2020高考英语二轮复习习题册第六章不定式动名词和分词

专题六 | 不定式、动名词、分词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·北京高考)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ (save) their valuable time.答案：to save　此处不定式作目的状语。句意：现在许多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机牌以节约他们的宝贵时间。2．(2017·天津高考)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train________ (catch)．答案：to catch　根据句意可知，此处表示将要发生的动作，故用动词不定式作后置定语，catch与a train之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，且句子主语I也是不定式的逻辑主语时，用主动形式表被动含义。句意：整个会议期间，我一直在看时间，因为我要赶火车。3．(2018·北京高考)During the Mid­Autumn Festival, family members often gather together ________ (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.答案：to share　此处需要用不定式表示gather together的目的。句意：在中秋节期间，家庭成员经常聚到一起吃饭、赏月、品尝月饼。4．There are always lots of people in the street, and there is always something ________ (see) or do.答案：to see　不定式在本句中作后置定语。句意：街上总是人流不断，总是有可看的和可做的事情。5．(2018·天津高考)I didn't mean ________ (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help trying it.答案：to eat　mean to do sth. “打算做某事”。句意：我没打算吃东西，但这冰激凌看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住尝了一下。6．He told us whether ________ (have) a picnic was still under discussion.答案：to have　“wh­疑问词＋不定式”结构，可在句中作主语或宾语，在本句中“whether to have a picnic”在told后的宾语从句中作主语。句意：他告诉我们是否去野餐还在讨论之中。7．(2019·浙江高考)But some students didn't want ________ (wear) the uniform.答案：to wear　want to do sth. “想要做某事”，是固定用法。8．(2019·贵州适应性考试)When you meet people from different cultures, it is important ________ (understand) what you can and cannot do.答案：to understand　分析该句结构可知，该句使用了“It is/was＋adj.＋to do sth.”的句型，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。9．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don't have to run fast or for long ________ (see) the benefit.答案：to see　不定式短语to see the benefit作目的状语。句意：你不必跑得很快，也不必跑很长时间就会见到效果。10．With a lot of clothes ________ (wash), Mom had no time for relaxation. 答案：to wash　此处为with复合结构，句子主语Mom和wash之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，不用被动形式。根据had no time for relaxation可知，没有时间休息，即这些衣服将要被洗，此处不定式表示将来。故用to wash。11．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I have good news ________ (tell) you that our school's table tennis team is recruiting new members.答案：to tell　句意：我告诉你个好消息，我们学校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。动词不定式作定语，表将要发生的动作。12．(2019·云南玉溪月考)You lose weight for a while, only ________ (gain) back more weight when you stop your weight loss program.答案：to gain　“only＋不定式”表示意想不到的结果。13．Twenty people were reported ________ (injure) in the suicide bomb attack. 答案：to have been injured　believe/consider/report/say等动词用于“Sb.＋be＋v.­ed to have done sth.”结构中时，后面的动词不定式的完成式，表示该动作发生于谓语动作之前，由于people与injure之间为被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。句意：据报道，在这起自杀式炸弹袭击中有二十人受伤。14．It is impossible for humans ________ (land) on the Mars at the moment. 答案：to land　在“It is＋adj.＋to do”结构中，it为形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。句意：在目前情况下，人类是不可能登上火星的。15．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods for tracking polar  bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s, and are expensive ________ (perform) consistently over a large area.答案：to perform　此处是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表被动含义。Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Now my dream is to opens a cafe.__________________________________________________________________答案：opens→open　分析句子，这里是动词不定式作表语，to后面接动词原形。2．(2019·河南洛阳统考)The 15­year­old from Oakland has fascinated audiences in the US and China with his ability sing pitch­perfect Mandarin (普通话) and perform the ancient Chinese art form.__________________________________________________________________答案：sing前加to　ability to do sth.意为“做某事的能力”，为固定搭配，故用不定式作后置定语。3．(2019·湖北武汉调研)Last Sunday was my birthday, so I invited some guys go out with me for a celebration.__________________________________________________________________答案：go前加to　动词invite后应用不定式作宾语补足语，即invite sb. to do sth.。4．So I would like to advise you not to hurt yourself to trying to make money.__________________________________________________________________答案：trying→try　此处是动词不定式表目的，故to后应用动词原形try。5．The boy made the baby to cry.__________________________________________________________________答案：去掉to　make sb. do sth. “使某人做某事”结构中，要用省略to的不定式。6．(2019·辽宁省五校协作高三联合模拟题)We can make a small air conditioner to controlling the temperature of the wearer.