山东专用2021高考英语一轮复习课时作业32选修7Robots含解析20201209226

这是一份山东专用2021高考英语一轮复习课时作业32选修7Robots含解析20201209226，共6页。
A
I remember watching my first rental (租赁的) mvie when I was a kid. My aunt wned a vide stre and we brrwed a VHS cpy f Pltergeist.
In 2004, I was 33 years ld, living in Bend and lking fr a part­time jb t help supprt ur family. My best friend, Mary, a saleswman at the Blckbuster, suggested I might like wrking with her at the Blckbuster, and I've been here ever since. Back then, there were five Blckbusters in Bend alne. The mvie­rental business was at its peak (顶点): we were still string VHS tapes but DVDs were als cming in, and bth were ding well.
When it became clear that DVD was ging t supersede VHS, I gt very excited because thse cassettes were s big and heavy. I ften drpped them n my feet. Even then, I never dreamed I wuld end up managing the last stre in twn.
Fr me, the best thing abut this jb is the peple. I lve chatting t custmers and hearing their pinins n mvies. Nw I'm the manager, hwever. I have all kinds f ther respnsibilities, like handling muntains f paperwrk. I'm a bit like an ld pliceman in a mvie wh hates the desk jb and lngs t g back t the beat (巡逻区域). I hate being the manager.
The final stre clsures happened s fast. At the end f 2017, there were seven Blckbusters left in the US, but by early 2019 there was nly ur stre and ne ther stre in Australia, in the wrld. Since March when nly ur stre remained, things have been crazy. The lcal cmmunity has been surprisingly supprtive, and peple have cme frm all ver the wrld t rent mvies: we're set up clse t 5,000 new memberships. Mst f them are regulars.
I'll be sad t see the end f vide stres. We have several years left n ur lease (租期) and, as lng as we can cntinue t pay ur staff, we'll stay pen. Becming the last stre has given the business a push and we're selling Blckbuster suvenirs. I've watched enugh mvies t realize there's an end t everything, but hpefully the ending f this stry is a lng way ff.
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，介绍了作者对影片租赁的商店Blckbuster的挚爱。
1．What can we learn abut the Blckbuster?
A．It was quite ppular in the past.
B．It was mainly fund in America.
C．It prvided many part­time jbs fr kids.
D．It ffered wrkers high salaries.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的My best bth were ding well.可知，影片租赁商店Blckbuster在过去很受人们的欢迎。
2．What des the underlined wrd “supersede” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Cmbine. B．Substitute.
C．Cpy. D．Represent.
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。通读第三段的I gt very excited my feet.可知，DVD将取代VHS。
3．Why des the authr say things have been crazy since March?
A．Because few peple want t wrk in Blckbusters.
B．Because many Blckbusters have brken dwn.
C．Because VHS tapes and DVDs became hard t buy.
D．Because their stre became ppular unexpectedly.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的Since March when been crazy.可知，是因为作者发现许多人前来支持她们的商店。
B
Influenza (mre cmmnly called flu) can easily spread as peple mve abut, making tracking and frecasting flu activity a challenge. While the Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin (CDC) cntinuusly mnitrs patient visits fr flu­like illness in the US, this infrmatin can lag (落后) up t tw weeks behind real time, making it unable t ffer accurate predictin. A new study at Bstn Children's Hspital, cmbines tw frecasting methds with machine learning t estimate (估计) lcal flu activity. Its results are published tday in Nature Cmmunicatins.
The ARGONet apprach uses machine learning and tw flu detectin mdels. The first mdel, ARGO, uses infrmatin frm electrnic health recrds, flu­related Ggle searches and histrical flu activity in a given lcatin. In the study, ARGO alne did better than Ggle Flu Trends, the previus frecasting system that had wn much fame in predicting flu since it perated in 2008.
T imprve accuracy, ARGONet adds a secnd mdel, which draws n spatial­tempral (时空的) patterns f flu spread in neighbring areas. “It emplys the fact that the presence f flu in nearby lcatins may increase the risk f experiencing a disease utbreak at a given lcatin，” explains Santillana, an assistant prfessr at Harvard Medical Schl.
The machine learning system was then fed with flu predictins frm bth mdels as well as actual flu data, helping t reduce errrs in the predictins. “The system cntinuusly evaluates the predictive pwer f each independent methd and adjusts hw the infrmatin shuld be used t prduce imprved flu estimates，” says Santillana.
The investigatrs believe their apprach will set a fundatin fr accurate public health in infectius diseases. “I believe ur mdels will surely becme mre accurate ver time as mre nline search data are cllected and as mre health care prviders ffer clud­based electrnic health recrds，” says Fred Lu, an investigatr and first authr n the paper.
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的流感预报系统。
4．Why des the CDC have inaccurate frecasts f flu?
A．It has pstpned research data.
B．It fails t use current technlgy.
C．It has a limited range f research.
D．It finds it hard t track flu activity.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的． infrmatin can lag up t tw weeks behind real time...可知，因为疾控中心获取的流感数据有延迟，所以预报的流感也并不准确。
5．What might be the theretical basis f the secnd mdel?
A．Everything changes with the flw f time.
B．It's imprtant t adapt t the envirnment.
C．One can succeed by fcusing n ne thing a time.
D．Surrunding envirnments can have a big influence.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的． presence f flu in nearby lcatins may increase the risk f experiencing a disease utbreak at a given lcatin可知，周边的环境对当地的流感有很大影响。
6．What might be Fred Lu's attitude tward ARGONet?
A．Psitive. B．Objective.
C．Cncerned. D．Indifferent.
