2020高考英语二轮复习习题册第五章情态动词和虚拟语气
展开专题五 | 情态动词和虚拟语气
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·天津高考)My room is a mess, but I ________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
答案：needn't 根据下文“I can do it in the morning”可知，“我”可以早上搞卫生，因此晚上没有必要打扫房间了，故填needn't。
2．(2017·北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
答案：can 表示能力用can。句意：我们班最高的男孩塞缪尔能够轻松够到顶层架子上的书。
3．(2018·江苏高考)It's strange that he ________ have taken the books without the owner's permission.
答案：should 此处should作情态动词，表示“竟然”，符合句意。句意：很奇怪，他竟然未经主人同意就拿走了那些书。
4．(2019·江西五校联考)It has been accepted that all the students ________ put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus.
答案：shall 在第三人称作主语的陈述句中，shall可表示规定、命令。
5．(2018·北京高考)In today's information age, the loss of data ________ cause serious problems for a company.
答案：can can在此表示客观可能性，意为“可能会，有时候会”。句意：在如今的信息化时代，丢失数据可能会给一个公司造成严重的问题。
6．________ you succeed in your future career!
答案：May 有些祝愿语的话以may开头。may sb./sth. do sth. “愿某人/某事做某事”。句意：祝你在以后的事业中取得成功！
7．(2019·安徽黄山质检)—I'm afraid I have to leave now，for you see, he is waiting for me.
—Well, if you ________， at least wait till the heavy rain stops.
答案：must 根据语境可知填must，意为“偏要；非得”。句意：——恐怕现在我不得不离开了，因为你知道，他在等我。——好的，如果你非得走，至少要等到大雨停了再走。
8．Since nobody gave him any help, he ________ have done the research on his own.
答案：must 根据题干中“Since nobody gave him any help”可判断设空处表示肯定的推测。句意：既然没有人帮助他，他一定是独自完成了这项研究。
9．That man ________ be our head teacher. He has gone to Indonesia and is supposed to be back in two days' time.
答案：can't can't是对某一情况极有把握的否定推测。句意：这个人不可能是我们的校长，他去印度尼西亚了，应该在两天后返回。
10．________ it have been the failure to pick up directions from the ground control that caused the air crash?
答案：could could have done可表对已发生之事的推测，此处是其一般疑问句结构。句意：此次空难是不是因为飞机无法接收地面控制中心的指令造成的？
11．We ________ as well stay at home. It is raining so hard.
答案：might/may might/may as well意为“倒不如……，还是……为好，最好还是……”，是固定搭配，符合语境。句意：我们倒不如待在家里，雨下得很大。
12．—I've told Nancy many times about the meeting, but she still forgot it!
—I understand. Actually, anyone ________ be very forgetful at times.
答案：can can可用来表示客观可能性。句意：——我多次告诉南希关于会议的事情，但她还是忘了！——我了解。事实上，任何人偶尔都会健忘。
13．When I was young, I ________ sit at the entrance of our village, waiting for father to come back from work.
答案：would would可表示过去习惯性的动作。句意：我小时候总是坐在村口，等待父亲下班回家。
14．If you think the price of beef is too high, you ________ as well buy some pork. It depends on you.
答案：might/may “may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。句意：如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。
15．There is thick snow on my car and now the engine simply ________ start.
答案：won't will用于非人称主语时，表示物体的固有性质和倾向，这是一种固定用法。句意：我的车上覆盖了厚厚的雪，引擎启动不了了。
16．It seems unfair that this ________ happen to me.
答案：should should表示因为出乎意料而感到惊讶，意为“竟然”。句意：真不公平，这件事竟然发生在我身上。
17．You ________ park here！It's an emergency exit.
答案：mustn't mustn't 表示“禁止，不可以”。句意：你不可以在这儿停车！这是紧急出口处。
18．You ________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.