__________________________________________________________________答案：controlling→control　分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，其中to为不定式符号而不是介词，故将controlling改为control。7．I arrived at the shop, only finding I'd left my money at home.__________________________________________________________________答案：finding→to find　only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。8．This machine is very easy to be operated. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.__________________________________________________________________答案：be operated→operate　在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous等。9．You will regret not attending Professor Smith's lecture on development of ecosystem. __________________________________________________________________答案：attending→to attend　regret doing sth.表示“后悔做过某事”。根据will可知，还没有参加讲座，因此用不定式形式。regret not to do sth. “遗憾没有去做某事”。10．After working for about an hour, the manager told us to stop having a coffee break. __________________________________________________________________答案：having→to have　stop doing sth. “停止正在做的事情”。根据语境可知，一直在工作，现在需要停下来休息一下，喝杯咖啡。stop to do sth. “停下来去做另一件事”。11．She couldn't go with us to see the movie as she had two letters to be typed.__________________________________________________________________答案：be typed→type　have sth. to do “有某事要做”，此句中type的逻辑主语是she，故用不定式的主动形式。12．It is stupid of you writing down everything the teacher says.__________________________________________________________________答案：writing→to write　本句中，应用动词的不定式作真正主语，构成“It is/was＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.”句型，故将writing改为to write。13．He said he would do everything he could help me out when I was in trouble. __________________________________________________________________答案：help前加to　he could为定语从句，修饰everything。help me out为do everything的目的状语，故用不定式形式。14．I hoped to meet him at the railway station, but he didn't turn up.__________________________________________________________________答案：meet→have met　hope to do sth. “希望做某事”，表示将来要做的事情。根据“he didn't turn up”可知，“我”本期望能见到他，但他没出现。hope to have done sth. “本希望做到某事”，表示过去未曾实现的想法或计划。15．The wedding is taking place as all the guests have come. __________________________________________________________________答案：taking→to take　根据 “all the guests have come” 可知，来宾已经全部到场，婚礼即将开始，而不是正在举行。be to do sth. “即将做某事，马上做某事”。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A 90­year­old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ________ (be) Britain's oldest full­time employee—still working 40 hours a week.答案：being　介词for后接动词时要用其动名词形式。2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ________ (die) early by running.答案：dying　介词of后接动词时要用其动名词形式。3．(2018·北京高考)________ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.答案：Travelling　系动词前面是主语部分，此处应用动名词作主语。句意：沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是既有趣又有意义的经历。4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.答案：looking　avoid doing sth. “避免做某事”。avoid后面接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式作宾语。5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends ________ (camp), I would have laughed heartily.答案：camping　spend ... doing “花费……做”。6．(2018·浙江高考)I still remember ________ (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years.答案：visiting　remember doing sth. “记得做过某事”。7．We have also formed a special support group to help young people stop ________ (smoke)．答案：smoking　stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”。句意：我们还成立了一个特殊的小组去帮助青少年戒烟。8．It is no use ________ (give) him advice now. He has made up his mind, you know. 答案：giving　“It is no use doing sth.”为固定句型，意为“做某事是毫无用处的”。句意：现在给他忠告是没有用的。他主意已定，你知道的。9．He said he had much difficulty ________ (survive) on the sea by himself.答案：surviving　have difficulty (in) doing sth. “做某事有困难”，动名词作介词in(in通常省略)的宾语。10．All of us know that ________ (learn) is important to modern life.答案：learning　设空处在从句中作主语，且表习惯性的动作，故用learning。Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.__________________________________________________________________答案：manage→managing　分析句子，这里介词in后面缺少宾语，故用动名词。2．(2018·江苏高考改编)Developed the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls for a clear road map and timetable.__________________________________________________________________答案：Developed→Developing　分析句子，is前为主语，应用动名词形式，表示经常性、习惯性行为。