Book1Unit 4Earthquakes 基础班讲义（含答案）

精讲

年级：高一年级   科目：英语   类型：同步

知识点：基础词汇

Ⅰ.核心单词

1．________(vi.)爆裂；爆发；(n.)突然破裂；爆发

2．________(n.)废墟；毁灭；(vt.)毁灭；使破产

3．________(vt.& vi)(使)震惊；震动；(n.)休克；打击；震惊

4．________(vt.)使陷入困境；(n.)陷阱；困境

5．________(n.)裁判员；法官；(vt.)断定；判断；判决

6．________(vt.)表示：表达；(n.)快车；速递

7．________(vt.)损害；伤害→________(n.)伤害；损害→________(adj.)受伤的

8．________(n.)电；电流；电学→________(adj.)用电的；带电的→________(adj.)与电有关的；电学的

9．________(vt.)使惊吓；吓唬→________(adj.)受惊的；受恐吓的→________(adj.)令人恐惧的

10．________(n.)祝贺；(复数)贺词→________(vt.)祝贺

——词不离句，句不离段

The whole nation was shocked by the earthquake.It was really an extremely frightening disaster.Almost everything was destroyed and people suffered a lot.They needed shelters and electricity.They expressed their sincere thanks to the Party for immediate rescue.

Ⅱ.重点短语

1．轻视；认为……没价值_________________  2．仿佛；好像____________________

3．掘出；发现__________________      4．集资；筹款；募捐______________ 

5．right away____________________     6．at an end__________________ 

7．in ruins______________________      8．a (great) number of________________ 

9．in the open air__________________      10．give a speech____________________ 

Ⅲ.经典句式

1．too...to...太……以至于不能……

In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were______________(太紧张而不敢吃东西)．

2．It seems as if...看起来好像……

________________(看起来好像)the world was at an end!

3．“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的被动语态

Thousands of families were killed and many children________________(成了孤儿)．

4．all...not...并非所有的……都……

__________________(不是所有的希望)lost.

 [词 汇 精 解]

1 burst vi.爆裂；爆发；n.突然破裂；爆发

(教材原句)In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.

在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。

burst in/into 突然闯进；破门而入    burst out 突然迸发；爆发；突然激动地喊叫

burst out doing sth＝burst into＋n. 突然做某事  burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支

【助记】

burst的多层含义

①(2013·江西·阅读理解A)The other two boys jumped up with fight，staring at Tom.Suddenly they burst out laughing.另外两个男孩跳打起来，凝视着汤姆，忽然，他们放声笑起来。

②His appearance on the platform was greeted with________________applause.

他一登上台就博得了一阵热烈的掌声。

③As soon as she heard the________news of his death，she________________tears.

一听到他死亡的这个令人震惊的消息，她痛哭起来。

2 ruin vt.毁灭；使破产；n.废墟；毁灭

(教材原句)In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。

(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟      come/go/fall to ruin 毁灭；灭亡；崩溃

 bring...to ruin 使……毁灭，使……没落；使……破产

(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己，自取灭亡

  ruin one's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途

词语辨析　ruin，damage，destroy

【一句辨异】

After the collision，he examined the considerable damage to his car. Fortunately it did not completely ruin/destroy.撞车之后，他检查了受重创的车。所幸的是车还没完全报废。

①Years of fighting has left the area____________.

连年的战争已经使这个地区成为一片废墟。

②The global economy downturn_____________________________________________________.

全球性的经济不景气已经使许多小公司破产。

3 injure vt.损害；伤害

(教材原句)Two­thirds of them died or were injured during the eartquake.

三分之二的人在地震中丧生或受伤。

词语辨析　injure，wound，hurt

①Carter is playing in place of the injured o'Reilly. 卡特替代受伤的奥赖利上场的比赛。

②She____________while skating. 她在滑冰时受了伤。

③The driver of the car received ________________the legs and arms. 驾车者的双腿和双臂严重受伤。

④A total of 271 people ____________in Shanghai's subway crash.

在上海地铁追尾事故中总共有271人受伤。

4 judge n．法官；裁判员　vt.判断；断定；判决

(教材原句)Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this

year.评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。

Judgment n. 判断(力)；看法；评价；判决；裁判   judging by/from... 从……判断

judge sb/sth to be/do sth 认为某人/某物是……/做某事  pass judgment on sb 对某人进行判决/评判

①(2013·新课标，33)“You can't judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.

正如谚语所说，“勿以貌取人。”

②________(从媒体报道来判断)，the result has been unclear.

