇文章。内容包括:
1.地震来临时不要慌张,如果在室外请远离大树、高楼、高压线等;
2.如果在室内,要尽量躲在桌子等坚固的家具下面,并注意保护好头部、颈部;
3.逃生时不要选择乘坐电梯。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
How to Survive in an Earthquake
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On the tenth anniversary of my father's death, I awoke to loud fire alarms at 3:30 a.m. Alexis, my older daughter, was standing in the hallway with her cellphone and a blanket wrapped around her younger sister, Sierra. We ran down the stairs to the main floor. The girls stood by the front door while I checked for the cause of the alarms. When I opened the door to my living room, I could see the carpets were smoking heavily. My house was really on fire.
I shouted to the girls, “Get out! The house is on fire!” They turned and ran out the front door, followed by me. Then we ran through the woods to our neighbor's house. I knocked on my neighbor's front door as police cars passed by.
Later, I was told that it took the firemen a long time to put out the fire. Standing outside my burned house the next day, I got caught up in lots of questions. I had no cash or bank cards. How was I going to pay for anything? Where would we live? What would happen to my house now? I didn't even know where to start. Luckily, our community helped us a lot.
The fire burned almost everything, but I still decided to visit our burned house to search through the ruins. It's interesting how you learn what really matters to you in those conditions. I found myself primarily searching for my father's watch. I also found other treasures as I searched for his watch, including the ring my mom gave me when I left for college, a watch my grandmother gave me for high school graduation, and my daughter's unworn dress, which was ruined. I found the last shirt my father had worn before his hospital stay. We had taken a trip after his second course of chemo (化疗). It was the last vacation we had taken before his death. At that moment, I felt differently about the fire.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
I realized the fire gave us more than it took away.
Paragraph 2:
My dad's watch is on my bedside table now, which is a reminder that anyone or anything can be lost without warning.
答案全解全析
单元达标检测
1.B
2.C
3.C
4.C
5.B
6.D
7.A
8.C
9.A
10.B
11.D
12.A
13.D
14.B
15.C
16.B
17.F
18.C
19.E
20.A
21.C
22.A
23.D
24.B
25.C
26.B
27.A
28.D
29.C
30.C
31.B
32.C
33.B
34.D
35.D
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了4个景点,在这里我们可以领略自然独特的、令人惊叹的风景。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段首句The world is filled with unique, breathtaking sites—from boiling craters to caves full of lightning bugs.(世界上充满了独特的、令人惊叹的景点——从沸腾的火山口到充满萤火虫的洞穴。)可推断出可能在大理石洞穴里看到萤火虫。故选B项。
2.C 细节理解题。根据Krka National Park部分中的最后一句The clear water in its basin is often filled with visitors taking a dip.可知,这里经常挤满了快游的游客,所以如果想游泳,应该去Krka国家公园。故选C项。
3.C 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了几个可以领略自然美景的景点,且根据首段中的we might not appreciate nature及These sites are great for you when looking for hope in some of Mother Nature's greatest offerings.可以判断文章的主要目的是呼吁人们欣赏这些大自然的奇异景色。故选C项。
【高频词汇】 1.be filled with...充满…… 2.unique adj.独一无二的;独特的 3.global adj.全球的;整体的 4.appreciate v.欣赏;感激;领会 5.combination n.结合;组合 6.result in引起;导致 7.accessible adj.可进入的;易接近的 8.splash v.泼洒;喷溅 9.dramatic adj.引人注目的;巨大的 10.waterfall n.瀑布
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。一场暴风雨袭击了休斯敦,大量降水造成城市内洪水泛滥,当地政府提醒人们注意安全。
4.C 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Police and firefighters helped people move to safe places. They also saved people from cars and buses that were stuck on roads.和第二段中的Cars could not pass through any of the area's main roadways.可知,这两段主要在描写大量降水导致休斯敦城市内洪水泛滥,C选项“猛烈的洪水袭击了休斯敦”符合文意。故选C项。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句It caused $125 billion worth of damage in Texas. In the Houston area, 36 people died and about 150, 000 homes were flooded.可知,席卷得克萨斯州的哈维飓风造成了巨大的财产损失和人员伤亡,与B选项描述一致。故选B项。
6.D 推理判断题。根据第五段尤其是第三句According to National Weather Service, Texas Gulf Coast will continue to experience heavy rain later in the week.可知,人们在周三能稍微松口气,但这一周后面几天降水将会继续,届时洪水将会再次泛滥。故选D项。
7.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段Samuel所说的话中As there is too much water on the ground and flash floods are likely to happen, we hope people are careful of what they're doing and encourage them to stay home.可知,Samuel希望人们注意安全,并鼓励他们待在家里,与A选项表述一致。故选A项。
【高频词汇】 1.inch n.英寸 2.costly adj.昂贵的;代价高的
3.spokesman n.发言人 4.security n.安全;安全工作;保证
5.emergency n.紧急情况;突发事件 6.needlessly adv.不必要地
长难句分析
原句 As there is too much water on the ground and flash floods are likely to happen, we hope people are careful of what they're doing and encourage them to stay home.
分析 本句为主从复合句。As there is too much water on the ground and flash floods are likely to happen是由As引导的原因状语从句,这个从句是由and连接的并列句;we hope people are...stay home是主句;其中,people are careful of what they're doing是省略了that的宾语从句,作动词hope的宾语;what they're doing也是一个宾语从句,作介词of的宾语。
译文 由于地上的水太多,并且有可能发生暴洪,我们希望人们注意他们的所作所为,鼓励他们待在家里。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一些和地震相关的事实,如地震产生的原因、大地震前后会有小地震、地震波的含义、地震强度的测量方式以及不同级别的地震可能会发生的一些事情等。
8.C 推理判断题。根据文中5.0—If you are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle. Windows may break.(5.0——如果你在车里,它可能会摇晃。杯子和盘子可能会发出响声。窗户可能会破碎。)并分析选项可知,如果你所在地区发生5.0级地震,C项“全家福可能会从墙上掉下来”这样的事情有可能发生。故选C。
9.A 推理判断题。根据上文Generally, before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks.(一般来说,大地震前后会有小地震。之前发生的称为前震。之后发生的称为余震。)及画线句(直到更大的地震发生,科学家才真正知道一次地震是否是前震。)可推知画线句子想表达的是“前震和主震仍然很难区分”,故选A。
10.B 推理判断题。第一段主要解释了地震产生的原因,第二段主要解释了主震、前震、余震的区别,第三段主要解释了地震波的含义,所以作者主要通过作诠释的方式来阐明有关地震的概念。故选B。
11.D 推理判断题。根据首段首句Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth's plates.(地震通常发生在地球板块的大的区域的边缘。)以及后文主要介绍了关于地震的知识可知,这篇文章主要是为了介绍地震的相关事实。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.edge n.边缘 2.build up 逐渐增强 3.measure v.测量;量度为 4.device n.设备;装置 5.scale n.规模;范围;等级 6.item n.物品;项目;条款 7.crack v.破裂;爆裂 n.裂缝
长难句分析
原句 Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move, causing an earthquake.
