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这是一份统考版2022届高考英语一轮复习必修1Unit2Heroes课时提能练含解析北师大版20210218216学案，共15页。学案主要包含了语篇解读，干扰项分析等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·开封市一模)I'm Amanda Grman.I've been crazy abut writing petry since third grade.After plishing up my skills fr abut a decade and having judges review my petry and vides f my perfrmances，I was named the cuntry's Yuth Pet Laureate in 2017.I've read my wrk at the Library f Cngress.It's been an excellent jurney especially since I used t have truble saying half f the alphabet.
My twin sister Sarah and I were brn very prematurely，which led t lts f ear infectins.I didn't have as much luck as Sarah and the ear infectins left me with a severe hearing prblem，making it difficult t understand speech，which caused me t develp a speech impediment(障碍)．My sister wuld have t translate when I spke because peple had n idea what I was saying.Writing wasn't just fun；it was a way t have my vice heard and t stp me frm feeling pity fr my disability.And I was determined t read my petry in frnt f audiences.
Our single mm culdn't always affrd medical help.Smetimes she had t chse：Shall I put fd n the table r make sure Amanda can say this wrd? When we culdn't pay，I'd spend abut an hur a day recrding my talking and crrecting the mistakes again and again.But petry was a cnstant.I didn't need expensive materials t train myself t be better at that.
At age 20，I still suffer frm selfdubt，but I have gt a necklace which my grandmther gave me.When I'm nervus befre perfrming，I hld it and say，“I am the daughter f black writers wh fught fr their freedm，brke their chains and changed the wrld.”And usually after saying that，I'm ready t g.
【语篇解读】 Amanda Grman因为早产而有听力方面的问题和随之导致的语言障碍，但她从小酷爱写诗，并一直坚持，在2017年获得了“青年桂冠诗人”的称号。
1．Why was the visit t the Library f Cngress special fr Amanda?
A．Because she received a big award after the visit.
B．Because she was inspired t write petry there.
C．Because she did sme reading fr the audience.
D．Because she succeeded in saying the alphabet there.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“I've read my wrk at the Library f Cngress.It's been an excellent jurney especially since I used t have truble saying half f the alphabet”可知，国会图书馆之行对于Amanda来说很特别是因为她在那里朗读了自己的作品，故选C。]
2．Hw is Sarah different frm Amanda?
A．Sarah is physically healthier.
B．Sarah finds writing much mre fun.
C．Sarah likes public speaking a lt mre.
D．Sarah didn't have ear infectins as a baby.
A [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I didn't have as much luck as Sarah”和“My sister wuld have t translate”可推知，Sarah的身体状况要比Amanda好，故A项正确。]
3．What did Amanda think f her mm?
A．Her mm didn't like setting the table.
B．Her mm struggled t supprt the family.
C．Her mm shwed little cncern fr her.
D．Her mm was gd at crrecting her mistakes.
B [细节理解题。 根据第三段第一、二句“Our single mm culdn't always affrd medical this wrd”可知，Amanda的母亲辛苦养家，故B项正确。]
4．What can we knw abut Amanda frm the last paragraph?
A．She's a black wman.
B．She's always cnfident.
C．She has many necklaces.
D．She aims t change the wrld.
A [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“I am the daughter f black writers”可知，Amanda是一个黑人，故选A。]
B
(2020·湖北省部分重点中学第一次联考)Having an lder brther r sister cmes with plenty f benefits.Big brthers and sisters tend t lk ut fr their yunger siblings，and despite the ccasinal rcky mments，many siblings have lifelng clse relatinships.Hwever，a new study finds the interesting dwnside：children with lder brthers take lnger when it cmes t develping language skills.
The study，cnducted by a grup f researchers in Paris，France，builds n the earlier research that had already established that having lder siblings is assciated with pr linguistic (语言的)develpment.Nw，researchers say they have cme t a mre specific cnclusin：nly children with lder brthers exhibit these linguistic difficulties.
One wuld assume that children with lder brthers wuld grw up arund mre cnversatin n a daily basis，thus speeding up their language develpment.Yet researchers say such children actually take lnger than their lder brthers t begin develping these skills.
Researchers studied mre than 1,000 children frm their birth t the age f five and a half years ld.Each child's language skills were tested at ages 2,3，and 5.5，using tests specially designed t measure numerus aspects f language develpment such as vcabulary，syntax(句法)，and verbal reasning.
What the research team discvered was significant：children with lder brthers had，n average，a twmnth delay in their language develpment cmpared t children with lder sisters.
When explaining this phenmenn，researchers have prpsed tw hyptheses(假设)．The first hypthesis is that lder sisters tend t talk mre ften than lder brthers，which wuld make up fr parents ptentially being less present than they were fr their first child.The secnd is that lder sisters usually cmpete with their siblings less than lder brthers fr their parents' lve.
S far，the study's authrs say they can't say fr certain why children with lder brthers have a harder time develping language skills.In the future they wuld like t investigate if cultures r lcatins impact the results f the study.
【语篇解读】 有一个哥哥或姐姐有很多益处，哥哥和姐姐倾向于照顾他们的弟弟妹妹，但一项新的研究发现，有哥哥的孩子的语言能力发展比较慢。
5．Peple may enjy having brthers and sisters because ________.
A．siblings may affect the speed f language learning
B．they share the happy mments n rcky muntains
C．lder brthers and sisters will take care f yunger nes
D．all siblings will stay clse t each ther n matter what happens
C [推理判断题。根据第一段第二句中的“Big brthers and sisters tend t lk ut fr their yunger siblings”可知，哥哥和姐姐往往会照顾他们的弟弟、妹妹，由此可推知，很多人可能喜欢有哥哥、姐姐，是因为哥哥、姐姐们会照顾弟弟、妹妹。故选C。]
【干扰项分析】 根据文章第一段最后一句的表述可知，一项新的研究表明拥有哥哥的孩子，语言能力发展需要更久的时间，这是有哥哥不好的一面，不应该是人们喜欢有哥哥的原因，故排除A项；根据第一段第二句中的“despite the ccasinal rcky mments，many siblings have lifelng clse relatinships”可知，尽管偶尔会有关系难以维持的时刻，但许多兄弟姐妹一生都保持着亲密的关系，故B、D两项表述错误。
6．What des the previus research suggest abut having lder siblings?
A．Many children prefer having brthers and sisters.
B．It will affect the yunger ne's language develpment.
C．Older brthers may have smething t d with the linguistic difficulties.
D．Children with lder brthers wuld grw up arund mre cnversatin n a daily basis.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“the earlier research that had already established that having lder siblings is assciated with pr linguistic(语言的)develpment”可知，之前的研究表明，有哥哥姐姐与语言能力发展不良有关。故选B。]
7．Why d children with lder brthers experience the delay in language develpment?
A．Prbably because lder brthers are eager fr mre attentin.
B．Prbably because parents tend t fcus mre n the first child.
C．Prbably because children with lder brthers are usually less cmpetitive.
D．Prbably because lder sisters get less lve frm their parents cmpared t lder brthers.
A [推理判断题。根据第六段第三句“The secnd is that lder sisters usually cmpete with their siblings less than lder brthers fr their parents' lve”可知，对于有哥哥的孩子语言能力发展比有姐姐的慢这个现象的原因，研究人员提出的第二个假设是，为了得到父母的爱，姐姐们通常比哥哥们更少地与弟弟妹妹竞争。由此可推知，哥哥们渴望得到更多的关注。故选A。]
8．Which ne is the best title fr the passage?
A．Having lder siblings：a gd thing r a disaster?
B．The delay f yur children's language develpment
C．Why d children suffer frm pr language skills?
