2019版二轮复习英语练酷版练习：专题三 习题讲评 课五(含解析)

因惯性思维而错选在英语教学中，由于种种原因，如学生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令学生出现一些思维定式现象，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，抑制思维能力的发展。在做完形填空题时，特别要注意中西文化的差异，克服思维定式。要养成用英语思维的习惯，要随着文段发展脉络，调整思维偏差。(一)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，仅记其中文意思，而不深刻理解其实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。[典例1]　(2018·6月浙江高考)One day I 46.met a former classmate of mine who was47.making a lot of money running a sideline (副业)．Since his regular job was48.boring, I asked him why he just didn’t do his sideline full-time.He said without the job, he would  49   have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50.college. He said that if he51.quit the job, he would lose his52.drive to work and succeed.49．A.luckily　　　　　　　 B．hardlyC．hopefully  D．simply分析：选D　根据语境可知，他说如果没有那份工作，他确实会有很多时间。simply“(强调某说法)确实，简直”。simply这个词对于习惯汉语思维的我们而言有点儿抽象。我们比较熟悉的是它表示“简朴地；简单地”的义项，如：The rooms are simply furnished.和The book explains grammar simply and clearly.(二)学习短语或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响例如：学了wait for这个短语以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中就不用for。[典例2] 　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 44.meet.The bay was   45   in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.45．A.bathed　　　　　　　 B．cleanC．deep  D．formed分析：选A　受思维习惯的影响，考生想到游客到达海滩，文章中常会描述那里的清洁情况，因此考生易误选B项。be bathed in sunshine为拟人用法，意为“沐浴在阳光下”，说明天气晴好，阳光明媚，暗示作者激动兴奋的心情。[典例3]　(2017·北京高考)One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg.They saw a man   36   out of a garbage can.She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry.36．A.jumping  B．eatingC．crying  D．waving分析：选B　受思维习惯的影响，考生易误选A项，因为jump out of 是常见搭配。但根据下文的“the man was homeless and hungry”可知，她们看见一个人在垃圾桶里捡东西吃。故选B。[典例4]　(2016·北京高考)  41   January 26, Billy and three other children had died.41．A.From  B．OnC．By  D．After分析：选C　受思维习惯的影响，考生可能会根据老师平时讲的“在具体的某一天前用介词on”而误选B项。因为句子的谓语使用的是过去完成时，因此应用by。“by＋时间”与完成时连用，后跟过去的时间时，用过去完成时；跟将来的时间时，用将来完成时。句意：截至1月26日，比利和其他三个孩子都去世了。(铺阴影的题目为“易因惯性思维而错选”)A体裁话题词数限时夹叙夹议文如何处理负面评论32417分钟Did you feel like the negative remark was more influential than the compliments that you received earlier? If the answer to the question is “Yes”， then you are not    1  .There are many people feeling like this, but you all need to learn how to   2   negative remarks.When negative remarks come about, you remind yourself that it is   3   someone’s opinion and everyone is entitled (使享有权利) to express their opinions.They have the   4   to say anything they want to say.Meantime, you choose to do whatever you think is correct and   5  the negative ones.When I was a kid, I heard a saying — “A barking dog won’t stop a moving carriage.” That is to say if a carriage is moving and a dog is   6   it while barking, the carriage won’t   7   because of that dog’s barking.One morning, as I was   8   to work from the nearest train station, a drunken man approached me.  9  ， he grasped my left arm and said, “Hey, man.Your clothes are so ugly.” Then he   10  my arm, and walked off.A few people on the street stopped,   11   at me, and were most likely expecting a reaction from me.I replied   12    “Good morning to you, sir”， and   13  .The people watching this   14   started laughing.I just walked away without paying any attention to them.About an hour later, a   15   and I went back on that street to buy some fruits.Guess what? We saw the police speaking to that man, and he was in handcuffs (手铐)．