分析 本句为并列复合句。and连接两个并列分句;在前一分句中,where the edges are stuck是一个地点状语从句;在后一分句中,once the pressure gets strong enough是一个条件状语从句,causing an earthquake为现在分词短语作结果状语。
译文 在边缘挤压的地方,压力开始慢慢增大,一旦压力变得足够大,板块就会突然移动,引起地震。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。大规模的地下煤炭火灾会导致地面温度升高,杀死周围的植被,产生温室气体,甚至可能引发森林火灾。
12.A 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句Coal can heat up on its own. The heat produced will not disappear and can eventually trigger spontaneous combustion(自燃) if there is a continuous oxygen supply.可知,煤会自行升温并在特定情况下起火燃烧。故选A。
13.D 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句中的whose analysis of the likely effect of coal fires可知,Stracher分析了煤炭火灾可能会(对环境)产生的影响。故选D。
14.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句One of the members of the panel, Assistant Professor Paul van Dijk of the International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation in the Netherlands, has been working with the Chinese government to monitor fires in the northern regions of the country.可知,Paul van Dijk一直在与中国政府合作在中国北方地区监测地下火灾,而不是在荷兰监测地下火灾。故选B。
15.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句One suggested method of controlling the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed heat-resistant grout designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off the oxygen supply.可知,文章中建议控制地下煤炭火灾的方法是切断氧气供应。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.threaten v.威胁;恐吓 2.annual adj.每年的;一年一次的 3.release n.& v.释放 4.poisonous adj.有毒的
5.continuous adj.持续的;不断的 6.abandoned adj.废弃的;被遗弃的 7.transport v.运输 8.heat up加热;升温 9.bring about引起;导致 10.in comparison相比之下
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要以新型冠状病毒肺炎为例,论证了如果我们违反自然法则,自然可能会很残忍,对我们大发脾气,从而警示人们:自然是我们的家,要爱护自然。
16.B 根据后文Indeed, Mother Nature can provide almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules. But if we break the rules, she is likely to be cruel and lash out at us.可知,本段在讲述大自然的法则。因此可推知设空句应是引用了牛顿的话来总结大自然的法则。B选项Nature is pleased with simplicity. And nature is no dummy(大自然喜欢简单,大自然也不是傀儡)概括了这一法则。故选B项。
17.F 根据前文The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is an example.可知,本段在以新型冠状病毒肺炎为例进行论证,因此设空句以及本段后文内容应是在解释这种病毒的由来。F选项2019-nCoV is similar to a virus found in a bat in 2017(2019新型冠状病毒与2017年在一只蝙蝠体内发现的一种病毒类似)对其进行了说明,符合语境。故选F项。
18.C 根据前文In the ancient times, people needed to rely on nature to survive so they held it in awe.可知,本段的主题为人与自然的关系,C选项Chinese ancients always pursued the harmony between nature and human beings(中国古人历来追求自然与人类的和谐)符合主题,与前文的例子并列。故选C项。
19.E 分析句子结构可知,空后是完整的一句话,与设空处中间没有连词连接,故推测设空处内容不是完整的句子,只有E选项符合条件。故选E项。
20.A 设空句在最后一段段末,应是对段落内容或全文的总结。根据前文Brian Lamacraft said at Medium, it's time for people to “reflect on our relationship with our planet” and “reconnect with this world and everything that we've been given”.可知,本段再次强调了人与自然的关系。A选项Nature is not the place to visit;it's our home(自然不是参观的地方,而是我们的家)总结了本段内容。故选A项。
【高频词汇】 1.cruel adj.残忍的;残酷的 2.outbreak n.(战争、疾病等的)爆发 3.master v.掌握;精通 4.advanced adj.高级的;先进的 5.conquer v.征服 6.capture v.捕捉;捕获
7.pursue v.追求;从事 8.reflect on反思;思考 9.rely on依靠
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Salgado发现自己儿时的乐园——茂密的森林由于乱砍滥伐而濒临消失。经过Salgado一家人的努力,这里再次栽满了绿色的树,之前生活在这片土地上的一些昆虫、鸟类和其他动物也回来了。
21.C 考查形容词。sorry抱歉的;ready准备好;eager渴望的;willing乐意的。根据The thick forest there was once a paradise for him and his friends, bringing them 22 memories.可知,他渴望看到他的家族经营的土地。故选C。
22.A 考查形容词。wonderful美好的;embarrassing使人尴尬的;painful痛苦的;complex复杂的。根据The thick forest there was once a paradise for him and his friends可知,茂密的森林给他们带来了美好的回忆。故选A。
23.D 考查名词。direction方向;atmosphere气氛;plan计划;sight景象。根据Only 0.5% of the land was covered with trees.可知,他看到了一个完全不同的景象。故选D。
24.B 考查动词。disturb干扰;destroy破坏;prohibit禁止;abandon抛弃。根据due to deforestation可知,这里意思是由于滥伐森林,一切都被破坏了。故选B。
25.C 考查副词。calmly平静地;nervously紧张地;sadly悲伤地;lightly轻微地。根据上文The land was as sick as a serious patient可知,这里意思是这样的景象令他很悲伤。故选C。
26.B 考查动词。admit承认;realize意识到;agree同意;prove证明。根据Then he 27 the bold idea of replanting trees on the land, which beyond his expectation, received 28 from his wife and relatives.可知,这里意思是Salgado意识到他应该做点什么。故选B。
27.A 考查动词短语。think up想出;laugh at嘲笑;turn down拒绝;try out试验。根据the bold idea of replanting trees on the land可知,这里意思是他想出了一个大胆的主意。故选A。
28.D 考查名词。doubt怀疑;permission允许;suggestion建议;support支持。根据Soon the whole family 29 and the results were remarkable.可知,他得到了妻子和亲戚们的支持。故选D。
29.C 考查动词短语。back off后退;break up结束;take action采取行动;get through通过。根据and the results were remarkable可知,整个家族都采取了行动。故选C。
30.C 考查副词。suddenly突然地;eventually最后;gradually渐渐地;generally普遍地。根据生活常识可知,土地发生变化是一个逐渐的过程。故选C。
31.B 考查动词。escape逃跑;return返回;approach接近;die死亡。根据The land had been brought back to life.可知,之前生活在这片土地上的一些昆虫、鸟类和其他动物也回来了。故选B。
32.C 考查形容词。kind-hearted好心的;brave勇敢的;devoted全心全意的;considerate考虑周到的。Salgado一家人通过自己的努力,把荒野重新变成了绿洲,他们全心全意地保护这片土地。故选C。
33.B 考查动词。forget忘记;stop停止;delay延迟;miss错过。根据The 32 family's hard work also impressed people around them.可知,这里意思是周围的人停止砍伐树木,开始保护环境。故选B。
34.D 考查名词。comment评论;promise诺言;offer提议;effort努力。根据The 32 family's hard work also impressed people around them.可知,Salgado一家为这项工作付出了辛苦的努力。故选D。
35.D 考查动词。increase增加;match匹配;improve改善;matter要紧,重要。根据Therefore, everyone should play a part in protecting the environment.可知,这里意思是Salgado认为每一点工作都很重要。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.photographer n.摄影师 2.bold adj.大胆的
3.remarkable adj.显著的;卓越的;非凡的 4.to one's horror令某人惊骇的是 5.beyond one's expectation出乎某人的意料
6.be carpeted with...被……覆盖
长难句分析
原句 Then he thought up the bold idea of replanting trees on the land, which beyond his expectation, received support from his wife and relatives.