D．Older brthers may affect yunger nes in language learning
D [标题判断题。文章主要讲述了一项新的研究发现——有哥哥的孩子的语言能力发展要比有姐姐的孩子慢。文章第一段介绍了该研究的发现，第二至第七段详细介绍了该研究的过程、发现及对这种现象发生原因的假设，故D项最适合作本文标题。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·湖北八校第一次联考)Last Sunday，there was n dirt in the air，nly bright spring sunshine and a clear blue sky.In the afternn，Papa headed ut t the field t check n the cattle while Mama started cleaning the huse.Faye and I played in the yard.The temperature suddenly drpped—it felt gd.The __1__ had been building since dawn.
Then Mama shuted frm the __2__ ，“Iris，yu and Faye get inside quickly nw！”
I lked t the west and saw a huge clud f black __3__，like thick smke frm a railway engine's chimney.All the birds flew away.“Faye，g with Mama！” I__4__.“I'll warn Papa.”
Faye ran tward the huse.The sandstrm hit s fast that I __5__saw her climb the prch(门廊)steps.In a shrt time，the day turned int night.I__6__ fr Papa，hping my vice wuld lead him back.
The dirt and sand stung my face like a thusand bees.I needed t get t a shelter.__7__ my face with ne hand，I made my way tward the car and pened the dr.Dirt flew in with me as I pulled the dr clsed.Papa was still ut there! I needed t help him__8__ the car.
I searched the dashbard(仪表板)and fund the switch fr the frnt __9__.They made sme rays，but wuld Papa see them in the thick __10__ ? I pushed the hrn(喇叭)again and again，hping Papa wuld hear it.
__11__，Papa's face appeared at the windw.My heart jumped with surprise and__12__ .He pened the dr and climbed nt the seat next t me.He cughed and wiped his eyes with dirty hands，then pulled me int his arms.“Oh，Iris，yu're __13__ .”
I hugged Papa and __14__.I culd feel the tears streaming dwn my dirty cheeks.Papa__15__my face and asked，“Yur mther and Faye？” I said，“They are in the huse.”Papa ndded，“Gd.We'll wait ut the sandstrm here.”Papa shut ff the car's lights and I wrried the dirt wuld __16__ us.
Finally，the wind died dwn and the dust started t __17__.Papa kicked against the dr，pening it far enugh t let us ut.We went hme as Mama __18__ ut.“Mama！” I shuted and ran int her arms.“Oh，my precius Iris！” Mama cried.“Yu and Papa are safe！”
“I'm safe __19__ Iris，”Papa said.“The car's hrn led me t the shelter.”
“I'm s prud f yu，”Mama said t me.
I cried even mre then，but the tears I shed were tears f jy because ur family had __20__ the hrrible sandstrm.
【语篇解读】 一个晴朗的春日下午，作者的父亲去牧场查看牛的情况，母亲开始打扫房子，作者和妹妹在院子里玩耍。这时气温骤降，一场沙尘暴将至，作者让妹妹到屋里去和妈妈在一起，自己则去提醒父亲。接着，作者找到自家的车，把前车灯打开，并一遍遍地按喇叭，最终父亲听到喇叭声回到了车里。最后，一家人平安地渡过了沙尘暴。
1．A.sand B．thunder
C．heat D．snw
C [根据前一句“The temperature suddenly drpped—it felt gd”和语境可推知，从黎明开始气温一直在上升。]
2．A.schl B．huse
C．field D．car
B [根据上文中的“Mama started cleaning the huse”和本句中的“Iris，yu and Faye get inside quickly nw！”可推知，当时妈妈正在打扫房子，她应该是从屋里喊在院子里玩耍的Iris和Faye，让她们进屋里。]
3．A.fg B．gas
C．steam D．dust
D [根据本句中的“like thick smke frm a railway engine's chimney”，并与下文中的“The dirt and sand stung my face like a thusand bees”呼应可推知，作者当时朝西边看，看到一大团黑色的灰尘。]
4．A.stated B．cmplained
C．suggested D．shuted
D [根据语境以及“Faye，g with Mama！”并与上文中的“Then Mama shuted”呼应可推知，作者看到一大团黑色的灰尘，察觉到不对劲，就大声对妹妹说话，让妹妹进屋里和妈妈待在一起。]
5．A.hardly B．cnstantly
C．really D．surprisingly
A [根据本句中的“The sandstrm hit s fast”可知，沙尘暴来得很快，以至于作者几乎看不见妹妹爬门廊前的台阶。]
6．A.screamed B．waited
C．lked D．searched
A [根据本句中的“hping my vice wuld lead him back”可推知，作者当时应是大声喊她的爸爸。]
7．A.CleaningB．Tuching
C．Cvering D．Rubbing
C [根据上文中的“The dirt and sand stung my face like a thusand bees”可推知，当时沙尘暴很恶劣，作者应是用一只手遮着自己的脸，朝车走去。]
8．A.fix B．find
C．recgnize D．drive
B [根据前一句“Papa was still ut there！”可知，爸爸不在车里，因此作者需要帮助他在沙尘暴中找到自己所待的这辆车。]
9．A.lights B．handles
C．wheels D．windws
A [根据空后的“They made sme rays”，并结合本句中的“I searched the dashbard(仪表板)”可推知，作者搜寻仪表板，找到了前车灯的开关，这也与下文中的“Papa shut ff the car's lights”呼应。]
10．A.smke B．darkness
C．frest D．atmsphere
B [根据上文中的“In a shrt time，the day turned int night”可推知，作者虽然把前车灯打开了，但是不确定在沙尘暴所造成的昏天暗地中父亲是否能看到灯光。]
11．A.Curiusly B．Disappintedly
C．Suddenly D．Unexpectedly
C [根据下文中的“My heart jumped with surprise”可推知，在作者想办法让父亲找到车时，父亲的脸突然出现在车窗上，这让作者大吃一惊，同时也感到宽慰(relief)。]
12．A.relief B．warmth
C．excitement D．bravery
A [参见上题解析。]
13．A.handsme B．cautius
C．safe D．impressive
C [根据前一句中的“pulled me int his arms”和下文中的“Yu and Papa are safe！”以及语境可推知，在沙尘暴这种恶劣的环境下，作者的父亲担心作者的安全，因此到车里后，感慨道作者是平安的。]
14．A.smiled B．whispered
C．relaxed D．cried
D [根据空后一句“I culd feel the tears streaming dwn my dirty cheeks”可推知，作者当时抱着父亲哭了。]
15．A.glared at B．lked at
C．swept ver D．reached fr
B [根据语境可知，父亲确定作者安全之后，看着作者的脸询问母亲和妹妹的状况。]
16．A.bury B．leave
C．hurt D．pisn
A [根据语境可知，当时沙尘暴很大，而且昏天暗地，所以，当父亲关掉车灯后，作者担心灰尘会把他们遮盖住。]
17．A.spread B．multiply
C．settle D．duble
C [根据本句中的“Finally，the wind died dwn”可知，终于风力逐渐减弱，沙土开始平静下来(settle)。]
18．A.walked B．slipped
C．laughed D．dashed
D [根据下文中的“I shuted and ran int her arms”和“Yu and Papa are safe！”可推知，妈妈很担心作者和作者的父亲，因此当他们回到家时，妈妈正从家里冲出来。]
19．A.rather than B．apart frm
C．thanks t D．ther than
C [根据后一句“The car's hrn led me t the shelter”和下文中的“I'm s prud f yu”可推知，作者的父亲对作者的母亲说多亏了作者他才能安全地回来。]
20．A.survivedB．defeated
C．experienced D．caused
A [根据语境可知，作者听到妈妈的赞扬后哭得更厉害了，但作者流下的泪水是喜悦的泪水，因为他们一家人经历了这次可怕的沙尘暴却安全无恙。]
课时提能练(四)
必修1 Unit 2 Heres(B)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·北京市高考适应性测试)Grwing up，Deka Ismail says she let labels define what she culd be.“I was a black girl，frm a refugee (难民) family，” Deka said.“It was as if I was nly allwed t explre in this predetermined bx.”
