高中英语课时作业6UNIT2Naturaldisasters含解析译林版必修第三册 练习

课时分层作业(六)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

The US government has recently helped people learn more about the dangers of earthquakes by publishing a map.This map shows the chances of an earthquake in each part of the country.The areas of the map where earthquakes are most likely to occur are called earthquake belts.The government is spending a great deal of money and is working hard to help to discover the answers to these two questions：

Can we predict earthquakes?

Can we control earthquakes?

To answer the first question，scientists are looking very closely at the most active fault (断层) systems in the country，such as the San Andreas fault in California.A fault is a break between two sections of the earth's surface.These breaks between sections are the places where earthquakes occur.Scientists look at the faults for changes which might show that an earthquake was about to occur.But it will probably be many years before we can predict earthquakes correctly.And the control of earthquakes is even farther away.

However，there have been some interesting developments in the field of controlling earthquakes.The most interesting development concerns the Rocky Mountain Arsenal earthquakes.Here water was put into a layer of rocks 4，000 metres below the surface of the ground.Shortly after this injection (注射) of water，there was a small number of earthquakes.Scientists have decided that the water which was injected into the rocks worked like oil on each other.

When the water “oiled” the fault，the fault became slippery and the energy of an earthquake was given out.Scientists are still experimenting at the site of these earthquakes.They have realized that there is a connection between the injection of the water and the earthquake activity.They have suggested that it might be possible to use this knowledge to prevent very big，dangerous earthquakes，that is，scientists could inject some kind of fluid like water into faults and change one big earthquake into a number of small，harmless earthquakes.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。为了提高人们对地震的防范意识，美国政府加大了在防震、预测方面的投入，他们甚至在努力采取措施控制地震的发生。

1．Earthquakes belts are________．

A．maps that show where earthquakes are likely to occur

B．zones with a high probability of earthquakes

C．breaks between two sections of the earth's surface

D．the two layers of earth along a fault

B　[细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句可知，地震多发地带被称为earthquake belts。]

2．The San Andreas fault is________．

A．an active fault system

B．a place where earthquakes have been predicted correctly

C．a place where earthquakes have been controlled

D．at the foot of the Rocky Mountain

A　[细节理解题。根据第二段可知，该地区为地震比较活跃的地区。]

3．What did scientists learn about earthquakes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?

A．They occur at about 4，000 metres below ground level.

B．The injection of water into earthquake faults prevents earthquakes from occurring.

C．They are usually caused by the oil in the faults.

D．Harmful earthquakes could be prevented by causing harmless earthquakes.

D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段尾句可知选D。]

4．What can be said about the experiments at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal?

A．They have no practical value in earthquake prevention.

B．They may have practical value in earthquake prevention.

C．They are certain to have practical value in earthquake prevention.

D．Nothing is told about their practical value in earthquake prevention.

B　[推理判断题。根据科学家的试验，通过向断裂带注水可以引发小地震，从而使地震的能量得到释放，因此也就降低了大地震爆发的可能。]

B

Every year thousands of tourists visit Pompeii，

Italy.They see the sights that Pompeii is famous for，such as its stadium，theatres，shops and restaurants.The tourists do not，however，see Pompeii's people.They do not see them because Pompeii has no people.No one has lived in Pompeii for almost 2，000 years.

Once，Pompeii was a busy city of 22，000 people.It lay at the foot of Mount Vesuvius，a grass­covered volcano.Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries，so the people of Pompeii felt safe.But they were not.

In August of AD 79，Mount Vesuvius erupted.The entire top of the mountain exploded，and a huge black cloud rose into the air.Soon stones and hot volcanic ash began to fall on Pompeii.When the eruption ended two days later，Pompeii was buried under 20 feet of stones and ashes.Almost all of its people were dead.

For centuries，Pompeii lay buried under stones and ashes.Then，in the year 1861，an Italian scientist named Ginseppe began to uncover Pompeii.Slowly and carefully，Ginseppe and his men dug.The city looked almost the same as it had looked in AD 79.There were streets and fountains，houses and shops.There was a stadium with 20，000 seats.Perhaps the most important of all is that there were everyday objects，which tell us a great deal about the people who lived in Pompeii.Many glasses and jars had some dark blue colour in the bottom，so we know that the people of Pompeii liked wine.They liked bread，too；metal bread pans were in every bakery，and in one bakery there were 81 round，flat loaves of bread—a type of bread that is still sold in Italy today.Tiny boxes filled with a dark，shiny powder told us that women like to wear eye­make­up.