3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.__________________________________________________________________答案：sell→selling　by是介词，后接动名词作宾语。4．(2019·四川绵阳模拟)For the whole afternoon they sang and danced happily without think about their schoolwork.__________________________________________________________________答案：think→thinking　without为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。故将think改为thinking。5．(2019·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试)It was my birthday and I was looking forward to see my friends.__________________________________________________________________答案：see→seeing　look forward to中的to为介词，后接名词或动名词形式，故该处用seeing。句意：那天是我的生日，我盼望见到我的朋友们。6．Please contact me if you have any difficulty find the book.__________________________________________________________________答案：find→finding　have difficulty (in) doing sth. 为固定结构，意为“做……有困难”。7．He liked to have coconut juice but this time he liked to have a tin of Coca Cola. __________________________________________________________________答案：第一个to have→having　like doing sth.表示一贯喜欢做某事，而like to do sth.表示偶尔一次喜欢做某事。8．Ignore the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.__________________________________________________________________答案：Ignore→Ignoring　will前为主语，表示一般性事实，应用动名词作主语。9．Taking a taxi is five times as expensive as to take a bus.__________________________________________________________________答案：to take→taking　句子的主语为动名词，taking a bus和taking a taxi进行比较，形式要保持一致，即都用动名词。因此将to take改为taking。10．It was to prepare the president's speech that the secretary spent the whole morning  at home. __________________________________________________________________答案：to prepare→preparing　这是“It was ... that”强调句型，被强调部分是preparing the president's speech，动名词在句中作宾语。spend time (in) doing sth. “花费时间做某事”。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ (range) from butterflies to elephants.答案：ranging　range from ... to ... “从……到……(的范围)变化”，a large collection of wildlife与range之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。句意：国家公园有一大批野生生物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。2．(2017·北京高考)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ (spend) with his students.答案：spent　spend与time之间为动宾关系，因此spend用过去分词形式，作定语修饰time。句意：吉姆已经退休了，不过他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。3．(2017·江苏高考)Many Chinese brands, ________ (develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.答案：having developed　根据over centuries这个时间状语可知，用分词的完成式，brands与develop之间为主动关系，因此填having developed。句意：很多中国品牌享誉数百年，它们正面临着当代市场的新挑战。4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.答案：listening　由and可知，设空处与meeting并列；we和listen之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。5．(2018·天津高考)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________ (take)．答案：taken　have sth. done结构，意为“让别人做某事，让……被做”。my photograph与take之间是被动关系，故需用take的过去分词形式。句意：我需要一个新护照，因此我得去让人给我照相。6．(2019·四川成都诊断)To his surprise, Jack found his son ________ (dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve.答案：dressed　此处为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，用过去分词作宾语补足语。dress意为“给(某人)穿衣”，常用于dress sb.或sb. be/get dressed结构。句意：使杰克惊讶的是，他发现儿子在圣诞节前夜被装扮成了圣诞老人。7．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China's approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.答案：feeding　China与feed之间是主动关系，所以用“连词＋现在分词”形式作状语。8．(2019·湖北武昌调研)The Yangtze River, ________ (know) in China as the Chang Jiang, is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country.答案：known　主语The Yangtze River和know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表被动。9．(2019·浙江宁波联考)I like staying up late ________ (watch) TV, surfing the Internet or doing something I'm fond of.答案：watching　watch与其逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，表示伴随状态，故填现在分词watching。10．(2019·河南重点高中质检)There is a ________ (grow) tendency nowadays for some people to treat animals as living meat and walking fur.答案：growing　根据is可知，此处表示“正在增长的趋势”，而不是已经增长的趋势，所以用现在分词growing作定语。11．When I got into the office, I found Mr Green ________ (bury) in his work, without noticing my arrival.答案：buried　这里是非谓语动词作宾补。Mr Green与bury之间为被动关系且表示状态，故答案为buried。句意：当我到办公室时，我发现格林先生正埋头工作，没有注意到我已经到了。12．The question ________ (discuss) at the meeting now is important to all of us.答案：being discussed　句子的主语the question和discuss之间存在被动关系，且表示动作正在进行，应用现在分词的被动形式作后置定语，故填being discussed。