（新人教版）浙江专用2022版高三一轮复习模块三第6讲情态动词和虚拟语气学案（教师版）

（新人教版）浙江专用2022版高三一轮复习模块三第6讲情态动词和虚拟语气 学案

Ⅰ. 语法填空

1. (2019·江苏高考)What a pity!  You missed the sightseeing,  or we would have had (have)a good time together.   

2. (2018·江苏高考)There is a good social life in the village,  and I wish I had(have) a second chance to become more involved. 

Ⅱ. 完成句子

1. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)I wish that speaker had spoken longer(那个演讲者说得再长点).  

2. (2019·天津高考)Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I had been there(好像我在那里一样).  

3. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me(不让我去).  

语法填空二谨记

1. 若句中谓语动词为原形,  在其前设纯空格题时,  注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词;

2. 一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语,  就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。注意虚拟语气中的时态,  除了if虚拟条件句,  还应注意虚拟语气的标志词, 如suggest,  would rather,  as if,  wish,  otherwise,  or,  but for等。

一、情态动词

含有情态动词的时态和被动语态

1. 情态动词+原形: 除了表示现在的时间外, 还可以表示将来, 说明动作尚未发生。如:

※You can go now but you’d better come earlier tomorrow.

2. 情态动词+be doing: 表示动作正在发生。如:

※Your mother may be waiting for you to return home. 

※He must be playing football on the playground now. 

3. 情态动词+have done:

(1)表示对过去情况的推测:

※He must have started writing his book a long time ago.

(2)表示过去“该做而没做”“能做而没做”“可做而没做”等含义, 与过去事实不符或相反。

※I should have gone this morning but I was feeling a bit ill.

4. 含有情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词+be+done

※Pupils should be helped to adopt a positive approach to the environment.

常考情态动词的用法

1. can

(1)表示能力, 一般译为“能、会”, 尤其指生来具备的能力。

※Can you speak English? 

(2)表示许可, 常在口语中。

(3)表示推测, 意为“可能”, 常用于否定句和疑问句中, 此时can’t译为“不可能”。

※Can the news be true?

※The moon can’t always be full. 

2. could

(1)can的过去式, 意为“能、会”, 表示过去的能力。

※I didn’t know if I could raise a child by myself. 

(2)could在疑问句中, 表示委婉请求的语气, 此时could没有过去式的意思。

※Could you give me some advice on the best way to do this?

3. may

(1)表示请求、许可, 比can正式。

※May I use your computer? 

(2)表示推测, 谈论可能性, 意为“可能, 或许”, 一般用于肯定句中。

※I think he may be ready for a sleep soon. 

(3)may的过去式为 might。might 也可以表示可能性低于may(此时might没有过去式的意思)。

※He said he might not be back until tonight. 

(4)表示希望、祈求、祝愿, 常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may+主+v. 。

※May all of our wishes come true this Valentine’s Day.

4. must

(1)must 表示主观看法, 意为“必须”。

※We must be honest and faithful to the people. 

(2)对must引导的疑问句, 肯定回答为must, 否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to。

※—Must I go there today?

—Yes,  you must. 

—No,  you needn’t. 

(3)must也可以表示有把握的推测, 意为“ 一定, 肯定”, 用于肯定句。

※He must be waiting for us. 

(4)其否定形式mustn’t表示“禁止, 不许”。

※We mustn’t let the water run to waste.

【点津】 其反意疑问句的构成形式:

当must表示肯定的判断、推测时, 其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。

※He must be good at maths,  isn’t he? 

※You must have told her about it,  haven’t you? 

5. need

(1)need表示需要, 主要用于否定句和疑问句中, 其否定形式为needn’t, 意为“不必”。

用need提问时, 肯定回答为must, 否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to。

※—Need I go with you? 

—Yes,  you must. /No,  you needn’t. 

(2)need还可以作实义动词, 此时有人称、数和时态的变化, 如果是人作主语, 后面多接动词不定式。

※Adults need to live their own lives and that’s difficult with children.

【点津】 如果是物作主语, 一般用need doing与need to be done, 这种情况下应注意两点:

①主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义;

②该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。

※The car needs washing. =The car needs to be washed.

6. dare

dare意为“敢、敢于”, 用法近似于need, 有两种词性:

(1)dare作为情态动词, 多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中, 无第三人称单数形式, 只有一般现在时和一般过去时。

※How dare you pick up the phone and listen in on my conversations!

※Most people hate him,  but they don’t dare to say so,  because he still rules the country.

(2)dare作为实义动词, 此时有人称、数及时态的变化。

※My boyfriend doesn’t dare to hold my hand in public.

【点津】 口语中, dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用。

※Do you dare tell him what I said?

7. shall

(1)shall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称)

(2)shall表示命令、允诺(多用于第二、三人称)

※I shall do all I can to put the matter right. 

※You shall have a computer if you are admitted to a key university.

8. should

(1)should 意为“应该”, 可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。

※We should do everything we can to maintain world peace.

(2)should have done 意为“本应该做某事而没做”, 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。

※I should have gone this morning but I was feeling a bit ill.