③I________________about 40.我断定他有40来岁。

④We________________the best candidate.我们认为他是最佳人选。

5 think little of  v．不重视，轻视

(教材原句)But the one million people of the city，who thought little of these events，were asleep as usual that night.但是，这座城市里的一百万人那天晚上照常睡觉，他们没重视这些事。

(1)think highly/well/a lot/much of...对……评价高 think poorly/badly/little/nothing of...对……评价不高；不重视

(2)speak well/ill of...说……的好/坏话

(3)sing high praise for...对……评价高①She thinks nothing of walking thirty miles a day.

她认为一天步行三十英里不足为奇。

② He came up with a good suggestion at the meeting，________________.

在会议上他提出了一个好主意，但是老板根本不理会。

③As a young leader，he________________.作为一位年轻的领导，他受到高度评价。

6 at an end结束，终结

(教材原句)It seemed as if the world was at an end! 好像世界末日到了！

The long hot summer was at last at an end. 漫长的酷暑终于过去了。

(1)at the end of在……尽头；在……末端(指时间或空间的一个终点)

by the end of到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)  in the end最后；终于

(2)come to an end结束

put/bring sth to an end结束……   make (both) ends meet使收支相抵；量入为出

put an end to sth结束；终结

(3)end up with以……结束

①I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.我必须警告你我已经没有耐心了。

②They didn't know how to ______________.他们不知道如何结束这场争吵。

③Smell the flowers before you go to sleep，and you may just ______________ sweet dreams.

你在睡觉前闻一闻这些花，即可终得美梦。

7 a (great) number of许多；大量的

(教材原句)Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.

这么多人丧生是因为地震发生时他们正在睡觉。

(1)＋可数名词复数

(2)＋不可数名词

(3)＋

①A huge number of animals have died. 有大量的动物死去。

②________________(大量的)Syrian refugees have crowded into Jordan since June,2012.

自从2012年6月份以来，大量的叙利亚难民涌入约旦境内。

③The poor girl from a small village was deeply impressed by  ____________ food in the big city.

大城市里大量丰富的食品给这个来自小山村的穷苦的小女孩留下了深刻的印象。

[句 式 诠 释]

8 as if＝as though“仿佛，好像”，引导状语从句

(教材原句)It seemed as if the world was at an end！好像世界末日到了！

(1)as if/as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，可用陈述语气。

(2)as if＋to do好像要……

He treats her as if she were an angel. 他把她当天使一样对待。(虚拟语气)

It looks as if it is going to rain. 看来要下雨了。(事实)

①(2013·浙江·阅读理解D)School started，but I felt more and more as if I were in a foreign country.

开学了，但是我越来越感到好像我在外国一样。

②It looks _____________________________________. 看起来这儿的水好像不干净，不宜游泳。

③It seems ____________________________________________. 他看上去好像知道这个秘密。

9 all...not...(not all...)并非所有的……(部分否定句式)

(教材原句)All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。

(1)当not与all，both，complete，each，every，everyone，everything，whole等具有全部意义的不定代词或形容词连用时，无论not的位置如何，皆表示不完全否定，意为“并非都”。

(2)no，none，no one，neither，nothing，nowhere等表示完全否定。

①(2012·天津·阅读理解C) Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.

我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观故宫博物馆。

②All my friends do not study well.并不是我所有的朋友都学习好。

→__________________________.(变为同义句)  →__________________________.(变为完全否定)

【参考答案】

Ⅰ.核心单词

1. burst　2.ruin　3.shock　4.trap　5.judge  6．express　7.injure；injury；injured　

8.electricity；electric；electrical　9.frighten；frightened；frightening

10．congratulation；congratulate

Ⅱ.重点短语

1.think little of　2.as if　3.dig out　4.raise money 　5.立刻；马上　6.结束；终结　7.严重受损；破败不堪　8.许多；大量的　9.在户外　10.作演讲

Ⅲ.经典句式　

1.too nervous to eat       2．It seemed as if

3．were left without parents     4．All hope was not

[词 汇 精 解]

1 ②a burst of　③shocking；burst into 

2 ①in ruins　②has brought many small companies to ruin

3 ②injured herself　③serious injuries to ④were injured

4 ②Judging from media reports　③judge him to be　④judge that he is

5 ②but his boss thought little of it　③is well/highly thought of

6 ②put an end to the quarrel　③end up with

7 ②A great many　③large quantities of

8 ②as if it isn't clean enough to swim here  ③as if he knew the secret

9 ②Not all my friends study well/All my friends don't study well;

    None of my friends studies well

精练

年级：高一年级   科目：英语   类型：同步 

知识点：词汇应用  难度 基础

总题量：3               预估总时间:30 min

Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空

1．His family business was ________ (ruin)in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.

