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高考英语一轮复习选修部分选修7Unit20NewFrontiers学案北师大版
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这是一份高考英语一轮复习选修部分选修7Unit20NewFrontiers学案北师大版，共17页。学案主要包含了典型例句，词块必记，语境速测，写作金句，句型公式，名师点津，文化金句，备选要点等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
In China, cash gifts are traditinally given in real red envelpes during weddings and the Chinese New Year. The WeChat red envelpe was launched during the Chinese New Year with a stipulatin that the amunt shuld be less than 200 yuan. Figures frm Tencent Hldings Ltd. shw that during that festival perid, abut 8 millin users snapped up 40 millin red envelpes.
Fr example, if a persn in a WeChat grup f 10 sends 100 yuan as a gift and says anyne can have a maximum f 20 yuan, the first five t “grab” get the mney while the ther fur miss ut.
Red envelpes add a sense f atmsphere and strengthen interactin. The amunt everybdy gets culd be different, s it is funny t see the cmparisns.
The WeChat red envelpe is an innvative way fr peple t send greetings. It als gets peple int the habit f using WeChat payment, because yu need t link it t yur bank accunt.
Fr Internet cmpanies, functins such as WeChat payment are an imprtant part f the whle Internet ecsystem, as many ther functins such as hailing taxis r shpping are based n nline payment.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. 写出文章中表示“支付”的单词和短语。
cash, red envelpes, bank accunt, payment.
2. 写出文章中的优美句式。
In China, cash gifts are traditinally given in real red envelpes during weddings and the Chinese New Year.
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. permit vt. 允许, 准许 n. 许可, 准许; 许可证
【典型例句】
We d nt permit smking in the cinema.
我们不准在电影院里抽烟。
【词块必记】
(1)permit ding sth. 允许做某事
permit sb. t d sth. 允许某人做某事
time permitting如果时间允许
(2)permissinn. 许可, 允许
get/btain/ask ne’s permissin征得某人的同意/许可
ask fr permissin请求允许
give permissin给予许可
withut permissin未经许可
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I’ll cme after the meeting if time permits(permit).
②Nbdy can cme in withut permissin(permit).
③Students living in buildings that have kitchens are nly permitted t ck(ck) in the kitchen.
④They dn’t permit parking (park) here.
句式升级
⑤If time permits, we will g bating tmrrw.
→Time permitting, we will g bating tmrrw.
【写作金句】
Children are nt permitted t enter the cinema withut their parents. 没有家长带领, 孩子不准进入电影院。
2. rescue vt. & n. 拯救; 救援
【典型例句】
His father came t his rescue and lent him the mney.
他父亲救了他还借钱给他。
【词块必记】
rescue sb. /sth. frm. . . 从……拯救某人/某物
rescue wrkers救援人员
cme t ne’s rescue来救援某人
g t ne’s rescue去救援某人
make a rescue实施救援
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①What we must d is t rescue them frm danger at nce.
一句多译
我们来救他, 把他从河里拉出来。
②We rescued him and pulled him ut f the river. (rescue v. )
=We came t his rescue and pulled him ut f the river.
(rescue n. )
3. dnate vt. 捐赠; 赠送
【典型例句】
Mre than 100 men hurried t the scene t dnate their bld.
有100多人赶到现场献血。
【词块必记】
(1)dnate sth. t sb. 向某人捐献某物
dnate sth. t d sth. 为了做某事而捐赠某物
(2)dnatinn. 捐赠; 捐赠物; 捐款
give/make a dnatin t. . . 向……捐赠
make a dnatin t charity向慈善事业捐赠
(3)dnr n. 捐赠者, 赠送者
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I believed these dnated(dnate) bks will help yu enhance yur Chinese.
②They used t dnate large sums f mney t the Red Crss every year.
一句多译
③他以他母亲的名义给希望工程捐款。
He dnated mney t the Hpe Prject in the name f his mther. (dnate v. )
=He make a dnatin t the Hpe Prject in the name f his mther. (dnatin n. )
4. assist vt. & vi. 帮助, 协助
【典型例句】
A gd dictinary can assist yu t imprve yur English.
好词典能帮助你提高英语成绩。
【词块必记】
(1)assist sb. with sth. 在某方面给予某人帮助
assist sb. t d sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. in (ding) sth. 帮助某人(做)某事
(2)assistancen. 帮助, 协助
cme t ne’s assistance援助某人
with the assistance f在……的帮助下
(3)assistant n. 助手, 助理
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The plice will assist yu in finding her address.
②He will assist yu with yur prject.
③Emplyees are being ffered assistance(assist) in finding new jbs.
完成句子
④ Julia was assisting him t prepare his speech.
朱莉娅正在帮他准备演讲稿。
句式升级
⑤Can I be f any help?
→Can I be f any assistance?
5. cure vt. 治愈, 治疗; 解决n. 治愈, 痊愈; 措施
【典型例句】
Parents try t cure their children f bad habits.
父母努力改掉孩子们的坏习惯。
【词块必记】
cure sb. f. . . 治愈某人的……病; 改掉某人的……恶习
a cure fr对……的治疗方法; 解决……的措施
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Jack’s mther wanted t cure him f his bad habit f smking.
②Medical research may find a cure fr cancer.
【写作金句】
An unce f preventin is wrth a pund f cure.
预防为主, 治疗为辅。
Ⅱ. 核心短语
6. in advance 预先; 提前(ahead f time)
【典型例句】
It is a gd idea t place yur rder well in advance.
