Book1Unit4 Earthquakes 培优班讲义（含答案）

精讲
年级：高一年级 科目：英语 类型：同步
知识点：词汇拓展
burst　vt. & vi. (使)爆裂；(使)裂开；(使)炸开；突然出现；爆发
n. 突然破裂；爆发
(教材P26)In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。

(1)burst in/into 　　　　闯入，突然破门而入
burst out 突然迸发；爆发
(2)
burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支
(3)a burst of 一阵……
①Hearing this，the whole class burst_into_laughter/burst_out_laughing and my deskmate’s face turned red.
听到这，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。
②Last night the room was burst into/in but nothing was taken away.
昨晚有人闯入房间但没有带走任何东西。
③There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。
injure　 vt. 损害；伤害
(教材P26)Two­thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.
他们中有2/3的人在地震中伤亡。

(1)injured adj. 　　　　 受伤的
the injured 伤员
(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害
do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb.
伤害某人
①(2014·高考北京卷·满分作文)I’m feeling very sorry to tell you that I have to change our plan to visit Yunnan in July，because one of my feet got injured.
非常抱歉地告诉你，因为我的一只脚受伤了，我必须改变七月份参观云南的计划。
②This could seriously injure the company’s reputation. 这会严重损害公司的声誉。
③A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the_injured to the hospital.
在十字路口发生了严重的交通事故，救护车把受伤的人火速送到医院。
[易混辨析] 　injure，hurt，wound，harm
injure
伤害，一般用于由于意外或事故而受伤，也可指损害名誉，伤害感情等。
hurt
是受伤的一般用词，既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害。
wound
通常是指武器的伤害，如刀、枪等的伤害，尤其是指战场上的伤害。
harm
常用于口语，一般作及物动词，表示“对……有害/损害”。也可作名词，常见短语：do harm to 对……造成损害。
【活用】——用上述单词完成下列句子
(1)(2014·高考安徽卷·写作)This is a good way of letting your anger out without ________ others or yourself.
(2)About 50 people were seriously ________ in the attack.
(3)Two men were severely ________ trying to save a 5 year old girl from the burning house.
(4)Don’t ________ your eyes by reading in light.
答案：(1)hurting　(2)wounded　(3)injured　(4)harm
ruin　n．[U] 毁坏；毁灭；崩溃
[C](pl. ) 废墟；遗迹
v．(使)破产；(使)堕落；毁灭
(教材P26)In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就成为一片废墟。

(1)
(2)
①(2013·高考江苏卷·单项填空)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look.
遭遇一次大地震并被沦为废墟之后不久，这座城市就呈现出一个新面貌。
②The ancient temple has fallen into ruin and needs repairing.
这座古老的庙宇已经破败不堪，需要修理。
③Drunk driving not only ruined_himself but also killed several passers­by.
醉驾不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几名路人死亡。
[易混辨析]ruin，destroy，damage
ruin
指一次性、彻底的毁坏，无可挽回的伤害，但不一定完全毁灭。此外，ruin多用于借喻中，泛指一般的“坏了”。in ruins意为“成为废墟；遭到严重破坏”。
destroy
强调以摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉，使之无法复原；有时用于比喻，意为“打破(希望，计划)；使失败”。
damage
损失，损坏；多用于无生命的东西，指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏”等，不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复；这种破坏是自然灾害或人为过失造成的。
【活用】——用上述单词完成句子
The palace was (1)________ completely rather than was slightly (2)________，which can’t be repaired，leaving only (3)________．
这座宫殿不是轻微地损坏，而是被彻底地破坏了，无法修复，只剩下废墟。
答案：(1)destroyed　(2)damaged　(3)ruins
bury　vt. 埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入
(教材P26)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 　 救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。

