2021年高考英语二轮复习课件：专题三 阅读理解 第二节

这是一份2021年高考英语二轮复习课件：专题三 阅读理解 第二节，共45页。PPT课件主要包含了阅读理解的常考命题 ，跟踪训练等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.细节理解题细节理解题在高考英语阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，但这部分题目相对来说比较简单，只要通过题干的关键词，在文中找到题目的相关信息，仔细对比，就能得出答案。其正确选项特征为：同义替换、语言简化、正话反说等。其干扰项特征为：张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非等。
2.词义猜测题高考阅读理解试题中对于词义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大。词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。要做好该类试题需要：利用上下文线索猜测词义(重述、定义、举例、同义词或近义词、反义词等)；根据语法知识猜测词义；根据上下文逻辑猜测词义；根据构词法猜测词义；根据常识或背景知识猜测词义等。
3.推理判断题推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力。推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题，弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键。其正确选项特征为：立足原文，只推一步；一般不可出现绝对概念。其干扰选项特征为：曲解文意、张冠李戴、偷梁换柱、无中生有、鱼目混珠、扩缩范围等。
4.主旨大意题主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。其干扰选项特征为：过于笼统，不知所云；以偏概全，主次不分；移花接木，偷换概念；无中生有，生搬硬套等。注意　解答各类命题时往往是多法并举，而不是一种方法解决一种题。
Fifteen years ag，I tk a summer vacatin in Lecce in suthern Italy.After climbing up a hill fr a panramic(全景的) view f the blue sea，white buildings and green live trees，I paused t catch my breath and then psitined myself t take the best pht f this panrama.Unfrtunately，just as I tk ut my camera，a wman apprached frm behind，and planted herself right in frnt f my view.Like me，this wman was here t stp，sigh and appreciate the view.
(2017•天津，B)
Patient as I was，after abut 15 minutes，my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the sht I wuld eventually take，I grew frustrated.Was it t much t ask her t mve s I culd take just ne picture f the landscape？Sure，I culd have asked her，but smething prevented me frm ding s.She seemed s cntent in her bservatin.I didn’t want t mess with that.Anther 15 minutes passed and I grew bred.The wman was still there.I decided t take the pht anyway.And nw when I lk at it，I think her presence in the pht is what makes the image interesting.The landscape，beautiful n its wn，smehw cmes t life and breathes because this wman is engaging with it.
This pht，with the unique beauty that unflded befre me and that wman wh “ruined” it，nw hangs n a wall in my bedrm.What wuld she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frzen n sme stranger’s bedrm wall？A bedrm，after all，is a very private space，in which sme wman I dn’t even knw has been immrtalized(使……永存).In sme ways，she lives in my huse.Perhaps we all live in each thers’ spaces.Perhaps this is what phts are fr：t remind us that we all appreciate beauty，that we all share a cmmn desire fr pleasure，fr cnnectin，fr smething that is greater than us.
That pht is a reminder，a captured mment，an unspken cnversatin between tw wmen，separated nly by a thin square f glass.
语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者主要讲述了自己十五年前暑假时在意大利南部城市莱切观光时的一次经历：作者拍风景时一位陌生的女士进入了作者的镜头。这张照片让作者联想到很多事情并引发了作者对人生的深层感悟。
41.What happened when the authr was abut t take a pht?A.Her camera stpped wrking.B.A wman blcked her asked her t leave.D.A friend apprached frm behind.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ wman apprached frm behind，and planted herself right in frnt f my view.”可知，就在“我”拿出相机的时候，一位女士从后面走过来，正好停在“我”的视线前面，即“我”的视线被挡住(blcked)了，故选B项。
42.Accrding t the authr，the wman was prbably herselfB.lsing her patienceC.waiting fr the sunsetD.thinking abut her past
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She seemed s cntent in her that.”可知，选A项。
43.In the authr’s pinin，what makes the pht s alive?A.The rich clr f the perfect psitining f the wman’s existence in the sft sunlight that summer day.
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ think her presence in the pht is what makes the image interesting.”可知，作者认为，那位女士在照片中的存在使得这张照片有趣，即：那位女士在照片中的存在让照片变得很生动。故选C项。
44.The pht n the bedrm wall enables the authr t better understand need t be clse t natureB.the imprtance f private spaceC.the jy f the vacatin in ItalyD.the shared passin fr beauty
解析　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“ remind us that we all appreciate beauty，that we all share a cmmn desire fr pleasure，fr cnnectin，fr smething that is greater than us.”可知，通过那张照片作者明白了：我们都欣赏美，都有着对快乐的共同渴望、对人际关系改善的共同期待和对超越自身价值的共同追求。由此可知，这张照片让作者更好地理解人们对美的共同热爱。
45.The passage can be seen as the authr’s reflectins upn .A.a particular life experienceB.the pleasure f travelingC.the art f phtgraphyD.a lst friendship
解析　推理判断题。本文讲述的是作者的一次特殊经历及由此产生的一些人生感悟，故选A项。
This mnth，Germany’s transprt minister，Alexander Dbrindt，prpsed the first set f rules fr autnmus vehicles(自主驾驶车辆).They wuld define the driver’s rle in such cars and gvern hw such cars perfrm in crashes where lives might be lst.The prpsal attempts t deal with what sme call the “death valley” f autnmus vehicles：the grey area between semi-autnmus and fully driverless cars that culd delay the driverless future.
