2020中考英语二轮复习语法第十五讲五大基本简单句资料（通用版）

五大简单句一、定义：句子中只有一个主语（或者并列主语），一个谓语动词（或者并列谓语）的叫做简单句。 二、类别  主语+谓语（不及物动词） The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起 The class begins.开始上课  主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语 I like apples.我喜欢苹果 He often helps me.他经常帮助我  主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语 My mother bought me a bike.我的妈妈给我买了一辆自行车 He gives his sister an apple.他给他的妹妹一个苹果  主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语 I find the book very interesting.我发现那本书很有趣 He often makes us laugh.他经常使我们笑  主语+系动词+表语 The film is interesting.电影很有趣 The food tastes delicious.食物尝起来很美味  三、句子成分  主语：句子中说明的人或事，即句子谈论的主题可以充当主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、句子 1）The apple is big.（名词apple）2）He likes reading（代词he）3）Three hours is enough to do homework.（数词three）4）Watching TV is my hobby.（动名词watching）5）To get there is not easy.（不定式to get）6）What you need is to get some sleep.（句子what you need）   谓语动词：说明主语的动作、状态、特征；由动词来充当，有人称、数、时态的变化。可以充当谓语动词的有：be动词、动词原形、动词单三、动词过去时、情态动词+动词原形、助动词+动词原形、助动词+动词过去分词、be+过去分词 1）He is a worker.（be动词is）2）He speaks English（单三speaks）3）They like reading books.（原形like）4）He worked in the factory two years ago（过去时worked）5）He can dance.（情态动词can+dance）6）I will see a film.（助动词will+see）7）She has finished her homework.（助动词has+finished）8）The book is writen by Moyan.（be动词is+writen）   宾语：动作的承受着可以充当宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、句子 1）I like apples.（名词apples）2）How many books do you need?   We need ten.（数词ten）3）I like watching TV（动名词watching）4）He wants to go home.（不定式to go）5）He said he wanted to go home.（句子he wanted to go home）   表语：表示主语的性质、状态、特征可以充当表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词、动名词 1）He is a teacher.（名词a teacher）2）One and one is two.（数词two）3）Who did this?It’s him.（代词him）4）The food smells delicious.（形容词delicious）5）The book is on the desk.（介词短语on the desk）6）To see is to believe.（不定式 to believe）7）His hobby is collecting stamps.（动名词collecting）8）My bike is broken（过去分词broken）   宾语补足语：对宾语的补充说明，说明宾语的身份、状态，和宾语在逻辑上有主谓关系。可以充当宾补的有：名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语 1）We call him Tom.（名词Tom）2）She makes me happy（形容词happy）3）He tells me to go home.（不定式to go）4）I hear someone singing.（现在分词singing）5）I found my book at home.（介词短语at home）   定语：修饰限定名词或代词可以充当定语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词、动名词、分词、不定式、定语从句 1）He is a Chinese teacher.（名词Chinese）2）He is our teacher（代词our）3）This is the third book.（数词third）4）That is a good car.（形容词good）5）The man over there is our teacher.（副词over there做后置定语）6）The girl in red is my sister.（介词in red做后置定语）7）This is a swimming pool.（动名词swimming）8）The man standing there is Mr Brown.（现在分词做后置定语）9）The house built last month is broken.（过去分词built做后置定语）10）I have a lot of homework to do .（to do做后置定语）11）I know the man who is over there.（句子Who is over there）