(1)be buried in＝bury oneself in
＝be absorbed in　 　埋头于；专心于
be buried in thought 沉思
(2)bury oneself in study 埋头研究；专心学习
bury one’s face in one’s hands
双手掩面
①He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried in the pockets of his dark overcoat.
他站在人行道上，双手插在黑色外套的口袋里。
②The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying_herself_in/buried_in/absorbed_in the book in her hands.
女孩坐在公园的长凳上，埋头读着手里的那本书。
【活用1】——完成句子
由于他埋头于书本，所以不知道外面下雨了。
Because he ____________________ his book，he didn’t know it was raining outside.
答案：was buried in
【活用2】——句式升级
(1)____________________________．(使用现在分词作状语改写活用1)
(2)__________________________．(使用过去分词作状语改写活用1)
答案：(1)Burying himself in his book，he didn’t know it was raining outside
(2)Buried in his book，he didn’t know it was raining outside
judge　vt. 断定；判断；判决　
n. 裁判员；法官；评判员
(教材P30)Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. 　五个裁判听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的演讲。

(1)judge. . . from/by. . . 从……来判断
judge between right and wrong
判断是非
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
(2)judging by/from 从……上看；根据……判断
①(2014·高考大纲全国卷·书面表达)I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15. 我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举行的英语演讲比赛的裁判。
②You should never judge a person by their looks.
你绝不能以貌取人。
③As_far_as_I_can_judge，it is more likely that you will get the job.
据我判断，你更有可能获得那个工作。
【温馨提示】
judging from/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。
④Judging from/by her last letter，they are having a wonderful time.
从她上封信来看，他们过得非常愉快。
【活用】——用judge的适当形式填空
(1)________ from what he said，he must be an honest man. On the contrary，he often robs and steals，so the (2)________ pointed out that a man should not be (3)________ by his looks.
答案：(1)Judging　(2)judge　(3)judged
at an end　结束；终结
(教材P26)It seemed as if the world was at an end！　仿佛到了世界末日！

(1)
(2)come to an end　　　　　结束
put/bring sth. to an end 结束……
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵，
量入为出
(3)put an end to sth. 结束；终结
(4)end up with　　　 以……结束
①The meeting was nearly at an end when I got to the meeting room.
我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了。
②Being out of work and having two young children，they found it impossible to make_ends_meet.
他们失业了，还要养活两个小孩，他们发现无法维持起码的生活。
③Smell the flowers before you go to sleep，and you may just end up with sweet dreams.
睡前闻闻花香，你就会进入甜蜜的梦乡。
【活用】——选词填空

(1)________________ last year，he had learned two thousand English words.
(2)His life returned to normal after the war ________________.
(3)They didn’t know how to ________________the quarrel.
(4)I must warn you that my patience is almost ________________.
答案：(1)By the end of　(2)came to an end
(3)put an end to　(4)at an end
a great number of　许多；大量的
(教材P27)Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.
那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生时人们正在睡觉。

＋可数名词复数

＋
①(2013·高考四川卷·书面表达)Jackie has worked at a number of different hospitals including one in Scotland. 杰基在很多医院工作过，包括苏格兰的一个医院。
②It took a great many people as well as a large amount of time to build the Pyramid.
修建金字塔用了很多人力和大量的时间。
③With more and more forests cut down，large_quantities_of_soil_are being washed away.
由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，大量的土壤被冲走了。
[易混辨析] 　a number of. . . ，the number of. . .
a number of. . .
许多；大量的。后接可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
the number of. . .
……的数目。后接可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
④Now a_great_number_of college graduates are seeking to get a high­paid job. But the_number_of posts available for them is often not enough.
如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作，但适合他们的岗位的数量却经常不足。
think little/nothing of　认为……没什么了不起；对……满不在乎；轻视；忽视
(教材P26)But the one million people of the city，who thought little of these events，were asleep as usual that night.
但唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没把这些情况当回事儿，当天晚上照常上床睡觉了。

think much/highly/well of　重视；看重；对……高度评价
be well/highly thought of 被……高度评价
①He came up with a good suggestion at the meeting，but his boss thought little of it. 在会议上他提出了一个好建议，但是老板根本不理会。
②George is organized，easy­going，hard­working and intelligent. In a word，you can’t_think_too_highly_of him.
乔治有组织能力、随和、工作努力、聪明。总而言之，你对他再怎么高度评价也不为过。
③As a young leader，he is well thought of.
作为一位年轻的领导，他受到高度评价。