After a high schl chemistry class inspired her t think abut a career in science and gave her cnfidence in the field，Deka learned t live utside labels and began making big plans fr her future.Nw she is abut t begin her freshman year at the University f Califrnia，planning t becme a prfessr.
Brn and raised in San Dieg's City Heights neighburhd，Deka is the daughter f a Smali refugee cuple.While sme might say Deka's success happened in spite f her backgrund，she wuld say differently，that her experiences shaped her and inspired her t be the driven，yung scientist that she is tday.
When Deka was eight years ld，her mther gt a jb by studying hard back in schl in rder t supprt the whle family.That made Deka realize that educatin culd make a difference t ne's life.She spent a lt f time in the library reading bks，and didn't d many f the things her peers did，like partying r having rmantic relatinships.
“I always felt like I had t be the perfect girl fr my family，” Deka said. “Yu have t nt even d yur best but tw times better than everyne else.I felt like the whle wrld was waiting fr me t mess up.”
Deka's effrts paid ff.The summer befre her senir year f high schl，she was accepted t the American Chemical Sciety Prject SEED Prgramme.“She brught bth enthusiasm and fcus，” Btham，a researcher at this research institute，recalled.“She arrived every day ready t wrk，ready t learn and ready t tackle new challenges regardless f whether r nt she had dne anything similar.”
When asked what advice she wuld give t thers like her，Deka warned them nt t underestimate themselves.“Dn't tell yurself that the schlarship is t big r this prgramme is t cmpetitive r I'll never get int this schl，” she said.“I was nt sure whether I culd make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rlling in.”
【语篇解读】 Deka是一个出生在难民家庭里的黑人女孩，8岁时受母亲的影响意识到了知识的重要性，从此树立了梦想。高中化学课激起了她对科学的兴趣，增强了她的自信心。通过努力她最终取得了成就。
1．Frm the passage，we can learn that ________.
A．Deka was adpted by a refugee family
B．Deka spent a lt f time ging t parties
C．Deka became a prfessr after graduatin
D．Deka's experiences drve her t wrk hard
D [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ wuld say differently，that her experiences shaped her and inspired her t be the driven，yung scientist that she is tday.”可知，她的经历激励着她成为今天这样一个有干劲的年轻科学家，故D项正确。]
2．Deka realized the imprtance f educatin ________.
A．frm her mther's experience
B．after her chemistry class
C．by reading bks in the library
D．thrugh wrking at the institute
A [细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，在Deka 8岁时，她的母亲为养活全家，通过重返校园学习获得了一份工作，这让Deka意识到教育能对一个人的生活有影响，故A项正确。]
3．Accrding t the last paragraph，Deka advised that students be ________.
A．patient B．cnfident
C．ambitiusD．generus
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中Deka的告诫语(不要低估自己，不要告诉自己奖学金目标太高远，或这个计划太有竞争力，也不要告诉自己永远进不了这个学校)可推知，她建议学生要有自信，故B项正确。]
4．What des the stry intend t tell us?
A．Life is nt all rses.
B．Practice makes perfect.
C．Well begun is half dne.
D．Hard wrk leads t success.
D [写作意图题。本文主要讲述了黑人女孩努力奋斗最终成功的故事，由此可知，本文旨在告诉我们努力可以带来成功，故D项正确。]
B
(2020·广州市高三年级阶段训练题)Let's begin with the stry：King Hier cntracts the ancient Greek plymath Archimedes (阿基米德) t detect fraud in the manufacture f a glden crwn.Archimedes accepts the challenge and，during a subsequent trip t the public baths，realizes that the mre his bdy sinks int the water，the mre water is displaced—making the displaced water an exact measure f his vlume.Realizing he has hit upn a methd t determine whether the King's crwn was made f gld r silver，the yung Greek leaps ut f the bath and rushes hme naked crying “ Eureka! Eureka! ” Or，translated: “I've fund it ! I've fund it ! ”
T bad，hwever，Archimedes prbably never uttered the wrd in that way.
First and fremst，Archimedes himself never wrte abut this episde，althugh he spent plenty f time detailing the laws f buyancy (浮力)．The ldest authrity fr the nakedArchimedes eureka stry is Vitruvius，a Rman writer，wh included the tale in his intrductin t his ninth bk f architecture.“ Vitruvius may have gtten it wrng，” says Chris Schmitt，a mathematician and a selfdescribed Archimedes' fan.“The methd attributed t Archimedes in the stry wrks in thery s it sunds right，but when yu actually try it，yu find that the real wrld gets in the way.”
In fact，Schmitt is ne f a lng line f scientists，including Galile，wh have read the accunt and thught，“That can't be right.” As Galile wrte，Archimedes culd have achieved a far mre precise result using his wn law f buyancy and an accurate scale.In fact，the surface tensin (表面张力) f water can make the vlume f a light bject like a crwn immeasurable.“There may be sme truth t it，” Schmitt adds.“Archimedes did measure the vlume f things but the eureka mment was maybe due t his riginal discvery cncerning buyancy，nt abut sitting in the bathtub and then running thrugh the streets naked.”
Much like Newtn's apple，the exclamatin persists because f the enduring pwer f the stry: a glden crwn，a life being in the balance，a naked mathematician.The_suspect_fundatins_f_the_eureka_mment_take_nthing_
away_frm_the_wrd's_ability_t_uniquely_and_cncisely_cnvey_the_flash_f_
inspiratin.
【语篇解读】 阿基米德在浴室中发现浮力定律的故事广为流传，但根据科学家的发现，该故事应该不是真实的。
5．Accrding t the first paragraph，hw wuld Archimedes measure the vlume f the crwn?
A．He wuld weigh himself with and withut the crwn.
B．He wuld weigh the crwn first and then put it int water.
C．He wuld g t the public baths wearing the crwn n his head.
D．He wuld make the crwn sink int water and measure the water displaced.
D [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“making the displaced water an exact measure f his vlume”可推知，阿基米德会将王冠沉到水里面，然后通过排水量来测量王冠的体积，故选D。]
6．What did Galile prbably think f the nakedArchimedes eureka stry?
A．He believed the wrd “eureka” was said in anther situatin.
B．He suspected Archimedes didn't run thrugh the street naked.
C．He dubted Archimedes carried ut the experiment independently.
D．He thught Archimedes wuld nt have used the methd described.
D [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As Galile wrte，Archimedes culd have achieved a far mre precise result using his wn law f buyancy and an accurate scale”可推知，伽利略认为，阿基米德能用其他方法得到一个更为精确的结果，而非浴室故事所描述的方法，故选D。]
7．What can be inferred frm the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?
A．The wrd “eureka” is still widely used tday.
B．The wrd “eureka” is nw a frmal scientific term.
C．Mst peple accept the authenticity f the riginal stry.
D．Peple are still inspired by the achievements f Archimedes.
A [推理判断题。根据画线句子的句意“eureka时刻的不可信的根据丝毫没有减弱这个词独特、简明地表达灵感闪现的能力”可推知，eureka这个词直到今天仍被广泛使用，故选A。]
8．What is the purpse f this text?
A．T intrduce the famus scientist Archimedes.
B．T examine the credibility f the eureka stry.
C．T explain hw the wrd “eureka” was created.
D．T urge peple nt t use the wrd “eureka” anymre.
