2019-2020学年上海中学高三上英语10月周练(练习7)

上海中学高三10月周练

Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

       The cancer ward at my local hospital has become an adopted home. I can maneuver the hallways to radiotherapy with my eyes __21__ ( glue) to a phone; I know which seat to occupy in the specialist waiting area to catch the oncologist’s eye as they emerge from their dens; and I remember that only the ground-floor cafeteria stocks the fruit - flavored water that quells the numbness in my mother’s mouth after a chemotherapy session.

       __22__ this tenuous（缥缈的，脆弱的）acceptance of the new normal that sickness brings, what rarely feels familiar are the relationships with the people entrusted to alleviate your suffering -- __23__ in charge of delivering the worst news of your life: the doctors.

       Which begs the question, how would you want the news of your mortality __24__ (deliver)?

       My mother was diagnosed with breast cancer twice in the span of three years. Like most women, she’s no stranger to pain: and growing up in the throes of political un-heaval and later __25__ (immigrate) to a foreign country with no language or cultural knowledge, she is powered by struggle and wears trauma like a second skin. But cancer was a new beast.

       So when the oncologist called us in and proceeded to dispassionately plow through the treatment plan -- surgery, debilitating side effects and odds of recurrence, my mother’s fear was palpable. I tried my best to voice concerns: what will the drugs do to her body? Why was all this happening?

       Our question were met with defensive words __26__ __26__ to say, it’s cancer, haven’t you heard? He seemed to view her questions as direct challenges to his expertise. The oncologist __27__ not understand why my mother failed to grasp the details of his well-rehearsed monologue, one he __28__ (give) hundreds of times before: Moreover, he was disappointed that she hadn’t accepted her fate. She was being “difficult”. While I translated these grievances, he took a personal call, and glanced furiously at his watch. We had overstayed our welcome, the obligatory 15 minutes per patient. That was how long it took to deliver the worst news of my mother’s life and __29__ it was going to cost her.

        My mother’s story is not unique. Numerous global studies have explored the harmful effects of corrosive doctor-patient relationships, including the challenges faced by those with language and cultural barriers, many of __30__, unlike my mother, don’t have loved one helping to ask the pertinent questions, who don’t have people fighting for them.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

       What really are proverbs, where do they come from, how are they __31__ and what function do they have in modern society? Those are question that are often asked when people reflect on the wisdom expressed in these short statements.

       They appear so simple and obvious when heard, read or used, yet they __32__ to very effective modes of communication in interpersonal relationships, in political discourse, in the mass media, in literary works, in advertisements and in cartoons. Obviously people need such traditional sound bytes to add metaphorical（隐喻性的）__33__ to their utterances and writings. This has been true since antiquity, and there is absolutely no need to fear the extinction of proverbs as our lives become ever more complex.

      In many ways, proverbs are not so different from short quotations that have gained a/an __34__ currency of usage. The biggest difference is, of course that the originator of a famous quotation is almost always known, while the __35__ of most proverbs is lost in anonymity. But one thing both verbal expressions __36__ have in common is that they both start with an individual who formulates memorable statements that __37__ on among people.

       Quotations are often cited together with naming the person who came up with it, while proverbs are __38__ without such specific references. However, proverbs are __39__ surrounded by such general introductory remarks as “as the proverb says,” “as my grandmother used to say”, or “as the old truth says” to add credence to the traditional bit of wisdom contained in the proverb.

       As would be expected, some quotations might well become proverbs, a good example being Theodore Roosevelt’s 1901 statement “Speak softly and carry a big stick.” There are some American speakers and writers who will “quote” this piece of advice always referring to Roosevelt, while others have long forgotten this __40__, citing it was an anonymous folk proverb. Another example would be Calvin Coolidge’s “The chief business of the American people is business” from 1925, which has long become proverbial in the slightly altered form of “The business of America is business.”
 

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

       On Toronto’s Eastern waterfront, a new digital city is being built by Sidewalk Labs -- a firm owned by Google’s parent Alphabet.

       It hopes the project will become a model for 21st-Century __41__. However, the deal has been controversial, __42__ one of the biggest ever tie-ups between a city and a large corporation. And that, __43__ with the fact that corporation __44__ is one of the largest tech firms in the world, is causing some __45__.

       Sidewalk Labs promises to transform the disused waterfront area into a bustling mini __46__, one built “from the internet up,” although there is no timetable for when the city will actually be built. The firm has some pretty __47__ ideas for the city, including self-driving cars, re-imagining of buildings and weather control. Dan Doctoroff, the company’s head and former deputy mayor of New York, claimed the project was “about creating healthier, safer, more convenient and more fun lives.” “We want this to be a model for what urban life can be in the 21st Century,” he said.

