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上海浦东新区近五年（2016-2020）高三上学期期末英语试卷分类汇编-阅读理解
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这是一份上海浦东新区近五年（2016-2020）高三上学期期末英语试卷分类汇编-阅读理解，共30页。
浦东新区 2019 -2020学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高三英语试卷
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have read.
（A）
Dame Zaha Hadid, the Iraqi-brn British architect whse tall structures left a mark n skylines and imaginatins arund the wrld and in the prcess reshaped architecture fr the mdern age.
She was nt an average designer. She liberated architectural gemetry( 几何), giving it a whle new
expressive identity. Gemetry became, in her hands, a vehicle fr unprecedented and eye-ppping new spaces. Her buildings elevated uncertainty t an art, cnveyed in the dd ways.
Her wrk implying mbility, speed, freedm and uncertainty spke t a wrldview widely shared by a yunger generatin. “I am nt Eurpean, I dn’t d cnventinal wrk and I am a wman,’’ Strikingly Ms. Hadid never allwed herself n her wrk t be categrized by her backgrund r her gender. And she was ne f a kind, a path breaker. In 2004, she became the first wman t win the Pritzker Prize, architecture’s Nbel.
Zaha Hadid was brn in Baghdad n Octber 31, 1950. Then in 1972, she arrived at the architectural assciatin in Lndn, a center fr experimental design. Her teachers included Elia Zenghelis and Rem Klhaas. “They arused my ambitin,” she wuld recall, “and taught me t trust even my strangest instincts.” By the 1980s she had established her wn practice in Lndn. And she began t draw attentin with an unrealized plan in 1982—1983 fr the Peak Club.
Her partner, Patrick Schumacher, played an instrumental and cllabrative rle in her career. Mr. Schumacher cined the term parametric(参数的) design t include the cmputer-based apprach that helped the firm’s mst weird cncepts becme reality. Ms. Hadid called what resulted in an rganic language f architecture, based n these new tls, which allw us t cmbine highly cmplex frms int a fluid(流线的) and cmplete whle.
Her surces were nature, histry r whatever she sught useful. When her Rsenthal Center, a relatively mdest prject, pened in 2003, Herbert Muschamp, the architecture critic declared it “the mst imprtant American building t be cmpleted since the end f the cld war”.
“She was bigger than life, a frce f nature,” as Amale Andras, the dean f Clumbia University’s architecture schl, put it, “she was a pineer.”
She was. Fr wmen, fr what cities can desire t build and fr the art f architecture.
What features the structures designed by Zaha Hadid?
Free architectural gemetry.B. Cnventinal design.
C. Odd imaginatin.D. Clrful patterns.
Accrding t Paragraphs 3 and 4, which f the fllwing statement is TRUE?
Zaha Hadid taught herself t trust instincts.
The plan fr the Peak Club hasn’t been carried ut.
The architect’s gender influenced her wrk dramatically.
Zaha Hadid was the first architect t win the Pritzker Prize.
Hw did the cmputer-based apprach make a difference t Zaha Hadid’s wrk?
It cntributes t realizing the strange ideas.
It simplifies the cmplex structure as a whle.
It prvides new tls t translate the language.
It serves as an instrument t interpret the cncepts.
The purpse f the passage is t .
present Zaha Hadid’s life experience
praise Zaha Hadid’s inspiratin and diligence
cmpare Zaha Hadid’s wrks in different times
shw Zaha Hadid’s great cntributins t architecture
（B）
2020 SAN FRANCISCO
WRITERS CONFERENCE
17th Celebratin f Craft, Cmmerce & Cmmunity
February 13-16, 2020 at the Hyatt Regency San Francisc
Speakers:*Walter Msley*Jnathan Maberry*Brke Warner
Plus authrs, editrs, publishers & literary agents frm New Yrk, L.A. & S.F. Bay Area
Visit t get event/cntest/schlarship details, access nline registratin fr the free SFWC Newsletter.
Cnsiderable Early Discunts and Special Rm Rates!
2019 SAN FRANCISCO
WRITING FOR CHANGE
A ne-day cnference fr all writers wh want t change the wrld thrugh their writing.
September 14th at the Unitarian Center Details and registratin:
SFWC/San Francisc Writers Fundatin is a nnprfit rganizatin
Behind the Scenes f a Writing Cnference
When yu attend a writing cnference, yu see a facade that tk mnths r lnger t make up. Plenty is ging n behind the scenes. Let’s take a lk behind the curtain.
The day starts lng befre attendees walk thrugh the dr. Registratin is set up, signs psted and tables arranged. Lgistics ( 后 勤 ) all fall n the cnference rganizers. Fr example, the annual cnference I direct in San Francisc (see the pster abve) is a simple ne-day cnference that takes mre than eight mnths t put tgether and arund 15 staff and vlunteers t manage. Larger multi-day cnferences have even mre ging n behind the scenes.
Overseeing it all is the cnference directr, a cnductr wh typically wrks with cmmittee directrs t make sure everything runs smthly. Over the curse f the cnference, staffers make sure everything stays n track. It’s nt unusual fr staff t walk miles in a day and g withut meals.
Cnference staff and vlunteers are always behind the curtains making sure yur experience is perfect. The next time yu attend a well-run writing cnference, take a mment t thank staff and vlunteers fr their devtin. They deserve all the praise they can get because withut them, there wuld be n cnference.
The underlined wrd facade refers t .
the effrt behind the scenes
the scenes visible t the public
the literary masterpiece n display
the material distributed at the meeting
What’s the latest time t start t arrange fr the ne-day cnference in San Francisc?
July, 2019.B. March, 209.C. September, 2019 .D. January, 2019.
Accrding t the writer, the attendees f the 2020 San Francisc Writers Cnference shuld praise the .
three speakersB. authrs and editrsC. staff and vlunteersD. crprate spnsrs
(C)
Each year, backed up by a grwing anti-cnsumerist mvement, peple are using the hliday seasn t call n us all t shp less.
Driven by cncerns abut resurce exhaustin, ver recent years envirnmentalists have
increasingly turned their sights n ur “cnsumer culture”. Grups such as The Stry f Stuff and Buy Nthing New Day are grwing as a mvement that increasingly blames all ur ills n ur desire t shp.
We clearly have a grwing resurce prblem. The prduces we make, buy, and use are ften linked t the destructin f ur waterways, bidiversity, climate and the land n which millins f peple live. But t blame these issues n Christmas shppers is misguided, and puts us in the ld trap f blaming individuals fr what is a systematic prblem.
While we cmplain abut envirnmental destructin ver Christmas, envirnmentalists ften frget what the hliday seasn actually means fr many peple. Fr mst, Christmas isn’t an add-n t an already heavy shpping year. In fact, it is likely the nly time f year many have the pprtunity t spend n friends and family, r even just t buy the necessities needed fr mdern life.
This is particularly, true fr Bxing Day, ften the target f the strngest derisin(嘲弄) by anti-cnsumerists. While we may laugh at the queues in frnt f the shps, fr many, thse sales prvide the ne chance t buy items they’ve needed all year. As Leigh Phillips argues, “this is ne f the few times f the year that peple can even hpe t affrd such ‘luxuries’, the Christmas presents their kids are asking fr, r just an appliance that wrks.”
Indeed, the richest 7% f peple are respnsible fr 50% f greenhuse gas emissins. This becmes particularly harmful when yu take int accunt that thse shpping n Bxing Day are nly a small part f ur cnsumptin “prblem” anyway. Why are envirnmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignring such peple as Russian billinaire Rman Abramvich, wh has his wn￡1.5bn yacht with a missile defence system?
Anyway, anti-cnsumerism has becme a mvement f wealthy peple talking dwn t the
wrking class abut their life chices, while ignring the real cause f ur envirnmental prblems. It is n wnder ne is changing their behaviurs—r that envirnmental destructin cntinues withut any reductin in intensity.
It is indicated in the 1st paragraph that during the hliday seasn, many cnsumers .
ignre resurce prblems
are fascinated with presents
are encuraged t spend less
shw great interest in the mvement.
It can be inferred frm Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the envirnmentalist mvement .
has targeted the wrng persns
has achieved its intended purpses
has taken envirnment-friendly measures
has benefited bth cnsumers and prducers
The example f Rman Abramvich is used t shw envirnmentalists’ .
madness abut life chices
discntent with rich lifestyle
ignrance abut the real cause
disrespect fr hliday shppers
It can be cncluded frm the text that telling peple nt t shp at Christmas is .
anything less than a respnsibilityB. nthing mre than a bias
C. indicative f envirnmental awarenessD. unacceptable t rdinary peple
Sectin B
56-59ABAD
60-62BDC
63-66CACB
浦东新区 2018 -2019学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高三英语试卷
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
One recent night, while I was leafing thrugh its pages f an ld jurnal, my eyes met a qute by the British writer Graham Greene that I had marked. “A prejudice had smething in cmmn with an ideal.” In ther wrds, ideals — general descriptins f peple’s expectatins f themselves and thers — can ften lead us t unreasnable ideas. It gt me thinking abut hw we ften allw urselves t generalize abut grups f peple. We like t steretype peple by the clr f their skin, the year f their birth r any ther related factrs.
I grew up in a multi-racial crner f America. The different grups were ften subject t narrw steretypes: Jewish peple were “greedy,” Mexicans were “prly educated,” and Asians were “gd at math.” These labels were taught t us frm a yung age. They wrmed their way int ur belief systems, harming hw we came t see thers. It made me sad grwing up t see peple repeat these steretypes as if they were true. The rush-t-judgment f peple breeds a culture f discriminatin (歧视).
Yu can als see these ver-generalized descriptin being made against tday’s Chinese peple. Whether it be a lack f interest r wrry amng millennials (千禧一代) being described as “mnkish,” r “dad-fashin (复古作风)” which has given the “greasy middle-aged men” tag, steretypes always seem t gain a fthld in the cnsciusness f ur sciety. But these generalizatins d real harm as these myths may becme part f the wider ppulatin.
It’s abut time that we, as a sciety, walked away frm generalizatins and steretypes. I leave yu with the wrds f Martin Luther King Jr. frm his famus “I Have a Dream” speech: “I lk t a day when peple will nt be judged by the clr f their skin, but by the cntent f their character.” By reserving judgment and really getting t knw the individual, yu might just find yur irratinal ideas have n fundatin.