B [写作目的题。作者在第一段用广为人知的阿基米德在浴室发现浮力定律的故事来引出话题，第二段接着表明了论点“Archimedes prbably never uttered the wrd in that way”，第三段和第四段的内容支撑了该论点，最后一段进行了总结，所以B项正确。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2020·湖北省部分重点中学第一次联考)Bund by manners and cmmn curtesy(礼貌)，yu can find it difficult t walk away frm a cnversatin withut seeming rude.With the help f etiquette(礼节)experts，we have sme slutins t yur scial scares.Next time yu feel trapped，remember these tips.
__1__
N，this mve desn't have t invlve thrwing ne f yur friends under the bus.Yu can intrduce yur cnversatinal partner t an individual with a cmmn interest r quality and hpe that they like each ther.Accrding t etiquette expert Jdi Smith，“The simplest way t leave smene wh is ccupying yur time at a party is t pull smene else int the cnversatin.__2__”
Tell the peple yu've enjyed speaking with them.
If yur acquaintance can't tell that yu're eager t leave，try summarizing yur cnversatin in the hpe that yur exchange will cme t a natural end.Accrding t Jennifer Grant，a certified Etiquette Cach，yu can plitely say，“Beverly，I have enjyed speaking with yu very much and if yu will excuse me，I have just seen a clleague/friend that I need t speak with.”__3__It's simple enugh t have gd manners，which is why yu shuld stp making these etiquette mistakes by age 30.
__4__
If yu're speaking with smene at a party r netwrking event，yu can suggest activities t yur cnversatinal partner.__5__Or ask，“Have yu seen the ballrm dwnstairs yet? I was dwn there earlier and it was s festive(欢乐的)．Yu shuld g t take a lk！”This methd f ending a cnversatin will wrk best at events with many interactive elements，such as wedding parties r cnventins.
A．Try t find anther tpic.
B．Suggest an activity t the ther persn.
C．This is a slutin t all yur prblems.
D．Bring smene else int the cnversatin.
E．After a brief intrductin f bth speakers，yu are free t excuse yurself.
F．A farewell such as this ne will make the ther persn feel appreciated and respected.
G．Fr example，say，“Hey，yu shuld g t try the pudding in the kitchen—they're delicius！”
【语篇解读】 在社会交往中，我们需要注重礼仪，因此不失礼貌地从一个谈话中脱身有一定的难度；文章就此给出了相应的建议。
1．D [根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的小标题。通读该段内容可知，该段表述的是通过把另一个人拉进你们的谈话中来摆脱正在与你谈话的人。这与D项“让其他人参与到谈话中来”表述一致。故选D。]
2．E [根据空前一句可知，在聚会上，要想离开占用你时间的人，最简单的方法就是把其他人拉进谈话中，据此可推知，E项表述的“你可以简单地介绍谈话双方，之后你就可以离开了”与此处匹配。]
3．F [空前一句表述的是如何在表达自己很享受与对方的谈话之后，寻找理由客气地请求离开。这与F项中的“A farewell such as this ne”表述连贯、一致。故选F。]
4．B [空处为该段的小标题。根据该段第一句中的“yu can suggest activities t yur cnversatinal partner”(你可以向你的谈话对象建议一些活动)以及该段给出的例子可知，该段讲述的是你可以向对方推荐一项活动，这样你就可以从中脱身离开。故选B。]
5．G [根据空前的“yu can suggest activities t yur cnversatinal partner”以及空后的“Or ask”可知，该空与后面一句是作者列举的两个向与你谈话的人推荐可以做的事情的例子。故G项与此处匹配，衔接上下文。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·广州市调研测试)We all knw clean water is imprtant fr gd health.But nw we als knw we shuld watch 1.________ we keep ur water in.Plastic bttles hardened with a dangerus material 2.________(call) BPA can release a chemical int ur water that harms ur bdies.Since 2001，many cuntries 3._______(ban) plastic with BPA frm，use in fd cntainers and feed in bttles.But are ther nnBPA plastics safe?
Plastic labeled BPAfree might use ther chemicals that have 4.________ (harm) effects n (study) have shwn that lw levels f thse chemicals might have the same effects as BPA.S，what shuld peple d? The 6.________ (gd) material t drink frm is glass，7.________has n chemicals that can pisn water.
Anther gd chice 8.________a water cntainer is a stainless steel (不锈钢) bttle.Stainless steel bttles are better than aluminum (铝) bttles，which are cvered with thin plastic 9.________(prtect) the metal frm acids (酸)．There are many gd fdgrade stainless steel water bttles n the market.
If yu d decide t use a reusable plastic water bttle，avid 10.________(keep) it in the sun.Sunlight and ht liquid speed up the release f chemicals int yur drinking water.
【语篇解读】 用BPA硬化而成的塑料瓶在存放水时会释放一种对身体有害的化学物质，一些标明不含BPA的塑料也可能使用了对健康有害的其他化学物质。存放水的最佳材料是玻璃，不锈钢也是不错的选择。
1．what [考查宾语从句。根据下文中的“Plastic bttles”可知，此处表示我们现在还知道应该留意存放水的地方。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作介词in的宾语，表示“……的事物”，故用what引导该宾语从句。]
2．called [考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，a dangerus material和动词call之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用call的过去分词形式。]
3．have banned [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“Since 2011”可知，该句应用现在完成时，又因主语many cuntries为复数，故填have banned。]
4．harmful [考查形容词。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词effects，故用harm的形容词形式harmful。]
5．Studies [考查名词的单复数。根据该句中的“have shwn”可知，该句主语应为复数，且此处study作“研究，调查”讲，是可数名词，故用study的复数形式。]
6．best [考查形容词的最高级。上文介绍了两种对身体有害的塑料存水容器，结合该句中的“The”并根据语境可知，此处表示用来喝水的最好的材料是玻璃。故用形容词的最高级形式。]
7．which [考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为glass，故用which引导该从句。]
8．fr/as/f [考查介词。根据本句句意可知，此处可表示用途，故用fr或者as；此处也可以表示“关于”，故用f。]
9．t prtect [考查动词不定式。句意：不锈钢瓶比铝瓶好，铝瓶上覆盖着薄薄的塑料以保护金属不被酸腐蚀。空处表示目的，故用动词不定式。]
10．keeping [考查动名词。avid ding sth.为固定用法，意为“避免做某事”。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2020·安徽省示范高中名校上学期联考)Li Ming is a friend f mine.I'm glad he changed greatly in the past tw years.I clearly remember he was quite fat tw years befre.He gt tired s easy that he culdn't take exercise，that made him very upset.Later，he realized unless he went n like that，he wuld end up achieve nthing.S he made up his minds t make a change.He went running every mrning and played the basketball every afternn.Besides，he fllwed a diet f mre vegetables r less meat.Gradually he began t lse weight.He is nw an energetic by in gd health.S when faced with prblems，we shuld vercme it with great determinatin and strng willpwer.
[答案]
Li Ming is a friend f mine.I'm glad he eq \(\s\up7(∧),\s\d5(has)) changed greatly in the past tw years.I clearly remember he was quite fat tw years eq \f(befre,ag).He gt tired s eq \f(easy,easily) that he culdn't take exercise，eq \(\s\up7(∧),\s\d5(and))或eq \f(that,which) made him very upset.Later，he realized eq \f(unless,if) he went n like that，he wuld end up eq \f(achieve,achieving) nthing.S he made up his eq \f(minds,mind) t make a change.He went running every mrning and played eq \(the,＼) basketball every afternn.Besides，he fllwed a diet f mre vegetables eq \f(r,and) less meat. Gradually he began t lse weight.He is nw an energetic by in gd health.S when faced with prblems，we shuld vercme eq \f(it,them) with great determinatin and strng willpwer.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·开封市一模)I'm Amanda Grman.I've been crazy abut writing petry since third grade.After plishing up my skills fr abut a decade and having judges review my petry and vides f my perfrmances，I was named the cuntry's Yuth Pet Laureate in 2017.I've read my wrk at the Library f Cngress.It's been an excellent jurney especially since I used t have truble saying half f the alphabet.