(教材P26)It seemed as if the world was at an end！　仿佛到了世界末日！

(1)It seemed (to sb. ) that/as if. . . “(对某人来说)似乎……”。
(2)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。
(3)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。
①(2014·高考广东卷·阅读理解)Though the local villagers were poor，they offered their homes，hearts，and food as if I were their own family. 虽然当地村民很穷，但是他们把他们的家、热情和食物都给了我，好像我就是他们的家人。
②When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water，it looks as if it were_broken(break)．
当把铅笔的一部分放进一杯水里时，它看上去好像断了。
③Jack wasn’t saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him as if he had_done(do) something very clever.
杰克没说什么，但是老师向他微笑，好像他之前做的是明智之举似的。
【温馨提示】
如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略主语和be动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
④She walked here and there on the playground as if (she was) looking for something.
她在操场上来回走，好像在找什么东西。
⑤He opened his mouth as_if_to_say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
(教材P26)In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
在农家大院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。

(1)too＋adj. /adv. (for sb. )＋to do sth. 表示否定的意义，意思是“太……而不能……”。
(2)当too. . . to. . . 用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，不定式表示肯定意义。
(3)can’t/can never. . . too. . . 再怎么……也不过分
①The problem is too_difficult_for_her_to_solve.
问题太难了，她无法解决。
②He was too eager to know the result of his examination.
他迫切想知道考试的结果。
③You can’t_be_too_careful while crossing the street.
过马路时你再怎么小心也不过分。
(教材P26)All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。

该句是表示部分否定的句型。all. . . not. . . ＝not all. . . ，意为“并非所有的……都……”。
(1)英语中的all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，completely，always，whole，entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。
(2)英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more，no longer，no way等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。
①All students don’t obey the school rules，so as a teacher we should be strict with them.
＝Not all students obey the school rules，so as a teacher we should be strict with them.
并非所有的学生都遵守学校规章制度，因此作为一名老师，我们应严格要求他们。
②Both of the two math problems are not very difficult.
＝Not_both_of the two math problems are very difficult.
这两道数学题并非都很难。
③I knew that nothing would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director.
我知道没有什么能够阻碍他，他将永远不会放弃成为一名导演的想法。