提前下单是个好主意。
【词块必记】
(1)in advance f 在……之前, 超过
n the advance(物价)在上涨
(2)advance n/twards/upn. . . 朝……前进
advancedadj. 先进的; 高等的; 晚期的
advancingadj. 发展前进中的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He advanced n me in a threatening manner.
②They have t have a basic understanding f cmputers in rder t use the advanced (advance) technlgy.
完成句子
③Galile’s ideas were well in advance f the age in which he lived. (advance n. )
伽利略的思想远远超越了他生活的时代。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
7. There is n dubt abut it. 关于这一点毫无疑问。
【典型例句】
I dubt whether he likes this bk.
我怀疑他是否喜欢这本书。
【句型公式】
There is n dubt abut. . . 毫无疑问……
There is n dubt that. . . 毫无疑问……
There is sme dubt whether. . . 是否……还有疑问。
【名师点津】dubt在肯定句中后面跟whether或if引导的宾语从句, 如果dubt是名词, 后面只能跟whether引导的同位语从句; 在疑问句或否定句中跟that引导的从句。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①There is n dubt abut Chinese gvernment’s ability t deal with sme emergencies.
②There is n dubt that keeping an English diary helps yu a lt with written English.
③There is sme dubt whether he can win the first prize.
完成句子
④There is n dubt that we did the right thing.
毫无疑问我们做得对。
8. Withut the breakthrughs f these pineers in science and technlgy, whether lucky r planned, the wrld as we knw it tday wuld have been a cmpletely different place. 无论是靠碰运气还是刻意努力的结果, 如果没有这些先驱者在科技上的突破, 我们今天所了解的世界将会是一个完全不同的地方。
【典型例句】
The little by wuld have fallen int the river, but a man caught him.
要不是那位男士抓住他, 那个小孩就掉进河里了。
【句型公式】
withut在本句中表示一个假设的条件, 后面的主句中用“wuld+have dne”表示对过去的虚拟。
含蓄虚拟语气: 假设的情况不用条件从句表达, 而是暗含在上下文中, 由therwise, but, r, withut, but fr 等来表达。与现在事实相反时, 主句的谓语动词用“wuld/culd/shuld+动词原形”构成。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①But fr yur kind help, I wuld nt have succeeded in passing the driving test.
要不是你的帮助, 我就不会通过驾照考试了。
②We human beings culd nt survive withut all the plants and animals arund us.
我们周围要是没有动植物, 人类就无法生存。
【文化金句】
But fr yur help, we culdn’t have succeeded.
要不是你的帮助, 我们是不会成功的。
【备选要点】
1. cnflict n. 战斗; 冲突; 争论; 抵触 vi. 冲突; 争执; 抵触
【典型例句】
Her husband ften cmes int cnflict with her, which makes her angry.
她丈夫经常与她吵架, 这使她很恼火。
【词块必记】
(2)cme int cnflict with 与……冲突/争执
be in cnflict with与……冲突/争执
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①All these actins by the USA cnflicted with the universally accepted internatinal laws.
②She fund herself in cnflict with her parents ver her future career.
完成句子
③It is reprted that sme wrkers n strike came int cnflict with the plice.
据报道, 在罢工中有些工人与警察发生了冲突。
2. crrespnd vi. 相一致; 符合; 通信
【典型例句】
Yur accunt f events des nt crrespnd with hers.
你对事情的陈述与她说的不相符。
【词块必记】
(1)crrespnd with sb. 和某人通信
crrespnd t/with sth. 与某物相一致, 相当于
(2)hld/keep up crrespndence with sb. 与某人(保持)通信联系
in crrespndence with与……一致; 与……有通信联系
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Have yu been crrespnding with him since yu graduated frm the university?
②He has kept up a crrespndence (crrespnd) with his friend fr ver a year nw.
完成句子
③It’s a cincidence that yur accunt f events crrespnds with hers.
真巧, 你说的情况和她说的一致。
3. assess vt. 评估; 评价
【典型例句】
It’s difficult t assess the effects f these changes. 这些变化带来的效果难以评估。
【词块必记】
(1)assess sth. at. . . 对……估价为……; 把……估算为
assess sth. /sb. as把某物/人评定为
(2)assessmentn. 评价; 评估; 评定
make an assessment (f) (对……)做出评估
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I wnder what’s Michael’s assessment (assess) f the situatin.
②The value f this prperty was assessed at ne millin dllars.
③The yung men were assessed as either safe r unsafe drivers.
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020•全国Ⅱ卷)He says it’s nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green, but he has n dubt abut it.
2. (2020·江苏高考)The daily number f newly cured(cure)and discharged (出院) patients exceeded that f the newly cnfirmed cases.
3. (2019·天津高考)With such mdels, scientists have fund ut sme key principles perating(perate) in fd webs.
4. (2018·天津高考)Meet utside f yur residence hall and wait fr further instructins(instruct).
5. (2018·北京高考)The main reasns we get angry are triggering(触发)events, persnality traits(特征), and ur assessment(assess) f situatins.
Ⅱ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
Due t the fact that David gave away sme secrets f Mary, they split up. N matter 1. what he did, she remained discnnected. David culdn’t feel any 2. wrse (bad). One f his 3. clleagues (clleague) decided t assist David with the matter. Meanwhile she hped t cure him 4. f his bad habits. Hwever, David 5. came (cme) int cnflict with her befre the issue was mentined. T get ut f 6. the dilemma, she 7. was instructed (instruct) t talk with him in advance. During the cnversatin, in the 8. presence (present) f Mary, David lked 9. wrn (wear) ut and admitted he was wrng 10. initially (initial). In cnclusin, he learnt that being t utspken smetimes cst smething.