Ginseppe has died，but his work continues.One fourth has not been uncovered yet.Scientists are still digging，still making discoveries that draw tourists to Pompeii.

【语篇解读】　本文记叙了位于意大利维苏威火山山脚的古城庞贝在公元79年被火山灰掩埋以及1861年被发掘后，古城人文景观重现于世的故事。

5．Why do large numbers of people come to Pompeii each year?

A．To visit the volcano.

B．To see how Pompeians lived.

C．To watch sports and plays.

D．To shop and eat there.

B　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“They see the sights that Pompeii is famous for，such as its stadium，theatres，shops and restaurants.”可知，游客来到庞贝古城是为了看过去的庞贝人是如何生活的，因为庞贝城被火山灰掩埋而保持了原有的一切风貌。故选B。]

6．Why had so many Pompeians remained by Mount Vesuvius?

A．The city nearby offered all kinds of fun.

B．The area produced the finest wine in Italy.

C．Few people expected the volcano to erupt again.

D．The mountain was beautiful and covered with grass.

C　[细节理解题。根据第二段最后三句“It lay at the foot of Mount Vesuvius...But they were not.”可知，这座火山很长时间处于休眠状态，人们没料到它还会喷发。故选C。]

7．Why did the city uncovered look almost the same as it had looked in AD 79?

A．Because Ginseppe and his men dug it slowly and carefully.

B．Because scientists successfully rebuilt the city with everyday objects.

C．Because the city was buried alive and remained untouched.

D．Because nobody had lived in the city ever since the volcano erupted.

C　[推理判断题。由第二段的内容以及第三段的最后两句“When the eruption ended two days later...were dead.”可知，由于火山突然喷发，人们在毫无准备的情况下就被埋葬了，几个世纪以来都没有被破坏，所以保留了当时的全部的情景。故选C。]

8．What do we know about the Pompeians who lived 2，000 years ago?

A．They liked women wearing all kinds of make­ups.

B．They lived more or less the same as Italians now do.

C．They enjoyed a lazy life with drinking and eating.

D．They went back to Pompeii after the eruption in AD 79.

B　[细节理解题。根据文章第四段的内容可知，古代的庞贝人的生活习惯和现代人差不多一样。故选B。]

Ⅱ.读后续写

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

One fine summer morning，my master Mr.Earnshaw came down the stairs，dressed for a journey；he turned to his children and me—for I sat eating my porridge with them，and said，“Now，I'm going to Liverpool today.What presents shall I bring you? You may choose what you like；only small things，for I shall walk there and back，that is a long time！”

Hindley named a violin.Cathy could ride any horse in the stable，so she chose a whip (鞭子)．He did not forget me，for he had a kind heart，though he was rather serious sometimes.He promised to bring me a pocketful of apples and pears.Then he set off.

The three days of his absence seemed a long while to us all.Mrs.Earnshaw expected him by supper time on the third evening.She put off the meal hour after hour.There were no signs of his coming，however.About eleven o'clock the door opened and in stepped Mr.Earnshaw.He threw himself into a chair，for he was nearly killed.He would never again have another such walk for whatever reasons.

Opening his great coat，which he used to wrap (裹) something，he said，“See here，honey.I was never so tired like today in my life.But you must take it as a gift for us.”

We crowded round him.And over Miss Cathy's head，I had a look at a dirty，ragged，black­haired child—big enough both to walk and talk.Yet，when he was set on his feet，he just stared around and repeated what nobody could understand.I was frightened and Mrs.Earnshaw was ready to throw him out of doors.She did get angry，asking why he had brought that Gypsy (吉卜赛人) child into the house when they had their own kids to feed and look after.

注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式作答。

Mr.Earnshaw tried to explain the matter though he was really half dead with tiredness._____________________________________________________________

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Well，finally Mrs.Earnshaw calmed down._______________________________

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【参考范文】

Mr.Earnshaw tried to explain the matter though he was really half dead with tiredness.Though Mrs.Earnshaw was angry，all that he could make out was a story of his seeing the child starving，and homeless in the street of Liverpool where he picked him up and inquired him about his parents.But obviously there were no signs of his parents' coming.He said that as both his money and time were limited，he had better take the child home with him at once.Anyway he was determined not to leave him as he found him.

