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（新人教版）浙江专用2022版高三一轮复习模块四第7讲定语从句学案（教师版）
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这是一份（新人教版）浙江专用2022版高三一轮复习模块四第7讲定语从句学案（教师版），共7页。学案主要包含了文章大意等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ. 语法填空
1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt where it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
2. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist whse paintings were almst lifelike.
3. (2019·全国Ⅲ卷)They were well trained by their masters wh had great experience with caring fr these animals.
4. (2019·江苏高考)We have entered int an age when dreams have the best chance f cming true.
5. (2019·浙江高考)On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth that/which gives ff light in the dark.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thank yu fr yur letter, which really made me happy(这使我很高兴).
2. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Understanding her gd intentins, I eat all the fd that is prvided by Mm(妈妈提供的) with appreciatin.
3. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) One afternn when I was in primary schl(我上小学的时候), I was walking by the schl playgrund.
4. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They als had a small pnd where/in which they raised fish(他们从中养鱼).
语法填空二谨记
1. 确定定语从句关系词的解题要领: 根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。
2. 关系词应遵循“缺什么, 补什么”的原则
(1)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少主语, 限制性定语从句中用wh/that; 非限制性定语从句中用wh。
(2)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少宾语, 限制性定语从句中用wh/that/whm; 非限制性定语从句中用whm。
(3)如果先行词指物, 定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 限制性定语从句中用which/that; 非限制性定语从句用which。
(4)如果先行词指时间或地点, 定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语, 则用when或where; 如果缺少主语或宾语, 则用that或which。
(5)在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人, 则关系词用whm; 如果先行词指物, 则用which。
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中作定语, 修饰一个名词或代词, 有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词一览表
1. 限制性定语从句中, 只用that不用which的情况
(1)先行词是all, much, little, smething, everything, anything, nthing, nne等不定代词时。
※If I run int anything that might interest yu, I’ll send it yur way.
※We cannt say that nne that we saw n TV’s were true.
(2)先行词被the nly, any, few, n, very等修饰时。
※ After the fire in his huse, the ld car is the nly thing that he wned.
(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。
※That is the best film that has ever been shwn s far in the city.
※When it cmes t Jinan, the first that cmes t mind is the spring water.
(4)先行词既有人也有物时。
※My mther and her ld friends talked f things and persns that they remembered in the schl.
(5)主句的主语是疑问词wh或which时。
※Wh is the persn that is standing at the gate?
2. 只用which不用that的情况
(1)关系代词前有介词时。
※This is the reference bk f which the teacher is speaking.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。
※Cruse’s dg, which was very ld nw, became ill and died.
3. 引导非限制性定语从句的as与which
※As is knwn t all, great changes have taken place in China.
※Jhn, as yu knw, is a famus writer.
※Tm was late fr schl again and again, which made his teacher very angry.
小题快练
①(2020·天津高考)Dr. Rwan, whse secretary resigned tw weeks ag, has had t d all his wn typing.
②(2018·北京高考)She and her family bicycle t wrk, which helps them keep fit.
③(2017·北京高考)The little prblems that we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins fr great inventins.
④As is knwn t all, China is a develping cuntry.
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词+关系代词”结构中, 关系代词若是表示人, 就只能用whm; 关系代词若是表示事物, 就只能用which。 如:
※Where is the supermarket in which yu bught the laptp last week?
※D yu knw the lady with whm ur manager is talking in the ffice?
【点津】
在正式的文体中, “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。
※She had sme mney in the bank, with which she can help her mther.
※She had sme mney in the bank, with which t help her mther.
小题快练
①(2020·江苏高考)Many lessns are nw available nline, frm which students can chse fr free.
②Many yung peple, mst f whm were well-educated, headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
③The by wants anther fifty cents with which t buy (buy)sme ice cream.
关系副词引导的定语从句
定语从句中关系副词有when, where, why, 代替前面的先行词, 在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。
※She remembered clearly that day when she’d gne explring the rckpls.
※This is the twn where I was brn.
※I’m writing t explain t yu the reasn why I was absent frm yur lecture last time.
关系副词when, where, why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。
※There are ccasins when (=n which) ne must yield.
※Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was brn.
※Is this the reasn why (=fr which) he refused ur ffer?
小题快练
①This is the reasn why I want her t cme t the meeting.
②(2019·浙江高考)We’ve gne t the ppsite extreme f a few decades ag when parents tended t be mre strict.
③(2019·天津高考)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.
定语从句和分词短语作定语之间的相互转化
如果定语从句中先行词是从句的主语(即关系代词作从句的主语), 则这个定语从句可以转化为以过去分词或现在分词作定语的形式。同样的, 分词作定语也可以转化为一个定语从句。
谓语动词用主动语态的, 用现在分词作定语; 用被动语态的, 用过去分词作定语。 如:
※ We live in a huse which/that faces the suth.
→We live in a huse facing the suth.
※The first textbks that/which were written fr teaching as a freign language came ut in the 16th century.
→The first textbks written fr teaching as a freign language came ut in the 16th century.
Ⅰ. 语法填空
Fr 99 days, dctr never let up.
Zhu Huichang, a dctr wh has been in the fight against COVID-19 fr 99 days, said, “The experience is unfrgettable, and it’s 1. _________ hnr fr me t d my part as a dctr when the cuntry and its peple need me. ”
On Jan 27, he barded a plane t Wuhan, the epicenter f COVID-19 utbreak in China. “I didn’t hesitate fr a mment because I 2. _________ (think)abut it fr a lng time, ” Zhu said. Althugh his child bjected 3. _________ the decisin, his wife, wh is als a medical prfessinal, gave him strng supprt. “This is ur 4. _________(respnsible), ” she said. During his stay in Wuhan, all the COVID-19 patients they were respnsible fr recvered, he said 5. _________(prud).
One mre missin awaited. After Zhu returned t Fujian and cmpleted his 14-day quarantine(隔离期), he vlunteered n April 5 t serve with a medical team sent t the Philippines. “I had the experience 6. _________ I culd share with clleagues in the Philippines, ” Zhu said, 7. _________(add)that he wanted t make a cntributin t the wrld. In the Philippines, the medical experts spent entire days 8. _________(share)their experiences. “We wanted t cmmunicate 9. _________ we had learned abut treatment plans fr COVID-19 patients, ” he said. “I feel 10. _________(cnnect)t Wuhan and the Philippines nw, ” Zhu said.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了卓慧昌医生令人难忘的经历, 他已经参与抗击新冠肺炎99天。他参与了武汉和菲律宾的医疗队, 为抗击新冠肺炎疫情作出了贡献。
1. 【解析】an。考查冠词。根据名词hnr 可知此处用冠词, 且由音标/ˈɒnə(r)/可知要用an修饰名词。
2. 【解析】had been thinking/had thught。考查时态。根据主句谓语didn’t hesitate可知从句谓语可用过去完成时或者过去完成进行时表示过去发生的动作, 且该动作还有可能继续。故填had been thinking/had thught。
3. 【解析】t。考查介词。固定短语bject t“反对”。故填t。
4. 【解析】respnsibility。考查名词。根据ur可知此处要用名词, 且respnsibility是不可数名词。故填respnsibility。
5. 【解析】prudly。考查副词。根据said 可知此处要用副词修饰动词。故填prudly。
6. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子成分可知, 此处是一个限制性定语从句, 先行词是experience, 指物, 且关系词在定语从句中作share with的宾语, 因此要用that/which。
7. 【解析】adding。考查非谓语动词。根据Zhu said可知此处要用非谓语动词, 且逻辑主语Zhu与add之间是主动关系, 因此要用现在分词。故填adding。
8. 【解析】sharing。考查固定搭配。固定短语spend time (in) ding sth. “花时间做某事”, 根据spent entire days可知此处用现在分词。故填sharing。
9. 【解析】what。考查宾语从句的引导词。句意: 他说: “我们希望交流我们对COVID-19患者治疗方案的了解。”根据wanted t cmmunicate可知后接宾语从句, 此处缺少宾语从句的引导词; 分析宾语从句成分可知, 主语是we, 谓语是had learned abut, 缺少宾语, 因此要用引导词what。
10. 【解析】cnnected。考查形容词。根据feel可知此处要用形容词作表语。故填cnnected。
Ⅱ. 语段填空
Recently we had a class meeting n the tpic f my dream(关于我的梦想的话题). Sme mentined the Chinese Dream. And thers talked enthusiastically abut their understanding f the Chinese Dream(他们对中国梦的理解). We all believe that this dream will cme true (这个梦想将会实现)in the future. I als talked abut my wn dream. I have always wanted t be a dctr. Nt nly can dctrs save peple’s lives(医生拯救人民的生命), but als they are ding a respectable jb. Dctrs can help peple t live a better life (过上更好的生活)with their prfessinal knwledge. T realize my dream(为了实现我的梦想), I shuld try t study hard frm nw n. I must learn as much as I can t get int a gd medical cllege, which I can prepare myself fully fr (这就让我能为……做好充分的准备)the jb f a dctr.
Ⅲ. 写作运用
补全下面写作, 注意定语从句的运用
1. As is universally knwn(众所周知), high schl life is an imprtant turning pint and 2. high schl campus is an imprtant place where students study and live(高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所). My classmates and I decided t d smething fr the cming graduatin. Having had a heated discussin, we agreed n making a vide t recrd 3. ur experiences at schl(我们在校经历).
Material cllecting tk us a whle week, 4. during which we interviewed ur teachers and tk pictures f every aspect f schl life(在此期间, 我们采访了我们的老师, 并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面). Sme cmprmises were unavidable, but the vide turned ut perfect. 5. That day when the vide was played(播放录像的那一天), it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time, 6. which surely gave us a great sense f achievement(这当然给了我们很大的成就感).
关系代词
先行词
句法功能
wh
人
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whm
人
宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whse(=f
whm/f which)
人或物
定语
that
人或物
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which
物
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
位置不同
表意不同
as
引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中
意为“正如……”, 后面的谓语动词多用see, knw, expect, say, mentin, reprt等
which
引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后
意为“这一点”或“这件事”等
Ⅰ. 语法填空
1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt where it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
2. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist whse paintings were almst lifelike.
3. (2019·全国Ⅲ卷)They were well trained by their masters wh had great experience with caring fr these animals.
4. (2019·江苏高考)We have entered int an age when dreams have the best chance f cming true.
5. (2019·浙江高考)On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth that/which gives ff light in the dark.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thank yu fr yur letter, which really made me happy(这使我很高兴).
2. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Understanding her gd intentins, I eat all the fd that is prvided by Mm(妈妈提供的) with appreciatin.
3. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) One afternn when I was in primary schl(我上小学的时候), I was walking by the schl playgrund.
4. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They als had a small pnd where/in which they raised fish(他们从中养鱼).
语法填空二谨记
1. 确定定语从句关系词的解题要领: 根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。
2. 关系词应遵循“缺什么, 补什么”的原则
(1)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少主语, 限制性定语从句中用wh/that; 非限制性定语从句中用wh。
(2)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少宾语, 限制性定语从句中用wh/that/whm; 非限制性定语从句中用whm。
(3)如果先行词指物, 定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 限制性定语从句中用which/that; 非限制性定语从句用which。
(4)如果先行词指时间或地点, 定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语, 则用when或where; 如果缺少主语或宾语, 则用that或which。
(5)在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人, 则关系词用whm; 如果先行词指物, 则用which。
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中作定语, 修饰一个名词或代词, 有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词一览表
1. 限制性定语从句中, 只用that不用which的情况
(1)先行词是all, much, little, smething, everything, anything, nthing, nne等不定代词时。
※If I run int anything that might interest yu, I’ll send it yur way.
※We cannt say that nne that we saw n TV’s were true.
(2)先行词被the nly, any, few, n, very等修饰时。
※ After the fire in his huse, the ld car is the nly thing that he wned.
(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。
※That is the best film that has ever been shwn s far in the city.
※When it cmes t Jinan, the first that cmes t mind is the spring water.
(4)先行词既有人也有物时。
※My mther and her ld friends talked f things and persns that they remembered in the schl.
(5)主句的主语是疑问词wh或which时。
※Wh is the persn that is standing at the gate?
2. 只用which不用that的情况
(1)关系代词前有介词时。
※This is the reference bk f which the teacher is speaking.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。
※Cruse’s dg, which was very ld nw, became ill and died.
3. 引导非限制性定语从句的as与which
※As is knwn t all, great changes have taken place in China.
※Jhn, as yu knw, is a famus writer.
※Tm was late fr schl again and again, which made his teacher very angry.
小题快练
①(2020·天津高考)Dr. Rwan, whse secretary resigned tw weeks ag, has had t d all his wn typing.
②(2018·北京高考)She and her family bicycle t wrk, which helps them keep fit.
③(2017·北京高考)The little prblems that we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins fr great inventins.
④As is knwn t all, China is a develping cuntry.
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词+关系代词”结构中, 关系代词若是表示人, 就只能用whm; 关系代词若是表示事物, 就只能用which。 如:
※Where is the supermarket in which yu bught the laptp last week?
※D yu knw the lady with whm ur manager is talking in the ffice?
【点津】
在正式的文体中, “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。
※She had sme mney in the bank, with which she can help her mther.
※She had sme mney in the bank, with which t help her mther.
小题快练
①(2020·江苏高考)Many lessns are nw available nline, frm which students can chse fr free.
②Many yung peple, mst f whm were well-educated, headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
③The by wants anther fifty cents with which t buy (buy)sme ice cream.
关系副词引导的定语从句
定语从句中关系副词有when, where, why, 代替前面的先行词, 在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。
※She remembered clearly that day when she’d gne explring the rckpls.
※This is the twn where I was brn.
※I’m writing t explain t yu the reasn why I was absent frm yur lecture last time.
关系副词when, where, why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。
※There are ccasins when (=n which) ne must yield.
※Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was brn.
※Is this the reasn why (=fr which) he refused ur ffer?
小题快练
①This is the reasn why I want her t cme t the meeting.
②(2019·浙江高考)We’ve gne t the ppsite extreme f a few decades ag when parents tended t be mre strict.
③(2019·天津高考)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.
定语从句和分词短语作定语之间的相互转化
如果定语从句中先行词是从句的主语(即关系代词作从句的主语), 则这个定语从句可以转化为以过去分词或现在分词作定语的形式。同样的, 分词作定语也可以转化为一个定语从句。
谓语动词用主动语态的, 用现在分词作定语; 用被动语态的, 用过去分词作定语。 如:
※ We live in a huse which/that faces the suth.
→We live in a huse facing the suth.
※The first textbks that/which were written fr teaching as a freign language came ut in the 16th century.
→The first textbks written fr teaching as a freign language came ut in the 16th century.
Ⅰ. 语法填空
Fr 99 days, dctr never let up.
Zhu Huichang, a dctr wh has been in the fight against COVID-19 fr 99 days, said, “The experience is unfrgettable, and it’s 1. _________ hnr fr me t d my part as a dctr when the cuntry and its peple need me. ”
On Jan 27, he barded a plane t Wuhan, the epicenter f COVID-19 utbreak in China. “I didn’t hesitate fr a mment because I 2. _________ (think)abut it fr a lng time, ” Zhu said. Althugh his child bjected 3. _________ the decisin, his wife, wh is als a medical prfessinal, gave him strng supprt. “This is ur 4. _________(respnsible), ” she said. During his stay in Wuhan, all the COVID-19 patients they were respnsible fr recvered, he said 5. _________(prud).
One mre missin awaited. After Zhu returned t Fujian and cmpleted his 14-day quarantine(隔离期), he vlunteered n April 5 t serve with a medical team sent t the Philippines. “I had the experience 6. _________ I culd share with clleagues in the Philippines, ” Zhu said, 7. _________(add)that he wanted t make a cntributin t the wrld. In the Philippines, the medical experts spent entire days 8. _________(share)their experiences. “We wanted t cmmunicate 9. _________ we had learned abut treatment plans fr COVID-19 patients, ” he said. “I feel 10. _________(cnnect)t Wuhan and the Philippines nw, ” Zhu said.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了卓慧昌医生令人难忘的经历, 他已经参与抗击新冠肺炎99天。他参与了武汉和菲律宾的医疗队, 为抗击新冠肺炎疫情作出了贡献。
1. 【解析】an。考查冠词。根据名词hnr 可知此处用冠词, 且由音标/ˈɒnə(r)/可知要用an修饰名词。
2. 【解析】had been thinking/had thught。考查时态。根据主句谓语didn’t hesitate可知从句谓语可用过去完成时或者过去完成进行时表示过去发生的动作, 且该动作还有可能继续。故填had been thinking/had thught。
3. 【解析】t。考查介词。固定短语bject t“反对”。故填t。
4. 【解析】respnsibility。考查名词。根据ur可知此处要用名词, 且respnsibility是不可数名词。故填respnsibility。
5. 【解析】prudly。考查副词。根据said 可知此处要用副词修饰动词。故填prudly。
6. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子成分可知, 此处是一个限制性定语从句, 先行词是experience, 指物, 且关系词在定语从句中作share with的宾语, 因此要用that/which。
7. 【解析】adding。考查非谓语动词。根据Zhu said可知此处要用非谓语动词, 且逻辑主语Zhu与add之间是主动关系, 因此要用现在分词。故填adding。
8. 【解析】sharing。考查固定搭配。固定短语spend time (in) ding sth. “花时间做某事”, 根据spent entire days可知此处用现在分词。故填sharing。
9. 【解析】what。考查宾语从句的引导词。句意: 他说: “我们希望交流我们对COVID-19患者治疗方案的了解。”根据wanted t cmmunicate可知后接宾语从句, 此处缺少宾语从句的引导词; 分析宾语从句成分可知, 主语是we, 谓语是had learned abut, 缺少宾语, 因此要用引导词what。
10. 【解析】cnnected。考查形容词。根据feel可知此处要用形容词作表语。故填cnnected。
Ⅱ. 语段填空
Recently we had a class meeting n the tpic f my dream(关于我的梦想的话题). Sme mentined the Chinese Dream. And thers talked enthusiastically abut their understanding f the Chinese Dream(他们对中国梦的理解). We all believe that this dream will cme true (这个梦想将会实现)in the future. I als talked abut my wn dream. I have always wanted t be a dctr. Nt nly can dctrs save peple’s lives(医生拯救人民的生命), but als they are ding a respectable jb. Dctrs can help peple t live a better life (过上更好的生活)with their prfessinal knwledge. T realize my dream(为了实现我的梦想), I shuld try t study hard frm nw n. I must learn as much as I can t get int a gd medical cllege, which I can prepare myself fully fr (这就让我能为……做好充分的准备)the jb f a dctr.
Ⅲ. 写作运用
补全下面写作, 注意定语从句的运用
1. As is universally knwn(众所周知), high schl life is an imprtant turning pint and 2. high schl campus is an imprtant place where students study and live(高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所). My classmates and I decided t d smething fr the cming graduatin. Having had a heated discussin, we agreed n making a vide t recrd 3. ur experiences at schl(我们在校经历).
Material cllecting tk us a whle week, 4. during which we interviewed ur teachers and tk pictures f every aspect f schl life(在此期间, 我们采访了我们的老师, 并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面). Sme cmprmises were unavidable, but the vide turned ut perfect. 5. That day when the vide was played(播放录像的那一天), it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time, 6. which surely gave us a great sense f achievement(这当然给了我们很大的成就感).
关系代词
先行词
句法功能
wh
人
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whm
人
宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whse(=f
whm/f which)
人或物
定语
that
人或物
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which
物
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
位置不同
表意不同
as
引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中
意为“正如……”, 后面的谓语动词多用see, knw, expect, say, mentin, reprt等
which
引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后
意为“这一点”或“这件事”等
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