9. will

will 表示意愿、意志、打算, 可用于多种人称。

※If you will undertake the affair,  I shall be very grateful.

表示“推测”的情态动词

1. can表示对具体事物的推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。

※They can’t believe you can even hold a conversation.

【点津】 can 表推测用于肯定句时, 不能指对具体事物的推测, 而是表示事物的属性特征。

※Even an experienced climber can get into trouble. 

2. must表示肯定的推测, 一般用于肯定句中。

※The computer doesn’t work.  There must be something wrong with it. 

3. might表示推测时不一定是may的过去式, 只是表示其可能性比may小。

※If you look at the moon,  you may/might have many questions to ask. 

4. could表示推测时, 语气比can弱。

※She could be in London or Paris or Tokyo—nobody knows.

5. should表示推测的可能性比较大, 表示有依据或有前提的推测, 仅比must的可能性小一点。意为“按说应该……”。

※I wonder what’s happened to Annie.  She should be here by now.

小题快练

Ⅰ. 用适当的情态动词填空(必要时用否定形式)

①Life is unpredictable; even the poorest may/can become the richest.  

②You must be Jason.  You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.

③As the deadline is drawing near,  no one shall leave with his own work uncompleted.

④—I can’t thank you enough for what you have done for me.  

—You’re welcome.

⑤My room is a mess,  but I needn’t clean it before I go out tonight.  I can do it in the morning.

⑥May you succeed!

Ⅱ. 完成句子

①We needn’t do so much homework(不必做这么多的家庭作业).  Therefore,  we have more time for after-school activities.  

②In my opinion,  by doing part-time jobs,  college students can gain some social experience(能获得一些社会经验) and broaden their outlooks.  

③You shall fail (你会失败)if you don’t work hard.  

④Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraged,  my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I could have avoided them(本可以避免那些错误).  

情态动词+have+过去分词

1. can/could/may/might have+done sth. 表示过去, 推测过去时间里可能发生过的事情。

※Should you look at what you could have done better and learn from it so you can improve? 

※Someone might have guessed our secret and passed it on. 

2. must have+done sth. 对过去时间里可能发生过的事情的推测, 语气较强, 意为“肯定/一定做过某事”。

※China must have done something supremely right to produce the economic miracle we observe.

3. should/ought to have done sth. 本应该做某事, 而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。

※She really ought to have retired long ago,  but she’s still working.

※We really shouldn’t have let him go swimming by himself.

4. needn’t have done sth. 本没必要做某事却做了。

※I needn’t have written to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.

5. would like to have done sth. 过去本想做某事而没做。

※I would like to have read the article,  but I was very busy then.

小题快练 用情态动词+have done填空

①Harry is feeling uncomfortable.  He must have drunk (drink) too much.  

②—Sorry,  Mum!  I failed the job interview again.

—Oh,  it’s too bad.  You should have made (make) full preparations.  

③We could have faced (face) the difficulty together,  but why didn’t you tell me?  

④George can’t have gone(not go) so far.  His coffee is still warm.  

二、虚拟语气

虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法

　　条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的, 此时主句不用虚拟语气; 而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想, 与事实相反或不大可能会发生, 此时用虚拟语气。

1. 虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用

※If there were no air,  we couldn’t live.

※If there had been no air in the tube,  the result of the experiment would have been more accurate.

※If he were to come tomorrow,  things would be easier.

2. 虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装

如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should, 可把if省略, 把were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装; 若为否定形式, not不可提前。

※Should it rain tomorrow,  what would you do? 

※Were there no friction,  we could not walk.

※Had we known about the new method,  we should have applied it earlier.

3. 错综时间条件句

有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致, 这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。

※If I had met him before,  I could recognize him.

4. 含蓄条件句

(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达, 而是用but for,  without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示。

※Without air,  there wouldn’t be living things in the world now.

(2)用otherwise,  or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反, 从而引出后文的虚拟语气。

※He reminded me of that,  otherwise,  I would have forgotten it.

(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来, 结构为“虚拟情况+but+真实情况”。

※She would have come to see you, but she was so busy that day.

使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句

1. wish与hope后接宾语从句的区别: hope表示一般可以实现的希望, 宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望, 宾语从句用虚拟语气。如:

※I wish I were as tall as you.

※He wished he hadn’t said that.

※I wish it would rain tomorrow. 

2. if only与I wish一样, 也用于表示与事实相反的愿望, 其后所接的虚拟语气的时态与wish后所接时态的情况相同。如:

※If only I had listened to my parents! 

3. I would rather后句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去, 表示“宁愿做什么”。如:

※I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 

※I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 

4. 以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句, 有时用虚拟语气, 则与wish用法相同。如:

※The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child.

从句中用(should+)动词原形的用法

1. 在for fear that(以免), in case(以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气。

※We had a meeting and talked the matter over face to face for fear that there should be any misunderstanding.

2. 在表示“坚持” “命令” “建议” “要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词可归纳为“一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(order, command)、三个建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四个要求(demand, require, request, ask)”。如:

※My family insisted that I should not give in,  but stay and fight.

※He commanded that roads (should)be built to link castles across the land. 

※I suggested to Mike that we (should)go out for a meal with his colleagues. 