My twin sister Sarah and I were brn very prematurely，which led t lts f ear infectins.I didn't have as much luck as Sarah and the ear infectins left me with a severe hearing prblem，making it difficult t understand speech，which caused me t develp a speech impediment(障碍)．My sister wuld have t translate when I spke because peple had n idea what I was saying.Writing wasn't just fun；it was a way t have my vice heard and t stp me frm feeling pity fr my disability.And I was determined t read my petry in frnt f audiences.
Our single mm culdn't always affrd medical help.Smetimes she had t chse：Shall I put fd n the table r make sure Amanda can say this wrd? When we culdn't pay，I'd spend abut an hur a day recrding my talking and crrecting the mistakes again and again.But petry was a cnstant.I didn't need expensive materials t train myself t be better at that.
At age 20，I still suffer frm selfdubt，but I have gt a necklace which my grandmther gave me.When I'm nervus befre perfrming，I hld it and say，“I am the daughter f black writers wh fught fr their freedm，brke their chains and changed the wrld.”And usually after saying that，I'm ready t g.
【语篇解读】 Amanda Grman因为早产而有听力方面的问题和随之导致的语言障碍，但她从小酷爱写诗，并一直坚持，在2017年获得了“青年桂冠诗人”的称号。
1．Why was the visit t the Library f Cngress special fr Amanda?
A．Because she received a big award after the visit.
B．Because she was inspired t write petry there.
C．Because she did sme reading fr the audience.
D．Because she succeeded in saying the alphabet there.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“I've read my wrk at the Library f Cngress.It's been an excellent jurney especially since I used t have truble saying half f the alphabet”可知，国会图书馆之行对于Amanda来说很特别是因为她在那里朗读了自己的作品，故选C。]
2．Hw is Sarah different frm Amanda?
A．Sarah is physically healthier.
B．Sarah finds writing much mre fun.
C．Sarah likes public speaking a lt mre.
D．Sarah didn't have ear infectins as a baby.
A [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I didn't have as much luck as Sarah”和“My sister wuld have t translate”可推知，Sarah的身体状况要比Amanda好，故A项正确。]
3．What did Amanda think f her mm?
A．Her mm didn't like setting the table.
B．Her mm struggled t supprt the family.
C．Her mm shwed little cncern fr her.
D．Her mm was gd at crrecting her mistakes.
B [细节理解题。 根据第三段第一、二句“Our single mm culdn't always affrd medical this wrd”可知，Amanda的母亲辛苦养家，故B项正确。]
4．What can we knw abut Amanda frm the last paragraph?
A．She's a black wman.
B．She's always cnfident.
C．She has many necklaces.
D．She aims t change the wrld.
A [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“I am the daughter f black writers”可知，Amanda是一个黑人，故选A。]
B
(2020·湖北省部分重点中学第一次联考)Having an lder brther r sister cmes with plenty f benefits.Big brthers and sisters tend t lk ut fr their yunger siblings，and despite the ccasinal rcky mments，many siblings have lifelng clse relatinships.Hwever，a new study finds the interesting dwnside：children with lder brthers take lnger when it cmes t develping language skills.
The study，cnducted by a grup f researchers in Paris，France，builds n the earlier research that had already established that having lder siblings is assciated with pr linguistic (语言的)develpment.Nw，researchers say they have cme t a mre specific cnclusin：nly children with lder brthers exhibit these linguistic difficulties.
One wuld assume that children with lder brthers wuld grw up arund mre cnversatin n a daily basis，thus speeding up their language develpment.Yet researchers say such children actually take lnger than their lder brthers t begin develping these skills.
Researchers studied mre than 1,000 children frm their birth t the age f five and a half years ld.Each child's language skills were tested at ages 2,3，and 5.5，using tests specially designed t measure numerus aspects f language develpment such as vcabulary，syntax(句法)，and verbal reasning.
What the research team discvered was significant：children with lder brthers had，n average，a twmnth delay in their language develpment cmpared t children with lder sisters.
When explaining this phenmenn，researchers have prpsed tw hyptheses(假设)．The first hypthesis is that lder sisters tend t talk mre ften than lder brthers，which wuld make up fr parents ptentially being less present than they were fr their first child.The secnd is that lder sisters usually cmpete with their siblings less than lder brthers fr their parents' lve.
S far，the study's authrs say they can't say fr certain why children with lder brthers have a harder time develping language skills.In the future they wuld like t investigate if cultures r lcatins impact the results f the study.
【语篇解读】 有一个哥哥或姐姐有很多益处，哥哥和姐姐倾向于照顾他们的弟弟妹妹，但一项新的研究发现，有哥哥的孩子的语言能力发展比较慢。
5．Peple may enjy having brthers and sisters because ________.
A．siblings may affect the speed f language learning
B．they share the happy mments n rcky muntains
C．lder brthers and sisters will take care f yunger nes
D．all siblings will stay clse t each ther n matter what happens
C [推理判断题。根据第一段第二句中的“Big brthers and sisters tend t lk ut fr their yunger siblings”可知，哥哥和姐姐往往会照顾他们的弟弟、妹妹，由此可推知，很多人可能喜欢有哥哥、姐姐，是因为哥哥、姐姐们会照顾弟弟、妹妹。故选C。]
【干扰项分析】 根据文章第一段最后一句的表述可知，一项新的研究表明拥有哥哥的孩子，语言能力发展需要更久的时间，这是有哥哥不好的一面，不应该是人们喜欢有哥哥的原因，故排除A项；根据第一段第二句中的“despite the ccasinal rcky mments，many siblings have lifelng clse relatinships”可知，尽管偶尔会有关系难以维持的时刻，但许多兄弟姐妹一生都保持着亲密的关系，故B、D两项表述错误。
6．What des the previus research suggest abut having lder siblings?
A．Many children prefer having brthers and sisters.
B．It will affect the yunger ne's language develpment.
C．Older brthers may have smething t d with the linguistic difficulties.
D．Children with lder brthers wuld grw up arund mre cnversatin n a daily basis.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“the earlier research that had already established that having lder siblings is assciated with pr linguistic(语言的)develpment”可知，之前的研究表明，有哥哥姐姐与语言能力发展不良有关。故选B。]
7．Why d children with lder brthers experience the delay in language develpment?
A．Prbably because lder brthers are eager fr mre attentin.
B．Prbably because parents tend t fcus mre n the first child.
C．Prbably because children with lder brthers are usually less cmpetitive.
D．Prbably because lder sisters get less lve frm their parents cmpared t lder brthers.
A [推理判断题。根据第六段第三句“The secnd is that lder sisters usually cmpete with their siblings less than lder brthers fr their parents' lve”可知，对于有哥哥的孩子语言能力发展比有姐姐的慢这个现象的原因，研究人员提出的第二个假设是，为了得到父母的爱，姐姐们通常比哥哥们更少地与弟弟妹妹竞争。由此可推知，哥哥们渴望得到更多的关注。故选A。]
8．Which ne is the best title fr the passage?
A．Having lder siblings：a gd thing r a disaster?
B．The delay f yur children's language develpment
C．Why d children suffer frm pr language skills?