I told my workmate what had happened to me   16  .In an article in Psychology Today, Dr Raj Raghunathan says, “The   17   between ordinary people and extraordinary people is simple.Extraordinary people choose to listen to their   18   and ignore other people’s negativity.” They see things differently.  19   you should learn how to deal with negative remarks and not let them   20   your emotions and thoughts.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。我们都会听到负面评论，因为人们有权发表意见。当听到负面评论时，我们要正确地处理它，不要受其影响。作者用自己的亲身经历教我们如何处理负面评论。1．A.confident　　　　　　　 B．aloneC．calm  D．correct解析：选B　根据下文“There are many people feeling like this”可知，如果你对这个问题的回答是“是的”，那么不只是你一个人有这样的感觉(负面评论比你收到的恭维更有影响)。2．A.make　　　　　　　　  B．avoidC．stop  D．handle解析：选D　受思维习惯的影响，本题易误选B项，理解为avoid negative remarks“避开负面评论”。但根据下文的叙述尤其是最后一段“you should learn how to deal with negative remarks”可知，但是你要做的是学会怎样处理负面评论。3．A.always  B．possiblyC．usually  D．only解析：选D　当负面评论产生时，你要提醒自己这只是某个人的意见而且每个人都有表达自己想法的权利。4．A.right  B．reasonC．time  D．ability解析：选A　根据上文“everyone is entitled (使享有权利) to express their opinions”可知，他们有权利说他们想说的话。5．A.oppose  B．noticeC．ignore  D．solve解析：选C　根据上文“you choose to do whatever you think is correct”可知，同时你可以选择去做无论什么只要你认为是正确的事情，不理会别人的负面评论。6．A.walking around  B．looking forC．running after  D．passing by解析：选C　根据上文“A barking dog won’t stop a moving carriage.”可知，吠犬阻止不了前进的马车。那也就是说，如果一辆马车在行驶，一条狗狂吠着追赶它。马车不会因狗的狂吠而停下来。7．A.stop  B．closeC．move  D．follow解析：选A　参见上题解析。8．A.driving　　　　　　　　 B．ridingC．running  D．walking解析：选D　受思维习惯的影响，会误选A(driving)，习惯地理解为“开车去上班”。根据下文“a drunken man approached me.  9  ， he grasped my left arm”以及“I just walked away ...”可知，一位醉汉走近作者，抓住作者的左胳膊。作者走开了。由此可推知，作者乘坐完火车后步行去上班。9．A.Unfortunately   B．DisappointedlyC．Suddenly  D．Surprisingly解析：选C　根据该空上下文可知，suddenly符合语境。一位醉汉走近作者，突然抓住作者的左胳膊。10．A.hurt  B．let go ofC．caught  D．broke away from解析：选B　根据下文“walked off”可知，然后那位醉汉松开了作者的胳膊，离开了。11．A.looked  B．shoutedC．swore  D．laughed解析：选A　根据下文“The people watching this   14   started laughing.”可知，街上有几个人停下来，看着作者。12．A.weakly  B．slowlyC．angrily  D．politely解析：选D　根据下文“Good morning to you, sir”可知，作者礼貌地答复，“早安，先生”。13．A.cried  B．leftC．smiled  D．agreed解析：选B　根据下文“I just walked away without paying any attention to them.”可知，说完“早安，先生”，作者离开了。14．A.performance　　　　　 B．activityC．turn  D．accident解析：选C　受思维习惯的影响，易误选A(performance)，认为是“看到这种表现”。根据上文“...were most likely expecting a reaction from me.I replied   12   ‘Good morning to you, sir’”可知，人们观看到事情的转变，开始笑了。15．A.friend  B．colleagueC．leader  D．policeman解析：选B　根据下文“I told my workmate”可知，作者和同事后来回到那条街上买水果。 16．A.earlier  B．expectedlyC．again  D．unwillingly解析：选A　根据上文“I told my workmate what had happened to me”可知，作者把他之前遭遇到的事情告诉给他的同事。17．A.secret  B．relationshipC．difference  D．similarity解析：选C　根据下文“They see things differently.”可知，Dr Raj Raghunathan在《今日心理学》杂志上写了一篇文章，他说：“普通人与杰出的人之间的区别是简单的。”18．A.advice  B．experienceC．heart  D．positivity解析：选D　根据下文“and ignore other people’s negativity”可知，杰出的人选择去听人们积极的话，而忽视他们消极的话。此处positivity和negativity为反义词。19．A.And  B．SoC．When  D．But 解析：选B　作者在此处说出他的劝告，即文章的中心思想，故用so(因此)引导。20．A.control  B．showC．change  D．mix解析：选A　作者最后说：因此你要学会如何去处理负面评论，不要让它们控制你的情感和思想。