Unit 1 Natureinthebalance 课时分层作业（三） 含解析 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册（2022年） 练习

Unit 1 Nature in the balance

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Live in the City—Many of us yearn to live in the country，so we can be closer to nature and enjoy peace and quiet.However，when we do this there are less wild areas for wildlife.We need to develop a new environmental theory，which encourages people to stay in the cities.We have to make cities more livable and leave the remaining wild areas for the wildlife.

Support Strict Zoning—Land use zoning(土地用途分区管制) is one of the few tools the government can use to protect wetlands，natural areas and environmental corridors.Unfortunately，such zoning is often opposed by powerful land developers or political forces.It's important for citizens to show support for zoning to offset these negative pressures.

Support Organizations Preserving Rare Properties—Several groups specialize in buying and keeping pieces of important wildlife habitat which are threatened with development.

Create Habitat in Your Backyard—You can make your own backyard habitat for wildlife by planting native plants，putting nest boxes in the trees and so on.

Save Energy—We must work together to use less energy.This is important to stop climate change and global warming.Saving energy also reduces direct habitat losses and air and water pollution，all of which threaten wildlife.

Limit Your Family Size—Each person requires space and natural resources to live.The human population is rapidly rising to levels which make it difficult to provide enough resources for humans while maintaining a healthy environment for wildlife.If each couple limited themselves to no more than 2 children，the world's population would stabilize(稳定) and be able to support everyone without conflict or suffering.

Get Involved and Talk to Law Makers—Many of our laws are not helpful for preserving wildlife habitat or saving energy，and some policies actually reward large energy users.Citizens need to contact their law makers and ask for better policies.

【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了我们普通人可以做哪些事情来保护野生动物。

1．What would be the best title for this passage?

A．Where Should We Live in the Future?

B．How to Protect Our Environment?

C．Why Should We Save Energy?

D．What Can We Do to Help Wildlife?

D　[标题归纳题。本文中的几项内容都是关于我们普通人可以做哪些事情保护野生动物的。]

2．The underlined word “yearn” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”．

A．hope　　 B．fear

C．hate D．fail

A　[词义猜测题。根据后半句的内容，居住在乡下能使人们亲近大自然，享受平和安静的生活，所以人们希望到乡下居住。]

3．Which of the following actions will NOT destroy the homes of wildlife?

A．Building houses in the country.

B．Putting nest boxes in the backyard.

C．Releasing dirty water into a river.

D．Couples having many children.

B　[细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，居住在乡下、污染水资源和增加人口都会威胁到野生动物的家园，而人工放置鸟巢是保护野生动物的一种方式，所以选B项。]

B

Every year，over 7.72 trillion kilograms of plastic is washed into the oceans.There are five huge areas in the world's oceans that are a “soup” of floating rubbish.One of these areas，the Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP)，is three times as large as France.

Over a year ago，a group called Ocean Cleanup began using a huge floating screen to try to clean up plastic pollution in the ocean.After several failures，the group is now collecting plastic in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.But the plastic is spreading out over a large area，so it's impossible to collect it piece by piece.So，the Ocean Cleanup had a plan.They got a long floating U­shaped tube with a screen hanging below it.As the tube and screen are pushed by the water and the winds，the U is meant to collect plastic rubbish，making it easy for a ship to collect and remove the plastic.The system uses the power of the wind and ocean，so it doesn't need fuel.

The group began testing the first version，called “System 001”，last September.But it soon became clear that the screen was just moving with the plastic，not collecting it.Sometimes plastic would wash over the top of the tube.Even worse，“System 001” got broken by surging seas and had to be towed to Hawaii for repairs.

But Mr.Slat，who got the idea for the Ocean Cleanup system，sees the project as an experiment，which means a failure is a chance to learn.The team collected and studied lots of information about what worked well and what didn't.Then they changed the design.In June，an improved version，called “System 001/B” was towed back to the GPGP.

The new version has a parachute (降落伞) attached to it.This makes the system move slightly slower than the plastic，allowing the plastic to be collected inside，as planned.But this success is still just the beginning of the work of the Ocean Cleanup.They want a better and larger system.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了每年有大量塑料垃圾被冲入海洋并漂浮在海面上，一个叫做Ocean Cleanup的团队研制出了收集塑料垃圾的工具并不断地进行完善。

4．What does the author want to show in Paragraph 1?

A．Humans should try to prevent plastic waste.

B．The GPGP is facing different kinds of pollution.

