2020高考英语二轮复习习题册第七章主语从句表语从句宾语从句

专题七 | 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·北京高考)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.答案：whoever　whoever意为“……的那些人，……的任何人”，在主语从句中作主语。句意：每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。2．(2018·浙江高考)It is possible ________ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.答案：that　it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。3．(2019·山东临沂联考)Twenty­five years later the traveler returned to the same place. ________ he saw amazed him. He could not believe his own eyes.答案：What　设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示事物，所以用What。句意：25年后，这位旅行者回到了同一个地方。他所看到的使他震惊。他不敢相信自己的眼睛。4．________ the dinosaurs suddenly disappeared remained a mystery.答案：Why　设空处在本句中引导主语从句，并在从句中作原因状语，应用why。句意：恐龙为什么突然消失仍然是一个谜。5．Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.答案：Whatever　“________ you can do”为主语从句，该从句缺少宾语，且表示“任何事情”，故答案为Whatever。句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要，你能做的任何事情都有帮助。6．________ they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.答案：That　that引导主语从句，位于句首，只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何成分，无语意，that不可省略。句意：从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们真是亲姐妹。7．________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.答案：When　根据句子的结构来判断，“________ the delayed flight will take off”是主语从句，再根据句子的意思来判断，此处表示“什么时间”。句意：那班被延误的航班将什么时间起飞很大程度上取决于天气。8．________ struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.答案：What　“________ struck me most in the movie”在句中作主语，该主语从句中谓语动词struck缺少主语，且表物，故填What。句意：电影中给我留下深刻印象的是父亲对儿子深深的爱。9．________ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.答案：Whichever　whichever引导主语从句，对one有限定和强调作用。whichever one of you相当于whoever。句意：无论你们谁打碎了窗玻璃都是要赔偿的。10．________ weight loss is of benefit to health has been debated because of this concept that being overweight is protective.答案：Whether　设空处引导主语从句，位于句首，且表“是否”，故用Whether。句意：因为超重(对健康)有保护作用这一理念，所以人们对减肥是否对健康有益还有争论。11．(2019·福建龙岩五校期中)Therefore, it is advisable ________ you should value and treat them with care.答案：that　“________ you should value and treat them with care”为主语从句，该从句不缺成分和语意，故用that引导。句意：因此人们建议你应该珍惜、谨慎对待它们。12．________ pollutes the environment should be punished.答案：Whoever　设空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，意为“……的那些人，……的任何人”。句意：任何污染环境的人都应该受到惩罚。13．________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.答案：How　has之前的部分为句子的主语。设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作方式状语，故用How。14．The limits of a person's intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ________ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.答案：whether　whether意为“是否”，引导主语从句，起连接作用，不作成分。句意：一般来说，人的智力极限在出生的时候已经确定了，但是能否达到极限取决于他所处的环境。15．________ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.答案：Where　根据was born可知，此处应用表示地点的连接副词where引导主语从句。句意：伟大的中国诗人李白出生的地方为公众所知，但有些人不接受。Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2019·海南海口调研)As students, which we can repay our mothers is to spare no effort to study hard.__________________________________________________________________答案：which→what　分析句子结构可知，逗号后至is前的部分为主语从句，引导词在从句中作repay的宾语，指“什么”，应用what引导。故将which改为what。2．(2019·河北唐山模拟)It's a great pity what we won't be able to finish the task on time.__________________________________________________________________答案：what→that　It作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句，主语从句中不缺语意和成分，故用that引导。3．(2019·吉林长春监测)That is known to us that respect for one's parents is one of Chinese traditional moral values.__________________________________________________________________答案：That→It　It is known to us that ...为固定句式，表示“我们都知道，众所周知”，其中It为形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语，故将That改为It。4．As is known to us all is that our planet is facing very serious environmental issues.__________________________________________________________________答案：As→What　分析句子结构可知，第二个is前的部分在句中作主语，as不引导主语从句，此处表“什么”，故用What。5．It is known to us all is that the living standard of the Chinese people has been greatly improved.__________________________________________________________________答案：It→What或去掉第二个is　分析题干结构“... is known to us all”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语。