2019版二轮复习英语练酷版练习：专题三 习题讲评 课三(含解析)

因对词汇的多义和生义理解偏差而错选  在英语中，多数的词都是多义词，我们把这种现象称之为一词多义。一词多义是很普遍的语言现象。在完形填空的选项中，有时也出现一些多义词。这些词除了我们常见的词义外，在一些特定语境中，又出现了新的意义，即熟词生义。如果对这类词的常见意义掌握得不够全面，会给考生在解答完形填空时带来很大的干扰，导致错选或误选。(一)对语篇中的关键词汇理解偏差写出下面加黑单词的词性和含义。1．(2018·江苏高考)They planned to keep the budget low by living on boiled noodles, with the occasional hamburger shop treat.treat常见含义：v.对待　句中含义：n.款待2．(2016·6月浙江高考)During the war, my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.station常见含义：n.车站，电台　 句中含义：vt.安置3．(北京高考)At the  state  championships in March, she finished seventh out of 16 girls.finish常见含义：v.完成；结束　  句中含义： v．获得名次4．(辽宁高考)She got off her bike and put it against the gate post.post常见含义：vt.邮寄n.职位 　 句中含义：n.柱；桩(二)对题干中的选项词汇理解偏差1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his 52.promise! He turned up at the hospital   53   gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.53．A.bearing　　　　　　 B．collectingC．opening  D．making分析：选A　根据语境可知，丹尼斯履行了他的承诺，他带着(bearing)礼物去看了初为人母的Lindsey和她的宝宝。bear一词多义，意为“n.熊vt.忍受；承担(责任)；支撑；显示；携带；生(孩子)；开(花)等”。此处考查bear的熟词生义“带着，拿着”。2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Just last year, I was  56  a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door.A woman 57.excused the interruption and handed me an envelope.I stopped teaching and 58.opened it up.56．A.observing  B．preparingC．designing  D．conducting分析：选D　根据下文“I stopped teaching”可知，此处指我正在教室举办研讨会。conduct一词多义，意为“n.行为；品行vt.指导，指挥；组织；安排；实施”，在这里意为“组织；实施”。3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Through the years, I’d run into former students who would provide  51  on old classmates.I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his52.graduation from high school and remained the same53.caring person I met forty years before.51．A.assessments  B．commentsC．instructions  D．updates分析：选D　根据语境可知，“我”遇到过以前的学生，他们常常会提供一些关于他们的老同学的“最新情况”。update在这里用作名词，意为“最新信息”，并非“v.更新，改造；使现代化”。4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)He posted his   49   on a social networking website，and received thousands of e­mails，including thirty from actual Elizabeth Gallaghers with the 50.right passports.49．A.answer  B．adviceC．offer  D．comment分析：选C　post在此为动词，意为“发布”，而非最常见的“n.邮件；职位vt.邮寄”之意。offer在此是名词，意为“提议”，并非“提供，奉献，出价，提出”。5．(2017·天津高考)At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds.I had a very poor relationship with food：I used it to  16  bad feelings，to make myself feel better，and to celebrate.16．A.add  B．mixC．kill  D．share分析：选C　根据下文的“to make myself feel better, and to celebrate”可知，为了使自己感觉良好，作者通过多吃食物的方式来抵消不好的情绪。kill一词多义，意为“n.杀死，捕杀v.杀死；使停止；使痛苦；消磨(时间)”，在这里意为“使停止”。[小结]在阅读文章的过程中，一词多义对准确理解句意造成了很大的障碍。所以，在备考时，我们要特别关注和积累一词多义，特别是常用动词及其短语，在解题过程中，注意认真思考，不要“望文生义”。    (铺阴影的题目为“易因望文生义而错选”)A体裁话题词数限时记叙文人物故事27315分钟Five years ago, Finnish Rami Adham went to help the refugees (难民) in his former hometown of Aleppo, Syria.As he was   1  ， his three­year­old daughter, Yasmin, offered to donate her toys,   2   a new Barbie doll.A deal was made, and the aid worker added 61 toys to his already heavy   3  .  