3. 在order, suggestion, idea, plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中用虚拟语气。如:

※The order came that the medical supplies (should) be sent to the earthquake-stricken area soon.

It’s (about/high) time that+主语+did/should. . .

　　It’s (about/high) time后的从句用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形, 此处should不能省略, 意为 “(早)该干某事了”。如:

※It’s time (that)we went to bed.

※It’s high time that we should take action to protect the water resources. 

小题快练

①If we had taken(take) another road,  we wouldn’t have been stuck in the traffic jam for so long.  

②I wish I had been (be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday,  but I was on a business trip in New York then.  

③It is high time that you considered/should consider (consider) that if there were no stress in your life,  you would achieve a little.   

④It is lucky we booked a room,  or we would have (have) nowhere to stay now.  

⑤They met for the first time,  but they talked happily as if they had been(be)good friends for a long time.  

⑥As Father and Mother thought it was a big occasion for me,  they suggested I (should) hold (hold) a birthday party at home to celebrate it.  

Ⅰ. 语法填空

　　According to a recent study,  plants are able to make intelligent decisions.  They are a lot 1. _________ (smart) than we thought.  Scientists have discovered that the pea plant can make decisions on how 2. _________(survive) best,  even though it does not have a brain.  Researchers grew several pea plants that had their roots 3. _________(separate) between two pots.  Each pot contained different amount of nutrients.  One pot always had the same amount,  4. _________ the other pot varied between a lot and a little.  The plants turned out to be 5. _________ (amaze) consistent(一致的)at turning their roots to the pot with the most nutrients.  

　　Researcher Alex Kacelnik says the experiment raises a question,  not about plants,  6. _________ about animals and humans.  He wonders whether the pea plant is more efficient in using its limited resources about 7. _________ (make) decisions than humans.  He says,  “We have a very wonderful brain,  but maybe most of the time we’re not using 8. _________. ” Professor Kacelnik does not think that pea plants are intelligent in the human sense,  but that they exhibit complex 9. _________ (behave) to efficiently take advantage of natural opportunities.  It will be interesting to see how our lives would be different if we 10. _________ (adopt) similar strategies.  

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了最新研究表明植物能做出最有利于自己生存的决定, 植物要远比我们想象的聪明。

1. 【解析】smarter。考查比较级。根据后面的than we thought可确定, 这里需要使用比较级, 所以填smarter。

2. 【解析】to survive。考查常用结构。“疑问词+不定式”作宾语, 相当于一个从句, 所以填to survive。

3. 【解析】separated。考查固定结构。“它们的根”和“分开”之间是被动关系, 所以用have sth.  done结构, 填separated。

4. 【解析】while。考查连词。表示“然而”, 所以填while。

5. 【解析】amazingly。考查副词。修饰形容词consistent, 用副词, 所以填amazingly。

6. 【解析】but。考查固定句型。not. . . but. . . 不是……而是……, 是固定句型, 所以填but。

7. 【解析】making。考查非谓语动词。介词about之后用名词性质的词作宾语, 故此处用v. -ing形式, 所以填making。

8. 【解析】it。考查代词。指代前面的a very wonderful brain, 故用it。

9. 【解析】behavior。考查名词。作exhibit的宾语, 用名词形式, 所以填behavior。

10. 【解析】adopted。考查虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反的情况, 其句型为“If+主语+动词的过去式(be动词用were), 主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形”, 所以填adopted。

Ⅱ. 语段填空

High school is considered (被认为)the most important stage.  As a senior three student,  it will not be long before I graduate.  Now I have many things to share with my fellows(与同伴分享).  First of all,  I’d like to express my thanks to those who lent me a hand (帮了我一把)when I was disappointed.  It was their kindness that helped me regain my self-confidence when I lost heart(灰心).  Besides,  I anxiously want to clear up some misunderstanding with my friends in order to keep our friendships forever.  With the National College Entrance Examination approaching(随着高考临近), I strongly recommend that we (should) value time (我们珍惜时间)and redouble efforts to study so that we can get into a key university.  

Ⅲ. 写作运用

　　补全下面写作, 注意本节语法的使用。

Dear Tom,

I’m writing to give you 1. some advice on which social media you should use in China (一些关于在中国你应该使用哪些社交媒体的建议), and to explain the reasons for my recommendation.  

Personally speaking,  2. I strongly believe that WeChat is the best choice for you (我坚信微信是你的最佳选择). Similar to Instagram in the West, it allows you to share your special moments with friends, as well as providing a convenient platform for communication between individuals and groups. In addition, when you get here, you’ll find that all your friends are keen users,  3. so using this app can help you to avoid feeling left out (所以使用这个应用程序可以帮助你避免感觉被忽视). All in all, WeChat is an indispensable tool for Chinese people of all ages and from all walks of life,  4. so I strongly suggest that you learn to use it (因此我强烈建议你学着用它).  

 5. If you have any further question about your future life here in China, please don’t hesitate to ask (如果你对你在中国的未来生活还有任何疑问, 请毫不犹豫地问). I’m sincerely looking forward to your arrival.  

Yours,

Li Hua