2019版二轮复习英语练酷版练习：专题三 习题讲评 课四(含解析)

因忽视语境关系、断章取义而错选近几年高考英语完形填空的最大特点是重点考查语境理解。所谓语境，就是指文章上下文之间的联系，它包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。正因为完形填空题主要考查考生对语境的理解能力，所以空格的前后多有暗示后文暗示前文的居多。考生在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章的内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系，结合语境辨析所给选项，从中选出最符合语境的选项。 [典例1] 　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something 52.occurred to me.Those brown eyes were very   53  “What’s his name？” I asked the instructor.“Ben，” he replied, and immediately I 54.knew.That stranger was my son!53．A.sharp　　　　　 B．pleasantC．attractive  D．familiar分析：选D　本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。从下文可知，作者救出来的是自己的儿子，因此这里表示在作者眼里，对方的褐色眼睛看起来很熟悉(familiar)。[典例2]　(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In 1973, I was teaching elementary school.Each day, 27 kids   41   “The Thinking Laboratory”．That was the 42.name students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too 43.dull.41．A.built  B．enteredC．decorated  D．ran分析：选B　本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文可知“The Thinking Laboratory”事实上是教室104的名字，27名学生每天应该是进入这个教室学习，所以用entered。[小结]把握好上下文的联系完形填空所选文章是一个完整的语篇，因此必须结合上下文语境进行综合考虑。做题时应该把握好文章的主线和上下文的内在联系，切勿断章取义、就题论题、忽略上下文的信息提示。(铺阴影的题目为“可利用语境推测法解题”)A体裁话题词数限时记叙文个人经历25515分钟I was really surprised when I saw my dad had a Jet Ski in his truck.I   1   questioned him before he stopped me and proudly   2   how he got me this used boat.An hour later, we   3   the family lake house.My dad and I were trying to work out how to   4  it, and we were laughing excitedly as we got   5   countless times into the water.I can still   6   the fuel of that Jet Ski and see the sparkle (闪耀的光) in my dad’s eyes.He was so   7   that he had surprised his only daughter with the   8   she wanted most.Thanks to the vacation home by the lake, I   9   became a water baby.And while that Jet Ski was one of the happiest   10   of my life, my parents gave me a much bigger gift by freeing me from feeling   11   or uncertainty in deep water.Growing up    12   in water is not just healthy, it’s a(n)   13   to adventure.Want to go diving in Indonesia? Sail the Mediterranean with friends？Learn how to   14   in Hawaii? Being comfortable around the sea makes it all   15  .Now I’m getting ready to   16   a year­long trip around the world.I’ll keep in touch with my dad through FaceTime, and I can’t wait to   17   with him all my ocean­inspired   18  .When I see that sparkle in his eyes.I’ll think of all he   19   me: the Jet Ski, summers at the lake house and an undying   20   for open water.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者小时候跟随父亲驾驶船只，从而长大后拥有了可以探险海洋的机会。1．A.quietly　　　　　　　 B．casuallyC．carefully  D．hurriedly解析：选D　由上文中的“was really surprised”以及下文中的“questioned him before he stopped me”可知，我在父亲打断我说话之前“急忙(hurriedly)”询问父亲。2．A.predicted　　　　　　 B．