4   the supplies were welcomed, it was the toys that produced the most excitement.Adham recalls (记得) kids   5   running towards him from every corner of the camp, and particularly   6   a six­year­old girl who did not   7   at all. He later discovered that she had lost her voice.Adham, who has   8   the young girl several times since and given her some toys, says, “Her   9   is always the same, a beautiful smile.”Since then, the   10   man has been visiting different refugee camps in Syria.Each time, he   11   up to 70kg of donated toys to this war­torn country.The journey to Syria has gotten   12   since the country closed its borders to most traffic.Adham once   13   eight miles into the city of Aleppo while carrying the heavy burden because it was too   14   to drive.But none of the   15   appear to stop the    16   “toy smuggler (走私者)  of Aleppo.” Adham says that the responses he gets from the   17   every time he hands out a toy “charge his batteries”．To give them something more to   18  ， Adham recently established a Go Fund Me campaign to raise money to   19   a school for the refugee children.In less than two months, Adham has been able to   20   over 60,000 of the 100,000 he needs to realize his dream.  语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一名芬兰男子为了让叙利亚难民营的孩子们展颜欢笑，不惜长途跋涉，给他们送去喜欢的玩具。1．A.passing　　　　　　　 B．workingC．leaving  D．camping解析：选C　联系上文中的“Finnish Rami Adham went to help the refugees(难民)”和下文中的“the aid worker added 61 toys to his already heavy   3  ”可知，当Adham要“离开(leaving)”家去帮助叙利亚难民的时候，他三岁的女儿提出了捐赠玩具的想法。2．A.instead of  B．in return forC．regardless of  D．in exchange for解析：选D　根据下文中的“A deal was made”可知，女儿想通过捐赠旧玩具来“换取(in exchange for)”一个新的芭比娃娃。3．A.debt　　　　　　　 　 B．loadC．head  D．heart解析：选B　根据第二段中的“the supplies were welcomed”和第四段中的“carrying the heavy burden”可知，交易达成后，本来就很重的“负荷(load)”中又增加了一些玩具。load作名词意为“负载，负荷，工作量”；作动词意为“装载；使担负”。此处作名词表示“负荷”。 4．A.Once　　　　　　　　 B．WhenC．Since  D．While解析：选D　“the supplies were welcomed”和“it was the toys that produced the most excitement”之间是让步关系，故此处填While，表示“尽管”。while意为“当……时；而；尽管”，此处语境中意为“尽管”。5．A.eagerly  B．helplesslyC．anxiously  D．confidently解析：选A　根据下文中的“running towards him from every corner of the camp”可知，孩子们“急切地(eagerly)”从难民营的各个角落跑了过来。6．A.believes  B．remembersC．appreciates  D．understands解析：选B　根据上文中的“Adham recalls (记得) kids”和“particularly”可知，Adham对一个六岁的小女孩尤其“记忆(remembers)”深刻。7．A.talk  B．readC．play  D．smile解析：选A　根据下文中的“she had lost her voice”可知，这个小女孩根本不“讲话(talk)”。8．A.rescued  B．praisedC．visited  D．thanked解析：选C　根据下文中的“given her some toys”可知，Adham已经多次“拜访(visited)”这个小女孩。9．A.choice  B．purposeC．memory  D．reaction解析：选D　根据下文中的“a beautiful smile”可知，每次小女孩的“反应(reaction)”都一样，那就是一个甜甜的微笑。最后一段中的“the responses he gets”亦是提示。10．A.amazing  B．amusingC．strange  D．strong解析：选A　根据下文“has been visiting different refugee camps in Syria”和“up to 70kg of donated toys”可知，他是一个“了不起(amazing)”的人。