分析 本句为主从复合句。which beyond his expectation, received support from his wife and relatives为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词idea,which在从句中作主语。
译文 于是,他想出了在这块土地上重新植树的大胆主意,出乎他的意料,这得到了妻子和亲戚们的支持。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道,报道了英国气象局对下周的降雨预警。
36.to 考查介词。句意:英国气象局已发布重大天气预警——英国部分地区周一预计将有超过两英寸的降雨。according to...根据……。故填to。
37.which 考查定语从句。句意:英格兰西南部已发布三个洪水预警,这在本周初引起了人们对行程中断的担忧。空前有逗号,应用which引导非限制性定语从句, 指代前面的整个主句。故填which。
38.southern 考查形容词。句意:英国气象局已经宣布暴雨预警,遍及英格兰中部和南部,包括伦敦、伯明翰和曼彻斯特在内的地区将于周一迎来暴雨。根据空前的central and可知,此空填形容词,south是名词,其形容词形式为southern。故填southern。
39.it 考查代词it的用法。句意:虽然目前预测哪些确切地区将出现最强降雨还为时过早……。句型“it is+ adj.+不定式”中,it作形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式。故填it。
40.heaviest 考查形容词最高级。句意同上。根据后文the biggest rainfall可知,此空应填heavy的最高级。故填heaviest。
41.to see 考查固定短语。句意:……但气象局表示,南部最有可能经历“最大降雨”。短语be likely to do...意为“可能做……”。故填to see。
42.the 考查冠词。句意:预报员说:“强降雨量会带来洪水和阻断出行的风险,但情况不确定,因此在任何一个特定郡的各处发生这种情况的可能性都很小。”空后的this指代前文中的强降雨量带来洪水和阻断出行的风险,因此此处为特指,故填the。
43.areas 考查名词复数。句意:英国气象局的发言人Grahame Madge表示,从怀特岛到M4等地区预计将出现最恶劣的天气。根据from the Isle of Wight to the M4可知地区不止一个,故填复数形式areas。
44.adds 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:他补充说,关于本周余下的几天还没有天气预警……。根据全文时态可知应用一般现在时,且主语为He,故填adds。
45.but 考查连词。句意:……但预报员建议人们留意更多的预警,因为不稳定的天气预计将持续下去。分析可知前后文之间是转折关系,故填but。
【高频词汇】 1.warning n.警告 2.interruption n.中断;打断;干扰 3.forecast v.预报;预测 4.likelihood n.可能性;可能
5.spokesperson n.发言人 6.unsettled adj.易变的;不稳定的
7.put in place 落实;实施 8.keep an eye out for留心;警惕
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
How to Survive in an Earthquake
Earthquakes have happened in many places in recent years, causing significant damage. So how to keep safe during an earthquake has become an important issue. Here are some guidelines.
Above all, don't be nervous and try to keep calm. If you are outdoors, it's necessary to find an open area away from trees,buildings, power lines and anything else that might fall on you. If you are indoors, move to a safe place such as the area under a strong desk. Cover your head and neck with your arms to protect yourself from falling objects. Finally, never use the lift.
Actually, we can reduce the damage earthquakes bring us if we take right measures.
第二节
写作指导
故事
要素
Time
on the tenth anniversary of my father's death
Place
in my house
Character
Alexis (my older daughter) ,
Sierra (my younger daughter)
and I
故事
情节
Beginning
在“我”父亲去世十周年之际,“我”们家着火了。“我”和两个女儿跑出火海,但“我”们家却被烧毁了。
Development
大火烧毁了几乎所有的东西,但“我”还是决定去看看“我”们被烧毁的房子,在废墟中搜寻值得纪念的东西,尤其是父亲的那块表。
续写
方向
I realized the fire gave us more than it took away.
①作者此刻对火灾有何感受?
②作者一家得到帮助了吗?
My dad's watch is on my bedside table now, which is a reminder that anyone or anything can be lost without warning.
①这场火灾教会了作者什么?
②今后作者和女儿们会如何做?
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
I realized the fire gave us more than it took away. One of the greatest gifts we received was the kindness and care from our community. Some people dropped by with food, clothing and money. Others came by to help us search for treasures through the ruins. Another greatest gift we received was that nothing matters more than family. The fire did burn away lots of our personal items, but we saved the most valuable things.
Paragraph 2:
My dad's watch is on my bedside table now, which is a reminder that anyone or anything can be lost without warning. I begin learning to treasure everything and teach Alexis and Sierra to do the same as me. At the same time, my girls and I keep paying attention to those who are in trouble. It is important for us to pay back the kindness we received. We will be grateful forever.