(2017•天津，C)
Dbrindt wants three things：that a car always chses prperty(财产) damage ver persnal injury；that it never distinguishes between humans based n age r race；and that if a human remves his r her hands frm the driving wheel—t check email，say—the car’s maker is respnsible if there is a crash. “The change t the rad traffic law will permit fully autmatic driving，” says Dbrindt.It will put fully driverless cars n an equal legal fting t human drivers，he says.
Wh is respnsible fr the peratin f such vehicles is nt clear amng car makers，cnsumers and lawyers.“The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest ne f them all，”says Natasha Merat at the University f Leeds，UK.An assumptin behind UK insurance fr driverless cars，intrduced earlier this year，insists that a human “be watchful and mnitring the rad” at every mment.But that is nt what many peple have in mind when thinking f driverless cars.“When yu say ‘driverless cars’，peple expect driverless cars，”Merat says.“Yu knw—n driver.”
Because f the cnfusin，Merat thinks sme car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully autmated withut human peratin.Driverless cars may end up being a frm f public transprt rather than vehicles yu wn，says Ryan Cal at Stanfrd University，Califrnia.That is happening in the UK and Singapre，where gvernment-prvided driverless vehicles are being launched.That wuld g dwn prly in the US，hwever.“The idea that the gvernment wuld take ver driverless cars and treat them as a public gd wuld get abslutely nwhere here，”says Cal.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。它主要介绍了德国交通部部长提出的适用于自主驾驶车辆的规章，能消除人们对于无人驾驶车辆的司机角色定位的困惑，有利于自主驾驶汽车的推广。
46.What des the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer t?A.A place where cars ften break dwn.B.A case where passing a law is area where n driving is permitted.D.A situatin where drivers’ rle is nt clear.
解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“ grey area between semi-autnmus and fully driverless cars that culd delay the driverless future.”可知，death valley指的就是半自主驾驶和完全无人驾驶汽车之间的灰色地带，即：对司机角色的定义不清楚。故选D项。
47.The prpsal put frward by Dbrindt aims t peple frm breaking traffic rulesB.help prmte fully autmatic drivingC.prtect drivers f all ages and racesD.prevent serius prperty damage
解析　推理判断题。第一段说Dbrindt提出第一套自主驾驶车辆的规章，将会定义自主驾驶车辆司机的角色，这个提议就是处理“death valley”这个问题的；第四段说交规的改变会准许全自动驾驶，而且会将完全无人驾驶汽车和有人驾驶汽车放到一个平等的法律地位上，由此推断，Dbrindt提出此建议的目的就是推广全自动驾驶。故选B项。
48.What d cnsumers think f the peratin f driverless cars?A.It shuld get the attentin f insurance shuld be the main cncern f law shuld nt cause deadly traffic shuld invlve n human respnsibility.
解析　细节理解题。根据第七段中的“When yu say ‘driverless cars’，peple expect driverless cars，”Merat says.“Yu knw—n driver.”可知，人们认为的无人驾驶汽车，就是没有司机的汽车，当然也不该包括人的责任问题，故选D项。
49.Driverless vehicles in public transprt see n bright future in B.the UKC.the US D.Germany
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“That wuld g dwn prly in the US，hwever.”可知，无人驾驶汽车作为公共交通方式在美国反响却很差，即：在美国，无人驾驶汽车在公共交通领域看不到光明的前景，因此选C项。
50.What culd be the best title fr the passage?A.Autnmus Driving：Whse Liability?B.Fully Autmatic Cars：A New BreakthrughC.Autnmus Vehicles：Driver Remved!D.Driverless Cars：Rt f Rad Accidents
解析　标题归纳题。全文围绕自主驾驶车辆的司机的角色认定以及谁该负法律责任的问题展开了讨论，故选A项。
A(2016·河东区一模)There’s n dubt that ur character has a prfund effect n ur future.What we must remember，hwever，is nt merely hw pwerful character is in influencing ur fate(命运)，but hw pwerful we are in shaping ur wn character and，therefre，ur wn fate.Character may determine ur fate，but character is nt determined by fate.
It’s a cmmn mistake t think f character as smething that is fully frmed and fixed very early in life.It calls t mind ld prverbs like “A lepard can’t change its spts” and “Yu can’t teach an ld dg new tricks”.This perspective that ur character is “etched in stne” is supprted by a great deal f mdern psychlgy emphasizing self-acceptance.As Ppeye says，“I am what I am.” The hidden message is：Dn’t expect me t be mre，better，r different.Ultimately，these views f humanity ttally undervalue the lifelng ptential fr grwth that cmes with the pwer f reflectin and chice.