       The area will have plenty of sensors collecting data -- from traffic, noise and air quality -- and __48__ the performance of the electric grid and waste collection. And that has __49__ some in the city, including. Toronto’s deputy mayor Denzil Minnan-Wong, to question exactly what Sidewalk hopes to achieve. “What data will be gathered and what is it going to be used for? These are real and prescient issues for the city of Toronto,” he remarked. Sidewalk Labs responded that the sensors will not be used to monitor and collect information on citizens, but __50__ it will be used to allow governments to be flexible about how neighborhoods are used.

       Mr. Minnan-Wong is also concerned that the firm has not been very open with it’s own data. “Sidewalk talks about open data, but from the very start the one thing that they are not making __51__ is their agreement with Waterfront Toronto.” Waterfront Toronto is the organization __52__ revitalize the area around the city’s harbor. __53__ Sidewalk’s deal with the organization will __54__ a 12-acre site, but it is believed it wishes to expand this to the whole area, which at 325 acres will represent a huge land-grab. “Even the idea of what land we are talking about, even something as __55__ as that is unclear,” said Mr. Minnan-Wong. “Is this a real-estate play or is it a technology project? We just don’t know.”

41. A. productivism     B. industrialism     C. internationalism     D. urbanism

42. A. portraying       B. representing      C. concealing        D. regulating

43. A. constricted      B. competing       C. coupled           D. comparing

44. A. in return     B. in question     C. under construction     D. under control

45. A. unease         B. aggression       C. delight            D. disturbance

46. A. grid           B. metropolis       C. community         D. territory

47. A. capable        B. sensible          C. radical         D. rational

48. A. demonstrating   B. evaluating        C. manipulating    D. monitoring

49. A. affected        B. enlightened       C. discouraged     D. led

50. A. fairly          B. as               C. rather          D. yet

51. A. public         B. sense            C. believe         D. up

52. A. assigned to     B. distributed to     C. brought about to   D. responded to

53. A. Additionally    B. Comparatively    C. Initially         D. Consequently

54. A. build          B. cover            C. maintain        D. possess

55. A. visual         B. rough            C. fundamental      D. theoretical

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

      Mime（哑剧）opens up a new world to the beholder, but it does so insidiously（隐匿地）, not by purposely injecting points of interest in the manner of a tour guide. Audiences are not unlike visitors to a foreign land who discover that the modes, manners, and thoughts of its inhabitants are not meaningless oddities, but are sensible in context.

      I remember once when an audience seemed perplexed at what I was doing. At first, I tried to gain a more immediate response by using slight exaggerations. I soon realized that these actions had nothing to do with the audience’s understanding of the character. What I had believed to be a failure of the audience to respond in the manner I expected was, in fact, only their concentration on what I was doing; they were enjoying a gradual awakening -- a slow transference of their understanding from their own time and place to one that appeared so unexpectedly before their eyes. This was evidenced by their growing response to succeeding numbers.

      Mime is an elusive art, as its expression is entirely dependent on the ability of the performer to imagine a character and to re-create that character for each performance. As a mime, I am a physical medium, the instrument upon which the figures of my imagination play their dance of life. The individuals in my audience also have responsibilities -- they must be alert collaborators. They cannot sit back, mindlessly complacent, and wait to have their emotions aroused by mesmeric musical sounds or visual rhythms or acrobatic feats, or by words that tell them what to think. Mime is an art that, paradoxically, appeals both to those who respond instinctively to entertainment and to those whose appreciation is more analytical and complex.

       Between these extremes lie those audiences conditioned to resist any collaboration with what is played before them, and these the mine must seduce despite themselves. There is only one way to attack those reluctant minds -- take them unaware! They will be delighted at an unexpected pleasure.

56. The author most likely considers the analogy（类比）of mine artist and tour guide appropriate because both _______.

A. bring others to strange places

B. explore new means of self-expression

C. employ artistic methods to communicate

D. help others perceive a new situation

57. The author most likely includes the incident described in paragraph 2 in order to _______.

A. indicate the adjustments an audience must make in watching mime

B. show how challenging the career of a mime can be

C. portray the intensity required to see the audience’s point of view

D. dispel（驱散）some misconceptions about what a mime is like

58. The underlined word “elusive” in paragraph 3 most nearly means _______.

A. active and conclusive      B. difficult to describe or grasp

C. passive but vivid          D. inherently successful

59. According to the passage, which of the following is important to the artistic success of mime?

A. Effective fusion of disparate dramatic elements.

B. Incorporation of realistic details.

C. Audience involvement.

D. Large audiences.

(B)

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a. You get further discount on bulk purchases.

b. Your card is preloaded with a certain amount of cash.

c. You get the best discounts among the three promotions.

d. The cards can be used in many cinemas.

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A. They all have a minimum purchase.    B. They are all valid for 12 months.

C. They all need to be ordered ahead of time.  

D. They can all be used on tickets and food

62. In which of the following circumstances may a firm owner NOT consider bulk ticket purchases?

A. His customers usually don’t place big orders.

B. His sales staff cooperate well and perform perfectly.

C. He hopes his customers will always pay in time.

D. He hopes to be admitted into a social club soon.

(C)

       America’s businesses are getting older and fatter, while many new businesses are dying in infancy.