56. Accrding t the passage, hw d peple tend t judge thers?
A. By describing peple’s persnalities.
B. By truly getting t knw thse arund.
C. By bserving their nticeable features.
D. By fllwing Martin Luther King’s speech.
57. Accrding t the authr, a culture f discriminatin appears because ________.
A. peple live in places f varius races
B. peple are brn with unreasnable ideas
C. prejudices slightly influence peple’s belief system
D. peple usually make judgments withut thinking twice
58. Examples f “millennials” and “dad-fashin” are mentined in Paragraph 3 t reveal ________.
A. generalizatins have unfavurable psitin in sciety
B. generalizatins have a negative influence n ur sciety
C. generalizatins are fund peculiar t the middle-aged Chinese
D. generalizatins make tday’s Chinese peple lack interest r wrry
59.The passage is mainly cncerned with ________.
A. the cmmn prejudiceB. peple’s expectatin f themselves
C. the grundless wrriesD. the famus speech f Martin Luther King
(B)
When yu crss deep water driving t fast, yu risk splashing water up int the air bx and having it get sucked int the internal engine, which is mre cmmn than yu think. There are a few steps yu shuld take t clear the water ut befre yu try t start it:
First, drain the fuel tank, fuel lines and the il. While it's draining, put a fan n the wiring and dry it ut. Remve and clean the carburetr (化油器).
Take the plugs ut f the engine and turn it ver t frce any water ut. Water will cme ut with the il. Add il t the engine and turn it ver again, withut the plug in. Let it sit fr a while, then bserve the il t tell if there's any water in it (it will lk like a white milky substance if there is water mixed with the il). If it's there, drain it again and start ver until there is little r n white shwing in the il.
Nw re-install the spark plug, add gas, then try t start the engine. Yu shuld have a can f ether (乙醚) handy just in case it's stubbrn, but dn't use t much. If it starts, let it run fr a few minutes withut making it wrk faster.
After it runs fr several minutes, shut it ff, drain the il and change the filter(过滤网). Run it again fr a few minutes then shut it ff and checks again fr milky clred il. If yu have nne, yu shuld be gd t g.
If yu cannt start the engine, yu may have already ruined it and yu will prbably need t seek a prfessinal t repair it, r, mre likely, yu'll have t replace it.
60.Accrding t the passage, a driver turns the engine ver after il is added t it s that he can _______.
A. drain the il and change the filter withut any difficulty
B. re-install the spark plug and get ready t start the car again
C. make a milky substance which is the mixture f water and il
D. see whether there is any water in the engine by checking the il
61. The underlined wrd “stubbrn” in paragraph 4 may prbably means ________.
A. reluctant t changeB. hard t switch n
C. insufficient t burnD. unable t take in
62. This passage may be mst helpful t ________.
A. a pliceman wh knws much abut car accidents
B. a secretary wh has just driven acrss a small pnd
C. a driver wh is incapable f fixing the car by himself
D. a teacher wh is t carry ut her rutine car maintenance
(C)
One f the features f a successful business is its ability t emply creativity t cnstantly push int new territry. Withut grwth and innvatin, businesses eventually fade away. Thse with staying pwer, hwever, have mastered an ften-verlked factr that allws them t fcus n the future clearly: empathy (共情). While that may surprise many, I am certain that the ability t cnnect with and relate t thers —empathy in its purest frm — is the frce that mves businesses frward.
Thugh the cncept f empathy might g against the mdern cncept f a traditinal wrkplace — cmpetitive, the reality is that fr business leaders t experience success, they need t nt just see r hear the activity arund them, but als relate t the peple they serve.
Sme may think they want the results frm dggedly (顽强地) pursuing their gals withut much thught fr ther peple. This attitude wrks fr sme, but at sme pint — ften sner rather than later — everyne needs t rely n their relatinships and established persnal and prfessinal cnnectins. These relatinships are the prduct f taking an hnest and dedicated interest in thers and their businesses. Successful peple d nt perate alne; each f us needs the supprt f thers t achieve psitive results that push us tward ur gals. True empathy cmbines understanding bth the emtinal and the lgical ratinale(根据) that ges int every decisin.
Effectively understanding empathy invlves viewing it as each persn’s cnnectin t the peple and marketplace that surrund them. A bilgical principle knwn as c-evlutin explains that the adaptatin f an rganism is caused by the change f a related bject. Similarly, businesses and their leaders participate in c-evlutin-type relatinships. Business success depends n empathetic leaders wh are able t adapt, build n the strengths arund them, and relate t their envirnment. When businesses fail, it is ften because leaders have stpped fcusing n understanding their envirnment and instead stay separated in their wn peratins. Successful business leaders are receptive t disturbance and aware f what is ging n in their rganizatins bth internally and externally.
T develp an effective wrkfrce, we must be willing t give in and meet peple where they are. This can be frustrating and uncmfrtable, particularly when yu feel like yur psitin makes mre sense r ffers a better slutin. A critical part f develping empathy, hwever, is learning t understand, respect and implement anther individual’s pint f view rather than frcing yur wn.
63. In the authr’s pinin, if a cmpany wants t achieve success, it must ________.
A. frequently develp in new areasB. always stay pure and pwerful
C. cncentrate n its future develpmentD. value much thught fr thers
64. It can be inferred frm the passage that _________.
A. empathy generally depends n lgical reasns
B. supprts frm thers help t achieve ambitins
C. cmpetitin rarely exists in traditinal wrkplaces
D. striving fr gals n ne’s wn is the key t success
65. Which f the fllwing examples can best illustrate the c-evlutin principle?
A. The bss is t ccupied t realize that his emplyees’ incme is belw the average.
B. The head f the news agency ffers little bnus t the jurnalists wh wrk extra hurs.
C. The principal prmises flexible wrking hurs after the schl mves t the cuntryside.
D. The factry directr insists n increasing the utput despite the declining market demand.
66.What can be the best title f this passage?
A. Empathy and Business SuccessB. The Frmatin f Empathy
C. Empathy and AggressivenessD. The Imprtance f Empathy
56~59 CDBA 60~62 DBB 63~66 DBCA
浦东新区 2017 -2018学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高三英语试卷
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C, and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
When yu think abut cffee alternatives, garlic is prbably ne f the last things that cmes t mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that ne Japanese inventr used t create a drink that lks and tastes like cffee.
74-year-ld Ykitm Shimtai, a cffee shp wner in Amri Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic cffee” is the result f a cking blunder he made ver 30 years ag, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scrched garlic’s arma, he mashed it up with a spn and mixed it with ht water. The resulting drink lked and tasted a lt like cffee. Making a mental nte f his discvery, Ykimt carried n with his jb, and nly started researching garlic cffee again after he retired.
Cmmitted t turning his weird drink int a cmmercial prduct, Ykitm Shimtai spent years ptimizing the frmula, and abut five years ag, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with.
T make his disslvable garlic grunds, he rasts the clves in an electric ven, and, after they’ve cled ff, smashes them int fine particles and packs them in dripbags.
“My drink is prbably the wrld’s first f its kind,” the garlic cffee inventr tld Kyd News.
“It cntains n caffeine s it’s gd fr thse wh wuld like t drink cffee at night r pregnant wmen.”
“The bitterness f burned garlic apparently helps create the cffee-like flavr,” Shimtai adds.
He claims that, althugh his garlic cffee des give ff an arma f rasted garlic, it desn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thrughly cked. And if yu can get past the smell, the drink apparently des taste a lt like actual cffee.
If decaf isn’t gd enugh fr yu, and yu’re in the md fr smething new, yu can try Ykitm Shimtai’s garlic cffee at his shp, in the city f Ninhc, Iwate Prefecture, r buy yur wn dripbags fr just 324 yen($2.8).
56. Which wrd is the clsest in meaning t the underlined wrd“blunder”in the secnd paragraph?
A. mistakeB. shwC. mixtureD. brand
57. Wh is nt suitable t drink garlic cffee?
A. A wman bearing a baby.
B. A student having truble with sleep.
C. A cleaner wrking n a day shift.
D. A yung lady sick f garlic.
58. Which f the fllwing is nt characteristic f garlic cffee?
A. It is caffeine-free.
B. Garlic pwder disslves in water.
C. The burnt garlic creates bitterness.
D. It is an imprvement n a garlic dish.
59. Which f the fllwing can be used t describe Ykitm Shimtai?
A. venturus and greedyB. innvative and perseverant
C. hardwrking and cautiusD. bservant and helpful
(B)
Hw an advertisement is put tgether
When yu read an advertisement there are many factrs yu shuld cnsider, including:
target audience
brand names
slgans
pictures and clur
special ffers/cupns
emtive/persuasive vcabulary
Target audience
Advertisers aim particular prducts at different grups f peple accrding t age, sex, scial class and interests. They will ften make assumptins abut peple and label r steretype them.
Wh d yu think these prducts wuld be aimed at: nappies, diamnds, mint chclates, sprts cars?
What kind f prducts wuld be aimed at these peple: teenagers, 25-year-ld single men, 40-year- ld wrking mums?
Brand names
Brand names are chsen carefully. They can suggest particular lifestyles, values r interests and are intended t appeal t the target audience.
Nissan Primera: this suggests quality. Primera is similar t premium and premier.
Frd Ka: the spelling f Ka suggests nvelty and simplicity. It is mdern and futuristic. It is als bund t stick in yur mind when yu are lking fr a new car!
Slgans
A slgan has t be catchy and memrable. Slgans use a range f devices: alliteratin, repetitin, puns, questins, persnal prnuns and humur.
Have a break. Have a Kit Kat. Repetitin
The ttally trpical taste. Alliteratin
Picture and clur
All pictures try t make yu feel smething and mst are biased, even phtgraphs. They create a view f what the wrld is like using different tricks such as lighting and clur.
Different clurs have different assciatins that can be linked t particular prducts.
Yellw: freshness, sunlight, lemns. This clur wuld be gd fr advertising washing up liquid.
Green: cuntryside, natural, healthy. What wuld yu use this clur fr ?
What d yu assciate these clurs with: red, black, range, gld, blue?
Special ffers/cupns
Advertisers ften appear t ffer smething fr nthing’: if yu buy ne prduct yu will receive anther ne free r half price. These ffers are incentive t try a new prduct r t encurage lyalty t an existing ne.
Emtive/persuasive vcabulary
In advertising yu will find lts f wrds and phrases that are intended t persuade yu r appeal t yur emtins.
Muthwatering silky free chclate rmantic creamy luxurius like mum used t make
60. What clr is suitable fr dishwashing liquid?
A. Green.B. Red.C. Orange.D. Yellw.
61. Which f the fllwing slgans applies the device alliteratin?
A. Msquit Bye Bye Bye.(RADAR)B. We d, we said.(HENNESSY)
C. M&Ms melt in yur muth(M&Ms)D. Start ahead.(RLJOICE)
62. Accrding t the passage, t keep the regular custmers, advertising cmpanies tend t ________.
A. impress them with clrful picturesB. use prmtinal strategies
C. change slgans frequentlyD. create eye-catching brand names
(C)
Dental health: Brush with cnfidence
Children shuld be taught t brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicin remains amng sme Peple, dentists included, that even s, certain children are dmed t develp dental cavities. The hypthesis behind this fear is that sme cmbinatins f genes may give rise t the srts f ral bacteria which are respnsible fr cavities. If true, that wuld be sad fr the yungsters cncerned.