Hw depressing it wuld be t believe that we can’t chse t be better，mre hnest，mre respectful，mre respnsible，and mre caring.Nne f us shuld give up the persnal seeking t imprve ur character.Nt because we’re bad，we dn’t have t be sick t get better，but because we’re nt as gd as we culd be.There are s many things in life we can’t cntrl，whether we’re beautiful r smart，whether we had gd parents r bad，whether we grew up with affirmatin r negatin.It’s inspiring t remember that nthing but mral willpwer is needed t make us better.
N，it isn’t easy.But if we make a great effrt t becme mre aware f the habits f heart and mind that drive ur behavir，we can begin t place new emphasis n ur higher values s that we becme what we want ur children t think we are.
语篇解读　本文为议论文，题材为人生哲理。文章的主要话题是塑造和影响我们性格的因素。
1.What is the best title f the passage?A.We Shape Our Own CharacterB.Character Determines Our FateC.Character Is Fully Frmed and FixedD.We Must Meet What Our Children Need
解析　标题归纳题。纵观全文，文章主要讲述了什么塑造了我们的性格以及我们的性格受哪些因素的影响，结合各个选项的意思，可知选A。
2.The authr agrees that .A.a lepard can’t change its sptsB.in life we must attach imprtance t self-acceptanceC.we shuldn’t expect urselves t be mre differentD.character is nt fully frmed and fixed very early
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“It’s a cmmn mistake t think f character as smething that is fully frmed and fixed very early in life.”可知D选项的意思与之相符，故选D。
3.In the authr’s pinin，which f the fllwing is TRUE?A.We can’t chse t be shuld seek t imprve ur character fr we’re bad shuld value ur lifelng ptential fr shuld make chices cnstantly.
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，作者认为我们应该高度重视我们个人的终身发展，故本题应选C。
4.What d we need t imprve urselves accrding t the authr?A.Our smartness. B.Our fate. D.Our character.
解析　细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句可知，作者认为我们需要意志力来自我完善。故选B。
5.What can we infer frm the passage?A.It is nt difficult t imprve must try ur best t be as gd as children shuld cpy ur shuld cntrl as many things as pssible in life.
解析　推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可推知选B项。
B(2017·河北区二模)I am a writer.I spend a great deal f my time thinking abut the pwer f language—the way it can evke(唤起) an emtin，a visual image，a cmplex idea，r a simple truth.Language is the tl f my trade.And I use them all—all the Englishes I grew up with.Brn int a Chinese family that had recently arrived in Califrnia，I’ve been giving mre thught t the kind f English my mther speaks.Like thers，I have described it t peple as “brken” English.But I feel embarrassed t say that.It has always bthered me that I
can think f n way t describe it ther than “brken”，as if it were damaged and needed t be fixed，as if it lacked a certain whleness.I’ve heard ther terms used，“limited English”，fr example.But they seem just as bad，as if everything is limited，including peple’s perceptins(认识) f the limited English speaker.I knw this fr a fact，because when I was grwing up，my mther’s “limited” English limited my perceptin f her.I was ashamed f her English.I believed that her English reflected the quality f what she had t say.That is，because she expressed them imperfectly， her thughts
were imperfect.And I had plenty f evidence t supprt me：the fact that peple in department stres，at banks，and at restaurants did nt take her seriusly，did nt give her gd service，pretended nt t understand her，r even acted as if they did nt hear her. I started writing fictin in 1985.And fr reasns I wn’t get int tday，I began t write stries using all the Englishes I grew up with：the English she used with me，which fr lack f a better term might be described as “brken”；and what I imagine t be her translatin f her Chinese，her internal(内在的) language，and fr that I sught t preserve the essence，
but neither an English nr a Chinese structure.I wanted t catch what language ability tests can never shw：her intentin，her feelings，the rhythms f her speech and the nature f her thughts.
语篇解读　本文主要讲述了作者在不同时期对母亲所使用的语言的不同看法。
6.By saying “Language is the tl f my trade.”，the authr means that uses English in freign tradeB.she is fascinated by languagesC.she wrks as a translatrD.she is a writer by prfessin
解析　句意理解题。由文章第一句“I am a writer.”和第一段的内容可知，此处表示作者是一名作家。
7.The authr used t think f her mther’s English as D.practical
解析　细节理解题。作者在文章的第二段和第三段中描写她母亲的英语时用了：brken(蹩脚的)，limited(有限的)，imperfect(不完美的)三个形容词，故选C。
8.Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t Paragraph 3?A.Americans d nt understand brken authr’s mther was nt respected authr’s mther had a psitive influence n English always reflects imperfect thughts.
解析　推理判断题。从第三段的最后一句可推断，作者的母亲有时因其蹩脚的英语而不受人尊重。
9.The authr gradually realizes her mther’s English is structuredB.in the ld styleC.easy t translateD.rich in meaning
解析　推理判断题。通过最后一段的内容可知作者改变了对母亲蹩脚的英语的看法，认为她的蹩脚英语内涵丰富。
10.What is the passage mainly abut?A.The change f the authr’s attitude t her mther’s limitatin f the authr’s perceptin f her authr’s misunderstanding f “limited” authr’s experiences f using brken English.
解析　主旨大意题。文章讲述了作者对母亲所讲的蹩脚英语的态度随着时间的推移所发生的变化。