Ⅲ. 短文改错
It can be seen frm the picture Mr Liu, wh wears a mask, was walking his dg. Interestingly, his dg which als wears a mask.
In recent year, air pllutin has becme mre and mre serius in sme areas, which have led t severe cnsequences. T slve this prblem, firstly f all, we shuld raise the public awareness f prtecting the envirnment. Secndly, the gvernment ught t punish the illegal acts as plluting the envirnment severe. Thirdly, we must d ur best t prtecting the envirnment in ur daily life. Only in this way can human beings and animals share a pleasant planet r live a happy life.
答案:
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C)
As data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn, the market is grwing fr bimetric(生物测量) technlgies—like fingerprint scans—t keep thers ut f private e-spaces. At present, these technlgies are still expensive, thugh.
Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device(装置) that gets arund this prblem: a smart keybard. This smart keybard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which ne types and the pressure fingers apply t each key. The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique t each persn. Thus, the keybard can determine peple’s identities, and by extensin, whether they shuld be given access t the cmputer it’s cnnected t—regardless f whether smene gets the passwrd right.
It als desn’t require a new type f technlgy that peple aren’t already familiar with. Everybdy uses a keybard and everybdy types differently.
In a study describing the technlgy, the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd “tuch” fur times using the smart keybard. Data cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw errr rates. The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘, 它既降低了网络空间用户的成本, 又给他们带来了安全。
1. Why d the researchers develp the smart keybard?
A. T reduce pressure n keys.
B. T imprve accuracy in typing.
C. T replace the passwrd system.
D. T cut the cst f e-space prtectin.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段的At present, these technlgies are still expensive, thugh. 和第二段的Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device that gets arund this prblem: a smart keybard. 可知, 研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低e-space保护的成本。故选D。
2. What makes the inventin f the smart keybard pssible?
A. Cmputers are much easier t perate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develp fast.
C. Typing patterns vary frm persn t persn.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的The keybard culd ffer. . . the keybard can determine peple’s identities可知, 每个人的打字方式不同, 这使得智能键盘能够识别人的身份。故选C。
3. What d the researchers expect f the smart keybard?
A. It’ll be envirnment-friendly.
B. It’ll reach cnsumers sn.
C. It’ll be made f plastics.
D. It’ll help speed up typing.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段的The team hpes t make it t market in the near future. 可知, 研究者们希望智能键盘能早日面世。故选B。
4. Where is this text mst likely frm?
A. A diary. B. A guidebk.
C. A nvel. D. A magazine.
【解析】选D。文章出处题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘, 它能给e-space用户带来安全, 由此可知, 本文是一篇关于科技的文章, 结合所给选项可知, 本文可能来自一本杂志。故选D。
【微技能点拨】 推测文章来源或读者对象
常见命题形式:
①The passage is prbably taken ut f ______.
②The passage wuld mst likely be fund in ______.
③Where des this text prbably cme frm?
解题策略如下:
1. 通读全文, 掌握文章大意;
2. 立足文章已知事实推断未知;
3. 以文章提供的事实和线索为依据合理推断, 不要脱离原文主观臆断。
本文第4题为文章出处题, 根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 通读全文, 从文章中归纳文章大意;
Step 2 已知事实: data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn; these technlgies are still expensive; Researchers frm Gergia Tech; In a study
Step 3 得出答案D。
【语用提能】
【微语法填空】
As data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn, the market is grwing fr bimetric technlgies t keep thers ut f private e-spaces. At present, these technlgies are still expensive, 1. .
Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme 2. __________ with a lw-cst device that gets arund this prblem: a smart keybard. This smart keybard 3. (precise) measures the cadence with which ne types and the pressure fingers apply t each key. The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user’s typing and the time between key presses.
It als desn’t require a new type f technlgy 4. peple aren’t already familiar with. Everybdy uses a keybard and everybdy types differently.
In a study 5. __________(describe) the technlgy, the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd “tuch” fur times using the smart keybard. Data 6. __________(cllect) frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw errr rates. The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f 7. __________(expensive), plastic-like parts. The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
1. 【解析】thugh。句意: 不过, 这些科技依然昂贵。thugh“不过, 然而”。
2. 【解析】up。cme up with“想出, 提出”。
3. 【解析】precisely。副词修饰后面的动词measures。
4. 【解析】that/which。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语, 指代先行词technlgy。
5. 【解析】describing。study与describe是主动关系, 故用动词-ing形式作定语。
6. 【解析】cllected。Data和cllect是被动关系, 故用过去分词作定语, 相当于which were cllected。
7. 【解析】inexpensive。和第一段中的内容相对照, 可知此处是用不贵的塑料材料, 故用其反义词。
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
假设你是一所中学的学生会主席李华, 你所在的城市将开展主题为“Let’s Ride Bicycles”的活动。请你写一份海报, 号召同学们积极参加。主要内容包括:
1. 目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题;
2. 骑自行车的益处, 如节能环保、有利健康等。
参考词汇: 低碳生活(lw-carbn life); 节能(energy-saving)
注意: 词数100左右。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 1 写作技巧
1. 词汇提升
①随着人们生活水平的提高
with the imprvement f peple’s living standards
②一种普遍的交通工具
a ppular means f transprt
③给……带来方便
bring cnvenience t. . .
④一方面……另一方面……
fr ne thing. . . fr anther. . .