答案：may may表示“可能，也许，或许”的意思。句意：也许你会认为所有的培训是浪费时间，但是我百分之百地确信之后你会庆幸你这么做了。
19．Life is unpredictable; even the poorest ________ become the richest.
答案：might 根据前句中的unpredictable可知，成为富人并不是不可能的，might表示一种很小的可能性。句意：生活是不可预料的，甚至最贫穷的人都可能变成最富有的人。
20．We ________ have hurried all the way to the airport—the flight was called off because of the foggy weather.
答案：needn't needn't have done “本没必要做却做了”。句意：我们本不必一路急匆匆地赶往机场的——因为大雾天气航班被取消了。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me.
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答案：去掉let前的to would表示“意愿”，为情态动词，后面直接接动词原形。
2．(2019·安徽江淮十校联考)As the deadline is drawing near, no one should leave with his own work uncompleted.
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答案：should→shall shall用于第三人称陈述句中，表示命令、警告。句意：由于截止日期即将到来，不完成工作，任何人不许离开。
3．(2019·河南郑州预测)He became very angry, but I dared not to tell him about the game.
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答案：去掉to dare既可以作情态动词又可以作实义动词。dare的过去式为dared，此处其前没有用助动词，说明dare在此用作情态动词，故后跟动词原形。
4．We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.
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答案：chose→choose 情态动词后应该用动词原形。
5．(2019·四川成都五校联考)People neglect the fact that our parents are the dearest persons in the world, so we should nice to our parents.
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答案：should后加be 情态动词后用动词原形，而nice为形容词，因此其前缺少be动词，故在should后加be。
6．People around us should affect our thoughts and behaviors.
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答案：should→can can表示可能性，根据语境可知，周围的人有可能对我们的思想和行为产生影响。
7．(2019·湖南衡阳八中模拟)It is true that no one should live without money in modern society.
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答案：should→can 根据句意可知，表示“能，能够”，应用can。
8．He chose to teach in a western province, though he would have stayed in the city for a better life.
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答案：would→could could have done意为“本能够做……(但未做……)”。句意：虽然他可以在这个城市过更好的生活，但他却选择到西部省份支教。
9．Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.
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答案：can→should或去掉can suggest在此处表示“建议”，后面接宾语从句时，从句中谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
10．—Tell me your secret.
—I mustn't. It wouldn't be a secret if I told you.
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答案：mustn't→won't mustn't表示禁止或不允许而这里表示说话人的意愿。故将mustn't改为won't。
11．When I was a child, I could go swimming in summer.
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答案：could→would would用来表示过去常常发生的动作。
12．He should have arrived there by now, but you'd better call him to make sure.
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答案：should→may/might 根据make sure可知，他是否已经到达还不能确定，因此用表示有可能发生的may/might have done，而should have done表示应该做但没有做到的一种情况。
13．If the first few sentences of your application letter fail to win the reader's attention, the rest of the letter will not be read at all.
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答案：will→may will表示计划或打算，肯定的语气很强，但事实上招聘方也是有可能读完全部的申请信的，因此，may “可能，也许”更符合语境。
14．—I am worn out now. I stayed up last night to finish the report.
—Oh？You wouldn't have.The professor asked us to hand it in next week.
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答案：wouldn't→needn't needn't have done ... 意为“本没有必要做……(但做了……)”。句意：——我现在疲惫不堪，为了完成报告我昨晚熬夜了。——哦？你没有必要这样做，教授要求我们下周交。
15．If you can help do some housework the whole vacation, you should have an MP5 as a reward.
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答案：should→shall 本句中，a reward 是对假期做家务行为的承诺，因此用shall。should表示责任和义务，意为“应该”，不符合语境。
16．—Is Jack on duty today?
—It can be him. It's his turn tomorrow.
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答案：can→can't can't表示对现在情况较有把握的否定猜测或判断，意为“不可能”。根据所提供的情景“It's his turn tomorrow.”可判断出不可能是他。
17．It's a nonsmoking area. If you will smoke, please go outside the gate.