But a study just published in Cell Hst and Micrbe, by Andres Gmez and Karen Nelsn f the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Dieg, suggests it isn’t true.
The muth is hme t many species f micrbes. Mst are gd. Sme, thugh, are well knwn t secrete acidic waste prducts when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them t decay.
T try t find ut whether a child’s genes play any rle in encuraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gmez and Dr Nelsn set up an experiment with twins.
Their“vlunteers”were 280 pairs f fraternal twins and 205 pairs f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, wh had nt taken antibitics during the previus six mnths. The children were asked t stp brushing their teeth the evening and the mrning befre the crucial mment f data cllectin. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci(the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria cllect)t find ut what was there. The children als had their teeth scred by dentists as belnging t ne f three categries: having n signs f current r previus dental cavities: having signs f current r previus cavities affecting the enamel(a tth’s hard, uter layer); r having signs f cavities that penetrated the enamel and allected the underlying dentine as well.
Dr Gmez and Dr Nelsn fund that, thugh identical twins shared many grups f bacteria which were nt shared by fraternal twins, nne f these was a type respnsible fr cavities. Mrever, similarities in bacterial flra were greatest amng five-t seven-year-lds, weaker amng seven- t nine-year-lds and weakest amng nine-t 11-year-lds. This suggests that any rle genes d play in regulating the muth’s eclgy fades with time.
Far frm supprting the idea that sme children are fated t suffer frm cavities n matter hw well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the pwer t cntrl the grwth f the relevant bacteria is very much within reach f children and their parents. Brushing, hwever, may nt be the nly apprach. Aviding sugary fds is bviusly de rigueur. It seems likely, thugh, that which ther fds a child eats may help shape his ral ecsystem, t. This is an area f nging research. But, as in the intestines(肠道), s in the muth, scientific medicine is at last cming t grips with the fact that the mixture f micrbes present is bth imprtant and capable f manipulatin, t the benefit f the hst.
63. What des“hypthesis”refer t in paragraph 1?
A. Children’s failure t brush their teeth prperly leads t tth decay.
B. Sme children are prgrammed t develp tth decay.
C. Yungsters are suspicius f the effectiveness f tth-brushing.
D. Sme genes are mre likely t lead t dental cavites.
64. Dr Gmez and Dr Nelsn cnducted an experiment t find ut _______.
A. whether genes have anything t d with dental decay
B. which grup f twins are mre likely t have decayed teeth
C. what kinds f fds tend t give rise t tth decay
D. why the ecsystem f the intestines is similar t that f the muth
65. Which f the fllwing statements is UNTRUE accrding t the passage?
A. Scientists are nt yet sure hw ecsystem f the muth is frmed.
B. The rle genes play in cntrlling ecsystem f the muth weakens with the time.
C. The children are classified int three grups accrding t the degrees f dental cavities.
D. Identical twins are nt as genetically clse t each ther as fraternal twins.
66. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. The existence f multiple micrbes benefits children’s ral ecsystem.
B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness f a child’s ral ecsystem.
C. Cutting dwn n sugar intake is the mst likely way t prevent tth decay.
D. Parents are in n psitin t help their children maintain healthy ral ecsystem.
【答案】56. A 57. D 58. D 59. B 60. D 61. C 62. B 63. D 64. A 65. D 66. A
浦东新区 2016 -2017学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高三英语试卷
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have read.
(A)
Jeremy Baras remembers the first time he ever saw a pp-up a restaurant. The 26-year-ld entrepreneur （企业家）was n vacatin in England fur years ag and had t lk up at the Lndn Eye Ferries wheel t see it. Hanging abve him was a capsule full f diners wh were served a new curse each time a revlutin was made. “I thught that was the clest thing ever”, he says. Baras, wh funded PpUpRepublic.cm in 2012 t prmte the idea f pp-up restaurants in USA, has been studying them ever since.
Pp-ups, which have been arund since at least the early 2000s, are pen anywhere frm a few hurs t several mnths, but their defining feature is that they are temprary. They may be nly a tiny part f the $709 billin U.S. restaurant industry, but ppups have gtten a bst in recent years as a lwer-cst, lwer- risk way fr entrepreneurs t test the waters. Sme restaurant wners see them as a way t renew interest in existing lcatins. And sme struggling cities, like Oakland, Calif., have turned t them t help revitalize lcal ecnmies impacted by the recessin（衰退）.
The cncept has been especially ppular with up-and-cming chefs wh want t test-drive as a menu cncept withut investing a frtune in a permanent space. “Yur cks and chefs are really talented, but they’re stuck in the back f smebdy else’s kitchen cking smebdy else’s menu,” says Zach Kupperman, chief businessman fficer and c-funder f Dinner Lab.
Chefs in Dinner Lab ck in the middle f space, give a brief intrductin abut the menu and themselves — and then bravely listen t diner feedback afterward. Pp-ups’ temprary nature als allws restaurateurs t charge a depsit t make sure the diners will shw up.Of curse, trends in the fd industry cme and g quickly, and there is n guarantee that diners wn’t tire f the cncept. Sme entrepreneurs have resrted t even a weirder lcatins — in a frmer limestne mine, say, r at the tp f a crane — t keep custmers interested. Says Baras, “It's nt quite part f the mainstream ecnmy yet.”
56. What des the underlined part “a revlutin was made” in Paragraph One pssibly mean?
A. Chefs designed creative dishes.
B. Diners tasted fd in an innvative way.
C. The capsule cntaining diners made a circle.
D. Great changes were made in the fd industry.
57. Which f the fllwing might NOT be the reasns fr pp-up restaurants’ fast develpment?
A. Being temprary features pp-up restaurants.
B. Pp-up restaurant can restre lcal ecnmy t prsperity.
C. Business wners venture int the business with fewer risks and investments.
D. Restaurant wners can make diners interested in the riginal restaurants again.
58. Perspective chefs are drawn t pp-ups due t the fact that__________________.
A. pp-ups are becming increasingly ppular with diners wrldwide
B. they have the desire t explre a safer way t make a living
C. their investment in pp-ups will bring them a frtune n a permanent basis
D. pp-ups prvide a flexible test field fr talented chefs’ riginality
59. The writer’s prpse f writing the passenger is t___________________.
A. appeal t peple t dine ut in pp-up restaurants
B. give a brief intrductin f pp-up restaurants
C. warn business wners f the appearance f pp-up restaurants
D. fresee the future f pp-up restaurants’ develpment
(B)
In fur cuntries with fast-develping ecnmies (BRIC) – Brazil, Russia, India, and China – the agricultural sectr has becme a prving grund fr innvatin. Juergen Vegele, a Wrld Bank agriculture expert, predicts that “by transfrming agriculture, we will nt nly meet the challenge f feeding nine billin peple by 2050 but d s in ways that create wealth and reduce its envirnmental ftprint.”
BRAZIL
Sybeans n the Rise
Preserving the Amazn rain frest is a tp pririty fr Brazil.
The rapid expansin f sybean and cattle farming there during the 1990s and early 2000s led t alarming rates f defrestatin. Over the past ten years, hwever, with gvernment supprt, activists and famers have prtected mre than 33,000 square miles f rain frest – an area equal t mre than 14 millin sccer fields. Saving these frests has kept 3.5 billin tns f carbn dixide ut f atmsphere.
Yet even under these land restrictins, Brazil’s sybean prductin has increased. The cuntry is nw the wrld’s secnd largest prducer f the crp. Hw did this happen?
Farmers fcused n efficiency. Using new machinery and early maturing seeds enabled them t squeeze an additinal planting int the standard grwing seasn. Accrding t the U.S. Department f Agriculture, Brazil’s 2014-15 sybean crp has hit a recrd 104.2 millin tns, up 8.6 millin tns frm the year befre, as farmers have made better use f their fields. This prgress, says the Wrld Bank’s Juergen Vegele, is an example f hw “prducing mre fd cexist with prtecting the envirnment.”
60. Accrding t Juergen Vegele, innvatin in agriculture will lead t all the fllwing except ______.
61. Which ne is the apprpriate number t fill in the blank in the chart?
62. What is the mst imprtant prblem Brazil is faced with?
(C)
Spain’s Literary Genius
Fur centuries ag, the authr f ne f the greatest cmedic characters in the wrld literature tk his last breath. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616), the authr f Dn Quixte, is t the Spanish what Shakespeare is t the English and Dante is t Italians - a natinal literary icn.
Cervantes’ bk is still appreciated tday, hundreds f years after its publicatin, because it’s a wnderfully truthful cmedy. Dn Quixte, like human beings generally, has great difficulty distinguishing reality frm imaginatin. Readers may laugh at his strange behavir, but when we laugh, we laugh with recgnitin.
The bk recrds the adventures f Alns Quijan, an lder Spanish gentleman wh lves rmance nvels. In truth, he reads far t many rmances, and they have affected his mind. Quijan is s mixed up that he decides that he must becme a knight himself. Imagine a cmic bk fan wh decides t dress up as a superher t fight crime, and yu’ll get the picture.
Setting the scene
Alns Quijan reinvents himself as “Dn Quixte de La Mancha”, an aristcratic（贵族的）name that suits his ambitin f being a knight. Next, since every knight needs a hrse, he finds himself an ld ne named Rcinante. But Rcinante is nt exactly cut ut fr life as a knight’s hrse. He’s tired frm years f farm wrk. He’s unlikely t be f much help in any fight against an enemy.
The heres in the rmances Quijan reads all had a lady t lve. They were highbrn, like the knights themselves. Quijan chses Aldnza Lrenz, a farmer’s daughter, t be his belved. She becmes “Dulcinea del Tbs”, r “the sweet wman f Tbs”. Hw des Aldnza feel abut Quijan’s attentins? She desn’t feel much at all, actually. Aldnza is yet anther byprduct f Quijan’s imaginatin, like s many things.
Finding a sidekick
Nw cmes Cervantes’ secnd great creatin: Sanch Panza. Once servant in Quijan’s huse, Panza is prmted t the rle f squire（随从）, because every self-respecting knight needs a squire. Panza has a sensible head n his shulders, and he is a fil（衬托）t his flish master.