       A study last month by the Brookings Institution found that the proportion of older firms has grown steadily over several decades, while the survival rate of new companies has fallen. In addition, young people are starting companies at sharply lower rate than in the past.

       A new report from the National Association of Manufacturers shows a major cause: The cost of obeying government regulations has risen to more than $2 trillion (12.26 trillion yuan) annually, or 12 percent of the GDP, and this cost falls disproportionately on smaller, newer businesses.

       It’s risky, difficult and expensive to start a business, and getting more so. Governments are imposing various new rules on a seemingly daily basis: health insurance, minimum wage increases and, most recently in California, compulsory paid sick days for even hourly employees. These regulations shift huge social welfare costs directly onto often-struggling small businesses, while being proportionally much less costly for larger companies.

       This is partly an unintended issue of resources - established companies can cope with new costs more easily -- but it’s also deliberate. For instance, big insurance companies got a seat at the table to help write Obamacare, but less politically powerful firms - like medical device manufacturers - got squeezed.

       Mature, successful corporations can employ ex-lawmakers with connections, distribute campaign contributions and even write regulations for themselves. They are also more likely to want to protect steady revenue streams than revolutionize their industry.

       Major companies that have been so ill-managed they would otherwise collapse -- airlines, car companies and banks --- stagger（蹒跚）on because politicians ride to the rescue with bags of taxpayer money.

       The genius of our unique system of government is the determination to protect and defend the rights of the individual over the rights of the nation. As such, the rise of a well-connected oligarchy（寡头政治）that protect big business at the expense of small business, and the established over the new, is opposite to American ideals.

       Income inequality - which is directly caused by faulty government policy -- is being promoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. But let’s be perfectly clear, we do not have a free market but one where government picks winners and losers through regulations and financial aids.

       Politics is, and always has been, about balancing competing interests seeking to benefit themselves, and that’s as it should be, but the force of government should never be used to reduce competition, kill innovation or support and extend artificial monopolies by harming the consumer, the taxpayer and the economy. Policy must breed our new and small business or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die in infancy.

63. We can learn form the passage that _______.

A. over several decades, new companies have grown steadily

B. The cost of obeying government regulations falls equally on all businesses

C. less politically powerful firms also have their voice in making regulations

D. mature, successful corporations prefer to maintain their stable incomes

64. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that _______.

A. the rise of a well-connected oligarchy is contrary to American ideals

B. the state economy may depend on those innovative businesses

C. income inequality is what the government should take action to resolve

D. the government picks winners and losers through the law of free market

65. It can be concluded from the passage that _______.

A. Larger and older firms have a command of resources of various aspects

B. most of the ex-lawmakers work in mature, successful corporations

C. politicians like providing financial aids to the companies of worse operation

D. big insurance companies have better relationship with Obama

66. As to the development of smaller businesses, the writer is _______.

A. contented      B. confident        C. concerned        D. convinced

Section C

Directions: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable sentences to fill in the blanks and complete the passage. There are two extra sentences you do not need.

      More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. (67) _______ In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.

       Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior (68) _______. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.

       So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct（行为准则）and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. (69)_______.

       All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. (70) _______. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of “doing well by doing good” has become popular.

Ⅳ. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1. 他意识到只有把电子游戏放在一边，才能在学习中游刃有余。(unless)

2. 城市的空气每况愈下，这让我们警觉到：环保意识的缺乏已让市民付出了健康的代价。(alert)

3. 谈判双方只关心各自利益，且对应承担的责任意见相左，至今未达成共识。(concern)

4. 有人声称这种药丸效果显著，立竿见影，且不可替代，但事实远非如此。(It)

参考答案

Grammar and Vocabulary

21. glued   22. Despite   23. those   24. to be delivered   25. immigrating

26. as if   27. could   28. had given   29. what   30. whom

31. F  32. B  33. K   34. E   35. A   36. I   37. C   38. D  39. G   40. H

Cloze

41-55  DBCBA   BCDDC   AACBC

Reading

56-59   DABC  60-62  DAD   63-66  DBAC

67-70  DEA (AB)

Translation

1. 他意识到只有把电子游戏放在一边，才能在学习中游刃有余。(unless)

He realized that he couldn’t perform well in study unless he put aside, electronic games.

2. 城市的空气每况愈下，这让我们警觉到：环保意识的缺乏已让市民付出了健康的代价。(alert)

The air quality in the city is getting from had to worse, which alerts us that the lack of environmental awareness has cost the citizens their health.

3. 谈判双方只关心各自利益，且对应承担的责任意见相左，至今未达成共识。(concern)

As negotiating parties are only concerned about their own interest and hold different opinions on the responsibilities they should take, so far no agreement has been reached.

4. 有人声称这种药丸效果显著，立竿见影，且不可替代，但事实远非如此。(It)

It is claimed that this kind of pill has a strong/ significant /noticeable and immediate effect and there is no substitute for it, but it is far from the truth / case.