⑤环保的 envirnmentally friendly
⑥而且 besides→what’s mre
⑦有益于 be gd fr →be beneficial t
而且, 骑自行车是我们锻炼身体的好方法, 对我们的健康有好处。
What’s mre, riding bicycles is a gd way fr us t exercise and it is beneficial t ur health.
2. 一句多译
汽车也造成了一些问题, 如空气污染和交通堵塞。
Cars have als caused sme prblems such as air pllutin and traffic jams.
→Cars have als resulted in sme prblems such as air pllutin and traffic jams. (result)
→Cars have als led t sme prblems such as air pllutin and traffic jams. (lead)
3. 句式升级
众所周知, 随着人们生活水平的提高, 汽车成为一种普遍的交通工具, 给我们的生活带来极大的方便。
With the imprvement f peple’s living standards, we knw that cars have becme a ppular means f transprt, and bring great cnvenience t ur life.
→As is knwn t us all, with the imprvement f peple’s living standards, cars have becme a ppular means f transprt, bringing great cnvenience t ur life.
Step 2 妙笔成篇
Let’s Ride Bicycles
As is knwn t us all, with the imprvement f peple’s living standards, cars have becme a ppular means f transprt, bringing great cnvenience t ur life. Hwever, they have als caused sme prblems such as air pllutin and traffic jams.
Hw can we slve the prblems then? As far as I’m cncerned, riding bicycles is a gd slutin.
Fr ne thing, bicycles dn’t need any petrl and they are energy-saving. Fr anther, bicycles are envirnmentally friendly because they wn’t give ff waste gas. What’s mre, riding bicycles is a gd way fr us t exercise and it is beneficial t ur health.
Therefre, let’s take the respnsibility t build up a lw-carbn city by riding bicycles.
Cme n and jin us!
Students’ Unin
Li Hua
【加固训练】阅读填句
During his 2009 TED Glbal talk, sund cnsultant Julian Treasure said there are fur majr ways that sund affects human. What d fire alarms, car nises and alarm clcks all have in cmmn? Their sund affects us physilgically (生理上地). 1 . Heart rate increases and breath quickens as the bdy prepares t fight a pssible threat r run fr survival. But a physilgical respnse t sund isn’t always upsetting. The rhythmic (有节奏的) frequency f cean waves rughly matches the rhythm f a sleeping persn’s breathing. 2 .
The secnd way sund affects us is psychlgical—it makes us feel. Have yu ever heard a piece f music that makes yu sad? Whether it’s a sad sng that brings tears t yur eyes r a funny sng that makes yu laugh, music can make us feel a range f emtins. 3 . When we hear the cmfrting singing f birds, we knw things are gd and safe.
4 . The brain tries t get meaning frm the wrds and sentences we hear. When yur mm, dad, and little brther are all talking at nce at the dinner table, the cmpeting vices make it hard t fcus. Our brains have a very small bandwidth fr prcessing auditry ( 听 觉 的 ) input, says Treasure. N wnder it’s annying when smene keeps talking during a mvie!
Finally, sund may cause behaviral changes. 5 . Peple tend t walk away frm lud r annying sunds and tward pleasant sunds.
Next time a fire engine screams past, birds start singing r yu hear a srrwful pp sng, stp, listen, and think abut the many ways sund influences yu.
A. Als, sund affects hw we think.
B. Bird sng als affects us psychlgically.
C. In ther wrds, they make ur bdies react.
D. Unpleasant sunds affect ur physical health.
E. In fact, sme music can put yu in a gd md .
F. Drivers wh listen t fat-paced music may speed up.
G. When we hear the cean rise and fall, the sund relaxes ur bdies.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了声音如何从生理上和心理上影响我们。
1. 【解析】选C。上文Their sund affects us physilgically. 说它们的声音在生理上影响我们。下文 Heart rate increases and breath quickens as the bdy prepares t fight a pssible threat r run fr survival. 说心跳加快, 呼吸加快, 因为身体准备对抗可能的威胁或为生存而奔跑。该空承上启下, C选项“换句话说, 它们使我们的身体做出反应。”切题, 故选C。
2. 【解析】选G。上文The rhythmic frequency f cean waves rughly matches the rhythm f a sleeping persn’s breathing . 说海浪有节奏的频率大致与睡觉的人的呼吸节奏一致。该空承接上文, G选项“当我们听到大海涨落的声音, 我们的身体就会得到放松。”切题, 故选G。
3. 【解析】选B。下文When we hear the cmfrting singing f birds, we knw things are gd and safe. 说当我们听到鸟儿惬意的歌唱, 我们知道事情是好的和安全的。该空引出下文, B选项“鸟儿的歌唱也在心理上影响我们”切题, 故选B。
4. 【解析】选A。第三段的意思是大脑试图从我们听到的单词和句子中获得意义。当你的妈妈、爸爸和弟弟在餐桌上同时说话时, 相互竞争的声音让你很难集中注意力。Treasure说, 我们的大脑处理听觉输入的带宽非常小。难怪有人在看电影时不停地说话很烦人! 所以这一段的标题应该是“此外, 声音影响我们的思维方式。”故选A。
5. 【解析】选F。上文Finally, sund may cause behaviral changes. 说最后, 声音可能导致行为变化。下文 Peple tend t walk away frm lud r annying sunds and tward pleasant sunds. 说人们倾向于远离嘈杂或恼人的声音, 而转向悦耳的声音。该空承上启下, F选项“听快节奏音乐的司机可能会加快车速。”切题, 故选F。话题词汇
identity, scan, precisely, extensin, cmmercialize
短语
cme up with, apply t, give access t, base n
熟词生义
straightfrward adj. 容易理解的, 简单的; 坦诚的, 直率的
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
In China, cash gifts are traditinally given in real red envelpes during weddings and the Chinese New Year. The WeChat red envelpe was launched during the Chinese New Year with a stipulatin that the amunt shuld be less than 200 yuan. Figures frm Tencent Hldings Ltd. shw that during that festival perid, abut 8 millin users snapped up 40 millin red envelpes.