explainedC．proved  D．discussed解析：选B　由上文中的“proudly”以及下文中的“how he got me this used boat”可知，父亲骄傲地“解释(explained)”了他怎样得到这艘二手船。3．A.arrived at　　　　　　 B．searched forC．burned down  D．talked about解析：选A　由下文中的“lake house”可知，一小时后我们“到达(arrived at)”了湖边小屋。4．A.clean  　　　　　　 　  B．displayC．drive  D．repair解析：选C　上文中提到“trying to work out how”，并且下文中也提到“countless times into the water”，由此可推知，drive和thrown符合水中划船的语境。即：父亲和我努力尝试怎么“驾驶(drive)”船只，当我们被无数次“扔进(thrown)”水中后，我们兴奋地大笑。5．A.thrown  　　　　　　  B．cheatedC．instructed  D．attracted解析：选A　参见上题解析。6．A.sell　　　　　　　　  B．touchC．smell  D．find解析：选C　由下文中的“fuel”可知，我依旧能“闻到(smell)”船只的燃料味道。7．A.confused  B．ashamedC．pleased  D．embarrassed解析：选C　由上文中的“sparkle (闪耀的光) in my dad’s eyes”以及下文中的gift可知，父亲很“高兴(pleased)”，他用女儿最想要的“礼物(gift)”惊呆了女儿。8．A.chance  B．factC．result  D．gift解析：选D　参见上题解析。9．A.gradually  B．occasionallyC．probably  D．frequently解析：选A　由下文中的“became a water baby”可知，感谢湖边的假日小屋，我“逐渐(gradually)”成长为喜欢水的孩子。10．A.attitudes  B．memoriesC．tasks  D．journeys解析：选B　由下文中的“Growing up”以及“uncertainty in deep water”可知，虽然吉斯基水上摩托艇是我人生中最快乐的“记忆(memories)”之一，但是父母给我的更大礼物是把我从对深水的“恐惧(fear)”和不确定中解救出来。11．A.surprise  B．fearC．anger  D．hope解析：选B　参见上题解析。12．A.horribly  B．lazilyC．anxiously  D．confidently解析：选D　由“healthy”和“to adventure”可知，能在水中“自信(confidently)”长大不仅意味着健康，也拥有了敢于冒险的“入场券(ticket)”。13．A.excuse  B．obstacleC．ticket  D．reply解析：选C　参见上题解析。14．A.ski  B．skateC．ride  D．surf解析：选D　上文中提到“water baby”“diving”和“Sail”，以及下文中提到“ocean­inspired”，由此可推知，surf在此更符合语境。即：想去夏威夷学习怎样“冲浪(surf)”吗？15．A.possible　　　　　　 B．dangerousC．urgent  D．necessary解析：选A　由上文中的“Being comfortable around the sea”可知，在海洋中的舒适感让这一切成为“可能(possible)”。16．A.cancel　　　　　　　 B．startC．dream  D．record解析：选B　由上文中的“adventure”以及下文中“around the world”可知，如今我准备“开始(start)”一年的全球旅行。17．A.plan  B．rememberC．share  D．film解析：选C　由上文中的“keep in touch with my dad through FaceTime”以及下文中的“When I see that sparkle in his eyes.”可知，我迫不及待地想和父亲“分享(share)”我所有的海洋“探险(adventures)”。18．A.conversations  B．adventuresC．creations  D．experiments解析：选B　参见上题解析。19．A.lent  B．promisedC．returned  D．gave解析：选D　由最后一段中的“the Jet Ski” “summers at the lake house”可知，每当看到父亲眼中闪耀的光，我就会想起他“给(gave)”我的一切：吉斯基水上摩托艇、湖边小屋的夏日和对大海永不磨灭的“激情(passion)”。20．A.passion  B．supportC．hate  D．gratitude解析：选A　参见上题解析。B体裁话题词数限时记叙文姐姐的鼓励25715分钟Justin knew there was only one way out of his neighborhood — basketball.So he   1   hard, running with the ball like the   2   dogs were chasing (追逐) him.He could defeat any of the guys at the   3  ， and he saw his way out and he ran for it.One day when Justin was playing basketball, he   4   his right knee badly.The doctor said he might never play   5  .Justin was extremely sad.Every day Justin just   6   in bed, watching TV and eating potato chips.When he   7   like a balloon, his sister came home from the university on holiday, bringing exciting   8   of a faraway land called college.Justin was   9   by the dorm stories and campus (校园)   10   