2021-2022学年行知中学高三上英语12月周练八（不含听力）

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Jim Thompson

Jim Thompson's life story is one of success, achievement, and finally mystery because no one knows how it ended.

Thompson was born in Delaware (21) _________ he east coast of the United States in 1906. After finishing high school, Thompson went to Princeton University and later studied architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. After graduation, Jim Thompson worked as an architect in New York City until 1940. Not long after this, he volunteered (22) _________ (serve) in the U. S. Army. During World War II, Thompson gathered intelligence for the army in Thailand. It was this first taste of life in the Far East (23) _________ changed Thompson's life. He saw opportunities to develop tourism there, becoming (24) _________ (involve) in an ambitious scheme to restore the Oriental Hotel.

While the hotel plan fell through, by that time Thompson had hit upon another scheme that would eventually make him a millionaire. While travelling around Thailand, he came across (25) _________ he considered exquisite（精美的）samples of handwoven Thai silk, a product that (26) _________ (become) rare. He persuaded the weavers to work with him and marketed the silk in New York, (27) _________ it became very popular. As a consequence, the Thai silk industry was revived（复兴）and the business made Thompson and some of the weavers very wealthy.

With his success in the silk business, Jim Thompson continued his original interest in architecture on the side. He found six traditional Thai houses and had (28) _________ brought to Bangkok and reassembled there as one magnificent house. Today, not only is it a beautiful house inside and out, (29) _________ it is also filled with the works of art Thompson collected.

In 1967 during a holiday in Malaysia, he went for a walk in the Jungle and disappeared forever. To this day, no clues (30) _________ (find) as to what happened to this wealthy American businessman who is credited with single-handedly reviving the Thai silk industry.

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

You're trying your best to enjoy an evening cookout, but a constant swarm of mosquitoes follows you from grill to pool-side. The threat? A pierce to your skin, leaving behind an itchy red welt and possibly even a serious illness. As you swat madly at the pests, you notice that others seem completely unbothered. Could it be that mosquitoes prefer to bite some people over others? The short answer is yes. Mosquitoes do __31__ blood-sucking preferences, say the experts. "One in 10 people are highly attractive to mosquitoes," reports Jerry Butler, PhD, professor emeritus at the University of Florida. But it's not dinner they're sucking out of you. Female mosquitoes - males do not bite people -- need human blood to develop __32__ eggs. And apparently, not just anyone's will do.

Who Mosquitoes Like Best? Although researchers have yet to __33__ what mosquitoes consider an ideal hunk（大块）of human flesh, the hunt is on. "There's a tremendous amount of research being conducted on what compounds and odors people exude that might be attractive to mosquitoes," says Joe Conlon, PhD, technical advisor to the American Mosquito Control Association. With 400 different compounds to examine, it's an extremely laborious process. "Researchers are just beginning to __34__ the surface," he says. Scientists do know that genetics __35__ for an overwhelming 85% of our susceptibility to mosquito bites. They've also identified certain elements of our body chemistry that, when found in excess on the skin's surface, make mosquitoes swarm closer." People with high __36__ of steroids or cholesterol on their skin surface attract mosquitoes," Butler tells WebMD. That doesn't necessarily mean that mosquitoes prey on people with higher overall levels of cholesterol, Butler explains. These people simply may be more efficient at processing cholesterol, the byproducts of which remain on the skin's surface.

Mosquitoes also __37__ people who product excess amounts of certain acids, such as uric acid, explains entomologist John Edman, PhD, spokesman for the Entomological Society of America. These substances can trigger mosquitoes' sense of smell, luring them to land on __38__ victims. But the process of attraction begins long before the landing. Mosquitoes can smell their diner from a(n) __39__ distance of up to 50 meters, explains Edman. This doesn't bode well for people who emit large quantities of carbon dioxide ... Luckily, there are chemical-based mosquito repellents and the soybean oil-based repellent that can help to keep the bite at __40__.

III. Reading Comprehensions

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

If you examine the birth certificate of every soccer player in the last Word Cup tournament, you will most likely find the excellent players were born in the earlier months of the year. If you then examine the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup, you will find this phenomenon even more __41__.

What might account for this strange phenomenon? Some guess a certain astrological sign（星座）__42__ superior soccer skills; others maintain that winter-born babies have higher oxygen capacity which increases soccer stamina (it t). But Anderson Ericsson, a 58-year-old professor who is called the expert on experts, believes in neither. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved __43__ training a person to hear and repeat a random series of numbers. "With the first subject after 20 hours of training, his digital span rose to 20, Ericsson recalls," and after about 200 hours of training he could repeat up to 80 numbers

This success, coupled with later research showing memory itself is not __44__ determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is a cognitive (i in a) exercise, which means whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are __45__ by how well each person encodes the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was process known as __46__ practice. It involves more than simply repeating a task, __47__ playing a C-minor scale 100 times hitting tennis serves until your shoulder pops out of its socket. __48__ it involves stepping outside your comfort zone, setting specific and well-defined goals,  focusing on __49__ areas of expertise, obtaining immediate feedback from professionals and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.

Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying high achievers in a wide range of __50__ including soccer, golf, chess, piano playing and darts. They gather all the data they can and make a rather shocking statement: the trait we commonly call talent is highly __51__, And yes, expert performances are nearly always made.

Ericsson's formula seems appealing to many tiger parents: "practice makes perfect" is naturally __52__ to genetic determinism. By __53__ innate ability as insignificant, many are confident they can make a concert-level pianist or an Olympic figure skater of their kids as long as they push them hard enough. Ericssson, __54__ believes what parents should learn from the science of expertise is not the effect of logging thousands of hours, but how to get kids to __55__ the importance and challenge of effective practice.

41. A. understandable       B. misleading        C. appealing        D. noticeable

42. A. promises           B. improves         C. compromises      D. masters

43. A. numbers            B. subjects          C. memory          D. practice

44. A. physically          B. genetically       C. fundamentally      D. psychologically

45. A. overshadow        B. demonstrated      C. strengthened       D. produced

46. A. enormous          B. deliberate         C. desperate         D. persistent

47. A. on average         B. more importantly    C. for instance       D. in particular

48. A. Besides           B. Nevertheless        C. Therefore         D. Rather

49. A. various           B. comprehensive       C. targeted          D. minor

50. A. pursuits           B. occupations         C. performances      D. assumptions

51. A. underestimate      B. overrated           C. flexible           D. demanding

52. A. equal             B. inferior            C. recognizing        D. beneficial

53. A. dismissing         B. lacking            C. besides           D. highlighting

54. A. likewise           B. therefore           C. besides           D. however

55. A. study             B. practice            C. reflect            D. embrace

Section B

Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Forty-three years ago, a man took a "small step" on the moon and brought mankind a "giant leap" forward. As the first person to walk on the moon, American astronaut Neil Armstrong is a man whose name will be remembered for generations to come.

But being the first is never easy. With so many unknowns about space at that time, Armstrong himself was surprised that Apollo 11 actually worked. He thought he and his partners had only a 50 percent chance of a successful landing back in 1969. It was tough indeed. When the module（登月舱）was approaching the moon's surface, the computer wanted to rest them on a steep slope covered with rocks, but Armstrong realized it was an unsafe place to stop. As a last minute decision, he safely landed the module by himself. When they finally touched the ground, "there was something like 20 seconds of fuel left," he said in an interview earlier this year. Unfortunately, some people doubted his visit to the moon, saying it was faked. But Armstrong responded with a chuckle（轻声笑）, saying: "It was never a concern to me because I knew one day, somebody was going to go fly back up there and pick up that camera I left."

For all his global fame, Neil Armstrong is a remarkably modest man. He rarely gave interviews and didn't like talking about his achievement. He stopped giving his signatures when he found that people sold them for thousands of dollars. "I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger（记账簿）of our daily work," Armstrong said in a CBS interview in 2005. When asked how he felt knowing his footprints would be likely to stay on the moon's surface for thousands of years, he said: " I kind of hope that somebody goes up there one of these days and cleans them up."

Armstrong passed away last month at the age of 82, but he will be remembered. "The next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of Neil Armstrong and give him a wink（眨眼示意）," his family said to Reuters.

56. It can be inferred from the article that before his expedition to the moon, Armstrong _________.

A. was certain that Apollo 11 would work well

B. believed the module would land safely on the moon

C. had prepared himself to face possible failure

D. planned to land the module on the moon by himself

57. How did Armstrong respond when people doubted that he had been to the moon?

A. He was angry.             B. He was troubled by it.

C. He tried to find evidence that they were wrong.

D. He believed they would be proved wrong some day.

58. By saying "I guess we all like to be recognized not for one pieces of fireworks but for the ledger of our daily work", Armstrong meant that _________.

A. the more daily work you've done, the more easily you will be recognized

B. things that look spectacular are not as useful as ordinary successes

C. achieving greatness can make other successes feel less important

D. everyday's hard work is more appreciated than one successful moment

59. Which of the following best describes Armstrong?

A. He was ambitious.            B. He tried to avoid the spotlight.

C. He balanced his life and work well.

D. He was talkative and loved telling jokes.

(B)

60. You and your friend just watched the eruption of Old Faithful at 12:26 p.m., at what time is it possible for you to enjoy the next one?