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答案：will→must 此处must表示“非要，一定要”。句意：这里是非吸烟区。如果你一定要抽烟，请到门外边。
18．On hearing the bell, the students rushed to the dinning hall before I might stop them.
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答案：might→could before sb. can do意为“某人还没来得及……”。由主句中的谓语动词rushed可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，应用can的过去式could。句意：一听到铃声，学生们就冲向了餐厅，我都来不及阻止他们。
19．As we can see, Peter is very happy, so he should have passed the exam. After all, it's not difficult at all.
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答案：should→must 根据happy可知，彼得一定是通过了考试。must have done sth.表示对过去事情的肯定推测，意为“一定做过某事”。
20．It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, could bring me food.
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答案：could→should should在这里表示“竟然”的意思。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·北京高考)If the new safety system ________ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
答案：had been put 根据主句的时态可知，这是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句应该用过去完成时，另外，safety system与put to use之间是被动关系，因此填had been put。句意：如果新的安全系统被投入使用的话，这起事故就不会发生了。
2．(2019·江苏高考)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ (have) a good time together.
答案：would/could/should/might have had or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，由missed可知，从句表示对过去的情况的一种假设。句意：真可惜！你错过了观光，否则我们会在一起过得很愉快。
3．(2017·江苏高考)________ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
答案：Were 根据主句时态可知，这是表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语用were；在非真实条件句中，若有should, had或were时，if可省略，而将should, had或were提至主语前，形成部分倒装。句意：如果没有老师们的支持，这名学生不可能战胜困难。
4．(2018·江苏高考)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ________ (have) a second chance to become more involved.
答案：had wish后接从句，表示不太现实或不太可能实现的愿望，从句要用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用did(be动词用were)；叙述与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语用had done；叙述与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语用would/could/might do。由语境可知，此处叙述与现在事实相反的假设，故填had。句意：在这个村子里社交生活良好，我希望我能再有机会更多地参与其中。
5．(2018·天津高考)If we ________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.
答案：had caught 由yesterday可知，If从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，其谓语动词需用“had＋过去分词”形式。句意：如果昨天我们赶上那趟航班，我们现在就会正在沙滩上享受我们的假期了。
6．I wish I ________ (be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
答案：had been wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，对过去发生过的事情的假设要用过去完成时。句意：我希望上个星期二我出席了姐姐的婚礼，但那时我正在纽约出差。
7．It is lucky we booked a room, or we ________ (have) nowhere to stay now.
答案：would have or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，根据now可知，后半句表示与现在情况相反的假设，因此用“would＋动词原形”结构。句意：很幸运我们订了一个房间，否则我们现在将无处可住。
8．(2019·四川绵阳质检)Don't handle the vase as if it ________ (make) of steel.
答案：were made as if意为“好像”，分析句意可知as if后面的句子须使用虚拟语气，并且所述情况是对现在事实的假设，因此使用一般过去时(be动词用were)，由于it与make之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。
9．________ anyone come to my office, please tell them I'm not available before four o'clock.
答案：Should 这里用的是if虚拟语气的省略倒装，相当于“if anyone should come to my office”，表示对将来的假设。这种虚拟条件句可以省略if，将should提前。句意：如果有人来到我的办公室，请告诉他们在4点前我不在。
10．The school took the students' request into consideration that a party ________ (hold) to celebrate the victory.
答案：(should) be held that引导request的同位语从句，谓语动词应用(should＋)动词原形。party与hold之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。句意：校方考虑了学生的要求——举办一场晚会来庆祝这次胜利。
11．(2019·四川成都七中段考)The young firefighter insisted that he ________ (be) wellprepared and should be sent there to put out the fire.