that she told, but he could   11   believe any of them.It was as if she were telling him about some   12   land high above the clouds.Justin was a pretty    13   guy, but his sister had a way of   14   him to do things that nobody else could.So while she was home during the   15  ， they studied together, and they talked, and they worked, and Justin felt   16  than he ever had before.After spending those   17   with his sister, Justin realized that he didn’t want to feel bad for himself any more, and he didn’t want to quit.Basketball   18   be his thing, but now there was only   19  .Using the study skills Justin had acquired from his sister, he scored   20   in every exam.The university that he applied to accepted him.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。贾斯廷在姐姐的鼓励和带动下，通过努力学习，改变了自己，考上了自己理想的大学。1．A.hit  　　　　　　　　  B．studiedC．practised  D．breathed解析：选C　根据首句“there was only one way out of his neighborhood”可知，贾斯廷认为篮球是他走出去的唯一办法，所以他努力练习打篮球。hit“打击”；practise“练习”；breathe“呼吸”。2．A.pet  B．guideC．cute  D．wild解析：选D　他努力练习打篮球，带着球跑，就像是野狗在追赶他一样。wild“野生的”符合语境。3．A.top  B．courtC．back  D．beginning解析：选B　在球场上，他能够打败所有的人。court“球场”符合语境。4．A.injured  B．huggedC．bent  D．raised解析：选A　根据下文“might never play” “extremely sad”和“in bed”可知，贾斯廷练习打篮球的时候，他的右腿膝盖严重受伤了。5．A.alone  B．againC．around  D．well解析：选B　根据下文“Justin was extremely sad.Every day Justin just   6   in bed”可知，此处指医生说他可能再也不能打篮球了。6．A.played  B．layC．jumped  D．trained解析：选B　根据上文内容可知，贾斯廷每天躺在床上，看电视、吃薯片。7．A.stayed up  B．looked upC．grew up  D．blew up解析：选D　当他胖成气球一样的时候，他姐姐从大学里放假回家了。blow up“给(某物)充气”，此处引申为“像给气球充气一样胖起来”的含义。8．A.tales  B．challengesC．discoveries  D．possibilities解析：选A　姐姐给他带来了遥远的大学里那些令人兴奋的故事，下文中的“dorm stories”是其信息提示。tale“故事”符合语境。9．A.amazed　　　　　　　 B．satisfiedC．annoyed  D．scared解析：选A　根据下文中的“but he could   11   believe any of them”可知，贾斯廷对于姐姐给他讲的那些大学宿舍里的故事以及校园里疯狂的事情感到很惊讶。10．A.stress  　　　　　　　 B．canteensC．craziness  D．networks解析：选C　参见上题解析。11．A.firmly　　　　　　　 B．honestlyC．really  D．hardly解析：选D　根据下文中的“It was as if ...high above the clouds.”可知，此处指他几乎不相信任何一个故事。12．A.foreign　　　　　　  B．richC．fantasy  D．freedom解析：选C　好像她在给他讲述云层之上的梦幻大陆的事情。fantasy“幻想，想象”符合语境。13．A.lazy  B．stubbornC．regular  D．wise解析：选B　根据空后的“but his sister ...that nobody else could”可知，贾斯廷是一个很固执的人。14．A.getting  B．promisingC．permitting  D．warning解析：选A　根据下文内容可知，此处应指贾斯廷的姐姐有办法让他做别人让他做不了的事情。get sb.to do sth.“让某人做某事”，符合语境。15．A.duty  B．trialC．break  D．strike解析：选C　根据第二段中的“his sister came home from the university on holiday”可知，此处指她在回家休息期间。break“休息”符合语境。　16．A.weaker  B．healthierC．worse  D．better解析：选D　他们一起学习，一起探讨，一起劳动，贾斯廷感到从来没有这么好过。17．A.years  B．hoursC．decades  D．weeks解析：选D　根据常识并结合选项可知，此处指贾斯廷与姐姐度过了数周(weeks)的假期。18．A.used to  B．ought toC．had to  D．got to解析：选A　根据上文内容可知，以前篮球就是他的一切。19．A.vacation　　　　　　 B．victoryC．school  D．strength解析：选C　根据语境可知，此处应指贾斯廷现在心里只有上学了。school“上学”，符合语境。20．A.much　　　　　　　 B．highC．little  D．low解析：选B　根据语境及文章最后一句可知，此处应指贾斯廷在每门考试中都得分很高。