（新人教版）浙江专用2022版高三一轮复习模块一第2讲形容词副词和比较等级学案（教师版）

（新人教版）浙江专用2022版高三一轮复习模块一第2讲形容词副词和比较等级 学案

Ⅰ. 语法填空

1. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷 )The beautiful (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.

2. (2019·天津高考) No one wants to live an extremely (extreme) long life with a lot of chronic diseases.

3. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,  runners live three years longer (long) than non-runners.

4. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He screams the loudest(loud) of all. 

Ⅱ. 完成句子

1. (2020· 天津高考)According to Professor Johnson,  we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to,  as it is optional(可选择的).

2. (2020·江苏高考)The outbreak of COVID-19 has meant an abrupt change(突然的变化)in our life and work.   

3. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Today I tried cooking a simple dish (一道简单的菜)myself.  

4. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)See you soon(待会儿见).  

语法填空五谨记

1. 看到空格处修饰的是名词,  要想到用形容词。

2. 看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,  要想到用副词。

3. 看到与than连用,  要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。

4. 看到and,  or,  but等并列连词前或后用的比较级,  要想到用比较级。

5. 看到语境中暗含比较含义,  要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。

形容词和副词的句法功能

1. 形容词主要用来修饰名词、代词,  表示事物或人的性质和特征。可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语等。

※I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon.  (作定语)

※I know he is too optimistic but I don’t want to depress

 him. (作表语)

※The room was found very dirty. (作主语补足语)

※Optimism makes a life happier and more meaningful. 

(作宾语补足语)

※Worried about the journey,  I was unsettled for the first few days. (作状语)

【点津】

(1)通常只作表语的形容词:

①以“a-”开头的形容词: afraid害怕的,  alone孤单的,  alive活着的,  alike相似的,  ashamed羞愧的, awake醒着的;

②content,  worth,  ill(有病的, 不舒服的),  sure,  liable,  well等。

(2)通常不用“人”作主语的形容词:

possible,  impossible,  probable,  convenient,  necessary等。

(3)形容词作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。

2. 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至整个句子。可作状语、表语、宾语补足语等。

※Whenever we have trouble with our studies,  our teachers help us patiently.  (作状语)

※The tide was out and they walked among the rock pools. (作表语)

※Unfortunately,  I was still very clumsy behind the wheel of the jeep. (作状语)

【点津】

(1)有些副词并不修饰动词,  而是修饰整个句子,  表示说话人的看法。常见的这类副词有:

(2)兼有两种形式的副词

其中一种形式与形容词相同, 另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。

形容词和副词的相互转化

1. 大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly构成。主要变化规律:

2. 在英语中, 有些词既可以作形容词, 又可以作副词。需要在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。如early,  much,  fast,  little,  wide,  loud,  well等。

※It brought a wide smile to his face and laughter to his eyes. (形容词)

※In a few seconds she was wide awake. (副词)

【点津】下列单词以-ly结尾,  但却是形容词而非副词: lively,  lonely,  lovely,  deadly,  friendly,  ugly,  silly,  timely等。

形容词和副词的比较级、最高级

1. 比较级和最高级的构成

(1)规则形式

①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词,  在原级后加-er,  -est构成,  如hard—harder—hardest。其他特殊变化见下表: 

②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词, 在原级前加more,  most构成。

active—more active—most active

happily—more happily—most happily

【点津】 ①少数双音节词及以-er或-le结尾的词, 可以有两种比较级和最高级形式

common—commoner/more common—commonest/most common

②表示“最高程度”的形容词, 如excellent,  extreme,  perfect,  favorite等, 没有最高级, 也不能用比较级。

(2)不规则形式

good/well—better—best

far—farther/further—farthest/furthest

bad/ill/badly—worse—worst

2. 比较等级的用法

(1)基本用法

①两者相比,  表示“和……一样”,  用“as+原级+as”表示。

※He worked as fast as a qualified technician.

【点津】在同级比较中,  若出现形容词修饰单数可数名词,  其语序为:  as+ adj. +a(n)+n. +as。

※John is as clever a boy as you wish to meet. 

②两者相比,  表示“不如……”,  用“not as/so+原级+as”。

※It is not so expensive as you might expect. 

③两者相比,  表示“比……更”,  用“比较级+than”; 表示“不比……更”,  用“not+比较级+than”。

※The process of learning and developing is more important than the outcome. 

※Her pronunciation is as good as,  if not better than,  her teacher’s.

【点津】 有些形容词本身含有比较的意义, 其后面用to而不用than。如: superior to(优于, 高于); inferior to (次于); senior to (年长于, 地位高于); junior to(地位低于); prior to (早于, 较重要于)。

④三个或三个以上的人或事物比较,  表示最高程度时,  用“the+最高级+比较范围”。

※Her sons are the most important thing in her life.

(2)特殊用法

①“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。

※Learning becomes more and more difficult as we get older. 

②“the+比较级,  the+比较级”表示“越……,  就越……”。

※The harder we work,  the more progress we will make.

③“more+原级+than”表示“与其说……不如说……”。

※She looks more asleep than clever.

④“more than+主语+can+谓语”表示“非……所能; ……不能”。

※The beauty of the place is more than I can describe. 

⑤“否定词+比较级”表示肯定的最高级

※I couldn’t agree with you any more.

⑥表示倍数的三个常用句型

a. . . . 倍数+as+原级+as. . . 