Fr example, if a persn in a WeChat grup f 10 sends 100 yuan as a gift and says anyne can have a maximum f 20 yuan, the first five t “grab” get the mney while the ther fur miss ut.
Red envelpes add a sense f atmsphere and strengthen interactin. The amunt everybdy gets culd be different, s it is funny t see the cmparisns.
The WeChat red envelpe is an innvative way fr peple t send greetings. It als gets peple int the habit f using WeChat payment, because yu need t link it t yur bank accunt.
Fr Internet cmpanies, functins such as WeChat payment are an imprtant part f the whle Internet ecsystem, as many ther functins such as hailing taxis r shpping are based n nline payment.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. 写出文章中表示“支付”的单词和短语。
cash, red envelpes, bank accunt, payment.
2. 写出文章中的优美句式。
In China, cash gifts are traditinally given in real red envelpes during weddings and the Chinese New Year.
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. permit vt. 允许, 准许 n. 许可, 准许; 许可证
【典型例句】
We d nt permit smking in the cinema.
我们不准在电影院里抽烟。
【词块必记】
(1)permit ding sth. 允许做某事
permit sb. t d sth. 允许某人做某事
time permitting如果时间允许
(2)permissinn. 许可, 允许
get/btain/ask ne’s permissin征得某人的同意/许可
ask fr permissin请求允许
give permissin给予许可
withut permissin未经许可
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I’ll cme after the meeting if time permits(permit).
②Nbdy can cme in withut permissin(permit).
③Students living in buildings that have kitchens are nly permitted t ck(ck) in the kitchen.
④They dn’t permit parking (park) here.
句式升级
⑤If time permits, we will g bating tmrrw.
→Time permitting, we will g bating tmrrw.
【写作金句】
Children are nt permitted t enter the cinema withut their parents. 没有家长带领, 孩子不准进入电影院。
2. rescue vt. & n. 拯救; 救援
【典型例句】
His father came t his rescue and lent him the mney.
他父亲救了他还借钱给他。
【词块必记】
rescue sb. /sth. frm. . . 从……拯救某人/某物
rescue wrkers救援人员
cme t ne’s rescue来救援某人
g t ne’s rescue去救援某人
make a rescue实施救援
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①What we must d is t rescue them frm danger at nce.
一句多译
我们来救他, 把他从河里拉出来。
②We rescued him and pulled him ut f the river. (rescue v. )
=We came t his rescue and pulled him ut f the river.
(rescue n. )
3. dnate vt. 捐赠; 赠送
【典型例句】
Mre than 100 men hurried t the scene t dnate their bld.
有100多人赶到现场献血。
【词块必记】
(1)dnate sth. t sb. 向某人捐献某物
dnate sth. t d sth. 为了做某事而捐赠某物
(2)dnatinn. 捐赠; 捐赠物; 捐款
give/make a dnatin t. . . 向……捐赠
make a dnatin t charity向慈善事业捐赠
(3)dnr n. 捐赠者, 赠送者
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I believed these dnated(dnate) bks will help yu enhance yur Chinese.
②They used t dnate large sums f mney t the Red Crss every year.
一句多译
③他以他母亲的名义给希望工程捐款。
He dnated mney t the Hpe Prject in the name f his mther. (dnate v. )
=He make a dnatin t the Hpe Prject in the name f his mther. (dnatin n. )
4. assist vt. & vi. 帮助, 协助
【典型例句】
A gd dictinary can assist yu t imprve yur English.
好词典能帮助你提高英语成绩。
【词块必记】
(1)assist sb. with sth. 在某方面给予某人帮助
assist sb. t d sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. in (ding) sth. 帮助某人(做)某事
(2)assistancen. 帮助, 协助
cme t ne’s assistance援助某人
with the assistance f在……的帮助下
(3)assistant n. 助手, 助理
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The plice will assist yu in finding her address.
②He will assist yu with yur prject.
③Emplyees are being ffered assistance(assist) in finding new jbs.
完成句子
④ Julia was assisting him t prepare his speech.
朱莉娅正在帮他准备演讲稿。
句式升级
⑤Can I be f any help?
→Can I be f any assistance?
5. cure vt. 治愈, 治疗; 解决n. 治愈, 痊愈; 措施
【典型例句】
Parents try t cure their children f bad habits.
父母努力改掉孩子们的坏习惯。
【词块必记】
cure sb. f. . . 治愈某人的……病; 改掉某人的……恶习
a cure fr对……的治疗方法; 解决……的措施
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Jack’s mther wanted t cure him f his bad habit f smking.
②Medical research may find a cure fr cancer.
【写作金句】
An unce f preventin is wrth a pund f cure.
预防为主, 治疗为辅。
Ⅱ. 核心短语
6. in advance 预先; 提前(ahead f time)
【典型例句】
It is a gd idea t place yur rder well in advance.
提前下单是个好主意。
【词块必记】
(1)in advance f 在……之前, 超过
n the advance(物价)在上涨
(2)advance n/twards/upn. . . 朝……前进
advancedadj. 先进的; 高等的; 晚期的
advancingadj. 发展前进中的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He advanced n me in a threatening manner.