单元达标检测
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Marvels at These Freaks of Nature
The world is filled with unique, breathtaking sites—from boiling craters to caves full of lightning bugs. While global diseases or natural disasters shock our soul, we might not appreciate nature. In fact, enjoying the wonder of nature can provide some breaks from too much time indoors. These sites are great for you when looking for hope in some of Mother Nature's greatest offerings.
01 The Fly Geyser(Washoe County, Nevada)
This geyser in northern Nevada, found surrounded by fields of grass was created by accident when a geothermal power company drilled a test well(井)where the geyser now sits in 1964.The combination of calcium carbonate deposits (碳酸钙沉积物)and extremely hot water resulted in three nearly 6-foot-high, brightly colored red and green hills that shoot hot water into the air.
02 The Marble(大理石) Caves(Aysen, Chile)
These caves—accessible only by boat—sit in the heart of Patagonia and were formed over 6,000 years ago as water continued to splash against the solid rock formations to create these unique blue marble formations.
03 Lake Sørvágsvatn(Vagár, the Faroe Islands)
This freshwater lake is famous for its appearance of “floating above the ocean”. Though it's actually not even 100 feet above sea level, from various camera angles, the lake looks like it is hundreds of feet above the ocean because of its juxtaposition(并列)with a dramatic waterfall and the cliff to its side.
04 Krka National Park(Šibenik-Knin, Croatia)
This national park in southern Croatia is famous for having not one, but seven, gorgeous waterfalls streaming with greenish-blue water, including the attractive Skradinski Buk waterfall. The clear water in its basin is often filled with visitors taking a dip(快游).
1.According to the text, the following are all false except that .
A.these sites all have something to do with waterfalls
B.you may see lightning bugs in the Marble Caves
C.Lake Sørvágsvatn is floating hundreds of feet above the ocean
D.the Fly Geyser has 6 colorful hills shooting hot water into the air
2.If visitors want to have a swim, they should go to .
A.the Fly Geyser
B.Lake Sørvágsvatn
C.Krka National Park
D.the Marble Caves
3.What is the main purpose of the text?
A.To give basic facts about these freaks of nature.
B.To explain the reasons why these sites are great.
C.To call on people to appreciate these freaks of nature.
D.To offer advice on how to visit these wonders of nature.
B
A storm hit Houston, Texas, on Tuesday. It brought heavy rains and rising floodwaters. By Tuesday night, some parts of the city had received 10 inches of rain. Police and firefighters helped people move to safe places. They also saved people from cars and buses that were stuck on roads.
Certain areas around Houston were hit really hard. In just four hours, more than seven inches of rain fell in Sugar Land in the southwest of Houston. Cars could not pass through any of the area's main roadways. On Twitter, Sugar Land city officials asked people to get to high ground.
Tuesday's rain hit parts of Texas that Hurricane Harvey had already damaged almost two years ago. Hurricane Harvey in August, 2017 was the second most costly hurricane in US history. It caused $125 billion worth of damage in Texas. In the Houston area, 36 people died and about 150,000 homes were flooded.
A spokesman for the Harris County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Management said that this week's rain “is not in any way a Harvey-level event”.
But the worst may not be over yet. People will have a break from the heavy rain on Wednesday. According to National Weather Service, Texas Gulf Coast will continue to experience heavy rain later in the week. “Today should be our quietest over the next few days for rainfall,” said Don Oettinger, a National Weather Service meteorologist (气象学家).
Houston Fire Chief Samuel Peia warned, “As there is too much water on the ground and flash floods are likely to happen, we hope people are careful of what they're doing and encourage them to stay home. There's no sense in putting yourself, firefighters or anybody in danger needlessly.”
4.What are paragraphs 1—2 mainly about?
A.Flood damage in Houston.
B.Flood prevention in Houston.
C.Heavy floods hitting Houston.
D.People fighting floods in Houston.
5.What do we know about Hurricane Harvey?
A.It caused no deaths or injuries.
B.It did a lot of damage to Texas.
C.It was less serious than this week's rain.
D.It was the biggest hurricane on record.
6.What can we learn from the weather report of National Weather Service?
A.Fine days are coming.
B.It will rain a little non-stop.
C.A hurricane is unavoidable.
D.Floods will continue.
7.What did Samuel suggest local people do?
A.Stay indoors.
B.Join firefighters.
C.Give up needless things.
D.Comfort those who lost homes.
C
Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth's plates. These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep moving. Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move, causing an earthquake.
Generally, before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks.Scientists don't really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occurs.
Shock waves from an earthquake that travel through the ground are called seismic waves (地震波). They are most powerful at the center of the earthquake, but they travel through much of the earth and back to the surface. They move quickly at 20 times the speed of sound.
Scientists use seismic waves to measure how big an earthquake is. They use a device called the seismograph (地震仪) to measure the size of the waves. The size of the waves is called the magnitude.
To tell the strength of an earthquake, scientists use a scale called the Moment Magnitude Scale or MMS (it used to be called the Richter Scale). The larger the number on the MMS is, the larger the earthquake will be. You usually won't even notice an earthquake unless it measures at least 3 on the MMS. Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale:
4.0—It will shake your house as if a large truck were passing close by. Some people may not notice.
5.0—If you are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle. Windows may break.
6.0—Items will fall off shelves. Walls in some houses may crack and windows break. Pretty much everyone near the center will feel this one.
7.0—Weaker buildings will collapse and cracks will occur on bridges and streets.
8.0—Many buildings and bridges will fall down. Large cracks will occur in the earth.
9.0 and up—Whole cities will be flattened and large-scale damage will be caused.
8.If a 5.0-magnitude earthquake hit your area, what might happen?
A.Your house might shake violently.
B.People might feel no shaking at all.
C.The family photo may fall off the wall.
D.There might be cracks everywhere on streets.
9.What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?
A.It's still hard to tell foreshocks from main earthquakes.
B.Scientists can't exactly measure the strength of an earthquake.
C.People may ignore foreshocks when an earthquake is not so strong.
D.The earthquake won't cause any damage unless it reaches 9.0 magnitude.
10.The writer explains the concepts concerning the earthquake by .
A.listing examples
B.giving explanations
C.making comparisons
D.offering data
11.The passage is written mainly to .
A.enrich people's knowledge of self-rescue in disasters
B.stress the importance of earthquake rescue
C.issue early warnings before an earthquake
D.present facts about the earthquake
D
Coal burning deep underground in China,India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, which scientists have warned. These large-scale underground fires cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can even bring about forest fires, a panel(专家小组)of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Denver. They warned the resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic(砷)and mercury(汞)could also pollute local water sources and soils. “Coal fires are a global disaster,” said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia State College in Swainsboro, the US. But surprisingly few people know about them.