The pair faces many adventures, but nne are as heric as a knight’s shuld be. We laugh, rather than cry, as we read. Quijan tries t act n behalf f justice, but he desn’t ften succeed.
Cervantes’ nvel inspired a wrd that sums up Quijan’s rmantic nature: “quixtic”. In English we use the wrd t describe smene wh is idealistic but flish in pursuit f his ideals. It is a mark f Cervantes’ genius that he was able t identify this trait and persnify it using such a great cmedic character. We shuld appreciate him fr it n this significant ccasin.
63.On what ccasin did the authr write this review?
A. The 400th anniversary f the publicatin f Dn Quixte.
B. An Italian Pet, Dante’s 800th birth anniversary.
C. An English genius, William Shakespeare’s 400th death anniversary.
D. Miguel de Cervantes’ 400th anniversary f his death.
64.Which rle is Alns Quijan mst likely t identify with?
A. Miguel de Cervantes. B. Dn Quixte de La Mancha.
C. Dulcinea del Tbs. D. Sanch Panza.
What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. Dn Quixte’s failure f distinguish reality frm imaginatin amuses the readers.
B. Quijan manages t bring justice t the wrld by means f frce.
C. Quijan is a Spanish aristcrat with great ambitin.
D. Reading rmance nvel will make peple behave in a flish way.
Accrding t the authr, readers admire Cervantes and his masterpiece because .
Cervantes is equal t Shakespeare and Dante as a natinal literary icn
Quijan’s adventure is rmantic and heric
C. Cervantes has a genius fr persnifying Quijan’s quixtic nature in a truthful cmedy.
D. Quijan’s vivid imaginatin has brught ther minr characters t life
56—59 CADB 60—62 DBC 63—66 DBAC
浦东新区 2015 -2016学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高三英语试卷
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
In a class this past December, after I wrte sme directins n the bard fr students abut their final examinatin, ne yung wman quickly tk a picture f the bard using her smart phne. When I lked in her directin, she aplgized, “Srry. Was it wrng t take a picture?”
“I can’t read my wn handwriting,” the yung wman explained. “It’s best if I take a picture f yur writing s I can understand the ntes.”
That remark started a class-wide cnversatin abut taking a picture instead f taking ntes. Fr thse in the pht-taking camp, mtivatins extended beynd their inability t cmprehend their wn handwriting. Sme tk pictures f ntes because they knew their phne was a safe place t stre material. They might lse paper, they reasned, but they wuldn’t lse their phnes. Sme tk phts because they wanted t recrd exactly the manner in which I had nted infrmatin n the bard. Others tld me that during class they liked t be able t listen t the discussin attentively.
Yet the use f cameras as nte takers, thugh it may be cnvenient, des raise significant questins fr the classrm. Is a picture an effective replacement fr the prcess f nte-taking?
Instructrs encurage students t take ntes because the act f ding s is mre than merely recrding necessary infrmatin—it helps prepare the way fr understanding. Encuraging students t take ntes may be an ld-fashined instructinal methd, but just because a methd has a lng histry desn’t mean it’s ut f date. Writing things dwn engages a student’s brain in listening, visual, and kinesthetic(触觉的) learning—a view supprted by a lngstanding research. The act f writing dwn infrmatin enables a persn t begin cmmitting it t memry, and t prcess and cmbine it, establishing the building blcks f learning new cncepts.
Taking a picture des indeed recrd the infrmatin, but it deletes sme f the necessary mental engagement that taking ntes emplys. S can the tw be equally effective?
66. The wman aplgized in the class because she_________.
A. had the bad handwriting B. missed the teachers’ directins
C. tk a picture f the bard D. disturbed ther students’ learning
67. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing may NOT explain students’ reluctance t take ntes?
A. They lack prper techniques fr taking ntes.
B. They want t listen mre attentively in class.
C. They believe smart phnes are much safer fr string ntes.
D. They want t have the exact versin f the ntes n the bard.
68. Accrding t the passage, taking ntes by hand__________.
A. requires students t think independently
B. helps students actively participate in learning
C. prves t be an ld and useless learning methd
D. seems unsuitable fr students t learn new ideas
69. What is the main idea f this passage?
A. The traditinal way f nte-taking shuld be replaced.
B. A mdern way f nte-taking is catching n.
C. Nte-taking by hand is nt ut f date.
D. A picture is wrth a thusand wrds.
(B)
Travelling Brchure
Travelling Infrmatin in Melburne, Australia
Tur Name: Phillip Island, Penguins, Kalas and Kangars
Price: Starting frm AUD $115 per persn
Tur Highlights
Visit Warrk, a wrking cattle farm. Enjy the pprtunity t pat and feed kangars, wallabies and hst f farm animals.
Watch kalas in their natural habitat at the Kala Cnservatin Centre.
View impressive castal scenery at Nbbies. Frm the walkway, see Australia’s largest ppulatin f fur seals living alng the suthern castline.
Visit the educatinal and interesting Phillip Island Visitrs Infrmatin Centre.
Viewing Platfrm Penguin Plus — Mre persnalized wildlife viewing limited t 130 peple prviding clser viewing f the penguin arrival than the main viewing stand.
Additinal inf
This tur must be bked at least 24 hurs in advance f yur travel date.
Cnfirmatin fr this prduct will be received within 24 hurs, subject t availability.
Please remember t bring warm, waterprf clthing n this tur. Yu may als wish t bring a twel r a rug t sit n at the Penguin Parade viewing platfrm.
Pricing Plicy
Children aged between 3 and 14 years inclusive qualify fr child rate.
Kids aged 2 years and under travel free f charge, prviding they dn’t ccupy a cach seat.
Travel Vucher (凭据)
Please dwnlad Travel Vucher frm this website. Fr every cnfirmed bking yu will be required t print a vucher which is presented at the destinatin. Yu will receive a link t yur vucher by email nce yur bking is cnfirmed.
70. The visitrs will g t all the fllwing places EXCEPT ______.
A. Warrk Cattle farm. B. Australian Eastern castline.
C. Kala Cnservatin Centre. D. Phillip Island Visitrs Infrmatin Centre.
71. Which f the fllwing grups needs t pay $58 per persn?
A. Adult turists. B. 2-year-ld kids.
C. Kids between 3 and 14.D. Babies in arms.
72. Turists are reminded t bring a twel r a rug because _____.
A. they will lie n the cast B. they may want t sit n the platfrm
C. it makes them warm D. they will swim during the tur
(C)
The family des nt feature heavily in the culture f the Ik f Nrthern Uganda. In fact, as far as the Ik are cncerned, the family means very little. This is because the Ik face a daily struggle t survive in the face f drught, famine and starvatin. Anyne wh cannt take care f himself r herself is regarded as a useless burden by the Ik and a threat t the survival f the thers. S the ld are abandned t die. Sick and disabled children t are abandned. The Ik attitude is that, as lng as yu keep the breeding grup alive, yu can always get mre children.
Ik mthers thrw their children ut f the village cmpund when they are 3 years ld, t defend fr themselves. I imagine children must be rather relieved t be thrwn ut, fr in the prcess f being cared fr, he r she is reluctantly carried abut in a hide sling(背婴儿带) wherever the mther ges. Whenever the mther is in her field, she lsens the sling and lets the baby t the grund nne t slwly, and laughs if it is hurt. Then she ges abut her business, leaving the child there, almst hping that sme fierce animals will cme alng and carry it ff. This smetimes happens. Such behaviur des nt endear children t their parents r parents t their children.
Many f yu prbably reacted t the Ik with sme hrrr and shck. It is very tempting t cnclude that these peple are primitive, savage and inhuman, and that their cncept f the ‘family’ is deeply wrng. Hwever, scilgists argue that it is wrng t simply judge such scieties and their family arrangements as unnatural and untypical. We need t understand that such arrangements may have psitive functins. In the case f the Ik, with the exceptinal circumstances they find themselves in—drught and famine—their family arrangements help ensure the survival f the tribe.
Mrever, sme f yu may have cncluded that British family life and the Ik have sme things in cmmn. British family is nt universally experienced as psitive fr all family members. Fr sme members f ur wn sciety—fr yung and ld alike—family life may be characterized by vilence, abuse and islatin.
The prblem with studying the family is that we all think we are experts. This is nt surprising, cnsidering that mst f us are brn in families and scialized int family rles and respnsibilities. It is an institutin mst f us feel very cmfrtable with and regard as ‘natural’. Fr many f us, it is a crnerstne f ur scial wrld, a place t which we can retreat and take refuge frm the stresses f the utside wrld. It is the place in which we are lved fr wh we are, rather than what we are. Family living and family events are prbably the mst imprtant aspects f ur lives. It is n wnder that we tend t hld very fierce, emtinal, and perhaps irratinal, views abut family life and hw it ught t be rganized. Such ‘taken fr granted’ views make it very difficult fr us t bjectively examine family arrangements that differ frm ur wn experience—such as thse f the Ik—withut making critical judgements.
73. Which f the fllwing ideas d the Ik hld accrding t the passage?
A. The family is the centre f their life.
B. The ld are the luxuries they shuld treasure.
C. Their children shuld be abandned when brn.
D. The survival f the tribe is what they shuld strive fr.
74. Which f the fllwing will the authr prbably agree with in the case f Ik?
A. The children are a great burden t their family.
B. Mthers prefer t carry their children here and there.
C. The children enjy warm relatinship with their parents.
D. Many children shuld be left at the mercy f fierce animals in the field.
75. Accrding t the authr, bth British family life and that f the Ik ______.
A. cntain negative elementsB. ensure lngevity
C. experience ups and dwnsD. endear family members
76. All f the fllwing statements supprt “family is the crnerstne” EXCEPT that ______.
A. we turn t family as ur harbur in heart
B. we find we lve and are lved in the family
C. we believe family is the tp pririty in ur life
D. we pur ur bad md upn ur family members
77. The authr writes this passage t tell us ______.
A. family life has varius psitive functins
B. the idea f family is universally accepted
C. the family is evlving with the time at a high speed
D. we shuld examine the cncept f family bjectively
66—69 CABC70—72BCB73—77DAADD
A. increased wealth
B. the slutin t the wrld’s fd crisis
C. less impact n nature
D. the challenging f feeding the wrld’s ppulatin
A. 95.6
B. 104.2
C. 14
D. 8.6
A. Feeding nine billin peple by 2050.
B. Increasing its sybean prductin.
C. Prtecting its rain frest frm defrestatin.
D. Enhancing its farmers’ efficiency.
Phillip Island, Penguins, Kalas and Kangars Per persn
Seasn
Aug 1, 2012 t Mar 31, 2013
Tur Cde
Days f Week
Adult
Child
Tur nly
Mn…Sun
$115.00
$58.00
Tur including Viewing Platfrm Penguin Plus
Mn…Sun
$140.00
$83.00
浦东新区 2019 -2020学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高三英语试卷
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have read.