精练
年级：高一年级 科目：英语 类型：同步
知识点：词汇应用 难度 较难
总题量：4 预估总时间:30 min
Ⅰ. 品句填词
A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
1．Her graduation from college was a great ____________(事件)．
2．It’s wrong for you to take ____________(遮蔽)under the tree in the storm.
3．Many people went to the ____________(灾难)area to help the victims as volunteers after
the earthquake happened.
4．While I was cooking supper，the ____________(电)went off.
5．When the second earthquake happened，some of the ____________(援救)workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.
B)在句中空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
6．After the crash，an ambulance took the ____________(injure)to hospital immediately.
7．____________(shock) at the sad news，my aunt stood there still，not knowing what to say.
8．On arriving there，we expressed our ____________(congratulate)to him on his success.
9．When people use words and____________ (express) different from the “standard language”，it is called a dialect.
10．This ____________ (frighten) boy whose mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.
II. 选词填空　用方框中短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
right away；in ruins；as if；dig out；think little of；at an end；run out of；a number of；fall down；be proud of
1．His car was buried by the snow and had to be ____________.
2．They ____________ my suggestion，which made me a little upset.
3．Please wait for a moment. I’ll find the address for you ____________.
4．Quite ____________ world­famous paintings are on show in this exhibition.
5．The children were happy that the long hot summer was at last ____________.
6．We ____________ our son for not giving in to such difficulties.
7．We couldn’t continue our way，for we had ____________ petrol.
8．The earthquake left the whole town ____________. What a terrible sight!
9．You must watch your step so as not to ____________.
10．She was shaking with terror ____________ she’d seen something terrible.
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1．According to a recent survey，too many cigarettes and wine are ________ many people’s health.
A．hurting　　　B．injuring C．ruining　　 D．deserting
2．On seeing the former champion of the Olympics appear on the stage，the audience ________ cheering.
A．burst in B．burst into C．burst on D．burst out
3．I haven’t read all of his books before，but________ from the one I have read，I think he’s a very promising writer.
A．judged B．judging C．determining D．determined
4．—A number of people ________ learning English nowadays.
—Yes. The number of people who are learning English ________ increasing.
A．is；is B．are；are C．are；is D．is；are
5．He was ________ by his colleagues though he himself didn’t think he had done anything
outstanding.
A．thought little of B．poorly thought of
C．highly thought of D．thought nothing of
IV. 完型填空
　Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top 　1　，but on their way back conditions were very 　2　. Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon 　3　 alone，he would probably get back 　4　. But Simon decided to risk his 　5　 and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope (绳).
As they 　6　 down，the weather got worse. Then another 　7　 occurred. They couldn't see or hear each other and，　8　，Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice (峭壁). It was 　9　 for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up. Joe's 　10　 was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. 　11　，after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold，Simon had to 　12　. In tears，he cut the rope. Joe 　13　 into a huge crevasse (裂缝) in the ice below. He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. He couldn't walk，but he 　14　 to get out of the crevasse and started to 　15　 towards their camp，nearly ten kilometres 　16　.
Simon had 　17　 the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be
　18　，but he didn't want to leave 　19　. Three days later，in the middle of the night，he heard Joe's voice. He couldn't 　20　 it. Joe was there，a few metres from their tent，still alive.
1. A. hurriedly B. carefully C. successfully D. early
2. A. difficult B. similar C. special D. normal
3. A. climbed B. worked C. rested D. continued
4. A. unwillingly B. safely C. slowly D. regretfully
5. A. fortune B. time C. health D. life
6. A. lay B. settled C. went D. looked
7. A. damage B. storm C. change D. trouble
8. A. by mistake B. by chance C. by choice D. by luck
9. A. unnecessary B. practical C. important D. impossible
10. A. height B. weight C. strength D. equipment
11. A. Finally B. Patiently C. Surely D. Quickly
12. A. stand back B. take a rest C. make a decision D. hold on
13. A. jumped B. fell C. escaped D. backed
14. A. managed B. planned C. waited D. hoped
15. A. run B. skate C. move D. march
16. A. around B. away C. above D. along
17. A. headed for B. travelled to C. left for D. returned to
18. A. dead B. hurt C. weak D. late
19. A. secretly B. tiredly C. immediately D. anxiously
20. A. find B. believe C. make D. accept

【参考答案】
Ⅰ. 品句填词
A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
答案：event
答案：shelter
答案：disaster
答案：electricity
答案：rescue
B)在句中空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
答案：injured
答案：Shocked
答案：congratulations
答案：expressions
答案：frightened
Ⅱ. 选词填空　用方框中短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
答案：dug out
答案：thought little of
答案：right away
答案：a number of
答案：at an end
答案：are proud of
答案：run out of
答案：in ruins
答案：fall down
答案：as if
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1．解析：选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据最近的调查，太多的烟和酒正在破坏人们的健康。ruin“破坏，毁灭”；hurt“伤害(感情)”；injure“伤害，损害(感情)，损害(名誉)”；desert“放弃，抛弃”。
2．解析：选D。考查与burst相关的短语搭配。句意：一看到前奥运会冠军出现在舞台上，观众爆发出欢呼声。burst out doing相当于burst into＋n. 。
3．解析：选B。考查动词用法和词义辨析。句意：我并没有读完他所有的书，但是从我所读的一本来看，我认为他是个有前途的作者。judging from. . . 是固定短语，常在句中作状语。不管它与主语是主动还是被动关系，都要用现在分词形式。
4．解析：选C。a number of “许多”，修饰可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；the number of. . . “……的数目”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
5．解析：选C。句意：他的同事对他评价很高，尽管他认为自己并没做什么出色的事。think highly of“对……评价高”。