Coal can heat up on its own. The heat produced will not disappear and can eventually trigger spontaneous combustion(自燃) if there is a continuous oxygen supply. This can occur underground in coal stockpiles(煤堆), abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. Such fires in China destroy up to 200 million tons of coal per year, delegates were told. In comparison, the US economy consumes about one billion tons of coal annually, said Stracher, whose analysis of the likely effect of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Geology. Once underway, coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large volumes of greenhouse gases, poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.
The members of the panel discussed the effect these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to detect(发现). One of the members of the panel, Assistant Professor Paul van Dijk of the International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation in the Netherlands, has been working with the Chinese government to monitor fires in the northern regions of the country.
The remote sensing and other techniques will allow scientists to estimate how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting. One suggested method of controlling the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed heat-resistant grout (泥浆) designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off the oxygen supply.
12.What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A.Coal can heat up on its own and catch fire under certain conditions.
B.The underground oxygen will be used up.
C.Poisonous fumes and greenhouse gases will be accumulated underground.
D.There will be an increase of abandoned mines.
13.What did Stracher analyze in his article published in the International Journal of Coal Geology?
A.Annual consumption of coal in the US.
B.Annual consumption of coal in China.
C.How long coal fires have lasted in the northern regions of China.
D.Coal fires may have an effect on the environment.
14.Which of the following statements about Paul van Dijk is NOT true?
A.He is one of the scientists who have warned against the threats of underground fires.
B.He has monitored underground fires in the Netherlands.
C.He has worked with the Chinese government on the underground fire issue.
D.He works for a research institute in the Netherlands.
15.What is the suggested method to control underground fires in the passage?
A.Using the remote sensing technique.
B.Controlling the release of carbon dioxide.
C.Cutting off the oxygen supply.
D.Making the soil heat-resistant.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Reflect on our relationship with nature
The UK physicist Isaac Newton once said, “ 16 .” Indeed, Mother Nature can provide almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules. But if we break the rules, she is likely to be cruel and lash out (迅猛攻击) at us.
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is an example. 17 . In China, the virus was first found at the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, Hubei province, where live wild animals were sold.
The Wall Street Journal reported that Dr. Peter Daszak, president of the US-based health organization EcoHealth Alliance, said, “This outbreak is a lesson for us. On a global scale, human population density (密度), wildlife diversity, and land use change are what drive new pandemics (流行病).”
In the ancient times, people needed to rely on nature to survive so they held it in awe. For example, the American Indians believed that humans were a part of nature and nature was a part of humans. 18 .
However, as human beings master more knowledge and make more advanced tools, people try to change and even conquer nature. They use more land to make buildings, genetically modify (改变) plants, capture some wild and odd animals to suit their own needs. In this process, humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance.
19 , Brian Lamacraft said at Medium, it's time for people to “reflect on our relationship with our planet” and “reconnect with this world and everything that we've been given”. After all, according to the US poet Gary Snyder, “ 20 .”
A.Nature is not the place to visit; it's our home
B.Nature is pleased with simplicity. And nature is no dummy
C.Chinese ancients always pursued the harmony between nature and human beings
D.It reminds us that the past outbreaks did severe damage to the human society
E.Although we don't know for sure what first caused the outbreak of COVID-19
F.2019-nCoV is similar to a virus found in a bat in 2017
G.The only mother of human beings is now facing a great threat—the environmental problem
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 1994, The Brazilian photographer Salgado went back to his homeland in Minas Gerais, Brazil. He was 21 to see the land run by his family. The thick forest there was once a paradise (乐园) for him and his friends, bringing them 22 memories.
To his horror, he saw a totally different 23 . Only 0.5% of the land was covered with trees. “The land was as sick as a serious patient—everything was 24 due to deforestation (滥伐森林),” Salgado said 25 during a meeting on climate change in Paris.
Salgado 26 that he should do something about it. Then he 27 the bold idea of replanting trees on the land, which beyond his expectation, received 28 from his wife and relatives. Soon the whole family 29 and the results were remarkable. 30 , the land was changing: It was carpeted with green trees again and some of the insects, birds and other animals living on the land before 31 . The land had been brought back to life. The 32 family's hard work also impressed people around them. They 33 cutting down trees and began to protect the environment.
“The work over the years is quite difficult but well worth the 34 and I think every little bit of work 35 ,” said Salgado. Therefore, everyone should play a part in protecting the environment.
21.A.sorry B.ready
C.eager D.willing
22.A.wonderful B.embarrassing
C.painful D.complex
23.A.direction B.atmosphere
C.plan D.sight
24.A.disturbed B.destroyed
C.prohibited D.abandoned
25.A.calmly B.nervously
C.sadly D.lightly
26.A.admitted B.realized
C.agreed D.proved
27.A.thought up B.laughed at
C.turned down D.tried out
28.A.doubts B.permission
C.suggestions D.support
29.A.backed off B.broke up
C.took action D.got through
30.A.Suddenly B.Eventually
C.Gradually D.Generally
31.A.escaped B.returned
C.approached D.died
32.A.kind-hearted B.brave
C.devoted D.considerate
33.A.forgot B.stopped
C.delayed D.missed
34.A.comment B.promise
C.offer D.effort
35.A.increases B.matches
C.improves D.matters
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A serious weather warning has been announced as more than two inches of rain is expected to fall in parts of the UK on Monday, according 36 the Met Office. Three flood warnings in southwest England have been put in place, 37 has caused fears of travel interruption at the beginning of the week. The Met Office has announced the warning of heavy rain across central and 38 (south) England, including London, Birmingham and Manchester, for Monday.
Although 39 is too early to forecast which exact areas will see the 40 (heavy) rain, the Met Office says the South is most likely 41 (see) “the biggest rainfall”. “The heavy rainfall brings a risk of flooding and interruption, but the situation is uncertain, so 42 likelihood of this across any given county is small,” forecasters says.