（A）
Dame Zaha Hadid, the Iraqi-brn British architect whse tall structures left a mark n skylines and imaginatins arund the wrld and in the prcess reshaped architecture fr the mdern age.
She was nt an average designer. She liberated architectural gemetry( 几何), giving it a whle new
expressive identity. Gemetry became, in her hands, a vehicle fr unprecedented and eye-ppping new spaces. Her buildings elevated uncertainty t an art, cnveyed in the dd ways.
Her wrk implying mbility, speed, freedm and uncertainty spke t a wrldview widely shared by a yunger generatin. “I am nt Eurpean, I dn’t d cnventinal wrk and I am a wman,’’ Strikingly Ms. Hadid never allwed herself n her wrk t be categrized by her backgrund r her gender. And she was ne f a kind, a path breaker. In 2004, she became the first wman t win the Pritzker Prize, architecture’s Nbel.
Zaha Hadid was brn in Baghdad n Octber 31, 1950. Then in 1972, she arrived at the architectural assciatin in Lndn, a center fr experimental design. Her teachers included Elia Zenghelis and Rem Klhaas. “They arused my ambitin,” she wuld recall, “and taught me t trust even my strangest instincts.” By the 1980s she had established her wn practice in Lndn. And she began t draw attentin with an unrealized plan in 1982—1983 fr the Peak Club.
Her partner, Patrick Schumacher, played an instrumental and cllabrative rle in her career. Mr. Schumacher cined the term parametric(参数的) design t include the cmputer-based apprach that helped the firm’s mst weird cncepts becme reality. Ms. Hadid called what resulted in an rganic language f architecture, based n these new tls, which allw us t cmbine highly cmplex frms int a fluid(流线的) and cmplete whle.
Her surces were nature, histry r whatever she sught useful. When her Rsenthal Center, a relatively mdest prject, pened in 2003, Herbert Muschamp, the architecture critic declared it “the mst imprtant American building t be cmpleted since the end f the cld war”.
“She was bigger than life, a frce f nature,” as Amale Andras, the dean f Clumbia University’s architecture schl, put it, “she was a pineer.”
She was. Fr wmen, fr what cities can desire t build and fr the art f architecture.
What features the structures designed by Zaha Hadid?
Free architectural gemetry.B. Cnventinal design.
C. Odd imaginatin.D. Clrful patterns.
Accrding t Paragraphs 3 and 4, which f the fllwing statement is TRUE?
Zaha Hadid taught herself t trust instincts.
The plan fr the Peak Club hasn’t been carried ut.
The architect’s gender influenced her wrk dramatically.
Zaha Hadid was the first architect t win the Pritzker Prize.
Hw did the cmputer-based apprach make a difference t Zaha Hadid’s wrk?
It cntributes t realizing the strange ideas.
It simplifies the cmplex structure as a whle.
It prvides new tls t translate the language.
It serves as an instrument t interpret the cncepts.
The purpse f the passage is t .
present Zaha Hadid’s life experience
praise Zaha Hadid’s inspiratin and diligence
cmpare Zaha Hadid’s wrks in different times
shw Zaha Hadid’s great cntributins t architecture
（B）
2020 SAN FRANCISCO
WRITERS CONFERENCE
17th Celebratin f Craft, Cmmerce & Cmmunity
February 13-16, 2020 at the Hyatt Regency San Francisc
Speakers:*Walter Msley*Jnathan Maberry*Brke Warner
Plus authrs, editrs, publishers & literary agents frm New Yrk, L.A. & S.F. Bay Area
Visit t get event/cntest/schlarship details, access nline registratin fr the free SFWC Newsletter.
Cnsiderable Early Discunts and Special Rm Rates!
2019 SAN FRANCISCO
WRITING FOR CHANGE
A ne-day cnference fr all writers wh want t change the wrld thrugh their writing.
September 14th at the Unitarian Center Details and registratin:
SFWC/San Francisc Writers Fundatin is a nnprfit rganizatin
Behind the Scenes f a Writing Cnference
When yu attend a writing cnference, yu see a facade that tk mnths r lnger t make up. Plenty is ging n behind the scenes. Let’s take a lk behind the curtain.
The day starts lng befre attendees walk thrugh the dr. Registratin is set up, signs psted and tables arranged. Lgistics ( 后 勤 ) all fall n the cnference rganizers. Fr example, the annual cnference I direct in San Francisc (see the pster abve) is a simple ne-day cnference that takes mre than eight mnths t put tgether and arund 15 staff and vlunteers t manage. Larger multi-day cnferences have even mre ging n behind the scenes.
Overseeing it all is the cnference directr, a cnductr wh typically wrks with cmmittee directrs t make sure everything runs smthly. Over the curse f the cnference, staffers make sure everything stays n track. It’s nt unusual fr staff t walk miles in a day and g withut meals.
Cnference staff and vlunteers are always behind the curtains making sure yur experience is perfect. The next time yu attend a well-run writing cnference, take a mment t thank staff and vlunteers fr their devtin. They deserve all the praise they can get because withut them, there wuld be n cnference.
The underlined wrd facade refers t .
the effrt behind the scenes
the scenes visible t the public
the literary masterpiece n display
the material distributed at the meeting
What’s the latest time t start t arrange fr the ne-day cnference in San Francisc?
July, 2019.B. March, 209.C. September, 2019 .D. January, 2019.
Accrding t the writer, the attendees f the 2020 San Francisc Writers Cnference shuld praise the .
three speakersB. authrs and editrsC. staff and vlunteersD. crprate spnsrs
(C)
Each year, backed up by a grwing anti-cnsumerist mvement, peple are using the hliday seasn t call n us all t shp less.
Driven by cncerns abut resurce exhaustin, ver recent years envirnmentalists have
increasingly turned their sights n ur “cnsumer culture”. Grups such as The Stry f Stuff and Buy Nthing New Day are grwing as a mvement that increasingly blames all ur ills n ur desire t shp.
We clearly have a grwing resurce prblem. The prduces we make, buy, and use are ften linked t the destructin f ur waterways, bidiversity, climate and the land n which millins f peple live. But t blame these issues n Christmas shppers is misguided, and puts us in the ld trap f blaming individuals fr what is a systematic prblem.
While we cmplain abut envirnmental destructin ver Christmas, envirnmentalists ften frget what the hliday seasn actually means fr many peple. Fr mst, Christmas isn’t an add-n t an already heavy shpping year. In fact, it is likely the nly time f year many have the pprtunity t spend n friends and family, r even just t buy the necessities needed fr mdern life.
This is particularly, true fr Bxing Day, ften the target f the strngest derisin(嘲弄) by anti-cnsumerists. While we may laugh at the queues in frnt f the shps, fr many, thse sales prvide the ne chance t buy items they’ve needed all year. As Leigh Phillips argues, “this is ne f the few times f the year that peple can even hpe t affrd such ‘luxuries’, the Christmas presents their kids are asking fr, r just an appliance that wrks.”
Indeed, the richest 7% f peple are respnsible fr 50% f greenhuse gas emissins. This becmes particularly harmful when yu take int accunt that thse shpping n Bxing Day are nly a small part f ur cnsumptin “prblem” anyway. Why are envirnmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignring such peple as Russian billinaire Rman Abramvich, wh has his wn￡1.5bn yacht with a missile defence system?
Anyway, anti-cnsumerism has becme a mvement f wealthy peple talking dwn t the
wrking class abut their life chices, while ignring the real cause f ur envirnmental prblems. It is n wnder ne is changing their behaviurs—r that envirnmental destructin cntinues withut any reductin in intensity.
It is indicated in the 1st paragraph that during the hliday seasn, many cnsumers .
ignre resurce prblems
are fascinated with presents
are encuraged t spend less
shw great interest in the mvement.
It can be inferred frm Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the envirnmentalist mvement .
has targeted the wrng persns
has achieved its intended purpses
has taken envirnment-friendly measures
has benefited bth cnsumers and prducers
The example f Rman Abramvich is used t shw envirnmentalists’ .
madness abut life chices
discntent with rich lifestyle
ignrance abut the real cause
disrespect fr hliday shppers
It can be cncluded frm the text that telling peple nt t shp at Christmas is .
anything less than a respnsibilityB. nthing mre than a bias
C. indicative f envirnmental awarenessD. unacceptable t rdinary peple
Sectin B
56-59ABAD
60-62BDC
63-66CACB
浦东新区 2018 -2019学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高三英语试卷
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
One recent night, while I was leafing thrugh its pages f an ld jurnal, my eyes met a qute by the British writer Graham Greene that I had marked. “A prejudice had smething in cmmn with an ideal.” In ther wrds, ideals — general descriptins f peple’s expectatins f themselves and thers — can ften lead us t unreasnable ideas. It gt me thinking abut hw we ften allw urselves t generalize abut grups f peple. We like t steretype peple by the clr f their skin, the year f their birth r any ther related factrs.
I grew up in a multi-racial crner f America. The different grups were ften subject t narrw steretypes: Jewish peple were “greedy,” Mexicans were “prly educated,” and Asians were “gd at math.” These labels were taught t us frm a yung age. They wrmed their way int ur belief systems, harming hw we came t see thers. It made me sad grwing up t see peple repeat these steretypes as if they were true. The rush-t-judgment f peple breeds a culture f discriminatin (歧视).
Yu can als see these ver-generalized descriptin being made against tday’s Chinese peple. Whether it be a lack f interest r wrry amng millennials (千禧一代) being described as “mnkish,” r “dad-fashin (复古作风)” which has given the “greasy middle-aged men” tag, steretypes always seem t gain a fthld in the cnsciusness f ur sciety. But these generalizatins d real harm as these myths may becme part f the wider ppulatin.
It’s abut time that we, as a sciety, walked away frm generalizatins and steretypes. I leave yu with the wrds f Martin Luther King Jr. frm his famus “I Have a Dream” speech: “I lk t a day when peple will nt be judged by the clr f their skin, but by the cntent f their character.” By reserving judgment and really getting t knw the individual, yu might just find yur irratinal ideas have n fundatin.
56. Accrding t the passage, hw d peple tend t judge thers?
A. By describing peple’s persnalities.
B. By truly getting t knw thse arund.
C. By bserving their nticeable features.
D. By fllwing Martin Luther King’s speech.
57. Accrding t the authr, a culture f discriminatin appears because ________.
A. peple live in places f varius races
B. peple are brn with unreasnable ideas
C. prejudices slightly influence peple’s belief system
D. peple usually make judgments withut thinking twice
58. Examples f “millennials” and “dad-fashin” are mentined in Paragraph 3 t reveal ________.
A. generalizatins have unfavurable psitin in sciety
B. generalizatins have a negative influence n ur sciety
C. generalizatins are fund peculiar t the middle-aged Chinese
D. generalizatins make tday’s Chinese peple lack interest r wrry
59.The passage is mainly cncerned with ________.