D．Older brthers may affect yunger nes in language learning
D [标题判断题。文章主要讲述了一项新的研究发现——有哥哥的孩子的语言能力发展要比有姐姐的孩子慢。文章第一段介绍了该研究的发现，第二至第七段详细介绍了该研究的过程、发现及对这种现象发生原因的假设，故D项最适合作本文标题。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·湖北八校第一次联考)Last Sunday，there was n dirt in the air，nly bright spring sunshine and a clear blue sky.In the afternn，Papa headed ut t the field t check n the cattle while Mama started cleaning the huse.Faye and I played in the yard.The temperature suddenly drpped—it felt gd.The __1__ had been building since dawn.
Then Mama shuted frm the __2__ ，“Iris，yu and Faye get inside quickly nw！”
I lked t the west and saw a huge clud f black __3__，like thick smke frm a railway engine's chimney.All the birds flew away.“Faye，g with Mama！” I__4__.“I'll warn Papa.”
Faye ran tward the huse.The sandstrm hit s fast that I __5__saw her climb the prch(门廊)steps.In a shrt time，the day turned int night.I__6__ fr Papa，hping my vice wuld lead him back.
The dirt and sand stung my face like a thusand bees.I needed t get t a shelter.__7__ my face with ne hand，I made my way tward the car and pened the dr.Dirt flew in with me as I pulled the dr clsed.Papa was still ut there! I needed t help him__8__ the car.
I searched the dashbard(仪表板)and fund the switch fr the frnt __9__.They made sme rays，but wuld Papa see them in the thick __10__ ? I pushed the hrn(喇叭)again and again，hping Papa wuld hear it.
__11__，Papa's face appeared at the windw.My heart jumped with surprise and__12__ .He pened the dr and climbed nt the seat next t me.He cughed and wiped his eyes with dirty hands，then pulled me int his arms.“Oh，Iris，yu're __13__ .”
I hugged Papa and __14__.I culd feel the tears streaming dwn my dirty cheeks.Papa__15__my face and asked，“Yur mther and Faye？” I said，“They are in the huse.”Papa ndded，“Gd.We'll wait ut the sandstrm here.”Papa shut ff the car's lights and I wrried the dirt wuld __16__ us.
Finally，the wind died dwn and the dust started t __17__.Papa kicked against the dr，pening it far enugh t let us ut.We went hme as Mama __18__ ut.“Mama！” I shuted and ran int her arms.“Oh，my precius Iris！” Mama cried.“Yu and Papa are safe！”
“I'm safe __19__ Iris，”Papa said.“The car's hrn led me t the shelter.”
“I'm s prud f yu，”Mama said t me.
I cried even mre then，but the tears I shed were tears f jy because ur family had __20__ the hrrible sandstrm.
【语篇解读】 一个晴朗的春日下午，作者的父亲去牧场查看牛的情况，母亲开始打扫房子，作者和妹妹在院子里玩耍。这时气温骤降，一场沙尘暴将至，作者让妹妹到屋里去和妈妈在一起，自己则去提醒父亲。接着，作者找到自家的车，把前车灯打开，并一遍遍地按喇叭，最终父亲听到喇叭声回到了车里。最后，一家人平安地渡过了沙尘暴。
1．A.sand B．thunder
C．heat D．snw
C [根据前一句“The temperature suddenly drpped—it felt gd”和语境可推知，从黎明开始气温一直在上升。]
2．A.schl B．huse
C．field D．car
B [根据上文中的“Mama started cleaning the huse”和本句中的“Iris，yu and Faye get inside quickly nw！”可推知，当时妈妈正在打扫房子，她应该是从屋里喊在院子里玩耍的Iris和Faye，让她们进屋里。]
3．A.fg B．gas
C．steam D．dust
D [根据本句中的“like thick smke frm a railway engine's chimney”，并与下文中的“The dirt and sand stung my face like a thusand bees”呼应可推知，作者当时朝西边看，看到一大团黑色的灰尘。]
4．A.stated B．cmplained
C．suggested D．shuted
D [根据语境以及“Faye，g with Mama！”并与上文中的“Then Mama shuted”呼应可推知，作者看到一大团黑色的灰尘，察觉到不对劲，就大声对妹妹说话，让妹妹进屋里和妈妈待在一起。]
5．A.hardly B．cnstantly
C．really D．surprisingly
A [根据本句中的“The sandstrm hit s fast”可知，沙尘暴来得很快，以至于作者几乎看不见妹妹爬门廊前的台阶。]
6．A.screamed B．waited
C．lked D．searched
A [根据本句中的“hping my vice wuld lead him back”可推知，作者当时应是大声喊她的爸爸。]
7．A.CleaningB．Tuching
C．Cvering D．Rubbing
C [根据上文中的“The dirt and sand stung my face like a thusand bees”可推知，当时沙尘暴很恶劣，作者应是用一只手遮着自己的脸，朝车走去。]
8．A.fix B．find
C．recgnize D．drive
B [根据前一句“Papa was still ut there！”可知，爸爸不在车里，因此作者需要帮助他在沙尘暴中找到自己所待的这辆车。]
9．A.lights B．handles
C．wheels D．windws
A [根据空后的“They made sme rays”，并结合本句中的“I searched the dashbard(仪表板)”可推知，作者搜寻仪表板，找到了前车灯的开关，这也与下文中的“Papa shut ff the car's lights”呼应。]
10．A.smke B．darkness
C．frest D．atmsphere
B [根据上文中的“In a shrt time，the day turned int night”可推知，作者虽然把前车灯打开了，但是不确定在沙尘暴所造成的昏天暗地中父亲是否能看到灯光。]
11．A.Curiusly B．Disappintedly
C．Suddenly D．Unexpectedly
C [根据下文中的“My heart jumped with surprise”可推知，在作者想办法让父亲找到车时，父亲的脸突然出现在车窗上，这让作者大吃一惊，同时也感到宽慰(relief)。]
12．A.relief B．warmth
C．excitement D．bravery
A [参见上题解析。]
13．A.handsme B．cautius
C．safe D．impressive
C [根据前一句中的“pulled me int his arms”和下文中的“Yu and Papa are safe！”以及语境可推知，在沙尘暴这种恶劣的环境下，作者的父亲担心作者的安全，因此到车里后，感慨道作者是平安的。]
14．A.smiled B．whispered
C．relaxed D．cried
D [根据空后一句“I culd feel the tears streaming dwn my dirty cheeks”可推知，作者当时抱着父亲哭了。]
15．A.glared at B．lked at
C．swept ver D．reached fr
B [根据语境可知，父亲确定作者安全之后，看着作者的脸询问母亲和妹妹的状况。]
16．A.bury B．leave
C．hurt D．pisn
A [根据语境可知，当时沙尘暴很大，而且昏天暗地，所以，当父亲关掉车灯后，作者担心灰尘会把他们遮盖住。]
17．A.spread B．multiply
C．settle D．duble
C [根据本句中的“Finally，the wind died dwn”可知，终于风力逐渐减弱，沙土开始平静下来(settle)。]
18．A.walked B．slipped
C．laughed D．dashed
D [根据下文中的“I shuted and ran int her arms”和“Yu and Papa are safe！”可推知，妈妈很担心作者和作者的父亲，因此当他们回到家时，妈妈正从家里冲出来。]
19．A.rather than B．apart frm
C．thanks t D．ther than
C [根据后一句“The car's hrn led me t the shelter”和下文中的“I'm s prud f yu”可推知，作者的父亲对作者的母亲说多亏了作者他才能安全地回来。]
20．A.survivedB．defeated
C．experienced D．caused
A [根据语境可知，作者听到妈妈的赞扬后哭得更厉害了，但作者流下的泪水是喜悦的泪水，因为他们一家人经历了这次可怕的沙尘暴却安全无恙。]
课时提能练(四)
必修1 Unit 2 Heres(B)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·北京市高考适应性测试)Grwing up，Deka Ismail says she let labels define what she culd be.“I was a black girl，frm a refugee (难民) family，” Deka said.“It was as if I was nly allwed t explre in this predetermined bx.”