Well，finally Mrs.Earnshaw calmed down. And Mr.Earnshaw told her to wash the child，give him clean clothes，and let him sleep with the children.Hindley and Cathy were standing by silently to look and listen till peace was restored.Then both of them began searching their father's pockets for the presents he had promised them.But they found nothing.When learning that their father was so busy attending to the kid that he forgot to buy presents，they forgave him.

【导读】　《哈利·波特》是英国作家J·K.罗琳(J.K.Rowling)于1997－2007年所著的魔幻文学系列小说，共7部。其中前六部以霍格沃茨魔法学校为主要舞台，描写的是主人公——年轻的巫师学生哈利·波特在霍格沃茨前后六年的学习生活和冒险故事；第七部描写的是哈利·波特在第二次魔法界大战中在外寻找魂器并消灭伏地魔的故事。

Harry Potter (Excerpt)

Mr. and Mrs. Dursley, of number four, Privet Drive, were proud to say that they were perfectly normal, thank you very much. They were the last people you'd expect to be involved in anything strange or mysterious, because they just didn't hold with such nonsense.

Mr. Dursley was the director of a firm called Grunnings，which made drills. He was a big, beefy man with hardly any neck，although he did have a very large mustache. Mrs. Dursley was thin and blonde and had nearly twice the usual amount of neck, which came in very useful as she spent so much of her time craning over garden fences, spying on the neighbors. The Dursleys had a small son called Dudley and in their opinion there was no finer boy anywhere.

The Dursleys had everything they wanted, but they also had a secret, and their greatest fear was that somebody would discover it. They didn't think they could bear it if anyone found out about the Potters. Mrs. Potter was Mrs. Dursley's sister, but they hadn't met for several years; in fact, Mrs. Dursley pretended she didn't have a sister, because her sister and her good­for­nothing husband were as unDursleyish as it was possible to be.The Dursleys shuddered to think what the neighbors would say it：the Potters arrived in the street. The Dursleys knew that the Potters had a small son，too, but they had never even seen him.This boy was another good reason for keeping the Potters away；they didn't want Dudley mixing with a child like that.

《哈利·波特》(节选)

住在女贞路四号的德思礼先生及夫人，他们非常骄傲地宣称自己是十分正常的人，拜托了。他们绝不会卷入任何奇怪或神秘的事情，因为他们对此总是嗤之以鼻。

德思礼先生是一家叫作格朗宁的钻机公司的老板。他非常肥壮、结实，几乎肥到没有脖子，但却有一把大胡子。德思礼夫人则很瘦，一头金发。她的脖子有常人的两倍那么长，这使得她整天伸长脖子透过花园围栏去偷窥邻居家的动静变得非常容易。德思礼夫妇有个儿子叫作达力。在他们眼中，这世界上再没有比达力更棒的男孩子。

德思礼一家几乎有他们想要的一切东西。但是他们也有一个秘密，而且他们最担心的是有一天别人会发现这个秘密。如果有人知道了关于波特一家的事，他们会受不了的。波特夫人是德思礼夫人的妹妹，但是她们已经有很多年没有见面了。事实上，德思礼夫人假装她从来没有什么妹妹，因为她的妹妹和那不中用的妹夫没有一丝一毫德思礼家族的风范。一想到波特一家的到来会招致邻居的议论，德思礼一家就会浑身发抖。德思礼一家知道波特夫妇也有一个儿子，只是未曾谋面。这个小男孩也成了德思礼一家避开波特一家的借口，因为他们不希望听话的达力与这种小孩混在—起。

[知识积累]

1．involve vt.　 包含；使参与，牵涉

2．mysterious adj.   玄妙的；神秘的

3．nonsense n.   胡闹；胡说

4．drill n.   训练；钻头；钻机

5．beefy adj.   强壮的；结实的

6．blonde adj.   (头发)金色的

[文化链接]

根据《哈利·波特》作者J.K.罗琳的介绍，这个故事的灵感是1991年她在从曼彻斯特到伦敦的火车上萌发出的。尽管J.K.罗琳一再说明，在开始写哈利·波特系列小说时没有针对特定年龄段读者的想法，但是出版社在出版第一部的时候，显然把读者群定位在9到15岁的青少年。