②They have t have a basic understanding f cmputers in rder t use the advanced (advance) technlgy.
完成句子
③Galile’s ideas were well in advance f the age in which he lived. (advance n. )
伽利略的思想远远超越了他生活的时代。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
7. There is n dubt abut it. 关于这一点毫无疑问。
【典型例句】
I dubt whether he likes this bk.
我怀疑他是否喜欢这本书。
【句型公式】
There is n dubt abut. . . 毫无疑问……
There is n dubt that. . . 毫无疑问……
There is sme dubt whether. . . 是否……还有疑问。
【名师点津】dubt在肯定句中后面跟whether或if引导的宾语从句, 如果dubt是名词, 后面只能跟whether引导的同位语从句; 在疑问句或否定句中跟that引导的从句。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①There is n dubt abut Chinese gvernment’s ability t deal with sme emergencies.
②There is n dubt that keeping an English diary helps yu a lt with written English.
③There is sme dubt whether he can win the first prize.
完成句子
④There is n dubt that we did the right thing.
毫无疑问我们做得对。
8. Withut the breakthrughs f these pineers in science and technlgy, whether lucky r planned, the wrld as we knw it tday wuld have been a cmpletely different place. 无论是靠碰运气还是刻意努力的结果, 如果没有这些先驱者在科技上的突破, 我们今天所了解的世界将会是一个完全不同的地方。
【典型例句】
The little by wuld have fallen int the river, but a man caught him.
要不是那位男士抓住他, 那个小孩就掉进河里了。
【句型公式】
withut在本句中表示一个假设的条件, 后面的主句中用“wuld+have dne”表示对过去的虚拟。
含蓄虚拟语气: 假设的情况不用条件从句表达, 而是暗含在上下文中, 由therwise, but, r, withut, but fr 等来表达。与现在事实相反时, 主句的谓语动词用“wuld/culd/shuld+动词原形”构成。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①But fr yur kind help, I wuld nt have succeeded in passing the driving test.
要不是你的帮助, 我就不会通过驾照考试了。
②We human beings culd nt survive withut all the plants and animals arund us.
我们周围要是没有动植物, 人类就无法生存。
【文化金句】
But fr yur help, we culdn’t have succeeded.
要不是你的帮助, 我们是不会成功的。
【备选要点】
1. cnflict n. 战斗; 冲突; 争论; 抵触 vi. 冲突; 争执; 抵触
【典型例句】
Her husband ften cmes int cnflict with her, which makes her angry.
她丈夫经常与她吵架, 这使她很恼火。
【词块必记】
(2)cme int cnflict with 与……冲突/争执
be in cnflict with与……冲突/争执
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①All these actins by the USA cnflicted with the universally accepted internatinal laws.
②She fund herself in cnflict with her parents ver her future career.
完成句子
③It is reprted that sme wrkers n strike came int cnflict with the plice.
据报道, 在罢工中有些工人与警察发生了冲突。
2. crrespnd vi. 相一致; 符合; 通信
【典型例句】
Yur accunt f events des nt crrespnd with hers.
你对事情的陈述与她说的不相符。
【词块必记】
(1)crrespnd with sb. 和某人通信
crrespnd t/with sth. 与某物相一致, 相当于
(2)hld/keep up crrespndence with sb. 与某人(保持)通信联系
in crrespndence with与……一致; 与……有通信联系
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Have yu been crrespnding with him since yu graduated frm the university?
②He has kept up a crrespndence (crrespnd) with his friend fr ver a year nw.
完成句子
③It’s a cincidence that yur accunt f events crrespnds with hers.
真巧, 你说的情况和她说的一致。
3. assess vt. 评估; 评价
【典型例句】
It’s difficult t assess the effects f these changes. 这些变化带来的效果难以评估。
【词块必记】
(1)assess sth. at. . . 对……估价为……; 把……估算为
assess sth. /sb. as把某物/人评定为
(2)assessmentn. 评价; 评估; 评定
make an assessment (f) (对……)做出评估
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I wnder what’s Michael’s assessment (assess) f the situatin.
②The value f this prperty was assessed at ne millin dllars.
③The yung men were assessed as either safe r unsafe drivers.
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020•全国Ⅱ卷)He says it’s nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green, but he has n dubt abut it.
2. (2020·江苏高考)The daily number f newly cured(cure)and discharged (出院) patients exceeded that f the newly cnfirmed cases.
3. (2019·天津高考)With such mdels, scientists have fund ut sme key principles perating(perate) in fd webs.
4. (2018·天津高考)Meet utside f yur residence hall and wait fr further instructins(instruct).
5. (2018·北京高考)The main reasns we get angry are triggering(触发)events, persnality traits(特征), and ur assessment(assess) f situatins.
Ⅱ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)
Due t the fact that David gave away sme secrets f Mary, they split up. N matter 1. what he did, she remained discnnected. David culdn’t feel any 2. wrse (bad). One f his 3. clleagues (clleague) decided t assist David with the matter. Meanwhile she hped t cure him 4. f his bad habits. Hwever, David 5. came (cme) int cnflict with her befre the issue was mentined. T get ut f 6. the dilemma, she 7. was instructed (instruct) t talk with him in advance. During the cnversatin, in the 8. presence (present) f Mary, David lked 9. wrn (wear) ut and admitted he was wrng 10. initially (initial). In cnclusin, he learnt that being t utspken smetimes cst smething.