答案：was 当insist意为“坚持说；坚持认为”时用陈述语气，且根据主句时态为一般过去时可知，从句也应用一般过去时。故填was。句意：那位年轻的消防员坚持说他准备好了，并且坚持要去那里救火。
12．It was commanded that the coal mine survivors ________ (send) to the nearest hospital for treatment.
答案：(should) be sent “It is commanded＋that从句”中从句的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”，属于虚拟语气结构；从句中的主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，故填(should) be sent。句意：根据命令，矿难生还者被送往最近的医院接受治疗。
13．(2019·河北石家庄质检)My mom suggests that we ________ (eat out) for a change this weekend.
答案：(should) eat out suggest表示“建议”时，所跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气，故填(should) eat out。
14．We would rather our daughter ________ (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
答案：stayed would rather后直接跟宾语从句时，如果表示现在或将来要做的事情，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。句意：我们很希望女儿与我们一起待在家中，但要看她的选择，她不再是个孩子了。
15．(2019·山东济南模拟)Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she ________ (live) there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
答案：were to live/should live/lived 根据“wouldn't be able to see ...”及句意可知，该句为与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，所以if从句谓语动词需用“were to do或should do或动词过去式”。句意：Grace不想搬到纽约去，因为她认为如果她住在那里，就不能经常见到父母了。
16．Thank you, Grandma! I ________ (not win) the prize without your encouragement.
答案：mightn't/wouldn't/couldn't/shouldn't have won
without “如果没有”引出的是含蓄的虚拟条件，赢得奖项是过去发生的动作，表示与过去事实相反，主句中谓语动词可用might/would/could/should have done。句意：奶奶，谢谢您！如果没有您的鼓励，我就赢不了(不可能会赢得)这个奖项。
17．If only I ________ (get) up a little earlier this morning！I missed the bus by only a minute and waited half an hour for another.
答案：had got if only ... 相当于how I wish ...，意为“要是……的话就好了，但愿……”，后面的句子用虚拟语气；根据missed可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以空格处应用had got。句意：今天早晨我如果早点起床就好了！那辆公共汽车我只错过了一分钟，等另一辆车等了半小时。
18．(2019·江西瑞金模拟)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would ________ (visit) more places of interest yesterday.
答案：have visited 根据语境可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，需用“would＋have＋过去分词”结构。
19．If they ________ (not miss) the flight yesterday, they would be in Paris now.
答案：hadn't missed 该句是错综时间虚拟条件句，条件从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，应用过去完成时；主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词用would do。故填hadn't missed。句意：如果他们昨天没有错过航班，现在他们就在巴黎了。
20．(2019·山东青岛质检)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ________ (have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
答案：had 根据第一句可知，设空处是对现在的假设，故if从句谓语动词用过去式。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．If only I am free now, but I'm too busy to spare any time to have a chat with you.
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答案：am→were if only后面跟的从句表示与现在的情况相反的假设，谓语动词用一般过去时(be的过去式要用were)。
2．—What a pity! You missed my birthday party.
—Terribly sorry! Should my uncle not visited me unexpectedly.
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答案：Should→Had 句意：——真遗憾！你错过了我的生日聚会。——非常抱歉！要是我叔叔没有突然来看我，(我就不会错过你的生日聚会了)。回答句省略了一部分，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件句应用had done，当if从句中有had时可将if省略，had提前构成部分倒装。
3．(2019·江西南昌十校模拟)As a result, I suggest we are given less homework and more time for outofclassroom activities. Only in this way can we live a happy and healthy life.
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答案：are→be suggest在此处表示“建议”，因此其后跟的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋do”形式，且should可以省略。故此处应把are改为be。
4．I actually believe that we could be in Boston now if we were not caught in the heavy rain.
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答案：were not→had not been 在表示与过去的情况相反的虚拟语气结构中，if从句用过去完成时。
5．His request is that he paid by the month instead of by the year.
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答案：paid前加(should) be 在表示命令、请求、建议、要求、推荐等名词后的表语从句中，应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略；he与pay之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故应用(should) be paid。
6．There is a possibility that these hens could be frightened and lay fewer eggs would there be a sudden loud noise.