C．Plastic pollution in the oceans has become a serious problem.

D．A series of problems has been caused by plastic pollution.

C　[推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，每年有超过7.72万亿公斤的塑料被冲进海洋。世界上有五个巨大的海洋区域是漂浮垃圾的“汤”。其中的大太平洋垃圾带(GPGP)的面积是法国的三倍。由此可推知，在第一段中，作者通过列数字的方式是想表达海洋中的塑料污染已经成为一个严重的问题。故选C。]

5．What was the group's plan?

A．To make use of the water and the winds.

B．To create a ship to collect waste in the oceans.

C．To collect the floating plastic waste piece by piece.

D．To gather up the floating plastic waste in the oceans.

D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Over a year ago，a group called Ocean Cleanup began using a huge floating screen to try to clean up plastic pollution in the ocean.After several failures，the group is now collecting plastic in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.(一年多前，一个名为海洋清理的组织开始使用一个巨大的浮动筛来清理海洋中的塑料污染。经过几次失败后，该组织现在正在大太平洋垃圾带收集塑料。)”由此可知，这个团体的计划是收集海洋中漂浮的塑料垃圾。故选D。]

6．What can we know about the “System 001”？

A．It was a failure.

B．It was a great success.

C．It worked with a parachute.

D．It needed to be fueled regularly.

A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“But it soon became clear that the screen was just moving with the plastic，not collecting it.Sometimes plastic would wash over the top of the tube.Even worse，‘System 001’ got broken by surging seas and had to be towed to Hawaii for repairs.(但很快就发现，这块筛只是随着塑料的移动而移动，而不能收集垃圾。有时塑料会从管子的顶部冲洗出来。更糟糕的是，‘System 001’被汹涌的海浪打破，不得不被拖到夏威夷进行维修。)”以及第四段第一句“But Mr.Slat，who got the idea for the Ocean Cleanup system，sees the project as an experiment，which means a failure is a chance to learn.(但产生海洋清理系统想法的Slat认为，这个项目是一个实验，也就是说，失败是一个学习的机会。)”可知，“System 001”失败了。故选A。]

7．What does the underlined word“surging” mean in Paragraph 3?

A．Vast. B．Rough.

C．Calm. D．Peaceful.

B　[词义猜测题。根据上文“Even worse，‘System 001’ got broken”可知有更糟糕的是，“System 001”被汹涌的海浪打破，不得不被拖到夏威夷进行维修。由此可知，画线单词意思为“汹涌的，猛烈的”。故选B。]

Ⅱ.读后续写

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

For many years，I had a recurring (重复出现的) dream.I was a little girl again，rushing about，trying to get ready for school.

“Hurry，you'll be late for school，” my mother called to me.

“I am hurrying，Mom! What did I do with my books？”

Deep inside I knew where the dream came from.It was about some unfinished business in my life.As a kid，I loved everything about school.I loved books，teachers，tests and homework.Most of all I longed to someday march down the aisle (通道) to receive my diploma.That seemed more appealing even than getting married.

But at 15，I had to drop out because my parents couldn't afford tuition.My hope of getting a diploma(毕业证书) was dead，or so I thought.Pretty soon，I married and had three children，and I thought：“There goes my diploma.”

Even so，I wanted my children to be educated.But Linda，our youngest child，had juvenile arthritis (幼年型关节炎) in her hands and knees，which made it impossible for her to function in a normal classroom.I felt really sorry for her and I didn't want her to live her life with regret.I didn't give up hope of her being back to school in some way.

One day，I saw an ad in the newspaper for evening courses.“That's the answer，” I said to myself.Linda always feels better in the evening，so I'll just sign her up for night school.Linda was busy filling out enrollment (入学) forms when the secretary said：“Mrs.Schantz，why don't you come back to school？”

I laughed：“There's no way! I'm 55！” But he persisted，and before I knew what I had done，I was enrolled for classes in English and crafts.“This is only an experiment，” I warned him，but he just smiled.So，I told myself to try for just a semester and to see if it would work.Anyway，my dream was still there in my heart.

注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式作答。

It was exciting to go to school again but it was no game.____________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Linda and I helped each other through the time.___________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

It was exciting to go to school again but it was no game.Sitting in a classroom full of kids was awkward，even if most of them were respectful and encouraging. During the day，I was still a busy married woman having loads of housework to do.In the evening，I was a hardworking student working on my courses.To my surprise，both Linda and I did very well in night school.I went back again the next semester，and my grades steadily improved.

Linda and I helped each other through the time.When I was down，Linda encouraged me.“Mom，you can't quit now！” And when she was down，I encouraged her.I have to say it was a time which was really hard on both of us.But neither of us gave up.At last，I got my diploma.To my surprise，almost all of my classmates voted for me to be class speaker，and I got a $3，000 college scholarship.The unfinished business in my dreams was eventually finished.

【导读】　《一个干净明亮的地方》是海明威的早期作品，是一部典型的虚无主义小说，具有典型的海明威风格：文章以虚无思想为主题并大量使用简洁句。

A Clean，Well­lighted Place(excerpt)

It was very late and everyone had left the cafe except an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the tree made against the electric light.In the day time the street was dusty，but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference.The two waiters inside the cafe knew that the old man was a little drunk，and while he was a good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying，so they kept watch on him.

“Last week he tried to commit suicide，” one waiter said.

“Why？”

“He was in despair.”

“What about？”

“Nothing.”

“How do you know it was nothing？”

“He has plenty of money.”

They sat together at a table that was close against the wall near the door of the cafe and looked at the terrace where the tables were all empty except where the old man sat in the shadow of the leaves of the tree that moved slightly in the wind.A girl and a soldier went by in the street.The street light shone on the brass number on his collar.The girl wore no head covering and hurried beside him.

“The guard will pick him up，”one waiter said.

“What does it matter if he gets what he's after？”

“He had better get off the street now.The guard will get him.They went by five minutes ago.”

The old man sitting in the shadow rapped on his saucer with his glass.The younger waiter went over to him.

“What do you want？”

The old man looked at him.“Another  brandy，” he said.

“You'll be drunk，” the waiter said.The old man looked at him.The waiter went away.

“He'll stay all night，” he said to his colleague.

“I'm sleepy now.I never get into bed before three o'clock.He should have killed himself last week.”

The waiter took the brandy bottle and another saucer from the counter inside the cafe and marched out to the old man's table.He put down the saucer and poured the glass full of brandy.

“You should have killed yourself last week，”he said to the deaf man.The old man motioned with his finger.“A little more，”he said.The waiter poured on into the glass so that the brandy slopped over and ran down the stem into the top saucer of the pile.“Thank you，” the old man said.The waiter took the bottle back inside the cafe.He sat down at the table with his colleague again.

“He's drunk now，” he said.

“He's drunk every night.”

“What did he want to kill himself for？”

“How should I know.”

“How did he do it？”

“He hung himself with a rope.”

“Who cut him down？”

“His niece.”

“Why did they do it？”

“Fear for his soul.”

“How much money has he got？”

“He's got plenty.”

“He must be eighty years old.”

“Anyway I should say he was eighty.”

“I wish he would go home.I never get to bed before three o'clock.What kind of hour is that to go to bed？”

“He stays up because he likes it.”

“He's lonely.I'm not lonely.I have a wife waiting in bed for me.”

“He had a wife once too.”

“A wife would be no good to him now.”

“You can't tell.He might be better with a wife.”

“His niece looks after him.You said she cut him down.”

“I know.”

“I wouldn't want to be that old.An old man is a nasty thing.”

“Not always.This old man is clean.He drinks without spilling.Even now，drunk.Look at him.”

“I don't want to look at him.I wish he would go home.He has no regard for those who must work.”

The old man looked from his glass across  the square，then over at the waiters.

“Another brandy，” he said，pointing to his glass.The waiter who was in a hurry came over.

“Finished，”he said，speaking with that  omission of syntax stupid people employ when  talking to drunken people or foreigners.“No more tonight.Close now.”

“Another，”said the old man.

“No.Finished.”The waiter wiped the edge of the table with a towel and shook his head.

The old man stood up，slowly counted the saucers，took a leather coin purse from his pocket and paid for the drinks，leaving half a peseta tip.

The waiter watched him go down the street，a very old man walking unsteadily but with dignity.