Ⅲ. 短文改错
It can be seen frm the picture Mr Liu, wh wears a mask, was walking his dg. Interestingly, his dg which als wears a mask.
In recent year, air pllutin has becme mre and mre serius in sme areas, which have led t severe cnsequences. T slve this prblem, firstly f all, we shuld raise the public awareness f prtecting the envirnment. Secndly, the gvernment ught t punish the illegal acts as plluting the envirnment severe. Thirdly, we must d ur best t prtecting the envirnment in ur daily life. Only in this way can human beings and animals share a pleasant planet r live a happy life.
答案:
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C)
As data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn, the market is grwing fr bimetric(生物测量) technlgies—like fingerprint scans—t keep thers ut f private e-spaces. At present, these technlgies are still expensive, thugh.
Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device(装置) that gets arund this prblem: a smart keybard. This smart keybard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which ne types and the pressure fingers apply t each key. The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique t each persn. Thus, the keybard can determine peple’s identities, and by extensin, whether they shuld be given access t the cmputer it’s cnnected t—regardless f whether smene gets the passwrd right.
It als desn’t require a new type f technlgy that peple aren’t already familiar with. Everybdy uses a keybard and everybdy types differently.
In a study describing the technlgy, the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd “tuch” fur times using the smart keybard. Data cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw errr rates. The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘, 它既降低了网络空间用户的成本, 又给他们带来了安全。
1. Why d the researchers develp the smart keybard?
A. T reduce pressure n keys.
B. T imprve accuracy in typing.
C. T replace the passwrd system.
D. T cut the cst f e-space prtectin.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段的At present, these technlgies are still expensive, thugh. 和第二段的Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device that gets arund this prblem: a smart keybard. 可知, 研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低e-space保护的成本。故选D。
2. What makes the inventin f the smart keybard pssible?
A. Cmputers are much easier t perate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develp fast.
C. Typing patterns vary frm persn t persn.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的The keybard culd ffer. . . the keybard can determine peple’s identities可知, 每个人的打字方式不同, 这使得智能键盘能够识别人的身份。故选C。
3. What d the researchers expect f the smart keybard?
A. It’ll be envirnment-friendly.
B. It’ll reach cnsumers sn.
C. It’ll be made f plastics.
D. It’ll help speed up typing.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段的The team hpes t make it t market in the near future. 可知, 研究者们希望智能键盘能早日面世。故选B。
4. Where is this text mst likely frm?
A. A diary. B. A guidebk.
C. A nvel. D. A magazine.
【解析】选D。文章出处题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘, 它能给e-space用户带来安全, 由此可知, 本文是一篇关于科技的文章, 结合所给选项可知, 本文可能来自一本杂志。故选D。
【微技能点拨】 推测文章来源或读者对象
常见命题形式:
①The passage is prbably taken ut f ______.
②The passage wuld mst likely be fund in ______.
③Where des this text prbably cme frm?
解题策略如下:
1. 通读全文, 掌握文章大意;
2. 立足文章已知事实推断未知;
3. 以文章提供的事实和线索为依据合理推断, 不要脱离原文主观臆断。
本文第4题为文章出处题, 根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 通读全文, 从文章中归纳文章大意;
Step 2 已知事实: data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn; these technlgies are still expensive; Researchers frm Gergia Tech; In a study
Step 3 得出答案D。
【语用提能】
【微语法填空】
As data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn, the market is grwing fr bimetric technlgies t keep thers ut f private e-spaces. At present, these technlgies are still expensive, 1. .
Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme 2. __________ with a lw-cst device that gets arund this prblem: a smart keybard. This smart keybard 3. (precise) measures the cadence with which ne types and the pressure fingers apply t each key. The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user’s typing and the time between key presses.
It als desn’t require a new type f technlgy 4. peple aren’t already familiar with. Everybdy uses a keybard and everybdy types differently.
In a study 5. __________(describe) the technlgy, the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd “tuch” fur times using the smart keybard. Data 6. __________(cllect) frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw errr rates. The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f 7. __________(expensive), plastic-like parts. The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
1. 【解析】thugh。句意: 不过, 这些科技依然昂贵。thugh“不过, 然而”。
2. 【解析】up。cme up with“想出, 提出”。
3. 【解析】precisely。副词修饰后面的动词measures。
4. 【解析】that/which。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语, 指代先行词technlgy。
5. 【解析】describing。study与describe是主动关系, 故用动词-ing形式作定语。
6. 【解析】cllected。Data和cllect是被动关系, 故用过去分词作定语, 相当于which were cllected。
7. 【解析】inexpensive。和第一段中的内容相对照, 可知此处是用不贵的塑料材料, 故用其反义词。
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
假设你是一所中学的学生会主席李华, 你所在的城市将开展主题为“Let’s Ride Bicycles”的活动。请你写一份海报, 号召同学们积极参加。主要内容包括:
1. 目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题;
2. 骑自行车的益处, 如节能环保、有利健康等。
参考词汇: 低碳生活(lw-carbn life); 节能(energy-saving)
注意: 词数100左右。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 1 写作技巧
1. 词汇提升
①随着人们生活水平的提高
with the imprvement f peple’s living standards
②一种普遍的交通工具
a ppular means f transprt
③给……带来方便
bring cnvenience t. . .
④一方面……另一方面……
fr ne thing. . . fr anther. . .
⑤环保的 envirnmentally friendly
⑥而且 besides→what’s mre
⑦有益于 be gd fr →be beneficial t
而且, 骑自行车是我们锻炼身体的好方法, 对我们的健康有好处。
What’s mre, riding bicycles is a gd way fr us t exercise and it is beneficial t ur health.