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答案：would→should 句意：如果突然有很大的噪音，这些母鸡有可能会因受到惊吓而少下蛋。在if引导的虚拟句中，如果从句里有should, were或had这三个动词，可将if省略，should/were/had置于主语之前，因此，题干的后半句可以看作是： ... if there should be a sudden loud noise。
7．What a difficult test! Fortunately I worked hard, otherwise I have failed.
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答案：have前加would 考试虽然难，但是由于努力学习已通过了，由此可知，后面提到的不及格是与过去事实相反。otherwise前的句子相当于虚拟条件从句“if I hadn't worked hard”，故otherwise后面是主句，要用“would＋have done”的形式表示与过去事实相反的情况。
8．—It seems that people are becoming more and more selfish.
—How much happier life would be if we are to return to the values of the past!
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答案：第二个are→were 根据句子的语境可知，此处表对将来情况的虚拟，从句用“should＋动词原形，were to＋动词原形，或者动词过去式”。句意：——似乎人们在变得越来越自私。——如果能回到过去的生活价值观的话，生活将会多么快乐。
9．The chancellor urges that those files shall be printed right now.
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答案：shall→should或去掉shall urge引导的宾语从句中谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。files和print之间是被动关系，故用(should) be
printed。句意：名誉校长极力主张把那些文件打印出来。
10．It's a pity that we can't arrange for our agenda; otherwise we enjoy far more freedom during the whole journey.
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答案：enjoy前加would 本题考查otherwise引导的与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。句意：很遗憾我们安排不了我们的旅程，要不然我们在旅游过程中就会有更多的自由了。
11．The doctor insisted that the patient stayed in bed for two weeks.
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答案：stayed→(should) stay insist意为“坚持主张，坚决要求”时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。
12．(2019·临沂模拟)If society was a coach, the etiquette would be the wheels, on which only the coach could roll forward.
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答案：was→were 本句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，if从句的谓语动词要用过去式，be动词用were。
13．Are there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
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答案：Are→Were 根据would have to以及句意可知，这是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句应用一般过去时；当if从句中有were, had或should时可将if省略，同时将它们提到主语前构成部分倒装。句意：要不是现代化的电讯，我们就不得不等好几个星期才能得到来自世界各地的消息。
14．Mr Simmons always tries to make me keep in mind that how much easier my life will be if I were better organized.
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答案：will→would 根据if I were better organized可知是表示与现在事实相反的虚拟，故主句用would do。句意：西蒙先生总是试图让我记住，要是我更加有条理的话，我的生活会更容易些。
15．If Mr Dewey were present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
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答案：were→had been 从主句中的 would have offered可以看出，从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故应用过去完成时。句意：如果Dewey先生在场的话，他就会为那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。
16．It is high time that we take effective measures to protect the air from being polluted.
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答案：take→took或take前加should 在“It is high time that ...”句式中，从句谓语动词用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”，且should不可以省略。
17．It is surprising that they chose to do what others think impossible within such a short time.
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答案：chose→should choose 这是“It is＋形容词＋that从句”的句型，从句需要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”。
18．Thank you so much! But for your text message, I would leave my ID card at home this morning.
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答案：leave→have left but for (要不是)引出的是含蓄虚拟条件句，由句意可知，“我”没有把身份证落在家里，所以此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句中谓语动词用would have done。故将leave改为have left。
19．Without the timely rescue of the firefighters, more people would be killed.
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答案：be→have been without意为“如果不是……的话”。根据语境可
知，这是表示与过去的情形相反的虚拟语气，且people与kill之间为被动关系，因此用would have been。
20．Had it not been for the development of modern technology, we would live a hard and simple life.
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答案：live→have lived 根据had it not been可知，这个虚拟语气表示与过去的情况相反的假设，因此主句用would have done。