如果用it作形式主语，需去掉all后的is，that引导的从句作真正的主语。6．(2018·山东师大附中一模)His favorite food is fried snacks and soft drinks. It is no surprise what losing weight is just his dream.__________________________________________________________________答案：what→that　It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。从句中结构及句意完整，故用that引导。句意：他最喜欢的食物是油炸类小吃和软饮料。减肥只是他的梦想一点都不令人吃惊。7．It is often the case why anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.__________________________________________________________________答案：why→that　从句中不缺少任何成分且意思完整，故使用that引导。句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。8．That had been studied were lions in Tanzania, tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil.__________________________________________________________________答案：That→What　此处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，意为“什么”，故用What。9．Whether the general would inspect their troops greatly inspired the soldiers. __________________________________________________________________答案：Whether→That　主语从句句意完整，不缺成分，因此将Whether改为That。10．Which present you buy for your mother is not important at this time but the meaning counts. __________________________________________________________________答案：Which→What　which表示选择意义，这里并没有给出范围。what present “什么样的礼物”，符合句意，因此将Which改为What。11．It still remains a mystery that the ancient people managed to carry such huge stones onto the top of the mountain.__________________________________________________________________答案：that→how　分析句子结构可知，本句中的It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，结合句意可知，从句的引导词意思是“如何”，表示方式。故将that改为how。12．It's known to all what China is a developing country.__________________________________________________________________答案：what→that　本句中It是形式主语，真正的主语是其后的从句。分析句子结构可知，主语从句不缺任何成分且句意完整，应用连接词that引导此从句。13．Whoever one of you breaks the window is to blame.__________________________________________________________________答案：Whoever→Whichever　这是一个主语从句，引导词限定后面的one，且表示在限定范围(you)中的任何一个，故用whichever，意为“无论哪一个”。句意：你们之中不管是谁打破了窗户，都要受到批评。14．If I go or not is up to me.__________________________________________________________________答案：If→Whether　引导词意为“是否”，is前是主语从句，一般用whether不用if。15．That annoyed him most was that he had received no apology.__________________________________________________________________答案：That→What　此处为主语从句，从句中缺主语，故用what引导。that引导主语从句只起连接作用，无意义且不作成分。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2018·北京高考)Without his support, we wouldn't be ________ we are now.答案：where　此处where引导表语从句。句意：假如没有他的支持，我们就不会取得现在的成就。where表示抽象的“位置，处境”。2．(2019·福建福州模拟)The problem is ________ one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement.答案：that　分析句子结构可知，is后为表语从句，从句的结构和句意完整，故填that。句意：问题是少睡一小时不等同于额外的一小时的成就。3．(2018·北京高考)This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.答案：what　分析句子结构可知，is后的表语从句中缺少taught的宾语，意为“……的事情/东西”，故应用what来引导该从句。句意：这是我父亲教我的东西——永远直面困难，凡事往好处想。4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for.答案：what　that's not后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，故填what。句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非造船的目的。5．That's ________ people should eat more fruit and vegetables in their daily life.答案：why　“That is why ...”(那就是……的原因)是固定句型。句意：那就是为什么人们在日常生活中应多吃水果和蔬菜的原因。6．The thick smog covered the whole city. It was ________ a great black blanket had been thrown over it.答案：as if　as if 引导表语从句，用黑色的毯子比喻浓雾。句意：浓雾覆盖着整座城市，好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。7．(2019·湖南岳阳一中检测)Mr White is opposed to repairing the old building, and that's ________ I don't agree.答案：where　设空处引导表语从句，从句中agree 是不及物动词，其后不能直接接名词作宾语。故填where在从句中作状语。句意：怀特先生反对维修那座旧建筑，而那正是我不同意的地方。8．Charles Dickens described the life in the middle of the 19th century, a period that is ________ Queen Victory ruled the Britain.答案：when　根据语境可知，此处应由连接副词when引导表语从句，意思是“……的时候”，在从句中作状语。9．(2018·江苏高考)By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived.答案：how　is后是一个表语从句，根据by boat可知，该处指方式和方法，故用how来引导该从句。句意：坐船是来这里的唯一途径，我们就是坐船来的。10．The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal.答案：when　分析句子结构可知，“________ he scored the winning goal”在句中作表语，是表语从句，根据句意可知这里应表示“当……时候”，故填when。句意：对足球明星来说，最得意的时刻是踢进制胜球的时候。Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2019·山东省枣庄八中月考)The main reason for this was because my mother didn't know how to cook anything when she got married.__________________________________________________________________答案：because→that　分析句子结构可知，was后为表语从句，且从句中不缺成分，故把because改为that。2．(2019·广东汕头监测)The first reason why I consider him as my best friend is because he has a very warm personality.__________________________________________________________________答案：because→that　The reason why ... is that ...，为固定句型，用that引导表语从句。3．(2019·广东省高三“六校联盟”第一次联考)Today, Chinese is which my strength lies.__________________________________________________________________答案：which→where　is后为表语从句，且从句中缺地点状语，故把which改为where。句意：中文是我的优势所在。4．The last time we had great fun was that we were visiting the Baihua Park in Jinan.__________________________________________________________________答案：that→when　根据The last time可知，表语从句中缺少时间状语，所以用when引导表语从句。故把that改为when。句意：我们最近一次玩得很愉快的时候是参观济南百花公园的时候。5．The winner will be that gets the most votes.__________________________________________________________________答案：that→whoever　此处表述“任何得票最多的人”，应用whoever引导表语从句。6．The question is that we can persuade him to go with me.__________________________________________________________________答案：that→how/whether　how意为“如何”，引导表语从句，作方式状语，符合语境。此处也可以用whether “是否”引导表语从句，故将that改为how/whether。7．The great thing about music is it can bring people of different cultural backgrounds together.__________________________________________________________________答案：it前加that　分析句子结构可知，这是含有表语从句的复合句，从句中不缺成分，但引导词that不可省略，故it前加that。8．The woman loves those orphans so much that it seems that they were her own children. __________________________________________________________________答案：第二个that→as if　seem意为“好像”，后面接as if引导表语从句，表示虚拟。9．Home is that we complain the most, but are often treated the best.__________________________________________________________________答案：that→where　but后省略了主语we，is后是表语从句，complain是不及物动词，从句中不缺主语或宾语，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导该从句，表示“在……之处”。故将that改为where。10．What we can explain is that we need energy but we can't tell where the energy comes from. __________________________________________________________________答案：that→why　根据句意及explain可知，这里与原因有关，因此用why引导表语从句。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree­lined street, not knowing ________ she was heading.答案：where　动词head是不及物动词，表示行走的方向，因此此处指某个地方，故用where引导该宾语从句。句意：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，不知道要去哪里。2．(2017·天津高考)She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.答案：whether/if　whether/if引导宾语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，表示“是否”。句意：她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认还没还。3．(2017·江苏高考)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ________ it used to charge.答案：what　设空处引导名词性从句作介词of的宾语，同时在从句中作charge的宾语，表示物，故用what引导该从句。句意：我们选择这家旅馆，因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是他们以前要价的一半。4．(2019·河北联考)I asked him ________ his father had done so that he became such a good person.答案：what　设空处引导宾语从句，作asked的宾语，从句中缺少had done的宾语，指“什么”，因此用what引导该从句。句意：我问他他的父亲做了什么，使他成为一个如此好的人。5．(2019·福建安溪模拟)Success partially depends on ________ you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.答案：whether　设空处引导名词性从句，作介词on的宾语，意为“是否”，故只能填whether。句意：成功部分取决于你是否有耐心把简单的事情做得完美。6．I don't know ________ he does any washing or not.答案：whether　设空处引导宾语从句，且表“是否”含义，从句中有or not，故只能用whether引导。7．Recently we have come to understand ________ the way you dress yourself is a reflection of your occupation, your background and your personality.答案：that　空格处引导名词性从句，作understand的宾语，且从句句意完整，不缺成分，故用that引导宾语从句。8．(2019·山东泰安期中)Students can choose ________ they want to do and register online.答案：what/whatever　“________ they want to do”为宾语从句，该从句缺少宾语，表示“(无论)什么”，故填what或whatever。句意：学生们可以选择他们想做的(任何)事情并在网上注册。9．(2019·福建福州期中)They would appreciate it, to be frank, ________ the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.答案：if　would appreciate it if ... 表示“如果……将不胜感激”，it作形式宾语，if引导的从句是真正的宾语。句意：坦白地说，如果货物能够尽快被运送，他们将会非常感激。10．She is talking about ________ she experienced in Beijing last week.答案：what　设空处引导名词性从句作talk about的宾语，且在从句中作experienced的宾语，表示“什么”，故用what。11．