形容词副词语法知识点学案
展开形容词是用来修饰或描述名词或代词,表示人或物的性质、状态和特征的词。
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词以及其他副词,表示时间、地点、程度、状态等。
二、特点
(1)功能:形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词和形容词
(2)位置:形容词放在名词之前,系动词之后,副词之后。
副词放在形容词之前,放在动词后
口诀:形名动副形。系形名,动副形。
****具体用法****
一、形容词的基本用法
1)作定语,放在名词前;如:
It’s a cld and beautiful winter.
2)修饰smething, anything…时,形容词后置;如:
The wl may meet smething difficult.
3)作表语,放在系动词①后面;如:
The street seems beautiful.
4)只能作表语的形容词:asleep, afraid, alike, alive, alne, awake, ill…
①常见系动词
be动词系列:am, is, are, was, were
感官动词系列:lk, seem, smell, taste, sund, feel…
5)放在宾语后,作宾语补足语:The bad news made the dg sad.
二、副词的基本用法
1)副词修饰动词;如:
The dg is smking happily.
2)副词修饰形容词、副词;如:
The cat is very cute.(修饰cute)
She hides very successfully.(修饰副词)
3)副词修饰整句话;如:
Luckily, he is rich.
三、构成
****名词变形容词
1. "名词 + y" 构成形容词:
rain-rainy sleep-sleepy sun-sunny
2."名词 + ly" 构成形容词:
lve-lvely mnth-mnthly day-daily
3. "名词+ ful” 构成形容词:
use-useful harm-harmful
beauty-beautiful
4.名词 + less” 构成形容词:
use-useless hpe-hpeless
5. “名词+ us”构成形容词:
danger-dangerus humr-humrus
6.“名词 + ish”构成形容词:
fl - flish
****形容词变副词
1. “形容词+ly"
(1)直接 + ly,如:
careful-carefully recent-recently
(2)部分以e结尾的词,去e + ly,如:
terrible –terribly simple-simply
(3)部分以e结尾的词,直接 + ly,如:
wise-wisely clse-clsely
(4)辅音+y结尾的单词,变y为i + ly,如:
happy-happily healthy-healthily
(5)部分以ic结尾的单词,+ ally,如:
basic-basically scientific-scientificaly
四、常用句式:
1. t+adj./adv.+t… 太…..而不能,例:
The by is t busy t play cmputer games.
He is t lazy t get high marks.
2.s+adj./adv.+that+从句 如此….以至于,例:
The by is s busy that he can’t play cmputer games.
3.形容词/副词+enugh,如:
fast enugh, big enugh
enugh +名词,如:
enugh time (名前形副后)
Tm is rich enugh, because he has enugh mney.
it做形式主语:
1. It’s + adj. t d sth … 做某事很……
2. It’s + adj. + fr sb t d sth … 对某人来说做某事很……
3. It’s + adj. + f sb t d sth … 某人做某事,(某人)很……
五、四大“也”人
t: 肯定句末,逗号“也”人
either: 否定句末,逗号“也”人
als: 句中“也”人, 【情(态动词)be(动词)助(动词)后,实义动词前】
as well: 句末“也”人
****五晚人
late adj. 晚的 adv. 晚地
Lily was late again.
Lily came hme late last night.
later adj. 更晚的 adv. 迟点
Lucy came here later than Tm.
Later, yu will knw the truth.
latest adj. 最近的,最新的
M Yan’s latest nvel will cme ut next week.
lately adv. 最近
Have yu seen her lately?
latter adj. 后者的
I think the latter ne is mre creative.
六、易混词辨析
1. much t+adj./adv. : 非常,太
t much+不可数名词:太多的…
2.alne lnely single
single adj. 单身的
alne adj./adv. 单独的,独自
lnely adj. 孤独的
如:Althugh he is single and lives alne, he desn’t feel lnely.
3.still silent
silent adj. 沉默的,不出声的
still adj. 静止的 adv. 仍然,静止
如:Grace is always silent in class, s her dad ften punishes her t stand still.
4.ill sick
ill adj. 生病的(只作表语)
sick adj. 生病的(表语&定语)
如:The girl is ill/sick. √
This is a sick girl. √
This is an ill girl. ×
5.gd well
gd adj. 好的
well adj. 健康的,专指身体好。 adv. 好地,完全地
如:Gd living habits can make us well.
6.special especially
special adj. 特殊的
especially adj. 尤其
如:He likes special hair styles, especially the middle ne.
7.fast sn
fast adj./adv. 快的,快地(速度)
sn adj. 很快会(时间)
8. smetime: 某个时候
We will g t the beach smetime in August.
sme time: 一段时间
I need sme time t d my hmewrk.
smetimes:有时候
I smetimes have bread fr breakfast.
sme times: 几次,几倍
This tree is sme times taller than that ne.
He has t much mney, s he is much t rich.
Althugh he lived alne, he never felt lnely.
He is a gd dctr. He des his study well.
He takes exercise every day, s he is very well.
多个形容词作定语时的排序:美小圆旧黄,法国木书房。
a beautiful small rund new Chinese wden table
***两注意
1.deep adj. 深的 adv. 深地 (具体)
deeply adj. 深深地 (抽象)
如:The hle is deep.
I lve my family deeply.
类似的词语还有:high/highly, clse/clsely
易错点:hard adv. 努力地 adj. 坚硬的,困难的
hardly adv. 几乎不
2.习惯用法(固定搭配)
strng wind
heavy traffic
heavy fg
high/lw price
large/small ppulatin
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