A. the cmmn prejudiceB. peple’s expectatin f themselves
C. the grundless wrriesD. the famus speech f Martin Luther King
(B)
When yu crss deep water driving t fast, yu risk splashing water up int the air bx and having it get sucked int the internal engine, which is mre cmmn than yu think. There are a few steps yu shuld take t clear the water ut befre yu try t start it:
First, drain the fuel tank, fuel lines and the il. While it's draining, put a fan n the wiring and dry it ut. Remve and clean the carburetr (化油器).
Take the plugs ut f the engine and turn it ver t frce any water ut. Water will cme ut with the il. Add il t the engine and turn it ver again, withut the plug in. Let it sit fr a while, then bserve the il t tell if there's any water in it (it will lk like a white milky substance if there is water mixed with the il). If it's there, drain it again and start ver until there is little r n white shwing in the il.
Nw re-install the spark plug, add gas, then try t start the engine. Yu shuld have a can f ether (乙醚) handy just in case it's stubbrn, but dn't use t much. If it starts, let it run fr a few minutes withut making it wrk faster.
After it runs fr several minutes, shut it ff, drain the il and change the filter(过滤网). Run it again fr a few minutes then shut it ff and checks again fr milky clred il. If yu have nne, yu shuld be gd t g.
If yu cannt start the engine, yu may have already ruined it and yu will prbably need t seek a prfessinal t repair it, r, mre likely, yu'll have t replace it.
60.Accrding t the passage, a driver turns the engine ver after il is added t it s that he can _______.
A. drain the il and change the filter withut any difficulty
B. re-install the spark plug and get ready t start the car again
C. make a milky substance which is the mixture f water and il
D. see whether there is any water in the engine by checking the il
61. The underlined wrd “stubbrn” in paragraph 4 may prbably means ________.
A. reluctant t changeB. hard t switch n
C. insufficient t burnD. unable t take in
62. This passage may be mst helpful t ________.
A. a pliceman wh knws much abut car accidents
B. a secretary wh has just driven acrss a small pnd
C. a driver wh is incapable f fixing the car by himself
D. a teacher wh is t carry ut her rutine car maintenance
(C)
One f the features f a successful business is its ability t emply creativity t cnstantly push int new territry. Withut grwth and innvatin, businesses eventually fade away. Thse with staying pwer, hwever, have mastered an ften-verlked factr that allws them t fcus n the future clearly: empathy (共情). While that may surprise many, I am certain that the ability t cnnect with and relate t thers —empathy in its purest frm — is the frce that mves businesses frward.
Thugh the cncept f empathy might g against the mdern cncept f a traditinal wrkplace — cmpetitive, the reality is that fr business leaders t experience success, they need t nt just see r hear the activity arund them, but als relate t the peple they serve.
Sme may think they want the results frm dggedly (顽强地) pursuing their gals withut much thught fr ther peple. This attitude wrks fr sme, but at sme pint — ften sner rather than later — everyne needs t rely n their relatinships and established persnal and prfessinal cnnectins. These relatinships are the prduct f taking an hnest and dedicated interest in thers and their businesses. Successful peple d nt perate alne; each f us needs the supprt f thers t achieve psitive results that push us tward ur gals. True empathy cmbines understanding bth the emtinal and the lgical ratinale(根据) that ges int every decisin.
Effectively understanding empathy invlves viewing it as each persn’s cnnectin t the peple and marketplace that surrund them. A bilgical principle knwn as c-evlutin explains that the adaptatin f an rganism is caused by the change f a related bject. Similarly, businesses and their leaders participate in c-evlutin-type relatinships. Business success depends n empathetic leaders wh are able t adapt, build n the strengths arund them, and relate t their envirnment. When businesses fail, it is ften because leaders have stpped fcusing n understanding their envirnment and instead stay separated in their wn peratins. Successful business leaders are receptive t disturbance and aware f what is ging n in their rganizatins bth internally and externally.
T develp an effective wrkfrce, we must be willing t give in and meet peple where they are. This can be frustrating and uncmfrtable, particularly when yu feel like yur psitin makes mre sense r ffers a better slutin. A critical part f develping empathy, hwever, is learning t understand, respect and implement anther individual’s pint f view rather than frcing yur wn.
63. In the authr’s pinin, if a cmpany wants t achieve success, it must ________.
A. frequently develp in new areasB. always stay pure and pwerful
C. cncentrate n its future develpmentD. value much thught fr thers
64. It can be inferred frm the passage that _________.
A. empathy generally depends n lgical reasns
B. supprts frm thers help t achieve ambitins
C. cmpetitin rarely exists in traditinal wrkplaces
D. striving fr gals n ne’s wn is the key t success
65. Which f the fllwing examples can best illustrate the c-evlutin principle?
A. The bss is t ccupied t realize that his emplyees’ incme is belw the average.
B. The head f the news agency ffers little bnus t the jurnalists wh wrk extra hurs.
C. The principal prmises flexible wrking hurs after the schl mves t the cuntryside.
D. The factry directr insists n increasing the utput despite the declining market demand.
66.What can be the best title f this passage?
A. Empathy and Business SuccessB. The Frmatin f Empathy
C. Empathy and AggressivenessD. The Imprtance f Empathy
56~59 CDBA 60~62 DBB 63~66 DBCA
浦东新区 2017 -2018学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高三英语试卷
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C, and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
When yu think abut cffee alternatives, garlic is prbably ne f the last things that cmes t mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that ne Japanese inventr used t create a drink that lks and tastes like cffee.
74-year-ld Ykitm Shimtai, a cffee shp wner in Amri Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic cffee” is the result f a cking blunder he made ver 30 years ag, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scrched garlic’s arma, he mashed it up with a spn and mixed it with ht water. The resulting drink lked and tasted a lt like cffee. Making a mental nte f his discvery, Ykimt carried n with his jb, and nly started researching garlic cffee again after he retired.
Cmmitted t turning his weird drink int a cmmercial prduct, Ykitm Shimtai spent years ptimizing the frmula, and abut five years ag, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with.
T make his disslvable garlic grunds, he rasts the clves in an electric ven, and, after they’ve cled ff, smashes them int fine particles and packs them in dripbags.
“My drink is prbably the wrld’s first f its kind,” the garlic cffee inventr tld Kyd News.
“It cntains n caffeine s it’s gd fr thse wh wuld like t drink cffee at night r pregnant wmen.”
“The bitterness f burned garlic apparently helps create the cffee-like flavr,” Shimtai adds.
He claims that, althugh his garlic cffee des give ff an arma f rasted garlic, it desn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thrughly cked. And if yu can get past the smell, the drink apparently des taste a lt like actual cffee.
If decaf isn’t gd enugh fr yu, and yu’re in the md fr smething new, yu can try Ykitm Shimtai’s garlic cffee at his shp, in the city f Ninhc, Iwate Prefecture, r buy yur wn dripbags fr just 324 yen($2.8).
56. Which wrd is the clsest in meaning t the underlined wrd“blunder”in the secnd paragraph?
A. mistakeB. shwC. mixtureD. brand
57. Wh is nt suitable t drink garlic cffee?
A. A wman bearing a baby.
B. A student having truble with sleep.
C. A cleaner wrking n a day shift.
D. A yung lady sick f garlic.
58. Which f the fllwing is nt characteristic f garlic cffee?
A. It is caffeine-free.
B. Garlic pwder disslves in water.
C. The burnt garlic creates bitterness.
D. It is an imprvement n a garlic dish.
59. Which f the fllwing can be used t describe Ykitm Shimtai?
A. venturus and greedyB. innvative and perseverant
C. hardwrking and cautiusD. bservant and helpful
(B)
Hw an advertisement is put tgether
When yu read an advertisement there are many factrs yu shuld cnsider, including:
target audience
brand names
slgans
pictures and clur
special ffers/cupns
emtive/persuasive vcabulary
Target audience
Advertisers aim particular prducts at different grups f peple accrding t age, sex, scial class and interests. They will ften make assumptins abut peple and label r steretype them.
Wh d yu think these prducts wuld be aimed at: nappies, diamnds, mint chclates, sprts cars?
What kind f prducts wuld be aimed at these peple: teenagers, 25-year-ld single men, 40-year- ld wrking mums?
Brand names
Brand names are chsen carefully. They can suggest particular lifestyles, values r interests and are intended t appeal t the target audience.
Nissan Primera: this suggests quality. Primera is similar t premium and premier.
Frd Ka: the spelling f Ka suggests nvelty and simplicity. It is mdern and futuristic. It is als bund t stick in yur mind when yu are lking fr a new car!
Slgans
A slgan has t be catchy and memrable. Slgans use a range f devices: alliteratin, repetitin, puns, questins, persnal prnuns and humur.
Have a break. Have a Kit Kat. Repetitin
The ttally trpical taste. Alliteratin
Picture and clur
All pictures try t make yu feel smething and mst are biased, even phtgraphs. They create a view f what the wrld is like using different tricks such as lighting and clur.
Different clurs have different assciatins that can be linked t particular prducts.
Yellw: freshness, sunlight, lemns. This clur wuld be gd fr advertising washing up liquid.
Green: cuntryside, natural, healthy. What wuld yu use this clur fr ?
What d yu assciate these clurs with: red, black, range, gld, blue?
Special ffers/cupns
Advertisers ften appear t ffer smething fr nthing’: if yu buy ne prduct yu will receive anther ne free r half price. These ffers are incentive t try a new prduct r t encurage lyalty t an existing ne.
Emtive/persuasive vcabulary
In advertising yu will find lts f wrds and phrases that are intended t persuade yu r appeal t yur emtins.
Muthwatering silky free chclate rmantic creamy luxurius like mum used t make
60. What clr is suitable fr dishwashing liquid?
A. Green.B. Red.C. Orange.D. Yellw.
61. Which f the fllwing slgans applies the device alliteratin?
A. Msquit Bye Bye Bye.(RADAR)B. We d, we said.(HENNESSY)
C. M&Ms melt in yur muth(M&Ms)D. Start ahead.(RLJOICE)
62. Accrding t the passage, t keep the regular custmers, advertising cmpanies tend t ________.
A. impress them with clrful picturesB. use prmtinal strategies
C. change slgans frequentlyD. create eye-catching brand names
(C)
Dental health: Brush with cnfidence
Children shuld be taught t brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicin remains amng sme Peple, dentists included, that even s, certain children are dmed t develp dental cavities. The hypthesis behind this fear is that sme cmbinatins f genes may give rise t the srts f ral bacteria which are respnsible fr cavities. If true, that wuld be sad fr the yungsters cncerned.