Grahame Madge, a spokesperson for the Met Office, says 43 (area) from the Isle of Wight to the M4 are predicted to see the worst weather. He 44 (add) that there are no weather warnings in place for the rest of the week 45 forecasters advise people to keep an eye out for more warnings as the unsettled weather is expected to continue.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
近年来全球地震频发。地震会造成包括房屋倒塌、人员伤亡等在内的一系列可怕后果。因此在发生地震时如何保护自己成了一个重要的话题。请你以“How to Survive in an Earthquake”为题写一篇文章。内容包括:
1.地震来临时不要慌张,如果在室外请远离大树、高楼、高压线等;
2.如果在室内,要尽量躲在桌子等坚固的家具下面,并注意保护好头部、颈部;
3.逃生时不要选择乘坐电梯。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
How to Survive in an Earthquake
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On the tenth anniversary of my father's death, I awoke to loud fire alarms at 3:30 a.m. Alexis, my older daughter, was standing in the hallway with her cellphone and a blanket wrapped around her younger sister, Sierra. We ran down the stairs to the main floor. The girls stood by the front door while I checked for the cause of the alarms. When I opened the door to my living room, I could see the carpets were smoking heavily. My house was really on fire.
I shouted to the girls, “Get out! The house is on fire!” They turned and ran out the front door, followed by me. Then we ran through the woods to our neighbor's house. I knocked on my neighbor's front door as police cars passed by.
Later, I was told that it took the firemen a long time to put out the fire. Standing outside my burned house the next day, I got caught up in lots of questions. I had no cash or bank cards. How was I going to pay for anything? Where would we live? What would happen to my house now? I didn't even know where to start. Luckily, our community helped us a lot.
The fire burned almost everything, but I still decided to visit our burned house to search through the ruins. It's interesting how you learn what really matters to you in those conditions. I found myself primarily searching for my father's watch. I also found other treasures as I searched for his watch, including the ring my mom gave me when I left for college, a watch my grandmother gave me for high school graduation, and my daughter's unworn dress, which was ruined. I found the last shirt my father had worn before his hospital stay. We had taken a trip after his second course of chemo (化疗). It was the last vacation we had taken before his death. At that moment, I felt differently about the fire.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
I realized the fire gave us more than it took away.
Paragraph 2:
My dad's watch is on my bedside table now, which is a reminder that anyone or anything can be lost without warning.
答案全解全析
单元达标检测
1.B
2.C
3.C
4.C
5.B
6.D
7.A
8.C
9.A
10.B
11.D
12.A
13.D
14.B
15.C
16.B
17.F
18.C
19.E
20.A
21.C
22.A
23.D
24.B
25.C
26.B
27.A
28.D
29.C
30.C
31.B
32.C
33.B
34.D
35.D
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了4个景点,在这里我们可以领略自然独特的、令人惊叹的风景。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段首句The world is filled with unique, breathtaking sites—from boiling craters to caves full of lightning bugs.(世界上充满了独特的、令人惊叹的景点——从沸腾的火山口到充满萤火虫的洞穴。)可推断出可能在大理石洞穴里看到萤火虫。故选B项。
2.C 细节理解题。根据Krka National Park部分中的最后一句The clear water in its basin is often filled with visitors taking a dip.可知,这里经常挤满了快游的游客,所以如果想游泳,应该去Krka国家公园。故选C项。
3.C 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了几个可以领略自然美景的景点,且根据首段中的we might not appreciate nature及These sites are great for you when looking for hope in some of Mother Nature's greatest offerings.可以判断文章的主要目的是呼吁人们欣赏这些大自然的奇异景色。故选C项。
【高频词汇】 1.be filled with...充满…… 2.unique adj.独一无二的;独特的 3.global adj.全球的;整体的 4.appreciate v.欣赏;感激;领会 5.combination n.结合;组合 6.result in引起;导致 7.accessible adj.可进入的;易接近的 8.splash v.泼洒;喷溅 9.dramatic adj.引人注目的;巨大的 10.waterfall n.瀑布
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。一场暴风雨袭击了休斯敦,大量降水造成城市内洪水泛滥,当地政府提醒人们注意安全。
4.C 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Police and firefighters helped people move to safe places. They also saved people from cars and buses that were stuck on roads.和第二段中的Cars could not pass through any of the area's main roadways.可知,这两段主要在描写大量降水导致休斯敦城市内洪水泛滥,C选项“猛烈的洪水袭击了休斯敦”符合文意。故选C项。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句It caused $125 billion worth of damage in Texas. In the Houston area, 36 people died and about 150, 000 homes were flooded.可知,席卷得克萨斯州的哈维飓风造成了巨大的财产损失和人员伤亡,与B选项描述一致。故选B项。
6.D 推理判断题。根据第五段尤其是第三句According to National Weather Service, Texas Gulf Coast will continue to experience heavy rain later in the week.可知,人们在周三能稍微松口气,但这一周后面几天降水将会继续,届时洪水将会再次泛滥。故选D项。
7.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段Samuel所说的话中As there is too much water on the ground and flash floods are likely to happen, we hope people are careful of what they're doing and encourage them to stay home.可知,Samuel希望人们注意安全,并鼓励他们待在家里,与A选项表述一致。故选A项。
【高频词汇】 1.inch n.英寸 2.costly adj.昂贵的;代价高的
3.spokesman n.发言人 4.security n.安全;安全工作;保证
5.emergency n.紧急情况;突发事件 6.needlessly adv.不必要地
长难句分析
原句 As there is too much water on the ground and flash floods are likely to happen, we hope people are careful of what they're doing and encourage them to stay home.
分析 本句为主从复合句。As there is too much water on the ground and flash floods are likely to happen是由As引导的原因状语从句,这个从句是由and连接的并列句;we hope people are...stay home是主句;其中,people are careful of what they're doing是省略了that的宾语从句,作动词hope的宾语;what they're doing也是一个宾语从句,作介词of的宾语。
译文 由于地上的水太多,并且有可能发生暴洪,我们希望人们注意他们的所作所为,鼓励他们待在家里。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一些和地震相关的事实,如地震产生的原因、大地震前后会有小地震、地震波的含义、地震强度的测量方式以及不同级别的地震可能会发生的一些事情等。
8.C 推理判断题。根据文中5.0—If you are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle. Windows may break.(5.0——如果你在车里,它可能会摇晃。杯子和盘子可能会发出响声。窗户可能会破碎。)并分析选项可知,如果你所在地区发生5.0级地震,C项“全家福可能会从墙上掉下来”这样的事情有可能发生。故选C。
9.A 推理判断题。根据上文Generally, before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks.(一般来说,大地震前后会有小地震。之前发生的称为前震。之后发生的称为余震。)及画线句(直到更大的地震发生,科学家才真正知道一次地震是否是前震。)可推知画线句子想表达的是“前震和主震仍然很难区分”,故选A。
10.B 推理判断题。第一段主要解释了地震产生的原因,第二段主要解释了主震、前震、余震的区别,第三段主要解释了地震波的含义,所以作者主要通过作诠释的方式来阐明有关地震的概念。故选B。
11.D 推理判断题。根据首段首句Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth's plates.(地震通常发生在地球板块的大的区域的边缘。)以及后文主要介绍了关于地震的知识可知,这篇文章主要是为了介绍地震的相关事实。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.edge n.边缘 2.build up 逐渐增强 3.measure v.测量;量度为 4.device n.设备;装置 5.scale n.规模;范围;等级 6.item n.物品;项目;条款 7.crack v.破裂;爆裂 n.裂缝
长难句分析
原句 Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move, causing an earthquake.