2．After finishing my homework，I wandered into the dining room where you were ________ (bury)  under  piles of law books.

3．This lock is ________ (damage)．This door will never open!

4．In my ________ (judge)，it is a wise choice.

5．The pleasant and charming environment of the city makes many tourists ________ (burst)into it.

Ⅱ.单项填空

1．(2016·海宁高三质检)Because of the current crisis，his company had to take on the heavy financial____．

A．burden    B．load    C．burst     D．weight

2．(2017·杭州十四中模拟)In a car accident，he was________seriously while his father was killed.

A．hurt     B．injured   C．wounded    D．harmed

3．(2016·台州模拟)Flowers displayed at the fair are appreciated and________by the tourists.

A．think well of  B．thought well  C．thinking well of   D．well thought of

4．(2016·浙江，10)During the last three decades，the number of people participating in physical  fitness               programs________sharply.

A．was increasing  B．has increased C．had increased   D．will be increasing

5．The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if________whether he was going in the  right direction.

A．seeing   B．having seen   C．to see    D．to have seen

6．________his happy look on the face，he must have passed the exam this time.

A．Judging from   B．To judge from  C．Judged from    D．Judge by

7．—Which of the two computer games did you prefer?

—Actually I didn't like________．

A．both of them    B．either of them  C．none of them    D．neither of them

8．(2016·杭州高三质检)It is reported that________of this week the price will have risen by about 10%.

A．by the end   B．at the end  C in the end   D．at an end

9．Nowadays，in some faraway areas poverty will probably________a child's hope.

A．damage    B．hurt   C．injure    D．ruin

Ⅲ.完成句子

1．My uncle will go to China to visit the Great Wall__________________．(end)

在今年年底，我叔叔要去中国参观长城。

2．During the rush travel ahead of holidays，________________ waited to board trains at the Nanjing  Railway  Station.(number)  在假日前的旅游高峰期，很多的乘客在南京火车站等待上车。

3．This autumn，a great number of crops in the area ________________．(damage)

今年秋天这个地区的许多作物都被暴风雨毁坏了。

4．______________her last letter，they are having a wonderful time.(judge)从她上封信看，他们过得非常愉快。

5．He was unhappy；it seemed as if________________．(want) 他不太高兴，好像要我们离开。

6．All these TV programs________________．(popular) 这些电视节目并非全都受人们的欢迎。

【参考答案】

Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空

1.ruined　2.buried　3.damaged　4.judgment　5.burst

Ⅱ.单项填空

1　A　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于当前的经济危机，他的公司不得不承受沉重的财政负担。burden“重担；负担”；load“负载量；负荷”；burst“爆炸；爆发”；weight“重量”。]

2　B　[考查动词词义。句意：在一次车祸中，他严重受伤，而他的父亲则去世了。此处指意外事故造成的伤害，B项最佳。]

3　D　[句意：在展览会上展出的鲜花得到游客们的欣赏和高度评价。从句意看flowers与think well of是被动关系，故用被动语态；think well of“对……评价高”，其被动语态常把well放在系动词之后。]

4　B　[考查时态。句意：近30年来，参加健身活动的人数一直在急剧增加。during the last three decades近30年来，这是包括现在时间在内的时间段，是现在完成时的时间标志，故选B。]

5　C　[句意：我们跟随的那个人突然停了下来，好像要看看他是否走对了方向。as if to see...的完整形式是as if he was to see...]

6　A　[judging from为插入语结构，不受句子主语和语态限制，故正确答案只能选A。]

7　B　[考查部分否定与全部否定。“I didn't like either of them.”相当于“I liked neither of them.”，是完全否定，意为“我哪一个也不喜欢”。]

8　A　[考查短语的用法。by the end of＋将来时间时，谓语动词用将来完成时。]

9　D　[考查动词词义。句意：现在一些偏远地区，贫穷将可能毁坏孩子的希望。damage“遭受破坏”；hurt“伤害”；injure指意外事故造成的伤害；ruin“破坏，毁灭”。]

Ⅲ.完成句子

1. at the end of this year　        2.a large/great number of passengers　

3. were damaged by the storm　          4.Judging by/from　  

5.he wanted us to leave　        6.are not popular with people