※The new building is three times as high as the old one.

b. . . . 倍数+比较级+than. . .

※The new building is twice higher than the old one.

c. . . . 倍数+the size/length/width/height,  etc. +of. . .

※The new building is three times the height of the old one. 

※Our classroom is three times as large as theirs. 

=Our classroom is twice larger than theirs. 

=Our classroom is three times the size of theirs.

3. 比较级的修饰语

(1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather,  much,  still,  even,  far,  a lot,  a little,  a great deal,  (by) far,  a bit等。

※The theme of the play stood out even more clearly after it was revised.

(2)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far,  nearly,  almost,  by no means,  not really以及序数词等。

※I would say that intellect is by far the most important factor.

常用的分词形容词和副词

　　-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别: -ed形容词, 通常说明人, 意为“(某人)感到……”; -ing形容词通常说明事物, 意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有: interested/interesting; excited/exciting; frightened/frightening; surprised/surprising; pleased/pleasing; moved/moving; disappointed/disappointing等。

※The wine was excellent,  but the food was disappointing.

※We will be pleased to answer any questions you may have.

【点津】 原则上, -ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人, 若修饰事物, 则多为 look (表情), air(神态), appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), face(表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪)等显示某人的情感状况的名词。

※Roger just looked up at him with a surprised look. 

※A hand helped me out of the tree,  and a frightened voice asked me if I was badly hurt.

小题快练

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

①(2020·浙江高考)Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering,  so people were able to raise more children.  

②(2019·浙江高考)School uniforms are traditional (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.

③(2018·浙江高考)Eating out once or twice a week may be affordable (afford) but doing this most days adds up. 

④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap,  easy and it’s always energetic (energy).

⑤(2018·浙江高考 )There could be an even higher (high) cost on your health. 

Ⅱ. 完成句子

①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)One was that I was amazed at the fact (对这个事实感到惊讶)that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.  

②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)I’m sure(我肯定) you’ll have a good time.  

③Over the past few decades,  we have developed an amazing network of public transportation.  Besides/In addition(此外; 并且), we have decided to make efforts to make it much better.  

④Like most grown-ups,  she enjoys folk songs,  because the peaceful music(宁静的音乐) reminds her of her beautiful life when she was young.  

⑤But I think we’d better have more outdoor activities.  As students,  we usually sit too long in the classroom(在教室里坐的时间太长),  and as a result our eyes and brains get tired.  

Ⅰ. 语法填空

Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting.

　　In the USA,  when you pass by someone you know,  a nod is acceptable,  and you usually shake hands with someone you first meet.  But in Latin countries,  a firm handshake 1. _________ (consider) rude.  In my home country,  Mauritius,  when people meet,  they usually kiss each other 2. _________ the cheeks.  This is also common in France,  3. _________ the act is called faire la bise.  However,  this is not 4. _________ universal rule.  

　　During my first week in the USA,  I kissed every single girl I met.  My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate, 5. _________(leave) me in great embarrassment.  What is common here,  however,  is for friends 6. _________(hug) each other—something I was not used to.  Hugs always make me 7. _________(frighten) because I don’t really like that.  This may seem strange since even kissing 8. _________(stranger) is normal in my country.  Now that I think about it,  I hate cheek-kissing as well.  

　　Wouldn’t it be 9. _________(enjoy) to have a greeting code that is 10. _________(wide) acceptable?  I’m not saying we should start doing that,  but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding.  

1. 【解析】is considered。考查时态和语态。句中主语a firm handshake和动词consider是被动关系, 此处作谓语用被动语态。表示客观事实, 与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填is considered。

2. 【解析】on。考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊, 在脸上用介词on, 故填on。

3. 【解析】where。考查定语从句。先行词是France, 在定语从句中作地点状语, 用关系副词where引导, 故填where。

4. 【解析】a。考查冠词。句中rule是可数名词单数形式, 此处表示一种普遍的规则, universal发音以辅音音素开头, 故填a。

5. 【解析】leaving。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词, 此处用非谓语。前面句子与动词leave是主动关系, 用动词-ing形式作结果状语, 故填leaving。

6. 【解析】to hug。考查动词不定式。句中What is common here是主语从句, 此处强调具体的动作用动词不定式作表语。故填to hug。

7. 【解析】frightened。考查形容词。修饰人用-ed结尾的形容词, 故填frightened。

8. 【解析】strangers。考查名词。stranger是单数可数名词, 此处表示泛指用复数形式, 故填strangers。

9. 【解析】enjoyable。考查形容词。此处表示“令人愉快的”用形容词作表语, 故填enjoyable。

10. 【解析】widely。考查副词。修饰形容词acceptable用副词, 指广泛接受的, 故填widely。

Ⅱ. 写作运用

　　根据汉语提示补全作文, 并注意其中形容词和副词的使用。

Dear David,

I’ve learned it from the Internet that you want to make a Chinese friend so as to learn the Chinese language and culture.  1. I’m glad that you show such great interest in China (我很高兴你对中国有浓厚的兴趣)and I would like to be your friend.  

2. I will try my best to write to you as often as possible to introduce you the Chinese culture (我将尽可能经常地给你写信介绍中国文化). When you have an opportunity to come to China, I’ll teach you how to speak Chinese and 3. show you around some famous historical places of interest (带你参观一些著名的历史名胜).  4. Anyway, I am going to help you as much as I can (无论如何, 我将尽可能多地帮助你). How do you think?  

I’m looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua