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高考英语总复习语法专题2第2讲形容词、副词和比较等级学案
展开第2讲 形容词、副词和比较等级
考点1 形容词和副词的基本用法
1. 形容词的基本用法
(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。
As a unique part of Chinese culture，Chinese characters have a long history and various ways of creating new characters and expressing plentiful meanings.
作为中国文化独一无二的部分，中国汉字历史悠久，以各种方式创造新的汉字，表达丰富的内涵。
Although it doesn't taste of anything special, it's still worth a try.
尽管它尝起来没有任何特殊的地方，但是还是值得一试。
Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for the police to find the trail again.
天气状况太差，警察想再找到踪迹是不可能的。
(2)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
Flushed and breathless, she bounded in through the gate.
她满脸通红，气喘吁吁，从大门口蹦蹦跳跳地跑了进来。
常见的以ly结尾的形容词：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。
2. 副词的基本用法
(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
In China, it is a virtue and tradition to respect our teachers, who unselfishly help us to gain much knowledge.
在中国，尊敬我们的老师是一种美德和传统，他们无私地帮助我们获得了很多知识。
Live as though you intended to live forever, and work as though your strength were limitless.
要这样生活，仿佛你寿命永恒，要这样工作，仿佛你精力无穷。
(2)常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末); meanwhile“在此期间”； therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”； moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”； besides“另外，还有”； however“然而”； instead“相反，代替”； anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”； otherwise“否则”。
The young man couldn't afford a new car. Instead, he bought a used one.
那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。
The house was too expensive and too big. Besides, I'd grown fond of our little rented house.
这个房子太贵、太大了。而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。
易用错的几类副词
(1)意义有别的同根副词。如：free(免费地)/freely(自由地), hard(努力地)/hardly(几乎不), late(晚，迟)/lately(最近), most(很，最)/mostly(主要地), fair(公平地)/fairly(相当地), near(临近)/nearly(几乎)等。
(2)有些副词有两种形式：以ly结尾时表示抽象意义；与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如：close接近/closely密切地； wide宽地/widely广泛地； high高地/highly高度地； deep深地/deeply深深地。
考点2 形容词和副词的比较等级
1. 比较级和最高级的构成
(1)规则变化
变化规则 | 例词 |
单音节的词一般在后 面加er和est | tall→taller→tallest quick→quicker→quickest |
以“辅音字母＋e”结尾 的词，在后面加r和st | late→later→latest pale→paler→palest |
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的 词，将y改为i，再加er 和est | early→earlier→earliest heavy→heavier→heaviest |
以一个辅音字母结尾的重 读闭音节词，要双写这个 辅音字母，再加er和est | thin→thinner→thinnest hot→hotter→hottest |
其他双音节和多音节的词 都在前面加more和most | careful→more careful →most careful |
有少数几个双音节以及ow, er, le结尾的词，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词：narrow, common, clever, simple, quiet, stupid等。(2)不规则变化
good/well→better→best; bad/ill→worse→worst; many/much→ more→most; far→farther/further→farthest/furthest; little→less→least; old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
2. 比较等级的用法
(1)同级比较
①as＋adj./adv. (原形)＋as ... “和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv. (原形)＋as ... “和……不一样”
Since people are fond of humour, it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.
因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。
②当as ... as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：
as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as ...
as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as ...
as＋much＋不可数名词＋as ...
I'm not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.
今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。
(2)比较级
“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方……”。
I know my elder sister better than anyone else.
我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。
修饰比较等级的副词：much, even, still, far, yet, a little, a lot, a bit, rather, any等。more, very等副词不可修饰比较级。
(3)最高级
①表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“……是……中最……的”。
The voyage was led by Zheng He, the most important Chinese adventurer of all time and one of the greatest sailors the world has ever known.
郑和统帅了这次远航，他是中国历史上最重要的探险家，也是举世闻名的最伟大的航海家之一。
Tom is content with the watch. It is the best gift he has ever got.