B 体裁话题词数限时记叙文助人为乐27715分钟From a young age, my parents have taught me the importance of giving generously to the less fortunate.Out of   1  ， whenever there is something I can   2  ， I give it to someone on the streets.Last week,   3   I left the house to run a few errands (差事), I  carried with me some old clothes, some food and a handbag to hand over to someone   4  .As the car   5   at a traffic signal, I saw a girl of five or six asking for money.I   6   her to come to me and quickly   7   all the things I had.As I started handing them over, she seemed   8  .She looked up at me with a sweet smile on her face and asked what was in the   9  .I told her there were some clothes and food for her.  10   she looked up at me and asked, “Can you give me some water？” It was then that I noticed her   11   lips.It seemed as if she had not had a drop of water all day.I   12   my bottle of water that I always carried with me and helped her to drink from it.She finished it quickly and gave me a heart­warming smile of   13  .I was thankful that I could   14   her simple wish! I realized once again that day that you don’t necessarily have to make big   15   to help someone.This experience   16   once again my belief in the   17   acts of kindness and how they can make someone’s   18  .The next time you want to do something nice for someone, don’t   19  ， waiting for the right chance.  20   and do it!语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者帮助一个女孩的故事以及由此产生的一些感悟。1．A.respect　　　　　　　　 B．habitC．sympathy  D．kindness解析：选B　上文作者提到从小父母就教育自己要对不幸的人慷慨解囊，所以此处指出于习惯(habit)。受思维定式影响，此题易误选C。认为是出于同情，对不幸的人慷慨解囊。2．A.afford  B．getC．spare  D．serve解析：选C　出于习惯，每当有可以提供(给别人)的东西的时候，“我”就会把它送给流浪街头的人。故spare“供给，给予”符合语境。3．A.as  B．untilC．once  D．before解析：选A　上星期，当(as)作者离开家去办差事的时候，作者带了一些旧衣服、食物和一个手提包去送给一些贫困的(needy)人。根据语境可知，应选as。4．A.needy  B．sickC．disabled  D．sad解析：选A　参见上题解析。needy意为“缺食物(钱)的，贫困的”。5．A.parked　　　　　　　　 B．staredC．turned  D．paused解析：选D　根据语境可知，此处指的是车暂停在了交通信号灯处。故pause“暂停，停顿”符合语境。此题易受思维定式影响误选A。认为停车一般用park，这样就忽略此处交通信号灯的语境。6．A.phoned  B．signaledC．advised  D．allowed解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处是指作者招手示意(signaled)女孩过来。7．A.threw  B．fetchedC．packed  D．collected解析：选D　女孩过来后，作者把自己放在车里的衣服和食物快速收集(collected)在一起。8．A.ashamed  B．upsetC．embarrassed  D．astonished解析：选D　根据语境及下文女孩问问题可以推知，女孩很吃惊(astonished)。9．A.car  B．bagC．bottle  D．clothes解析：选B　根据上文中的“I  carried with me some old clothes, some food and a handbag”可知，作者出门时带的东西有衣服、食物和手提包。所以作者这里应是把衣服和食物装在包(bag)里送给她。10．A.Then  B．NextC．Again  D．But解析：选C　根据空后的“she looked up at me and asked”以及上文中的“She looked up at me with a sweet smile on her face and asked”可知，此处应是指女孩再一次(Again)抬起头来看作者并问问题。11．A.dirty  B．paleC．thick  D．dry解析：选D　根据下文中的“It seemed as if she had not had a drop of water all day.”可知，女孩由于缺水嘴唇比较干(dry)。12．A.pointed out  B．picked outC．gave out  D．took out解析：选D　作者取出(took out)随身携带的一瓶水。point out“指出，指明”；pick out“挑选”；give out“分发，发出”。13．A.happiness  B．pleasureC．appreciation  D．welcome解析：选C　根据语境可知，女孩喝完作者递给她的水后，应是流露出感激的微笑。appreciation“感激，欣赏”。14．A.satisfy  B．attainC．promise  D．realize解析：选A　女孩那时的心愿是有水喝，所以作者很庆幸满足(satisfy)了她的心愿。15．A.differences  B．ambitionsC．achievements  D．donations解析：选D　那一天作者再次意识到你没有必要给予大额的捐赠(donations)来帮助他人。16．A.found  B．doubtedC．showed  D．proved解析：选D　这再次证明(proved)了“我”的信仰：简单的(simple)善举以及这些善举是如何给人们带来幸福(make someone’s day)的。17．A.unique  B．simpleC．reliable  D．polite解析：选B　参见上题解析。18．A.day  B．fortuneC．dream  D．life解析：选A　参见第16题解析。make one’s day“给某人带来幸福”。19．A.hold on  B．hold upC．hold back  D．hold down解析：选C　此处作者想要表达的是下次你想帮别人时，不要犹豫。hold back“犹豫”符合语境。hold on“不挂断电话，等一等”；hold up“举起，阻挡”；hold down“压制，保住”。20．A.Take care  B．Speed upC．Go ahead  D．Look out解析：选C　此处是作者鼓励别人去做助人为乐的事。go ahead“开始吧，开始(做某事)”符合语境。take care“提防，注意”；speed up“加速”；look out“注意，当心”。