11．A.lends  B．bringsC．orders  D．receives解析：选B　根据第二段中的“the supplies were welcomed, it was the toys that produced the most excitement”可知，每次，Adham都会给这个饱受战争迫害的国家“带来(brings)”重达70公斤的玩具。12．A.easier  B．longerC．worse  D．faster解析：选C　根据下文中的“the country closed its borders to most traffic”可知，去叙利亚的行程变得“更艰难(worse)”了。13．A.ran  B．droveC．swam  D．walked解析：选D　根据下文中的“too   14   to drive”可知，Adham没法开车，只能“步行(walked)”。14．A.dangerous  B．crowdedC．far  D．late解析：选A　根据上文中的“this war­torn country”和“the country closed its borders to most traffic”可知，去Aleppo城市的途中太“危险(dangerous)”了不能开车。15．A.rules  B．modelsC．hardships  D．changes解析：选C　根据上文内容可知，“苦难(hardships)”未能阻止Adham的脚步。16．A.busy  B．braveC．happy  D．serious解析：选B　根据第一段中的“Rami Adham went to help the  refugees (难民)  in his former hometown of Aleppo, Syria”和第三段中的“this war­torn country”可知，Adham很“勇敢(brave)”。17．A.kids  B．ridersC．smugglers  D．campaigners解析：选A　根据上文中的“Adham recalls (记得) kids   5   running towards him from every corner of the camp”可知，每次他把玩具送给“孩子们(kids)”的时候，孩子们的反应使他感觉自己浑身充满能量。18．A.look down on  B．look back onC．look up to  D．look forward to解析：选D　根据下文中的“raise money to   19   a school for the refugee children”可知，Adham想给孩子们更多他们所“期待(look forward to)”的东西。19．A.select  B．buildC．enter  D．manage解析：选B　根据上文中的“raise money”可知，Adham想为难民营的孩子们“建造(build)”一所学校。20．A.pay  B．makeC．obtain  D．accumulate解析：选C　根据上文中的“Adham recently established a Go Fund Me campaign to raise money”可知，不到两个月的时间，Adham就“获得(obtain)”六万多欧元的捐款。B体裁话题词数限时夹叙夹议文克服焦虑33617分钟Our younger son, Tim, was in his senior year of high school.Every student is madly trying to get good   1   and complete college applications.There was an essay he had to write and the   2   was drawing near.We’re good parents.We do our best at keeping our   3   shut — whenever possible.Tim knew what he should do, but he had a tendency to   4   anything.Weekend homework was never done until Sunday night, no matter how much free time there might have been.I knew I shouldn’t   5   him, but I really worried.So I said in an offhand (随便的) way, “By the way, Tim, have you worked on that essay you’re   6  to do？” Tim, in his   7   way, looked at me and said, “Mom, your anxiety is not going to make me get it done any faster” — a line that has been    8   in family memory forever.Tim hit on something that seems   9   truer today than when he first said it.Our anxiety doesn’t make us faster or more efficient (有效率的)．  10  ， it simply makes us more anxious.It seems so   11  ， and yet, something I easily forget.When I closed my eyes on the subway train, my anxiety was the first thing to   12  .It was surprisingly loud: “You need to do this! Have you worried about that? What about that？” I   13   to open my eyes quickly, take out my phone and send an email   14   put down something in my calendar.I forgot I should deal with my anxiety rather than be   15    by it.We should keep our anxiety under    16  .How can we have the courage to face   17    if we worry about this and that? When our anxiety comes up, we should keep our eyes closed and say to ourselves that   18   will be much better and we can make it through.As long as we   19   dealing with anxiety every day, it will become less and less till it disappears    20  .   