But a study just published in Cell Hst and Micrbe, by Andres Gmez and Karen Nelsn f the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Dieg, suggests it isn’t true.
The muth is hme t many species f micrbes. Mst are gd. Sme, thugh, are well knwn t secrete acidic waste prducts when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them t decay.
T try t find ut whether a child’s genes play any rle in encuraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gmez and Dr Nelsn set up an experiment with twins.
Their“vlunteers”were 280 pairs f fraternal twins and 205 pairs f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, wh had nt taken antibitics during the previus six mnths. The children were asked t stp brushing their teeth the evening and the mrning befre the crucial mment f data cllectin. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci(the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria cllect)t find ut what was there. The children als had their teeth scred by dentists as belnging t ne f three categries: having n signs f current r previus dental cavities: having signs f current r previus cavities affecting the enamel(a tth’s hard, uter layer); r having signs f cavities that penetrated the enamel and allected the underlying dentine as well.
Dr Gmez and Dr Nelsn fund that, thugh identical twins shared many grups f bacteria which were nt shared by fraternal twins, nne f these was a type respnsible fr cavities. Mrever, similarities in bacterial flra were greatest amng five-t seven-year-lds, weaker amng seven- t nine-year-lds and weakest amng nine-t 11-year-lds. This suggests that any rle genes d play in regulating the muth’s eclgy fades with time.
Far frm supprting the idea that sme children are fated t suffer frm cavities n matter hw well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the pwer t cntrl the grwth f the relevant bacteria is very much within reach f children and their parents. Brushing, hwever, may nt be the nly apprach. Aviding sugary fds is bviusly de rigueur. It seems likely, thugh, that which ther fds a child eats may help shape his ral ecsystem, t. This is an area f nging research. But, as in the intestines(肠道), s in the muth, scientific medicine is at last cming t grips with the fact that the mixture f micrbes present is bth imprtant and capable f manipulatin, t the benefit f the hst.
63. What des“hypthesis”refer t in paragraph 1?
A. Children’s failure t brush their teeth prperly leads t tth decay.
B. Sme children are prgrammed t develp tth decay.
C. Yungsters are suspicius f the effectiveness f tth-brushing.
D. Sme genes are mre likely t lead t dental cavites.
64. Dr Gmez and Dr Nelsn cnducted an experiment t find ut _______.
A. whether genes have anything t d with dental decay
B. which grup f twins are mre likely t have decayed teeth
C. what kinds f fds tend t give rise t tth decay
D. why the ecsystem f the intestines is similar t that f the muth
65. Which f the fllwing statements is UNTRUE accrding t the passage?
A. Scientists are nt yet sure hw ecsystem f the muth is frmed.
B. The rle genes play in cntrlling ecsystem f the muth weakens with the time.
C. The children are classified int three grups accrding t the degrees f dental cavities.
D. Identical twins are nt as genetically clse t each ther as fraternal twins.
66. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. The existence f multiple micrbes benefits children’s ral ecsystem.
B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness f a child’s ral ecsystem.
C. Cutting dwn n sugar intake is the mst likely way t prevent tth decay.
D. Parents are in n psitin t help their children maintain healthy ral ecsystem.
【答案】56. A 57. D 58. D 59. B 60. D 61. C 62. B 63. D 64. A 65. D 66. A
浦东新区 2016 -2017学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高三英语试卷
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have read.
(A)
Jeremy Baras remembers the first time he ever saw a pp-up a restaurant. The 26-year-ld entrepreneur （企业家）was n vacatin in England fur years ag and had t lk up at the Lndn Eye Ferries wheel t see it. Hanging abve him was a capsule full f diners wh were served a new curse each time a revlutin was made. “I thught that was the clest thing ever”, he says. Baras, wh funded PpUpRepublic.cm in 2012 t prmte the idea f pp-up restaurants in USA, has been studying them ever since.
Pp-ups, which have been arund since at least the early 2000s, are pen anywhere frm a few hurs t several mnths, but their defining feature is that they are temprary. They may be nly a tiny part f the $709 billin U.S. restaurant industry, but ppups have gtten a bst in recent years as a lwer-cst, lwer- risk way fr entrepreneurs t test the waters. Sme restaurant wners see them as a way t renew interest in existing lcatins. And sme struggling cities, like Oakland, Calif., have turned t them t help revitalize lcal ecnmies impacted by the recessin（衰退）.
The cncept has been especially ppular with up-and-cming chefs wh want t test-drive as a menu cncept withut investing a frtune in a permanent space. “Yur cks and chefs are really talented, but they’re stuck in the back f smebdy else’s kitchen cking smebdy else’s menu,” says Zach Kupperman, chief businessman fficer and c-funder f Dinner Lab.
Chefs in Dinner Lab ck in the middle f space, give a brief intrductin abut the menu and themselves — and then bravely listen t diner feedback afterward. Pp-ups’ temprary nature als allws restaurateurs t charge a depsit t make sure the diners will shw up.Of curse, trends in the fd industry cme and g quickly, and there is n guarantee that diners wn’t tire f the cncept. Sme entrepreneurs have resrted t even a weirder lcatins — in a frmer limestne mine, say, r at the tp f a crane — t keep custmers interested. Says Baras, “It's nt quite part f the mainstream ecnmy yet.”
56. What des the underlined part “a revlutin was made” in Paragraph One pssibly mean?
A. Chefs designed creative dishes.
B. Diners tasted fd in an innvative way.
C. The capsule cntaining diners made a circle.
D. Great changes were made in the fd industry.
57. Which f the fllwing might NOT be the reasns fr pp-up restaurants’ fast develpment?
A. Being temprary features pp-up restaurants.
B. Pp-up restaurant can restre lcal ecnmy t prsperity.
C. Business wners venture int the business with fewer risks and investments.
D. Restaurant wners can make diners interested in the riginal restaurants again.
58. Perspective chefs are drawn t pp-ups due t the fact that__________________.
A. pp-ups are becming increasingly ppular with diners wrldwide
B. they have the desire t explre a safer way t make a living
C. their investment in pp-ups will bring them a frtune n a permanent basis
D. pp-ups prvide a flexible test field fr talented chefs’ riginality
59. The writer’s prpse f writing the passenger is t___________________.
A. appeal t peple t dine ut in pp-up restaurants
B. give a brief intrductin f pp-up restaurants
C. warn business wners f the appearance f pp-up restaurants
D. fresee the future f pp-up restaurants’ develpment
(B)
In fur cuntries with fast-develping ecnmies (BRIC) – Brazil, Russia, India, and China – the agricultural sectr has becme a prving grund fr innvatin. Juergen Vegele, a Wrld Bank agriculture expert, predicts that “by transfrming agriculture, we will nt nly meet the challenge f feeding nine billin peple by 2050 but d s in ways that create wealth and reduce its envirnmental ftprint.”
BRAZIL
Sybeans n the Rise
Preserving the Amazn rain frest is a tp pririty fr Brazil.
The rapid expansin f sybean and cattle farming there during the 1990s and early 2000s led t alarming rates f defrestatin. Over the past ten years, hwever, with gvernment supprt, activists and famers have prtected mre than 33,000 square miles f rain frest – an area equal t mre than 14 millin sccer fields. Saving these frests has kept 3.5 billin tns f carbn dixide ut f atmsphere.
Yet even under these land restrictins, Brazil’s sybean prductin has increased. The cuntry is nw the wrld’s secnd largest prducer f the crp. Hw did this happen?
Farmers fcused n efficiency. Using new machinery and early maturing seeds enabled them t squeeze an additinal planting int the standard grwing seasn. Accrding t the U.S. Department f Agriculture, Brazil’s 2014-15 sybean crp has hit a recrd 104.2 millin tns, up 8.6 millin tns frm the year befre, as farmers have made better use f their fields. This prgress, says the Wrld Bank’s Juergen Vegele, is an example f hw “prducing mre fd cexist with prtecting the envirnment.”
60. Accrding t Juergen Vegele, innvatin in agriculture will lead t all the fllwing except ______.
61. Which ne is the apprpriate number t fill in the blank in the chart?
62. What is the mst imprtant prblem Brazil is faced with?
(C)
Spain’s Literary Genius
Fur centuries ag, the authr f ne f the greatest cmedic characters in the wrld literature tk his last breath. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616), the authr f Dn Quixte, is t the Spanish what Shakespeare is t the English and Dante is t Italians - a natinal literary icn.
Cervantes’ bk is still appreciated tday, hundreds f years after its publicatin, because it’s a wnderfully truthful cmedy. Dn Quixte, like human beings generally, has great difficulty distinguishing reality frm imaginatin. Readers may laugh at his strange behavir, but when we laugh, we laugh with recgnitin.
The bk recrds the adventures f Alns Quijan, an lder Spanish gentleman wh lves rmance nvels. In truth, he reads far t many rmances, and they have affected his mind. Quijan is s mixed up that he decides that he must becme a knight himself. Imagine a cmic bk fan wh decides t dress up as a superher t fight crime, and yu’ll get the picture.
Setting the scene
Alns Quijan reinvents himself as “Dn Quixte de La Mancha”, an aristcratic（贵族的）name that suits his ambitin f being a knight. Next, since every knight needs a hrse, he finds himself an ld ne named Rcinante. But Rcinante is nt exactly cut ut fr life as a knight’s hrse. He’s tired frm years f farm wrk. He’s unlikely t be f much help in any fight against an enemy.
The heres in the rmances Quijan reads all had a lady t lve. They were highbrn, like the knights themselves. Quijan chses Aldnza Lrenz, a farmer’s daughter, t be his belved. She becmes “Dulcinea del Tbs”, r “the sweet wman f Tbs”. Hw des Aldnza feel abut Quijan’s attentins? She desn’t feel much at all, actually. Aldnza is yet anther byprduct f Quijan’s imaginatin, like s many things.
Finding a sidekick
Nw cmes Cervantes’ secnd great creatin: Sanch Panza. Once servant in Quijan’s huse, Panza is prmted t the rle f squire（随从）, because every self-respecting knight needs a squire. Panza has a sensible head n his shulders, and he is a fil（衬托）t his flish master.
The pair faces many adventures, but nne are as heric as a knight’s shuld be. We laugh, rather than cry, as we read. Quijan tries t act n behalf f justice, but he desn’t ften succeed.