答案：A
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段的I believe ur mdels will surely becme mre accurate ver time...可知，Fred Lu对新的流感预测系统非常有信心，持积极的态度。
Ⅱ.七选五
What's the purpse f building patience abilities? In a wrd, happiness. Better relatinships, mre success. But indeed it takes effrts t build them successfully. __1__ Thus, when the big nes cme, we will have develped the patience we need fr hard times.
Understand the addictive nature f anger and impatience. We, human beings, are still cnstructed with ur ld reptilian (爬行动物的) brain that prtects ur physical and emtinal survival. On the emtinal survival side, we want ur way t get ahead, t achieve, and t “lk gd”. Let's just face it. __2__ S the first step in grwing patience is t get in tuch with the addictive quality f the ppsite f patience—anger, impatience, blame and shame. We all have them. And we can grw beynd them.
Upgrade ur attitude twards discmfrt and pain. Pain has its purpses and pushes us t find slutins—we try t change the ther persn, situatin r thing that we think is causing ur discmfrt. But the prblem is that it is nt the utside thing that's the surce f ur pain, but hw ur mind is set. __3__
Pay attentin when the impatience r pain starts. Mst f us dn't really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest—but very present—painful feelings. __4__ But t really care fr urselves, get curius abut what's actually happening in the mment inside yu. Fcusing n what's actually happening, yu can ntice the wrry f nt wanting what's happening, the resistance.
__5__ When yu find yurself impatient, r angry with yurself, yu can remind yurself that yu are grwing, and that, “Sure, this is understandable; this is what happens t me when I'm bthered.” Yu can say t yurself, “It's true. I dn't like this; this is uncmfrtable, but I can tlerate it.”
A．Practice psitive self­talk.
B．S the slutin t pain is an inside jb.
C．Patience abilities benefit yu in many ways.
D．Learn t frgive yurself fr being impatient in hard times.
E．We ignre the fact that we're in pain and fcus cmpletely n fixing the prblem.
F．The urge t prtect urselves and what we cnsider valuable is abslutely habit­frming.
G．Effective ways are recmmended t train urselves t wrk with little pain and annyance.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了培养耐心的几个有效的方法。
1．G 解析：根据空前一句以及空后一句“Thus, when the big nes cme, we times.”可知，成功地培养耐心需要花费精力，因而推荐一些有效的方法用来训练我们应对痛苦及烦恼的能力，因此当更大的麻烦来临时，我们将已经有耐心应对困难的时刻。故G项符合语境。
2．F 解析：根据空后的“S the first and shame.”可推知，保护我们自己和我们认为有价值的东西的冲动绝对是由习惯养成的，因此要做的第一步就是了解负面情绪根深蒂固的本性。故选F。
3．B 解析：根据空前一句“But the prblem is that it is nt the utside thing that's the surce f ur pain, but hw ur mind is set.”可知，问题不是出现在引起痛苦的外在因素上面，而是出现在我们的思考方式上，因此解决痛苦是一种内在的活动。故选B。
4．E 解析：根据空前一句“Mst f us dn't really realize feelings.”及空后的“get curius abut what's actually happening in the mment inside yu.”可知，我们经常忽略了这样一个事实，即我们处于痛苦之中，而我们的关注的焦点总是全部集中在解决问题上。
5．A 解析：根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，空处为段落主题句；通读本段可知，本段主要是说要积极地自我对话，故A项符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Humans are naturally gd at fcusing n specific vices amng the nise—a phenmenn __1__ (knw) as the ccktail party (鸡尾酒会) effect. Hwever, autmatic speech separatin remains t be a bit __2__ (challenge) fr cmputers. Nw a new prgram culd stp __3__ (listen) t backgrund nise in vides in rder t hear __4__ a particular persn n screen is saying.
The prgram—a new Artificial Intelligence (AI) system—__5__ (design) by Ggle researchers. It culd use bth audi and visual cues (提示), such as muth mvements, __6__ (separate) sunds frm different speakers in vides. Researchers tested their AI system n ccktail party—like shrt vides that had tw r three peple talking with each ther, with varius __7__ (level) f backgrund nise. By watching and listening t the vides, it culd distinguish which sunds were cming frm each speaker mre accurately __8__ a similar algrithm (算法)．
“We are trying t design __9__ faster versin f the prgram nw. It will nt nly imprve the speech separatin quality __10__ (significant) in mixed speeches, but als assciate the separated, clean speech tracks with the visible speakers in the vide，” the researchers said.
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员设计了一款人工智能软件，它能够成功地识别嘈杂环境中不同人的声音。
1．knwn
解析：考查非谓语动词。phenmenn和knw之间是被动关系。所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填knwn。
2．challenging
解析：考查形容词。根据空格前的a bit以及语境可知，此处需填形容词表示自动的语音分离对计算机来说是有挑战性的，故填challenging。
3．listening
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处语境表示一款新的人工智能软件可以无视噪音，需用stp ding sth.，故填listening。
4．what
解析：考查连词。此句为动词hear引导的宾语从句，且连接词在宾语从句中作动词saying的宾语，故填what。
5．was_designed
解析：考查动词的时态语态。The prgram和design之间是被动关系，且根据下文时态可知，此处需用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was designed。
6．t_separate
解析：考查非谓语动词。动词不定式t separate作目的状语，故填t separate。
7．levels
解析：考查名词。根据空格前的varius可知，此处应用名词复数形式，指不同程度的背景噪音。故填levels。
8．than
解析：考查介词。根据空格前的mre accurately可知此处用比较级，故填介词than。
9．a
解析：考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处泛指一款更快的软件版本，故填不定冠词a。
10．significantly
解析：考查副词。副词significantly修饰动词imprve，故填significantly。