语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的儿子在读高三，处在努力拼搏的阶段。面对孩子的拖沓，作者感到焦虑。但她儿子的话让她明白焦虑解决不了问题，我们必须学会努力克服焦虑。1．A.grades　　　　　　　 B．commentsC．salaries  D．jobs解析：选A　根据上文“Our younger son, Tim, was in his senior year of high school.”及下文“complete college applications”可知，作者的儿子蒂姆在读高三，每一位学生都在努力取得好成绩并完成大学申请。grade此处意为“成绩”，还可表示“年级，等级，级别”等意思。              2．A.competition  B．meetingC．deadline  D．celebration 解析：选C 　根据下文内容可知，作者的儿子有一篇文章要写，截止日期马上要到了。deadline意为“最后期限，截止日期”。3．A.eyes  B．heartsC．doors  D．mouths解析：选D　根据下文“Tim knew what he should do”可知，作者和丈夫知道在可能的情况下要尽力闭嘴，因为蒂姆知道自己应该做什么。4．A.worry about　　　　　 B．put offC．note down  D．figure out解析：选B　根据下文“Weekend homework was never done until Sunday night”可知，无论有多少空闲时间，作者的儿子总是直到周日晚上才开始写周末作业。故作者的儿子有拖沓的倾向。put off常意为“推迟，延期，阻碍”，而此处意为“拖沓”。5．A.blame  B．confuseC．urge  D．help解析：选C　根据下文“but I really worried.So I said in an offhand (随便的) way, ‘By the way, Tim, have you worked on that essay you’re   6   to do？’”可知，作者不想催促蒂姆，但她很着急。所以用了一种随便的方式去问他。6．A.allowed  B．supposedC．advised  D．forced解析：选B　根据上文第一段“There was an essay he had to write”可知，作者是在问蒂姆开始写他应该完成的文章了吗。7．A.wise  B．newC．simple  D．strange解析：选A　根据下文“Mom, your anxiety is not going to make me get it done any faster”可知，作者的儿子告诉她，她的焦虑并不能使他做得更快。因此他是用一种更睿智的方式回应作者。8．A.repeated  B．preservedC．copied  D．ignored解析：选B　作者儿子的话永远保存在了家庭的记忆中。9．A.yet  B．even C．ever  D．never 解析：选B　蒂姆富有哲理的话在今天更有道理。因为随着时间的推移，作者对焦虑有了更深的感悟。10．A.Fortunately  B．PartlyC．Actually  D．Originally解析：选C　根据上文“Our anxiety doesn’t make us faster or more efficient.”及下文“it simply makes us more anxious”可知，我们的焦虑不会使我们做事更快或更有效率。事实上，这只会使我们更焦虑。11．A.easy  B．naturalC．terrible  D．obvious解析：选D　根据下文“and yet, something I easily forget”可知，这个道理很明显，但仍然被作者轻易地忘了。12．A.speak  B．actC．remember  D．lose解析：选A　根据下文“It was surprisingly loud: ‘You need to do this！”可知，当作者在地铁上闭上眼睛的时候，焦虑会第一个浮现在脑海，开始跟她“讲话”。13．A.managed  B．refusedC．used  D．agreed解析：选C　根据最后一段中的“When our anxiety comes up, we should keep our eyes closed”可知，在这种情况下，作者以前会立刻睁开眼睛，拿出电话发邮件或者在日程表上记下一些东西，但现在不会这样做了。14．A.or  B．unlessC．after  D．before解析：选A　参见上题解析。15．A.bothered  B．remindedC．attracted  D．hurt解析：选A　根据上文“I forgot I should deal with my anxiety”可知，作者忘记了她应该去应对焦虑，而不是被焦虑所困扰。16．A.observation  B．protectionC．control  D．pressure解析：选C　根据下文可知，我们应该控制好我们的焦虑。17．A.opportunities  B．realitiesC．others  D．difficulties解析：选D　如果我们担心这个，担心那个，那么我们如何有勇气能够面对困难呢？18．A.something  B．anythingC．nothing  D．everything解析：选D　根据下文“and we can make it through”可知，我们应该告诉自己一切都会变得更好，我们能够渡过难关。19．A.mind  B．practiseC．enjoy  D．finish解析：选B　只要我们每天练习应对焦虑，那么焦虑会变得越来越小。20．A.quickly  B．exactlyC．apparently  D．completely解析：选D　根据上文“...it will become less and less...”可知，焦虑会变得越来越小，直到完全消失。