Cervantes’ nvel inspired a wrd that sums up Quijan’s rmantic nature: “quixtic”. In English we use the wrd t describe smene wh is idealistic but flish in pursuit f his ideals. It is a mark f Cervantes’ genius that he was able t identify this trait and persnify it using such a great cmedic character. We shuld appreciate him fr it n this significant ccasin.
63.On what ccasin did the authr write this review?
A. The 400th anniversary f the publicatin f Dn Quixte.
B. An Italian Pet, Dante’s 800th birth anniversary.
C. An English genius, William Shakespeare’s 400th death anniversary.
D. Miguel de Cervantes’ 400th anniversary f his death.
64.Which rle is Alns Quijan mst likely t identify with?
A. Miguel de Cervantes. B. Dn Quixte de La Mancha.
C. Dulcinea del Tbs. D. Sanch Panza.
What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. Dn Quixte’s failure f distinguish reality frm imaginatin amuses the readers.
B. Quijan manages t bring justice t the wrld by means f frce.
C. Quijan is a Spanish aristcrat with great ambitin.
D. Reading rmance nvel will make peple behave in a flish way.
Accrding t the authr, readers admire Cervantes and his masterpiece because .
Cervantes is equal t Shakespeare and Dante as a natinal literary icn
Quijan’s adventure is rmantic and heric
C. Cervantes has a genius fr persnifying Quijan’s quixtic nature in a truthful cmedy.
D. Quijan’s vivid imaginatin has brught ther minr characters t life
56—59 CADB 60—62 DBC 63—66 DBAC
浦东新区 2015 -2016学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高三英语试卷
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
In a class this past December, after I wrte sme directins n the bard fr students abut their final examinatin, ne yung wman quickly tk a picture f the bard using her smart phne. When I lked in her directin, she aplgized, “Srry. Was it wrng t take a picture?”
“I can’t read my wn handwriting,” the yung wman explained. “It’s best if I take a picture f yur writing s I can understand the ntes.”
That remark started a class-wide cnversatin abut taking a picture instead f taking ntes. Fr thse in the pht-taking camp, mtivatins extended beynd their inability t cmprehend their wn handwriting. Sme tk pictures f ntes because they knew their phne was a safe place t stre material. They might lse paper, they reasned, but they wuldn’t lse their phnes. Sme tk phts because they wanted t recrd exactly the manner in which I had nted infrmatin n the bard. Others tld me that during class they liked t be able t listen t the discussin attentively.
Yet the use f cameras as nte takers, thugh it may be cnvenient, des raise significant questins fr the classrm. Is a picture an effective replacement fr the prcess f nte-taking?
Instructrs encurage students t take ntes because the act f ding s is mre than merely recrding necessary infrmatin—it helps prepare the way fr understanding. Encuraging students t take ntes may be an ld-fashined instructinal methd, but just because a methd has a lng histry desn’t mean it’s ut f date. Writing things dwn engages a student’s brain in listening, visual, and kinesthetic(触觉的) learning—a view supprted by a lngstanding research. The act f writing dwn infrmatin enables a persn t begin cmmitting it t memry, and t prcess and cmbine it, establishing the building blcks f learning new cncepts.
Taking a picture des indeed recrd the infrmatin, but it deletes sme f the necessary mental engagement that taking ntes emplys. S can the tw be equally effective?
66. The wman aplgized in the class because she_________.
A. had the bad handwriting B. missed the teachers’ directins
C. tk a picture f the bard D. disturbed ther students’ learning
67. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing may NOT explain students’ reluctance t take ntes?
A. They lack prper techniques fr taking ntes.
B. They want t listen mre attentively in class.
C. They believe smart phnes are much safer fr string ntes.
D. They want t have the exact versin f the ntes n the bard.
68. Accrding t the passage, taking ntes by hand__________.
A. requires students t think independently
B. helps students actively participate in learning
C. prves t be an ld and useless learning methd
D. seems unsuitable fr students t learn new ideas
69. What is the main idea f this passage?
A. The traditinal way f nte-taking shuld be replaced.
B. A mdern way f nte-taking is catching n.
C. Nte-taking by hand is nt ut f date.
D. A picture is wrth a thusand wrds.
(B)
Travelling Brchure
Travelling Infrmatin in Melburne, Australia
Tur Name: Phillip Island, Penguins, Kalas and Kangars
Price: Starting frm AUD $115 per persn
Tur Highlights
Visit Warrk, a wrking cattle farm. Enjy the pprtunity t pat and feed kangars, wallabies and hst f farm animals.
Watch kalas in their natural habitat at the Kala Cnservatin Centre.
View impressive castal scenery at Nbbies. Frm the walkway, see Australia’s largest ppulatin f fur seals living alng the suthern castline.
Visit the educatinal and interesting Phillip Island Visitrs Infrmatin Centre.
Viewing Platfrm Penguin Plus — Mre persnalized wildlife viewing limited t 130 peple prviding clser viewing f the penguin arrival than the main viewing stand.
Additinal inf
This tur must be bked at least 24 hurs in advance f yur travel date.
Cnfirmatin fr this prduct will be received within 24 hurs, subject t availability.
Please remember t bring warm, waterprf clthing n this tur. Yu may als wish t bring a twel r a rug t sit n at the Penguin Parade viewing platfrm.
Pricing Plicy
Children aged between 3 and 14 years inclusive qualify fr child rate.
Kids aged 2 years and under travel free f charge, prviding they dn’t ccupy a cach seat.
Travel Vucher (凭据)
Please dwnlad Travel Vucher frm this website. Fr every cnfirmed bking yu will be required t print a vucher which is presented at the destinatin. Yu will receive a link t yur vucher by email nce yur bking is cnfirmed.
70. The visitrs will g t all the fllwing places EXCEPT ______.
A. Warrk Cattle farm. B. Australian Eastern castline.
C. Kala Cnservatin Centre. D. Phillip Island Visitrs Infrmatin Centre.
71. Which f the fllwing grups needs t pay $58 per persn?
A. Adult turists. B. 2-year-ld kids.
C. Kids between 3 and 14.D. Babies in arms.
72. Turists are reminded t bring a twel r a rug because _____.
A. they will lie n the cast B. they may want t sit n the platfrm
C. it makes them warm D. they will swim during the tur
(C)
The family des nt feature heavily in the culture f the Ik f Nrthern Uganda. In fact, as far as the Ik are cncerned, the family means very little. This is because the Ik face a daily struggle t survive in the face f drught, famine and starvatin. Anyne wh cannt take care f himself r herself is regarded as a useless burden by the Ik and a threat t the survival f the thers. S the ld are abandned t die. Sick and disabled children t are abandned. The Ik attitude is that, as lng as yu keep the breeding grup alive, yu can always get mre children.
Ik mthers thrw their children ut f the village cmpund when they are 3 years ld, t defend fr themselves. I imagine children must be rather relieved t be thrwn ut, fr in the prcess f being cared fr, he r she is reluctantly carried abut in a hide sling(背婴儿带) wherever the mther ges. Whenever the mther is in her field, she lsens the sling and lets the baby t the grund nne t slwly, and laughs if it is hurt. Then she ges abut her business, leaving the child there, almst hping that sme fierce animals will cme alng and carry it ff. This smetimes happens. Such behaviur des nt endear children t their parents r parents t their children.
Many f yu prbably reacted t the Ik with sme hrrr and shck. It is very tempting t cnclude that these peple are primitive, savage and inhuman, and that their cncept f the ‘family’ is deeply wrng. Hwever, scilgists argue that it is wrng t simply judge such scieties and their family arrangements as unnatural and untypical. We need t understand that such arrangements may have psitive functins. In the case f the Ik, with the exceptinal circumstances they find themselves in—drught and famine—their family arrangements help ensure the survival f the tribe.
Mrever, sme f yu may have cncluded that British family life and the Ik have sme things in cmmn. British family is nt universally experienced as psitive fr all family members. Fr sme members f ur wn sciety—fr yung and ld alike—family life may be characterized by vilence, abuse and islatin.
The prblem with studying the family is that we all think we are experts. This is nt surprising, cnsidering that mst f us are brn in families and scialized int family rles and respnsibilities. It is an institutin mst f us feel very cmfrtable with and regard as ‘natural’. Fr many f us, it is a crnerstne f ur scial wrld, a place t which we can retreat and take refuge frm the stresses f the utside wrld. It is the place in which we are lved fr wh we are, rather than what we are. Family living and family events are prbably the mst imprtant aspects f ur lives. It is n wnder that we tend t hld very fierce, emtinal, and perhaps irratinal, views abut family life and hw it ught t be rganized. Such ‘taken fr granted’ views make it very difficult fr us t bjectively examine family arrangements that differ frm ur wn experience—such as thse f the Ik—withut making critical judgements.
73. Which f the fllwing ideas d the Ik hld accrding t the passage?
A. The family is the centre f their life.
B. The ld are the luxuries they shuld treasure.
C. Their children shuld be abandned when brn.
D. The survival f the tribe is what they shuld strive fr.
74. Which f the fllwing will the authr prbably agree with in the case f Ik?
A. The children are a great burden t their family.
B. Mthers prefer t carry their children here and there.
C. The children enjy warm relatinship with their parents.
D. Many children shuld be left at the mercy f fierce animals in the field.
75. Accrding t the authr, bth British family life and that f the Ik ______.
A. cntain negative elementsB. ensure lngevity
C. experience ups and dwnsD. endear family members
76. All f the fllwing statements supprt “family is the crnerstne” EXCEPT that ______.
A. we turn t family as ur harbur in heart
B. we find we lve and are lved in the family
C. we believe family is the tp pririty in ur life
D. we pur ur bad md upn ur family members
77. The authr writes this passage t tell us ______.
A. family life has varius psitive functins
B. the idea f family is universally accepted
C. the family is evlving with the time at a high speed
D. we shuld examine the cncept f family bjectively
66—69 CABC70—72BCB73—77DAADD
A. increased wealth
B. the slutin t the wrld’s fd crisis
C. less impact n nature
D. the challenging f feeding the wrld’s ppulatin
A. 95.6
B. 104.2
C. 14
D. 8.6
A. Feeding nine billin peple by 2050.
B. Increasing its sybean prductin.
C. Prtecting its rain frest frm defrestatin.
D. Enhancing its farmers’ efficiency.
Phillip Island, Penguins, Kalas and Kangars Per persn
Seasn
Aug 1, 2012 t Mar 31, 2013
Tur Cde
Days f Week
Adult
Child
Tur nly
Mn…Sun
$115.00
$58.00
Tur including Viewing Platfrm Penguin Plus
Mn…Sun
$140.00
$83.00
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