A. 13:10            B. 15:06             C. 14:06              D. 13:16

61. Which one of the following statement about Old Faithful is true?

A. The geyser's name gives people an indication that it always erupts regularly, about 20 times each day, once every 74 minutes.

B. When it is erupting, people should keep a safe distance from that due to the huge amount of water it expels as well as its freezing coldness.

C. Old Faithful is a well-known geyser which can expel at least 3700 gallons water each time and it's located in the world's largest national park.

D. If visitors want to check the eruption time, they may refer to the posted timetables, on which the predictions are calculated by the naturalists.

62. Where does the article most probably appear?

A. The Yellowstone official website.

B. Local travel pamphlets introducing Yellowstone.

C. A recently-issued guide book on Yellowstone.

D. A travel magazine column about Yellowstone.

(C)

More than five million different kinds of organisms（生物体）live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity（多样性）. In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.

Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.

Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a singe species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus (plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.

Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical（分层的）groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.

Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus's classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus's original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.

In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.

63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to _________.

A. demonstrate Linnaeus's method of classification

B. introduce the need for a better system of naming organisms

C. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus's naming system

D. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism

64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?

A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus's system for classifying is no longer in use.

B. Linnaeus's original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.

C. Linnaeus's original system of classification is used today with little modifications.

D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.

65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?

A. They do no share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.

B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.

C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.

D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.

66. Which of the following might be the bets title of the passage?

A. The Father of Modern Taxonomy

B. Classifying Organisms

C. Development in Life Forms

D. Linnaeus's Classification System

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Staying young forever

It used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan -- a character from James Matthew Barrie's 1911 book -- said: "All children, except one, grow up." _________67_________

According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children's toy market itself. These toys ranged fi om puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half on the sales came from millennials -- people born between the 1980s and 2000s.

"Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time," commented website Koreaboo. _________68_________

According to Frederique Tutt, ail analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today's fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasure brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. "It reminds me of the playful side of life," Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment.

_________69_________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing "the thrills of youth" is the evidence that "adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore", he told The New York Times. "That's actually quite sad."

_________70_________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. "It's just pop culture stuff. It's stuff that says, 'I like a little of this and I like a little of that', " he told ABC News. "It's no big deal."

So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it's time to introduce a new "fact", as stated in the tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: "Growing old is mandatory（强制的）, bu glowing up is optional."

IV. Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Parents everywhere praise their kids when they do well in school, win a ball game, or build an impressive sandcastle, anything that seems to be something "remarkable". Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, "We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be stricter." giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence

In fact they may be wrong. Too much praise can make kids afraid to try new, things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them. Still, not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.

So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused an the effort - mot the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. "We should especially recognize our children's efforts to put themselves and work hard to achieve a goal, says Donahue, author of parenting Without Fear, " Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses."

Praising the effort can also mean you need to identify the part where your kids make special efforts in a particular scenario（情景）. Instead of saying, "you are such a good baseball player", say, "you hit the ball really hard. You are an excellent first baseman. "Being specific is much better and helps kids identify with their special skill, Donahue says.

V. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72. 目前，在国内，除了接种疫苗外，中药的使用也被纳入了疫情防控中。(in addition to)

73. 年纪越大，你越意识到，重要的不是你想要什么，而是你愿意放弃什么。(not ... but ...)

74. 为了响应国家的号召，上海拟于本月月底前出台详细的教育政策来减轻学生的学业负担。(schedule)

75. 与目前在中国的大多数咖啡品牌相比，麦当劳(McDonald's)将不得不加速其扩张，以期在短时间内占据更大的市场份额。(compare)

VI. Guided Writing

Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

俗话说“万事开头难”(All things are difficult before they are easy)。你是否同意这一说法？请用英语写一篇短文，内容包括：

1. 你对这句俗话的理解；

2. 结合生活中一个具体事例加以说明。

语法填空

21. On    22.  to serve  23.  that  24. involved   25. what

26.  had become   27. where   28. them   29.  but   30. have been found

选词填空

31-40 CFHIEKBGDA

完形填空

41-55DACBA/BCDCA/BCADD

阅读理解

56-59 CDDB

61-62CDA

63-66DDAB

68-70DBFC

翻译

72.At present, in China, in addition to vaccination, the use of traditional Chinese medicine has also been included in the epidemic prevention and control.

73.The older you get, the more you realize that what matters is not what you want, but what you are willing to give up.

73.In response to the call of the state, Shanghai is scheduled to introduce a detailed education policy by the end of this month to reduce the academic burden of students.

74.Compared with most coffee brands in China, McDonald's will have to accelerate its expansion in order to occupy a larger market share in a short time.