2. 一句多译
汽车也造成了一些问题, 如空气污染和交通堵塞。
Cars have als caused sme prblems such as air pllutin and traffic jams.
→Cars have als resulted in sme prblems such as air pllutin and traffic jams. (result)
→Cars have als led t sme prblems such as air pllutin and traffic jams. (lead)
3. 句式升级
众所周知, 随着人们生活水平的提高, 汽车成为一种普遍的交通工具, 给我们的生活带来极大的方便。
With the imprvement f peple’s living standards, we knw that cars have becme a ppular means f transprt, and bring great cnvenience t ur life.
→As is knwn t us all, with the imprvement f peple’s living standards, cars have becme a ppular means f transprt, bringing great cnvenience t ur life.
Step 2 妙笔成篇
Let’s Ride Bicycles
As is knwn t us all, with the imprvement f peple’s living standards, cars have becme a ppular means f transprt, bringing great cnvenience t ur life. Hwever, they have als caused sme prblems such as air pllutin and traffic jams.
Hw can we slve the prblems then? As far as I’m cncerned, riding bicycles is a gd slutin.
Fr ne thing, bicycles dn’t need any petrl and they are energy-saving. Fr anther, bicycles are envirnmentally friendly because they wn’t give ff waste gas. What’s mre, riding bicycles is a gd way fr us t exercise and it is beneficial t ur health.
Therefre, let’s take the respnsibility t build up a lw-carbn city by riding bicycles.
Cme n and jin us!
Students’ Unin
Li Hua
【加固训练】阅读填句
During his 2009 TED Glbal talk, sund cnsultant Julian Treasure said there are fur majr ways that sund affects human. What d fire alarms, car nises and alarm clcks all have in cmmn? Their sund affects us physilgically (生理上地). 1 . Heart rate increases and breath quickens as the bdy prepares t fight a pssible threat r run fr survival. But a physilgical respnse t sund isn’t always upsetting. The rhythmic (有节奏的) frequency f cean waves rughly matches the rhythm f a sleeping persn’s breathing. 2 .
The secnd way sund affects us is psychlgical—it makes us feel. Have yu ever heard a piece f music that makes yu sad? Whether it’s a sad sng that brings tears t yur eyes r a funny sng that makes yu laugh, music can make us feel a range f emtins. 3 . When we hear the cmfrting singing f birds, we knw things are gd and safe.
4 . The brain tries t get meaning frm the wrds and sentences we hear. When yur mm, dad, and little brther are all talking at nce at the dinner table, the cmpeting vices make it hard t fcus. Our brains have a very small bandwidth fr prcessing auditry ( 听 觉 的 ) input, says Treasure. N wnder it’s annying when smene keeps talking during a mvie!
Finally, sund may cause behaviral changes. 5 . Peple tend t walk away frm lud r annying sunds and tward pleasant sunds.
Next time a fire engine screams past, birds start singing r yu hear a srrwful pp sng, stp, listen, and think abut the many ways sund influences yu.
A. Als, sund affects hw we think.
B. Bird sng als affects us psychlgically.
C. In ther wrds, they make ur bdies react.
D. Unpleasant sunds affect ur physical health.
E. In fact, sme music can put yu in a gd md .
F. Drivers wh listen t fat-paced music may speed up.
G. When we hear the cean rise and fall, the sund relaxes ur bdies.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了声音如何从生理上和心理上影响我们。
1. 【解析】选C。上文Their sund affects us physilgically. 说它们的声音在生理上影响我们。下文 Heart rate increases and breath quickens as the bdy prepares t fight a pssible threat r run fr survival. 说心跳加快, 呼吸加快, 因为身体准备对抗可能的威胁或为生存而奔跑。该空承上启下, C选项“换句话说, 它们使我们的身体做出反应。”切题, 故选C。
2. 【解析】选G。上文The rhythmic frequency f cean waves rughly matches the rhythm f a sleeping persn’s breathing . 说海浪有节奏的频率大致与睡觉的人的呼吸节奏一致。该空承接上文, G选项“当我们听到大海涨落的声音, 我们的身体就会得到放松。”切题, 故选G。
3. 【解析】选B。下文When we hear the cmfrting singing f birds, we knw things are gd and safe. 说当我们听到鸟儿惬意的歌唱, 我们知道事情是好的和安全的。该空引出下文, B选项“鸟儿的歌唱也在心理上影响我们”切题, 故选B。
4. 【解析】选A。第三段的意思是大脑试图从我们听到的单词和句子中获得意义。当你的妈妈、爸爸和弟弟在餐桌上同时说话时, 相互竞争的声音让你很难集中注意力。Treasure说, 我们的大脑处理听觉输入的带宽非常小。难怪有人在看电影时不停地说话很烦人! 所以这一段的标题应该是“此外, 声音影响我们的思维方式。”故选A。
5. 【解析】选F。上文Finally, sund may cause behaviral changes. 说最后, 声音可能导致行为变化。下文 Peple tend t walk away frm lud r annying sunds and tward pleasant sunds. 说人们倾向于远离嘈杂或恼人的声音, 而转向悦耳的声音。该空承上启下, F选项“听快节奏音乐的司机可能会加快车速。”切题, 故选F。话题词汇
identity, scan, precisely, extensin, cmmercialize
短语
cme up with, apply t, give access t, base n
熟词生义
straightfrward adj. 容易理解的, 简单的; 坦诚的, 直率的
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