After a high schl chemistry class inspired her t think abut a career in science and gave her cnfidence in the field，Deka learned t live utside labels and began making big plans fr her future.Nw she is abut t begin her freshman year at the University f Califrnia，planning t becme a prfessr.
Brn and raised in San Dieg's City Heights neighburhd，Deka is the daughter f a Smali refugee cuple.While sme might say Deka's success happened in spite f her backgrund，she wuld say differently，that her experiences shaped her and inspired her t be the driven，yung scientist that she is tday.
When Deka was eight years ld，her mther gt a jb by studying hard back in schl in rder t supprt the whle family.That made Deka realize that educatin culd make a difference t ne's life.She spent a lt f time in the library reading bks，and didn't d many f the things her peers did，like partying r having rmantic relatinships.
“I always felt like I had t be the perfect girl fr my family，” Deka said. “Yu have t nt even d yur best but tw times better than everyne else.I felt like the whle wrld was waiting fr me t mess up.”
Deka's effrts paid ff.The summer befre her senir year f high schl，she was accepted t the American Chemical Sciety Prject SEED Prgramme.“She brught bth enthusiasm and fcus，” Btham，a researcher at this research institute，recalled.“She arrived every day ready t wrk，ready t learn and ready t tackle new challenges regardless f whether r nt she had dne anything similar.”
When asked what advice she wuld give t thers like her，Deka warned them nt t underestimate themselves.“Dn't tell yurself that the schlarship is t big r this prgramme is t cmpetitive r I'll never get int this schl，” she said.“I was nt sure whether I culd make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rlling in.”
【语篇解读】 Deka是一个出生在难民家庭里的黑人女孩，8岁时受母亲的影响意识到了知识的重要性，从此树立了梦想。高中化学课激起了她对科学的兴趣，增强了她的自信心。通过努力她最终取得了成就。
1．Frm the passage，we can learn that ________.
A．Deka was adpted by a refugee family
B．Deka spent a lt f time ging t parties
C．Deka became a prfessr after graduatin
D．Deka's experiences drve her t wrk hard
D [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ wuld say differently，that her experiences shaped her and inspired her t be the driven，yung scientist that she is tday.”可知，她的经历激励着她成为今天这样一个有干劲的年轻科学家，故D项正确。]
2．Deka realized the imprtance f educatin ________.
A．frm her mther's experience
B．after her chemistry class
C．by reading bks in the library
D．thrugh wrking at the institute
A [细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，在Deka 8岁时，她的母亲为养活全家，通过重返校园学习获得了一份工作，这让Deka意识到教育能对一个人的生活有影响，故A项正确。]
3．Accrding t the last paragraph，Deka advised that students be ________.
A．patient B．cnfident
C．ambitiusD．generus
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中Deka的告诫语(不要低估自己，不要告诉自己奖学金目标太高远，或这个计划太有竞争力，也不要告诉自己永远进不了这个学校)可推知，她建议学生要有自信，故B项正确。]
4．What des the stry intend t tell us?
A．Life is nt all rses.
B．Practice makes perfect.
C．Well begun is half dne.
D．Hard wrk leads t success.
D [写作意图题。本文主要讲述了黑人女孩努力奋斗最终成功的故事，由此可知，本文旨在告诉我们努力可以带来成功，故D项正确。]
B
(2020·广州市高三年级阶段训练题)Let's begin with the stry：King Hier cntracts the ancient Greek plymath Archimedes (阿基米德) t detect fraud in the manufacture f a glden crwn.Archimedes accepts the challenge and，during a subsequent trip t the public baths，realizes that the mre his bdy sinks int the water，the mre water is displaced—making the displaced water an exact measure f his vlume.Realizing he has hit upn a methd t determine whether the King's crwn was made f gld r silver，the yung Greek leaps ut f the bath and rushes hme naked crying “ Eureka! Eureka! ” Or，translated: “I've fund it ! I've fund it ! ”
T bad，hwever，Archimedes prbably never uttered the wrd in that way.
First and fremst，Archimedes himself never wrte abut this episde，althugh he spent plenty f time detailing the laws f buyancy (浮力)．The ldest authrity fr the nakedArchimedes eureka stry is Vitruvius，a Rman writer，wh included the tale in his intrductin t his ninth bk f architecture.“ Vitruvius may have gtten it wrng，” says Chris Schmitt，a mathematician and a selfdescribed Archimedes' fan.“The methd attributed t Archimedes in the stry wrks in thery s it sunds right，but when yu actually try it，yu find that the real wrld gets in the way.”
In fact，Schmitt is ne f a lng line f scientists，including Galile，wh have read the accunt and thught，“That can't be right.” As Galile wrte，Archimedes culd have achieved a far mre precise result using his wn law f buyancy and an accurate scale.In fact，the surface tensin (表面张力) f water can make the vlume f a light bject like a crwn immeasurable.“There may be sme truth t it，” Schmitt adds.“Archimedes did measure the vlume f things but the eureka mment was maybe due t his riginal discvery cncerning buyancy，nt abut sitting in the bathtub and then running thrugh the streets naked.”
Much like Newtn's apple，the exclamatin persists because f the enduring pwer f the stry: a glden crwn，a life being in the balance，a naked mathematician.The_suspect_fundatins_f_the_eureka_mment_take_nthing_
away_frm_the_wrd's_ability_t_uniquely_and_cncisely_cnvey_the_flash_f_
inspiratin.
【语篇解读】 阿基米德在浴室中发现浮力定律的故事广为流传，但根据科学家的发现，该故事应该不是真实的。
5．Accrding t the first paragraph，hw wuld Archimedes measure the vlume f the crwn?
A．He wuld weigh himself with and withut the crwn.
B．He wuld weigh the crwn first and then put it int water.
C．He wuld g t the public baths wearing the crwn n his head.
D．He wuld make the crwn sink int water and measure the water displaced.
D [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“making the displaced water an exact measure f his vlume”可推知，阿基米德会将王冠沉到水里面，然后通过排水量来测量王冠的体积，故选D。]
6．What did Galile prbably think f the nakedArchimedes eureka stry?
A．He believed the wrd “eureka” was said in anther situatin.
B．He suspected Archimedes didn't run thrugh the street naked.
C．He dubted Archimedes carried ut the experiment independently.
D．He thught Archimedes wuld nt have used the methd described.
D [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As Galile wrte，Archimedes culd have achieved a far mre precise result using his wn law f buyancy and an accurate scale”可推知，伽利略认为，阿基米德能用其他方法得到一个更为精确的结果，而非浴室故事所描述的方法，故选D。]
7．What can be inferred frm the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?
A．The wrd “eureka” is still widely used tday.
B．The wrd “eureka” is nw a frmal scientific term.
C．Mst peple accept the authenticity f the riginal stry.
D．Peple are still inspired by the achievements f Archimedes.
A [推理判断题。根据画线句子的句意“eureka时刻的不可信的根据丝毫没有减弱这个词独特、简明地表达灵感闪现的能力”可推知，eureka这个词直到今天仍被广泛使用，故选A。]
8．What is the purpse f this text?
A．T intrduce the famus scientist Archimedes.
B．T examine the credibility f the eureka stry.
C．T explain hw the wrd “eureka” was created.
D．T urge peple nt t use the wrd “eureka” anymre.