分析 本句为并列复合句。and连接两个并列分句;在前一分句中,where the edges are stuck是一个地点状语从句;在后一分句中,once the pressure gets strong enough是一个条件状语从句,causing an earthquake为现在分词短语作结果状语。
译文 在边缘挤压的地方,压力开始慢慢增大,一旦压力变得足够大,板块就会突然移动,引起地震。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。大规模的地下煤炭火灾会导致地面温度升高,杀死周围的植被,产生温室气体,甚至可能引发森林火灾。
12.A 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句Coal can heat up on its own. The heat produced will not disappear and can eventually trigger spontaneous combustion(自燃) if there is a continuous oxygen supply.可知,煤会自行升温并在特定情况下起火燃烧。故选A。
13.D 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句中的whose analysis of the likely effect of coal fires可知,Stracher分析了煤炭火灾可能会(对环境)产生的影响。故选D。
14.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句One of the members of the panel, Assistant Professor Paul van Dijk of the International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation in the Netherlands, has been working with the Chinese government to monitor fires in the northern regions of the country.可知,Paul van Dijk一直在与中国政府合作在中国北方地区监测地下火灾,而不是在荷兰监测地下火灾。故选B。
15.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句One suggested method of controlling the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed heat-resistant grout designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off the oxygen supply.可知,文章中建议控制地下煤炭火灾的方法是切断氧气供应。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.threaten v.威胁;恐吓 2.annual adj.每年的;一年一次的 3.release n.& v.释放 4.poisonous adj.有毒的
5.continuous adj.持续的;不断的 6.abandoned adj.废弃的;被遗弃的 7.transport v.运输 8.heat up加热;升温 9.bring about引起;导致 10.in comparison相比之下
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要以新型冠状病毒肺炎为例,论证了如果我们违反自然法则,自然可能会很残忍,对我们大发脾气,从而警示人们:自然是我们的家,要爱护自然。
16.B 根据后文Indeed, Mother Nature can provide almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules. But if we break the rules, she is likely to be cruel and lash out at us.可知,本段在讲述大自然的法则。因此可推知设空句应是引用了牛顿的话来总结大自然的法则。B选项Nature is pleased with simplicity. And nature is no dummy(大自然喜欢简单,大自然也不是傀儡)概括了这一法则。故选B项。
17.F 根据前文The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is an example.可知,本段在以新型冠状病毒肺炎为例进行论证,因此设空句以及本段后文内容应是在解释这种病毒的由来。F选项2019-nCoV is similar to a virus found in a bat in 2017(2019新型冠状病毒与2017年在一只蝙蝠体内发现的一种病毒类似)对其进行了说明,符合语境。故选F项。
18.C 根据前文In the ancient times, people needed to rely on nature to survive so they held it in awe.可知,本段的主题为人与自然的关系,C选项Chinese ancients always pursued the harmony between nature and human beings(中国古人历来追求自然与人类的和谐)符合主题,与前文的例子并列。故选C项。
19.E 分析句子结构可知,空后是完整的一句话,与设空处中间没有连词连接,故推测设空处内容不是完整的句子,只有E选项符合条件。故选E项。
20.A 设空句在最后一段段末,应是对段落内容或全文的总结。根据前文Brian Lamacraft said at Medium, it's time for people to “reflect on our relationship with our planet” and “reconnect with this world and everything that we've been given”.可知,本段再次强调了人与自然的关系。A选项Nature is not the place to visit;it's our home(自然不是参观的地方,而是我们的家)总结了本段内容。故选A项。
【高频词汇】 1.cruel adj.残忍的;残酷的 2.outbreak n.(战争、疾病等的)爆发 3.master v.掌握;精通 4.advanced adj.高级的;先进的 5.conquer v.征服 6.capture v.捕捉;捕获
7.pursue v.追求;从事 8.reflect on反思;思考 9.rely on依靠
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Salgado发现自己儿时的乐园——茂密的森林由于乱砍滥伐而濒临消失。经过Salgado一家人的努力,这里再次栽满了绿色的树,之前生活在这片土地上的一些昆虫、鸟类和其他动物也回来了。
21.C 考查形容词。sorry抱歉的;ready准备好;eager渴望的;willing乐意的。根据The thick forest there was once a paradise for him and his friends, bringing them 22 memories.可知,他渴望看到他的家族经营的土地。故选C。
22.A 考查形容词。wonderful美好的;embarrassing使人尴尬的;painful痛苦的;complex复杂的。根据The thick forest there was once a paradise for him and his friends可知,茂密的森林给他们带来了美好的回忆。故选A。
23.D 考查名词。direction方向;atmosphere气氛;plan计划;sight景象。根据Only 0.5% of the land was covered with trees.可知,他看到了一个完全不同的景象。故选D。
24.B 考查动词。disturb干扰;destroy破坏;prohibit禁止;abandon抛弃。根据due to deforestation可知,这里意思是由于滥伐森林,一切都被破坏了。故选B。
25.C 考查副词。calmly平静地;nervously紧张地;sadly悲伤地;lightly轻微地。根据上文The land was as sick as a serious patient可知,这里意思是这样的景象令他很悲伤。故选C。
26.B 考查动词。admit承认;realize意识到;agree同意;prove证明。根据Then he 27 the bold idea of replanting trees on the land, which beyond his expectation, received 28 from his wife and relatives.可知,这里意思是Salgado意识到他应该做点什么。故选B。
27.A 考查动词短语。think up想出;laugh at嘲笑;turn down拒绝;try out试验。根据the bold idea of replanting trees on the land可知,这里意思是他想出了一个大胆的主意。故选A。
28.D 考查名词。doubt怀疑;permission允许;suggestion建议;support支持。根据Soon the whole family 29 and the results were remarkable.可知,他得到了妻子和亲戚们的支持。故选D。
29.C 考查动词短语。back off后退;break up结束;take action采取行动;get through通过。根据and the results were remarkable可知,整个家族都采取了行动。故选C。
30.C 考查副词。suddenly突然地;eventually最后;gradually渐渐地;generally普遍地。根据生活常识可知,土地发生变化是一个逐渐的过程。故选C。
31.B 考查动词。escape逃跑;return返回;approach接近;die死亡。根据The land had been brought back to life.可知,之前生活在这片土地上的一些昆虫、鸟类和其他动物也回来了。故选B。
32.C 考查形容词。kind-hearted好心的;brave勇敢的;devoted全心全意的;considerate考虑周到的。Salgado一家人通过自己的努力,把荒野重新变成了绿洲,他们全心全意地保护这片土地。故选C。
33.B 考查动词。forget忘记;stop停止;delay延迟;miss错过。根据The 32 family's hard work also impressed people around them.可知,这里意思是周围的人停止砍伐树木,开始保护环境。故选B。
34.D 考查名词。comment评论;promise诺言;offer提议;effort努力。根据The 32 family's hard work also impressed people around them.可知,Salgado一家为这项工作付出了辛苦的努力。故选D。
35.D 考查动词。increase增加;match匹配;improve改善;matter要紧,重要。根据Therefore, everyone should play a part in protecting the environment.可知,这里意思是Salgado认为每一点工作都很重要。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.photographer n.摄影师 2.bold adj.大胆的
3.remarkable adj.显著的;卓越的;非凡的 4.to one's horror令某人惊骇的是 5.beyond one's expectation出乎某人的意料
6.be carpeted with...被……覆盖
长难句分析
原句 Then he thought up the bold idea of replanting trees on the land, which beyond his expectation, received support from his wife and relatives.