汤姆对这块表很满意。这是他得到的最好的礼物。
②最高级的其他表达法：
否定词＋比较级
比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词
比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than anything/anyone else
Your story is perfect. I've never heard a better one before.
你的故事太完美了。我以前从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.
长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。
有些词本身就有最高级含义，不能再用最高级形式，常见的有：favourite，wonderful，exhausted等；有些词本身有比较级含义，故不与than连用，如be senior to等。(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型
①the＋adj./adv.比较级， the＋adj./adv.比较级 “越……，越……”
②adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级“越来越……”
③the＋adj.比较级＋of the two＋名词“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个”
④no more than“仅仅”， not more than“至多；不超过”
⑤more ... than ... “与其说……不如说……”
⑥no＋比较级＋than “和……一样不……”
⑦not＋比较级＋than “不比……更……”
⑧倍数句型
A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋B
The more positive an article, the more likely it is to be shared.
一篇文章越积极乐观，就越有可能被分享。
The electronic waste is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
总的来说，电子废弃物正以传统垃圾三倍的速度增加。
More and more people realise the importance of learning a foreign language well.
越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。
考点3 形容词和副词的词性转换
形容词和副词的词形变化及词性转换是形容词和副词的考查热点。如果用来修饰名词或在系动词后作表语，应用形容词形式；如果用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，则应用副词形式。正确分析句子结构，判断设空处在句中所作的句子成分，并牢记形容词变副词的规则，是解答此类题目的关键。
【技巧点拨】
语法填空五谨记
1. 看到空格处修饰的是名词， 要想到用形容词。
2. 看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子， 要想到用副词。
3. 看到与than连用， 要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。
4. 看到and, or, but等并列连词前或后用的比较级， 要想到用比较级。
5. 看到语境中暗含比较含义， 要想到用比较级(两者之间)或最高级(三者及三者以上)。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the hotter (hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it?
2. (2021·全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
3. (2021·浙江卷1月)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed sharply (sharp)．
4. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
5. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The beautiful (beauty) long branches covered with pinkcolored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
(2021·河北张家口宣化一中模拟)Travelling abroad is gaining more 1. popularity (popular). Therefore, in order to leave a good impression on foreign people and avoid getting 2. yourself (you) into trouble, it is important to know the things that you should never do when you are visiting another country. In Japan, don't tip anyone. Tipping is just not part of 3. the culture. If you leave the tip on the table, they will come running after you with it. Do not enter some certain places 4. with your shoes on. For example, some 5. traditional (tradition) Japanese restaurants require you to take off shoes before 6. entering/entry (enter). Just follow suit and you won't go wrong. When you're in Russia, never give even number of flowers as a gift. That's for dead people. A proper bouquet (花束) should consist of flowers with the number like 1, 3, 5, 7, etc. In some holy places like temples in India, trousers or dresses 7. that/which show anything above the ankles are considered unacceptable and therefore 8. officially (official) banned. This 9. applies (apply) to both sexes. If you're in Singapore, don't feed birds, bring pets into public places, or eat or drink on public transport. All of these actions will get you 10. fined (fine)．
Ⅲ. 写作运用
根据汉语提示补全作文， 注意形容词和副词的运用。
Good morning, dear judges. I'm Candidate No.1. My name is Li Hua and I come from Class 11, Grade Three. I think 1. I am the perfect person (我是最适合的人) for the Young Ambassador for Cultural Exchange.
Firstly, 2. I'm fluent in English (我的英语很流利). It 3. will make the communication between our honoured friends and us much easier (会使我们尊敬的朋友和我们之间的交流更容易). Moreover, as a big fan of traditional Chinese culture, 4. I don't think there is anyone who could be more suitable than me (我认为没有人比我更合适了) to introduce our culture to foreign friends. In addition, 5. my outgoing and enthusiastic personality makes me get along well with people quickly and easily (我开朗热情的性格使我能快速与人融洽相处).
So, dear judges, please trust me. I'm the very person you are looking for.
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