《一个干净明亮的地方》(节选)

时间很晚了，大家都离开餐馆，只有一个老人还坐在树叶挡住灯光的阴影里。白天，街上尽是尘埃，到了晚上，露水压住了尘埃。这个老人喜欢坐得很晚，因为他是个聋人，现在是夜里，十分寂静，他感觉得到跟白天的不同。待在餐馆里的两个侍者知道这老人有点儿醉了，他虽然是个好主顾，可是，他们知道，如果他喝得太醉了，他会不付账就走，所以他们一直在留神他。   

“上个星期他想自杀，”一个侍者说。

“为什么？”

“他绝望啦。”

“干吗绝望？”

“没事儿。”

“你怎么知道是没事儿？”

“他有很多钱。”

他们一起坐在紧靠着餐馆大门墙边的桌旁，眼睛望着平台，那儿的桌子全都空无一人，只有那个老人坐在随风轻轻飘拂的树叶的阴影里。有个少女和一个大兵走过大街。街灯照在他那领章的铜号码上。那个少女没戴帽子，在他身旁匆匆走着。

“警卫队会把他逮走，”一个侍者说。

“如果他到手了他要找的东西，那又有什么关系呢？”

“他这会儿还是从街上溜走为好。警卫队会找他麻烦，他们五分钟前才经过这里。”

那老人坐在阴影里，用杯子敲敲茶托。那个年纪比较小的侍者走到他那儿。

“你要什么？”

老人朝他看了看。  “再来杯白兰地，”他说。

“你会喝醉的，”侍者说。老人朝他看了一看。侍者走开了。

“他会通宵待在这里，”他对他的同事说。

“我困了。我从来没有在三点钟以前睡觉过。他应该在上星期就自杀了。”

侍者从餐馆里的柜台上拿了一瓶白兰地和另一个茶托，大步走了出来，送到老人桌上。他放下茶托，把杯子倒满了白兰地。

“你应该在上星期就自杀了，”他对那个聋人说。老人把手指一晃。  “再加一点，”他说。侍者又往杯子里倒酒，酒溢了出来，顺着高脚杯的脚流进了一叠茶托的第一只茶托。“谢谢你，”老人说。侍者把酒瓶拿回到餐馆去。他又同他的同事坐在桌旁。

“他这会儿喝醉了，”他说。

“他每天晚上都喝醉。”

“他干吗要自杀呀？”

“我怎么知道。”

“他上次是怎样自杀的？”

“他用绳子上吊。”

“谁把他放下来的？”

“他侄女。”

“干吗要把他放下来？”

“为他的灵魂担忧。”

“他有多少钱？”

“他有很多钱。”

“他准有八十岁喽。”

“不管怎样，我算准他有八十岁。”

“我真希望他回家去。我从来没有在三点钟以前睡觉过。那是个什么样的睡觉时间呀？”

“他因为不喜欢睡觉所以才不睡觉。”

“他孤孤单单。我可不孤单。我有个老婆在床上等着我呢。”

“他从前也有过老婆。”

“这会儿有老婆对他可没好处。”

“话可不能这么说。他有老婆也许会好些。”

“他侄女会照料他。你刚才说是她把他放下来的。”

“我知道。”

“我才不要活得那么老。老人邋里邋遢。”

“不一定都是这样。这个老人干干净净。他喝啤酒并不滴滴答答往外漏。哪怕这会儿喝醉了。你瞧他。”

“我才不想瞧他。我希望他回家去。他并不关心那些非干活不可的人。”

那老人从酒杯上抬起头来望望广场，又望望那两个侍者。

“再来杯白兰地，”他指着杯子说。那个着急的侍者跑了过去。

“没啦，”他不顾什么句法地说，蠢汉在对醉汉或外国人说话时就这么说法。“今晚上没啦。打烊啦。”

“再来一杯。”那老人说。

“不，没啦。”侍者一边拿块毛巾揩揩桌沿，一边摇摇头。

老人站了起来，慢慢地数着茶托，从口袋里摸出一只装硬币的皮夹子来，付了酒账，又放下半个比塞塔作小费。

那个侍者瞅着他顺着大街走去，这个年纪很大的人走起路来，虽然脚步不挺稳，却很有神气。

[知识积累]

1．keep watch on 注意

2．in despair   绝望地

3．march out to   出发去……

4．have no regard for   不尊重；不重视

[文化链接]

《一个干净明亮的地方》内容概要

这篇小说所描述的是一位老人和两位侍者的故事，其中老人这一人物形象看似微不足道，但从他自杀和饮酒的两个选择行为来分析，他是个展现了重压之下的优雅风度和精神不败的尊严感的海明威式主人公。两位侍者之间的对话引出了“虚无”这一主题，表明“虚无是对存在的体验，人类只有在内心保持一片干净明亮的地方才能抵御虚无”。