分析 本句为主从复合句。which beyond his expectation, received support from his wife and relatives为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词idea,which在从句中作主语。
译文 于是,他想出了在这块土地上重新植树的大胆主意,出乎他的意料,这得到了妻子和亲戚们的支持。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道,报道了英国气象局对下周的降雨预警。
36.to 考查介词。句意:英国气象局已发布重大天气预警——英国部分地区周一预计将有超过两英寸的降雨。according to...根据……。故填to。
37.which 考查定语从句。句意:英格兰西南部已发布三个洪水预警,这在本周初引起了人们对行程中断的担忧。空前有逗号,应用which引导非限制性定语从句, 指代前面的整个主句。故填which。
38.southern 考查形容词。句意:英国气象局已经宣布暴雨预警,遍及英格兰中部和南部,包括伦敦、伯明翰和曼彻斯特在内的地区将于周一迎来暴雨。根据空前的central and可知,此空填形容词,south是名词,其形容词形式为southern。故填southern。
39.it 考查代词it的用法。句意:虽然目前预测哪些确切地区将出现最强降雨还为时过早……。句型“it is+ adj.+不定式”中,it作形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式。故填it。
40.heaviest 考查形容词最高级。句意同上。根据后文the biggest rainfall可知,此空应填heavy的最高级。故填heaviest。
41.to see 考查固定短语。句意:……但气象局表示,南部最有可能经历“最大降雨”。短语be likely to do...意为“可能做……”。故填to see。
42.the 考查冠词。句意:预报员说:“强降雨量会带来洪水和阻断出行的风险,但情况不确定,因此在任何一个特定郡的各处发生这种情况的可能性都很小。”空后的this指代前文中的强降雨量带来洪水和阻断出行的风险,因此此处为特指,故填the。
43.areas 考查名词复数。句意:英国气象局的发言人Grahame Madge表示,从怀特岛到M4等地区预计将出现最恶劣的天气。根据from the Isle of Wight to the M4可知地区不止一个,故填复数形式areas。
44.adds 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:他补充说,关于本周余下的几天还没有天气预警……。根据全文时态可知应用一般现在时,且主语为He,故填adds。
45.but 考查连词。句意:……但预报员建议人们留意更多的预警,因为不稳定的天气预计将持续下去。分析可知前后文之间是转折关系,故填but。
【高频词汇】 1.warning n.警告 2.interruption n.中断;打断;干扰 3.forecast v.预报;预测 4.likelihood n.可能性;可能
5.spokesperson n.发言人 6.unsettled adj.易变的;不稳定的
7.put in place 落实;实施 8.keep an eye out for留心;警惕
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
How to Survive in an Earthquake
Earthquakes have happened in many places in recent years, causing significant damage. So how to keep safe during an earthquake has become an important issue. Here are some guidelines.
Above all, don't be nervous and try to keep calm. If you are outdoors, it's necessary to find an open area away from trees,buildings, power lines and anything else that might fall on you. If you are indoors, move to a safe place such as the area under a strong desk. Cover your head and neck with your arms to protect yourself from falling objects. Finally, never use the lift.
Actually, we can reduce the damage earthquakes bring us if we take right measures.
第二节
写作指导
故事
要素
Time
on the tenth anniversary of my father's death
Place
in my house
Character
Alexis (my older daughter) ,
Sierra (my younger daughter)
and I
故事
情节
Beginning
在“我”父亲去世十周年之际,“我”们家着火了。“我”和两个女儿跑出火海,但“我”们家却被烧毁了。
Development
大火烧毁了几乎所有的东西,但“我”还是决定去看看“我”们被烧毁的房子,在废墟中搜寻值得纪念的东西,尤其是父亲的那块表。
续写
方向
I realized the fire gave us more than it took away.
①作者此刻对火灾有何感受?
②作者一家得到帮助了吗?
My dad's watch is on my bedside table now, which is a reminder that anyone or anything can be lost without warning.
①这场火灾教会了作者什么?
②今后作者和女儿们会如何做?
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
I realized the fire gave us more than it took away. One of the greatest gifts we received was the kindness and care from our community. Some people dropped by with food, clothing and money. Others came by to help us search for treasures through the ruins. Another greatest gift we received was that nothing matters more than family. The fire did burn away lots of our personal items, but we saved the most valuable things.
Paragraph 2:
My dad's watch is on my bedside table now, which is a reminder that anyone or anything can be lost without warning. I begin learning to treasure everything and teach Alexis and Sierra to do the same as me. At the same time, my girls and I keep paying attention to those who are in trouble. It is important for us to pay back the kindness we received. We will be grateful forever.
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