句意：正在会议上讨论的那个问题对于我们大家都很重要。13．The meeting ________ (be) over, I found her seated at the desk and ________ (listen) to music.答案：being; listening　第一空所在部分为独立主格结构，the meeting与be之间是主动关系，故第一空要用现在分词；第二空，her是listen这一动作的执行者，且动作正在进行，故用现在分词短语作宾语补足语。句意：会议结束了，我发现她正坐在座位上听音乐。14．If you have your kid ________ (behave) so badly, he may not get along well with others.答案：behaving　have sb. doing sth. “让某人一直做某事”。句意：如果你任由你的孩子这么没礼貌，他可能不会与他人和睦相处。15．(2019·北京高考)Earth Day, ________ (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.答案：marked　句中已有谓语动词is，故此处填非谓语动词，Earth Day与mark之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.__________________________________________________________________答案：wait→waiting　分析句子结构可知，was为谓语动词，主语Everyone与wait之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。2．(2019·天津南开中学月考)The Chinese restaurant naming New Panda Buffet provides genuine Chinese food, which many diners have given 5­star reviews.__________________________________________________________________答案：naming→named　restaurant与name之间为被动关系，因此应用过去分词作后置定语。故将naming改为named。3．(2019·湖南长沙一中月考)After waiting for an hour, Katia went home, felt lonely and miserable.__________________________________________________________________答案：felt→feeling　句子的谓语是went home, Katia与feel之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。4．Not receiving Tom's answer, Jack wrote another email, asking him whether he was interested in going to the picnic with them. ________________________________________________________________________答案：receiving→having received　not receive 是wrote another email的原因，发生在wrote这一动作之前，因此用现在分词的完成式。5．(2018·山西太原联考)I together with my two friends, was eating dinner at a Chinese restaurant, locating in the center of New York.__________________________________________________________________答案：locating→located　(be) located in ... 为固定用法，意为“坐落于……”。故将locating改为located。句意：我和我的两个朋友一起，正在位于纽约市中心的一家中餐馆里用餐。6．Giving another  hour, he could have done the test better. __________________________________________________________________答案：Giving→Given　give是一个接双宾语的动词，这个分词短语可以改为“If he had been given another  hour”，he与give之间为被动关系，故用过去分词短语作条件状语。7．(2019·湖北七校联考)Second, we should be careful when made friends, especially online.__________________________________________________________________答案：made→making　when引导的时间状语从句中，省略了与主句相同的主语we和be动词，make与we之间为主动关系，因此用现在分词形式。8．Nowadays there are some students use phones to copy teachers' lecture notes.__________________________________________________________________答案：use→using　本句中需用use的非谓语动词形式作students的定语。students与use之间为主动关系，故将use改为using。9．Dressing in black, he was playing his smartphone while eating.__________________________________________________________________答案：Dressing→Dressed　主语he与dress(给……穿衣服)之间存在被动关系，且表示状态，故将Dressing改为Dressed。10．With all the clothes to wash in the morning, Mary felt relaxed and decided to go shopping in the afternoon. __________________________________________________________________答案：to wash→washed　根据felt relaxed 可知，衣服已经洗完，因此wash用过去分词形式，表示已经完成的动作。washed作clothes的宾语补足语。11．It was Sunday, the children stayed at home watching TV or doing their homework. __________________________________________________________________答案：was→being　Sunday是 stayed at home 的原因，两句之间没有并列连词，因此“It was Sunday”应改为分词短语形式。it为分词短语的逻辑主语，与分词部分构成一个独立主格结构。12．Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people lived in Shanghai and Hong Kong.__________________________________________________________________答案：lived→living　句中已有谓语动词arranges，且无连词，故此处应用非谓语动词。由于live与其所修饰的名词people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。13．Having translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.__________________________________________________________________答案：Having translated→Translated　因为句中已有谓语动词was found，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因translate与the sentence之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式作状语。句意：这个句子被译成英语后，发现它有一个完全不同的语序。14．I am afraid I can't make myself understand when I speak English.__________________________________________________________________答案：understand→understood　understand是及物动词，和宾语myself之间存在被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。15．If there is no aim in our lives, we will get lose.__________________________________________________________________答案：lose→lost　get在这里起一个系动词的作用，相当于become，后接过去分词，表状态，get lost意为“失踪的，迷路的”。