IV. 完型填空
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文,主要描写两个朋友成功地登上山顶后，在返回途中所发生的事。途中乔不幸摔断了腿，但西蒙并没有抛弃乔，而是冒着生命危险用绳子把乔顺下山。由于看不见也听不见，他不小心把乔顺到了一个峭壁边上。经过长时间的挣扎，西蒙不得不作出决定——割断绳子。但掉下去的乔并没有被摔死，求生的欲望支撑着他。凭借惊人的毅力，在三天之后，乔终于又回到了营地。
1.C　根据空格前面的Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande和后面的on their way back可知，他们成功地 (successfully)到达了山顶。hurriedly急急忙忙地，carefully仔细地，early在早期，均与语境不符。
2.A　but(表示转折)与前面的成功登顶形成对比，再结合后面的“Joe fell and broke his leg.”可知，回来的途中形势变得很困难 (difficult)了。
3.D　根据空格后面的alone，he would probably get back可知，他们两个人都知道，如果西蒙一个人继续(continue)走的话，他可能会回去。
4.B　根据空格前面的he would probably get back可知，西蒙可能会安全地(safely)返回营地。unwillingly不情愿地，slowly慢慢地，regretfully后悔地，均与语境不符。
5.D　空格后面的and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(并试图用绳子把乔顺到山下去)表明，他要冒着生命(life)危险帮助朋友回去，这也与前面的safely形成对比。
6.C　结合上一段最后一句话中的to lower Joe down可知，在他们继续往下走的过程中(As they went down)，天气变得越来越糟糕。lie躺，settle定居，look看，均与语境不符。
7.D　根据下文的“Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice.”可知，因为看不见也听不见彼此，西蒙把乔顺到了一个峭壁边上，说明他们遇到了另外一个麻烦(trouble)。damage损害，storm暴风雨，change变化，均与语境不符。
8.A　根据空格前面的They couldn't see or hear each other(他们看不见也听不见对方)和空格后面的“Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice.”可知，西蒙由于失误(by mistake)才把乔顺到了峭壁边上。by chance 偶然地，by choice 出于自己的选择，by luck走运地，均不符合语境。
9.D　结合空格前面的over the edge of a precipice和空格后面的for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up可知，乔再爬上来或者西蒙把他拽上来都不太可能(impossible)了。此句中含有重要句式：It is/was+adj.+for sb.+ to do sth.
10.B　根据空格后面的was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice可知，正是由于乔在峭壁下面悬着，因此他的体重(weight)也把西蒙往峭壁下面拖拽，即他们两个都有可能掉下峭壁而丧命。
11.A　结合空格后面的after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold和he cut the rope可知，经过在黑暗和冰冷中一个多小时的挣扎，最终(finally)西蒙不得不作出了决定。patiently耐心地，surely一定，quickly迅速地，均不符合语境。
12.C　根据空格后面的he cut the rope可知，西蒙没有办法了，最终不得不作出决定(make a decision)，割断了绳子，即让乔自己掉下去，否则两个人都将摔死。stand back 退后，take a rest 休息，hold on 抓住不放，均与语境不符。
13.B　结合上文的cut the rope和空格后面的into a huge crevasse in the ice below可知，因为绳子断了，因此乔掉下(fall)去了。
14.A　空格前面的but和空格后面的 to get out of the crevasse and started to...说明，他虽然不能走路了，但还是设法从裂缝中出来了(managed to get out of...)，继续朝营地挪去。manage to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“成功做某事”。
15.C　根据上文的He couldn't walk和get out of the crevasse可知，他经过自己的努力，从裂缝中挣扎出来，并且继续朝营地挪去(move)。run跑，skate滑冰，march行军，均与语境不符。
16.B　根据空格前面的towards their camp，nearly ten kilometres可知，离营地差不多有10千米远(路程+away)。
17.D　结合空格后面的the camp at the foot of the mountain可知，西蒙自己安全返回(return to)了营地。head for前往，travel to去……旅游，leave for动身去，均与语境不符。
18.A　根据上文“割断绳子，乔掉下峭壁”和空格前面的He thought that Joe must be可知，西蒙认为乔一定死了(must be dead)。
19.C　结合空格前面的but he didn't want to leave可知，虽然西蒙认为乔死了，但是他并不想立即(immediately)离开营地。secretly秘密地，tiredly劳累地，anxiously焦虑地，均与语境不符。
20.B　根据空格前面的“Three days later，in the middle of the night，he heard Joe's voice.(三天后，在半夜他听到了乔的声音。)”和后面的 Joe was there可知，他简直不敢相信(believe)乔还活着。