My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to ________ I live.答案：where　分析句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句，意为“我所居住的地方”，故用where引导。12．At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see ________ it got any better.答案：whether/if　whether/if引导的从句作see的宾语，在从句中不作任何成分，表示“是否”。句意：起先他讨厌这个新工作， 但决定给自己几个月时间看看是否能感觉好点。13．(2018·天津高考)The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.答案：whoever　分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的那个人，……的任何人”，故用whoever引导该宾语从句。句意：金牌将颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。14．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.答案：who　分析句子成分，空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，根据后面的“me or the female gorilla”可知，作者把自己和大猩猩作对比，表示“我不知道我和大猩猩谁更害怕”，故填who。15．I didn't understand ________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.答案：why　根据语境可知，设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作原因状语，意为“为何”，故用why引导。Ⅱ.单句改错1．We don't care if he will come to the meeting or not.__________________________________________________________________答案：if→whether　whether ... or not ... “是否”，if不与or not连用，故此处用whether。2．(2019·湖南省三湘名校教育联盟高三第一次大联考)I was wondering why was the matter when my little brother began to cough loudly.__________________________________________________________________答案：why→what　wondering后为宾语从句，且从句中缺主语，表示“什么”，所以why改为what。3．Before leaving the meeting, the manager made it clear whether he didn't agree to the proposal that was to be passed. __________________________________________________________________答案：whether→that　make it clear ... “申明，说清楚”，it为形式宾语，后面的从句作真正的宾语。whether引导的从句表达不确定的信息，不符合句意。4．The master thought it possible how most of the students could remember five hundred words in a day.__________________________________________________________________答案：how→that　分析句子结构可知，it作形式宾语，possible后的从句作真正的宾语；根据句意可知，从句不缺任何成分且句意完整。故改how为that。5．(2019·黑龙江哈尔滨三中高三第二次调研)If so, then you know that stress is.__________________________________________________________________答案：that→what　动词know后面的部分为宾语从句，连接词作is的表语，且表示“什么”，故将know后面的that改为what。6．After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.__________________________________________________________________答案：where→that或去掉where　在从句his parents were missing中不缺成分且意思完整，故将where改为that或去掉where。7．The free tickets will go to whomever comes first to the concert.__________________________________________________________________答案：whomever→whoever　介词to后的名词性从句中缺少主语，且指人，所以用whoever引导。8．Mother suggested why we should take some medicine when we go on hiking. __________________________________________________________________答案：why→that　suggest后面跟宾语从句时一般用that连接。9．I'd appreciate it that you gave us a hand when we have emergent occasions. __________________________________________________________________答案：that→if　it为形式宾语，后面if引导的宾语从句为真正的宾语。appreciate it if ... “如果……将不胜感激”。10．I hate it that people talk with their mouths full of food. __________________________________________________________________答案：that→when　it为形式宾语，后面的从句为真正的宾语。hate it when ... “不喜欢人们做……”。11．He couldn't remember when he had seen him. Perhaps it was somewhere in New York. __________________________________________________________________答案：when→where　根据“somewhere in New York”可知，remember后面的宾语从句与地点有关，因此改when为where。12．The shocking news made me realize how terrible problems we would face.__________________________________________________________________答案：how→what　realize后面跟宾语从句，从句由what引导，修饰限定problems。13．People have heard what the president has said; they are waiting to see when he will do.__________________________________________________________________答案：when→what　see后应用what引导宾语从句，在从句中作do的宾语。14．I wonder that the equipment will be available in ten days.__________________________________________________________________答案：that→whether/if　这是一个宾语从句。I wonder if/whether ...意为“我想知道……是否……”，符合语境。故将that改为whether/if。15．Having checked the doors were closed, and all the lights were off, the boy went to his bedroom.__________________________________________________________________答案：and后加that　Having checked后面跟了两个宾语从句the doors were closed和all the lights were off，宾语从句中的第一个从句中的that可省略，但第二个从句的引导词that不能省略。因此在and后加that。