B [写作目的题。作者在第一段用广为人知的阿基米德在浴室发现浮力定律的故事来引出话题，第二段接着表明了论点“Archimedes prbably never uttered the wrd in that way”，第三段和第四段的内容支撑了该论点，最后一段进行了总结，所以B项正确。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2020·湖北省部分重点中学第一次联考)Bund by manners and cmmn curtesy(礼貌)，yu can find it difficult t walk away frm a cnversatin withut seeming rude.With the help f etiquette(礼节)experts，we have sme slutins t yur scial scares.Next time yu feel trapped，remember these tips.
__1__
N，this mve desn't have t invlve thrwing ne f yur friends under the bus.Yu can intrduce yur cnversatinal partner t an individual with a cmmn interest r quality and hpe that they like each ther.Accrding t etiquette expert Jdi Smith，“The simplest way t leave smene wh is ccupying yur time at a party is t pull smene else int the cnversatin.__2__”
Tell the peple yu've enjyed speaking with them.
If yur acquaintance can't tell that yu're eager t leave，try summarizing yur cnversatin in the hpe that yur exchange will cme t a natural end.Accrding t Jennifer Grant，a certified Etiquette Cach，yu can plitely say，“Beverly，I have enjyed speaking with yu very much and if yu will excuse me，I have just seen a clleague/friend that I need t speak with.”__3__It's simple enugh t have gd manners，which is why yu shuld stp making these etiquette mistakes by age 30.
__4__
If yu're speaking with smene at a party r netwrking event，yu can suggest activities t yur cnversatinal partner.__5__Or ask，“Have yu seen the ballrm dwnstairs yet? I was dwn there earlier and it was s festive(欢乐的)．Yu shuld g t take a lk！”This methd f ending a cnversatin will wrk best at events with many interactive elements，such as wedding parties r cnventins.
A．Try t find anther tpic.
B．Suggest an activity t the ther persn.
C．This is a slutin t all yur prblems.
D．Bring smene else int the cnversatin.
E．After a brief intrductin f bth speakers，yu are free t excuse yurself.
F．A farewell such as this ne will make the ther persn feel appreciated and respected.
G．Fr example，say，“Hey，yu shuld g t try the pudding in the kitchen—they're delicius！”
【语篇解读】 在社会交往中，我们需要注重礼仪，因此不失礼貌地从一个谈话中脱身有一定的难度；文章就此给出了相应的建议。
1．D [根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的小标题。通读该段内容可知，该段表述的是通过把另一个人拉进你们的谈话中来摆脱正在与你谈话的人。这与D项“让其他人参与到谈话中来”表述一致。故选D。]
2．E [根据空前一句可知，在聚会上，要想离开占用你时间的人，最简单的方法就是把其他人拉进谈话中，据此可推知，E项表述的“你可以简单地介绍谈话双方，之后你就可以离开了”与此处匹配。]
3．F [空前一句表述的是如何在表达自己很享受与对方的谈话之后，寻找理由客气地请求离开。这与F项中的“A farewell such as this ne”表述连贯、一致。故选F。]
4．B [空处为该段的小标题。根据该段第一句中的“yu can suggest activities t yur cnversatinal partner”(你可以向你的谈话对象建议一些活动)以及该段给出的例子可知，该段讲述的是你可以向对方推荐一项活动，这样你就可以从中脱身离开。故选B。]
5．G [根据空前的“yu can suggest activities t yur cnversatinal partner”以及空后的“Or ask”可知，该空与后面一句是作者列举的两个向与你谈话的人推荐可以做的事情的例子。故G项与此处匹配，衔接上下文。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·广州市调研测试)We all knw clean water is imprtant fr gd health.But nw we als knw we shuld watch 1.________ we keep ur water in.Plastic bttles hardened with a dangerus material 2.________(call) BPA can release a chemical int ur water that harms ur bdies.Since 2001，many cuntries 3._______(ban) plastic with BPA frm，use in fd cntainers and feed in bttles.But are ther nnBPA plastics safe?
Plastic labeled BPAfree might use ther chemicals that have 4.________ (harm) effects n (study) have shwn that lw levels f thse chemicals might have the same effects as BPA.S，what shuld peple d? The 6.________ (gd) material t drink frm is glass，7.________has n chemicals that can pisn water.
Anther gd chice 8.________a water cntainer is a stainless steel (不锈钢) bttle.Stainless steel bttles are better than aluminum (铝) bttles，which are cvered with thin plastic 9.________(prtect) the metal frm acids (酸)．There are many gd fdgrade stainless steel water bttles n the market.
If yu d decide t use a reusable plastic water bttle，avid 10.________(keep) it in the sun.Sunlight and ht liquid speed up the release f chemicals int yur drinking water.
【语篇解读】 用BPA硬化而成的塑料瓶在存放水时会释放一种对身体有害的化学物质，一些标明不含BPA的塑料也可能使用了对健康有害的其他化学物质。存放水的最佳材料是玻璃，不锈钢也是不错的选择。
1．what [考查宾语从句。根据下文中的“Plastic bttles”可知，此处表示我们现在还知道应该留意存放水的地方。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作介词in的宾语，表示“……的事物”，故用what引导该宾语从句。]
2．called [考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，a dangerus material和动词call之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用call的过去分词形式。]
3．have banned [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“Since 2011”可知，该句应用现在完成时，又因主语many cuntries为复数，故填have banned。]
4．harmful [考查形容词。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词effects，故用harm的形容词形式harmful。]
5．Studies [考查名词的单复数。根据该句中的“have shwn”可知，该句主语应为复数，且此处study作“研究，调查”讲，是可数名词，故用study的复数形式。]
6．best [考查形容词的最高级。上文介绍了两种对身体有害的塑料存水容器，结合该句中的“The”并根据语境可知，此处表示用来喝水的最好的材料是玻璃。故用形容词的最高级形式。]
7．which [考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为glass，故用which引导该从句。]
8．fr/as/f [考查介词。根据本句句意可知，此处可表示用途，故用fr或者as；此处也可以表示“关于”，故用f。]
9．t prtect [考查动词不定式。句意：不锈钢瓶比铝瓶好，铝瓶上覆盖着薄薄的塑料以保护金属不被酸腐蚀。空处表示目的，故用动词不定式。]
10．keeping [考查动名词。avid ding sth.为固定用法，意为“避免做某事”。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2020·安徽省示范高中名校上学期联考)Li Ming is a friend f mine.I'm glad he changed greatly in the past tw years.I clearly remember he was quite fat tw years befre.He gt tired s easy that he culdn't take exercise，that made him very upset.Later，he realized unless he went n like that，he wuld end up achieve nthing.S he made up his minds t make a change.He went running every mrning and played the basketball every afternn.Besides，he fllwed a diet f mre vegetables r less meat.Gradually he began t lse weight.He is nw an energetic by in gd health.S when faced with prblems，we shuld vercme it with great determinatin and strng willpwer.
[答案]
Li Ming is a friend f mine.I'm glad he eq \(\s\up7(∧),\s\d5(has)) changed greatly in the past tw years.I clearly remember he was quite fat tw years eq \f(befre,ag).He gt tired s eq \f(easy,easily) that he culdn't take exercise，eq \(\s\up7(∧),\s\d5(and))或eq \f(that,which) made him very upset.Later，he realized eq \f(unless,if) he went n like that，he wuld end up eq \f(achieve,achieving) nthing.S he made up his eq \f(minds,mind) t make a change.He went running every mrning and played eq \(the,＼) basketball every afternn.Besides，he fllwed a diet f mre vegetables eq \f(r,and) less meat. Gradually he began t lse weight.He is nw an energetic by in gd health.S when faced with prblems，we shuld vercme eq \f(it,them) with great determinatin and strng willpwer.
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